Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
15:37:42
Dear colleagues,
The sitting is open.
I remind members that they should insert their badge before taking the floor. As you begin your speech, please press the microphone button once only, wait 2 seconds, and then speak.
The first item of business this afternoon is the debate on the report titled “Call for Varosha’s return to its lawful inhabitants” (Doc. 16004) presented by Mr Piero FASSINO on behalf of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy.
In order to finish by 5:05 p.m., I will interrupt the list of speakers at about 4:35 p.m. to allow time for the reply and the vote.
I now call Mr FASSINO, rapporteur.
Dear Piero, you have 7 minutes now and 3 minutes at the end to reply to the debate.
You have the floor.
Italy, SOC, Rapporteur
15:38:43
Thank you Mr. President,
Thank you colleagues,
[In English] I speak in Italian because there is a translation.
The report is about the situation in Varosha, Varosha is a part of the city of Famagusta. It was in the 1950s and 1960s a very important international tourist resort, which in 1974, by virtue of the political crisis that occurred in the island of Cyprus, came under Turkish control and it is a ghost town, because by virtue of an agreement that was then established, the town of Varosha is devoid of any inhabitants, devoid of any activity, it is precisely a ghost city in which the only presence are two UN checkpoints.
The UN has repeatedly, even more recently, asked in its resolutions to be allowed to have control over the Varosha area by including it in the buffer zone that the UN already exercises in Cyprus, but the Turkish Cypriot authorities have always refused to accept this solution. Today Varosha is a ghost town under Turkish control.
But Varosha's problem is actually part of the Cyprus problem. It is difficult to think of a solution to the Varosha problem without addressing the Cyprus problem. Cyprus as you know has for 50 years, since 1974, been an island divided into two parts: the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Cypriot community. A crisis that began in 1963 actually, so much so that the United Nations already deployed a contingent then, that escalated in 1974 when, under the auspices of the Greek Colonels, let's say a Greek Cypriot extremist group, made a coup d'état with the aim of achieving Enosis (i.e. the union of Cyprus with Greece).
That coup provoked the Turkish reaction, which invoking Article 4 of the guarantee treaty signed at the time of Turkish independence allowed for action, and it intervened militarily in the northern part of Cyprus. Since that time Cyprus has been a divided island.
Since then many attempts to seek reunification have been made, the Annan Plan which was approved by referendum by the Turkish Cypriot community but rejected by the Greek Cypriot community. There have been many other attempts until the Crans-Montana attempt in 2017, but they have all failed. Faced with the failure of all attempts to produce reunification, it has been argued on the Turkish side recently that it is impossible to achieve reunification and that the only possibility is to accept that there are two states. Two independent states. That is the position of the Turkish Cypriot community, that is also the position of the Turkish government, as expressed by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in his speech at the United Nations Assembly.
There was and still is an attempt by UN Secretary-General António Guterres to try to resume a path of negotiations, but so far it is not known whether this attempt will be successful.
The position that the international community – the United Nations, the European Union, the Council of Europe – advocates is that the only solution to get out of this division of the island, is a bi-national and bi-communal federation with a single legal personality, with a single foreign policy, but with a very broad transfer of self-government competence to the two constituent communities of the federation.
This is the position that the United Nations still supports, that the Council of Europe has supported in all its manifestations, and that is also contained in the Resolution that is submitted for a vote.
About the problem of Varosha itself, on the basis of a judgment of our Court of Justice, of the ECHR, a specific path was activated: the ECHR judgment made it incumbent on Turkey to set up a real estate commission to which the owners of the buildings in Varosha, who are largely, almost all of them, Greeks, can apply either to have the property they own returned to them or to have compensation.
At present a number of owners have appealed to the commission, however, most of the cases that have been reviewed so far have ended in monetary compensation, while the return of property has been reduced to 3.5% percent of the cases reviewed.
Again, the United Nations in order to try to deal with this problem in a more assertive way and more, let's say, with better outcomes requested again in its last resolution to bring Varosha under UN control, but on the Turkish side this was rejected.
Conclusion, I think that first: we must not resign ourselves to the permanent division of the island and therefore we must support the proposal for a bi-national, bi-communal federation with wide transfer of powers and competencies to the two constituent communities. We must encourage in every way that measures of mutual trust be built up and that there be an opportunity to develop all possible forms of co-operation.
In a recent visit I made to Cyprus for example, I had both the mayor of Famagusta, who is Turkish, and the exiled mayor of Famagusta, who is Greek Cypriot, meet, and it was a meeting in which we discussed how we could promote forms of co-operation.
Of course, it is a matter of insisting that Varosha be brought under UN control, insisting that the Turkish community accept the UN proposal, and that there be an acceleration of the consideration of appeals to the real estate commission by making sure that not only compensation but also restitution of property is used.
Every effort must be made to build the conditions for greater mutual trust, including by fostering the overcoming of forms of isolation suffered by the Turkish Cypriot community today.
The Council of Europe's commitment has always been in this direction, so is the Resolution before you, and beyond today's Resolution, I believe that we should continue to work on this dossier until the desired solution is reached.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
15:47:04
Dear colleagues,
We go on with the debate.
And I call first on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, Ms Saskia KLUIT.
Netherlands, SOC, Spokesperson for the group
15:47:16
Thank you, President.
Cyprus was established in 1960 as an independent state with ensuring equal rights and responsibilities to both the Turkish and the Cypriot citizens. And yet, already soon after the establishment of the state, the people of Cyprus were confronted with several violent conflicts resulting in 1974 in occupying of parts of its territories by Türkiye.
In 2024, we are still confronted with the painful remnants of this conflict.
The report on the return of Varosha to its lawful citizens is a commendable effort and result of patient work by our colleague Mr Piero FASSINO, and depicts the situation on the ground in Varosha, and shines a way forward for our community.
Most important of all the report and the recommendation, it reiterates the importance of the bi-communal federal state solution for Cyprus.
That is a solution where both Turkish and Cypriot communities will have great freedom to fulfil their own needs and their own wishes for their own communities, and still live in harmony with each other.
Then there is Varosha, that part of the city of Famagusta that has remained closed and uninhabited for more than 50 years. The case of Varosha is one of important symbolic significance. There are several UN resolutions on Famagusta that call for the return of the city to its lawful inhabitants under the UN administration and consider any attempts to settle the city by persons other than its Greek Cypriot inhabitants illegal.
As the report rightly documents, the gradual opening of the city under the present condition of occupation by Türkiye will undermine and even destroy any efforts aimed at the resumption of negotiations. So we strongly support the rapporteur in his proposals to return Varosha to its lawful inhabitants under the UN and it calls on all parties to swiftly resume the political process for a federal state, while refraining by all parties from any further unilateral steps or statements that undermine such a process. These steps are of course imperative to encourage further fruitful negotiations within the boundaries of the UN-made framework.
To give follow up on the recommendation, it's not only in accordance with international law and the implementation of the UN resolutions, it would also positively contribute to an overall settlement of the Cyprus problem. That is, of course, something we strive for. So the next time that in this chamber we discuss Varosha, it will be because it's a wonderful vibrant place, filled with people having a good time, and not because it's an empty painful remnant of a frozen conflict.
Thank you, President.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
15:50:10
Thank you.
On behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, Mr Georgios STAMATIS.
Greece, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group
15:50:17
Thank you, Mister President.
I totally agree that after our discussion about the draft Resolution the next timewe will be here, the Greek Cypriot inhabitants will be here on this stage because in Europe, we don't have only the separate Nicosia but we have ghost cities. And these cities belong to Cyprus.
You know, dear colleagues, before the division of Cyprus in 1974, Varosha was a modern and developed city and one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. It was also a centre of art and intellectual activity. Ever since Türkiye's invasion of Cyprus in 1974, as it is recognised by the Council of Europe, thousands of inhabitants have suffered deprivation of their fundamental rights. All Greek Cypriots were internally displaced in the southern part of the island.
After 50 years, the Cyprus problem remains unresolved, having as a result, Nicosia be the only divided European capital.
As an aftermath of the Turkish invasion Varosha, which is part of Famagusta, is an abandoned ghost town. In the following negotiations, Varosha was included among the areas to be returned to the Greek Cypriot administration following the comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus issue on the agreed basis of a bi-communal and bi-zonal federation. In line with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, the international community considers Varosha to be illegally occupied and has systematically called for the withdrawal of Turkish troops from the fenced town. Following all UN resolutions, Varosha must be under the control of the UN and returned to its lawful inhabitants.
The Turkish government in 2020 decided to reopen access to Varosha. This unilateral action breaches the international law and human rights of the lawful citizens of this area.
As an organisation committed to democracy, human rights, the rule of law, and ultimately peace, it is our responsibility to offer political solutions to significant geopolitical issues, before military responses. This report highly underlines that by this action, Türkiye violates the related UN resolutions.
For peace to be lasting it must first be just, and this report matches the expectations, proposing an overall balanced approach, for a united Cyprus in which the legitimate rights of both the Greek and Turkish Cypriots would be ensured, in full compliance with the Council of Europe standards and the rule of law.
The steps orchestrated by the President of Türkiye to alter the status of Varosha by gradually opening the fenced-off area breaches any sense of international law and undermines the prospects of a comprehensive settlement of the Cypriot issue.
The Council of Europe cannot afford to remain silent. Varosha must return to its lawful inhabitants. This is why this report is fundamentally important for the Council of Europe
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
15:53:26
On behalf of Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Mr Damien COTTIER.
Switzerland, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group
15:53:35
Thank you, Mr Chairman.
The rapporteur, Mr Piero FASSINO, is right: he is right to broaden the scope of his report to cover the whole situation in Cyprus; he is right to point out that, unfortunately, this country has been split in two for 50 years this year, and that this is a sad anniversary; and he is also right to recall the whole framework that has been developed in recent years, notably the resolutions of our Assembly but also those of the United Nations Security Council.
On behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, I would like to thank him for his excellent report. Mr FASSINO is accustomed to producing excellent reports that are both precise and well-balanced - as is the case today.
We need to dwell on this issue, since our Assembly and the Council of Europe are working hard on major conflicts that occupy us and should concern us, such as the situation in Ukraine, the Middle East, the political tensions in Georgia, the situation between Armenia and Azerbaijan, and other hotly contested situations. But we must not forget situations that have remained unresolved for many years, such as that of the island of Cyprus which, as has been said, has unfortunately been divided for 50 years, with no prospect of a solution at present.
Mr FASSINO is once again right when he says that we must not give up. We have to keep working, because solutions are possible. And to do that, we need political will, we need goodwill, and we need governments that look out for the interests of their people.
So, the heart of this report is the situation of Varosha, this district of the city of Famagusta, currently in the northern part of the island, which is occupied, and this part of the Varosha district is unoccupied, is inaccessible, has been a ghost town for 50 years.
And if, unfortunately, the Turkish authorities continue to want to change this situation, then they will be further distancing themselves from the possibility, the prospect of a peace solution, and they will not be respecting, they will be violating the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council. So we must not go down this road. On the contrary, we must call on the international community – in particular the guarantor powers, Turkey, Greece, the United Kingdom in particular, the European Union and, of course, the United Nations – to continue working towards peace.
This idea of a federal system, whatever its precise form, is probably the only possible idea. And it's a Swiss who's telling you this, coming from a country that has really lived through this system of federalism, that went from a confederation of states to a federal state 150 years ago, but all this took place over a very long period of time, with conflicts for a long time, but conflicts that were able to be resolved and differences that were able to diminish because there were confidence-building measures, because we learned to live together. Today, Switzerland is obviously a country of peace, but it didn't happen by itself: it happened through will, and it happened through these trust-building processes.
I'm sure that Switzerland is ready and willing to help in the Cyprus process. It has often done so in the past, with conferences in Geneva, Crans-Montana and Bürgenstock, explaining its experience in the field.
But above all, the international community – and I'll end here, Mr. Chairman – really must not give up. We must continue to work on this issue to find a solution.
We will support this report in the version adopted by the Committee, with the rapporteur's recommendations.
Thank you, Mr Chairman.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
15:57:15
Mr George LOUCAIDES on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left.
Cyprus, UEL, Spokesperson for the group
15:57:37
Thank you, Mister President.
Allow me to thank Mr Piero FASSINO for this report that has taken much time and effort, but also the secretary of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy Mr Pavel CHEVTCHENKO for his precious assistance throughout.
Dear colleagues, it has been decades since the Cyprus problem was discussed in the planetary session of the PACE.
Unfortunately, as it was already said, in just a few days we will mark 50 years since the Turkish invasion and continuous occupation of 37% of the territory of the Republic of Cyprus by Türkiye. Half a century of division of our country and of our people, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots – 50 years of continuous violation of international law and massive violation of the human rights.
Today's discussion, dear colleagues, is taking place as a result of the new fait accompli imposed by Türkiye in Famagusta. This is probably the worst fait accompli since the unilateral declaration of the pseudo-state in 1983 recognised only by Türkiye.
Turkish actions in Famagusta are illegal and run contrary to the Security Council Resolutions 550 and 789, which call for the return of the city to its rightful owners under UN administration.
If the status quo in Varosha is not revoked and is further continued, it will not only undermine, but may also become the tombstone of the efforts to restart negotiations for achieving a comprehensive solution to the Cyprus problem.
Negative developments in Famagusta must be seen as part of subordinate Turkish Cyprus leader pursue for their two-states solution, thus diverting from the agreed framework for a bi-zonal bi-communal federation with single sovereign international personality and citizenship with political equality as stipulated in the relevant UN resolutions.
In this context, the dangers for Cyprus and the Cypriot people become magnified, bringing us closer to partition.
Dear colleagues, it is more than clear and evident that the current divisive status quo, or any other form of partition, is not viable and bears countless risks for the future of our island and its people. On the contrary, it is our strong belief that the only way forward for both communities and all parties involved is to reach a comprehensive solution.
Therefore the Assembly must send a strong message to uphold international law, dismissing and condemning any action that cements they illegal partitioning status quo that is responsible, not only for the ongoing violation of the Greek Cypriots' human rights, but also for the suffering of the Turkish Cypriots. As a result of their continuous and imposed demographic, economic, social, cultural, and political assimilation from Türkiye.
PACE must also send a strong message today on the need to break the longest stalemate in the history of the problem and express support towards the efforts of the UN Secretary General to resume negotiations from where they left off in 2017.
Lastly, PACE should send a strong message of support for our vision of a free peaceful reunited European Cyprus, where all Cypriots may live in conditions of security and stability.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:01:12
Thank you.
We go on now to the list of speakers.
Mr Namık TAN is first.
Türkiye, SOC
16:01:21
Dear President,
Dear colleagues,
First, I would like to extend my gratitude to Mr Piero FASSINO for his dedicated work in preparing this report on such a complex subject.
The island of Cyprus is home to two distinct communities: Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots. Given this, and considering the importance of the issues addressed in the report, it is crucial that the events between these two communities are presented from a balanced perspective.
This balance is particularly vital in a report that aims to articulate solutions to this decades old conflict, as it affects both the understanding of the conflict's nature and the report's credibility.
Therefore, I feel compelled to draw your attention to certain undisputed historical facts and issues.
As a result of Greek Cypriot violence that began in 1963 and continued for the next 11 years, hundreds of Turkish Cypriots were murdered, wounded or taken hostage. Nearly 30 000 Turkish Cypriots were driven from their homes and became refugees in enclaves that covered only 3% of the island's territory. In these enclaves, the Turkish Cypriot people lived under what then UN Secretary General described as a veritable siege, with no freedom of movement, and deprived of basic necessities.
Secondly, for more than half a century, Turkish Cypriots have made significant efforts and constructive contributions towards resolving the Cyprus issue.
One of the most important initiatives in the context of this report is the establishment of the Immovable Property Commission (IPC) in accordance with Xenides-Arestis judgment of the European Court of Human Rights. The Commission was recognised by the Court as an effective remedy in the 2010 Demopoulos judgement, and the lifting of the military zones status of the pilot fenced-off area of Maraş/Varosha, in line with the work of the Commission. As a clear indication of progress, there are currently over 513 applications before the IPC relating to the fenced-off area of Maraş/Varosha, with over 41 concerning properties within the pilot area.
To conclude, I would like to emphasise a fundamental principle essential for a lasting settlement: negotiations must be free and mutually acceptable. I also believe that resolving the Cyprus and Maraş/Varosha issues requires genuine commitment and equal goodwill from both sides to find a solution.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:04:51
Thank you.
Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU is next.
Cyprus, SOC
16:05:06
Mister President.
In 1974, Türkiye invaded Cyprus and with the exception of the 1956 invasion of Hungary by the USSR and Prague in 1968, Europe had not encountered such an invasion since the Second World War.
Forty-eight years later, Europe has once again experienced a flagrant violation of international law in the form of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia.
Fifty years have gone past since the Turkish invasion – half a century during which period we have seen helplessly the erasure of cultural heritage, ethnic cleansing – this is one of the most ancient cultures in Europe, and we have seen the distortion of history.
But the subject of our debate today does not focus on the invasion nor on the occupation of 40% of Cypriot territory by Türkiye, what we are discussing today is to draw the attention of the international community to the fact that the territory of Famagusta, pursuant to United National resolutions and court judgments, should be returned to its owner.
I have set this out in the introduction because the very clear request that Famagusta should be given back to its legitimate owners has been turned into something else, very deftly by Türkiye, deliberate efforts to complicate the situation, to cover up the situation and to turn this into some type of clash between Turkish and Greek Cypriots.
Mr Piero FASSINO's report has addressed the question of the arguments and has left aside who lies behind this – I could talk about the Turkish pretext for the invasion, there are all kinds of things – anyone who invades has their own excuse for doing so and one only has to look at what Nazi Germany used to say. What about Putin and the invasion of Ukraine? What about the Sudetes? – Hitler's invasion of the Sudetan lands. In all of these cases, it is always the fault of the victim.
In the case of Famagusta, the question is absolutely clear. We are talking about a request for the immediate return of property to its owners and not any other step. There is no excuse for not returning Famagusta to its inhabitants pursuant to negotiations. Its return is not conditional upon anything or the illegal de facto functioning of the situation on the island at the moment and the Cypriot question generally.
I call upon you to vote in favour of this Resolution even though I am not in favour of all the points. There are some technical issues which I think are raised rather pointlessly in the report. But I will vote in favour of the report because it is absolutely obvious that the property of Famagusta should immediately be returned, because Cyprus is one people, one state and there should be no division into a Greek and Turkish part.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:08:57
Mr José María SÁNCHEZ GARCÍA is next.
Going on with Mr Mehmet AKALIN.
Türkiye, ALDE
16:09:14
Thank you, Mr President.
First of all, I would like to thank Mr Piero FASSINO for the report on this complex issue.
I would also like to add a few comments that I believe have been omitted regarding the history of the Cyprus situation. The problem in Cyprus is a deeply rooted issue with the significant historical grievances and geographical implications. It is impossible to throw accurate conclusions and offer solutions to this long-standing problem without first having a deep knowledge of the history of Cyprus.
The historical reality shows that the two communities lived peacefully and respecting one another in the island for nearly 350 years until the involvement and the intervention of the British government in 1914, causing social unrest and suffering. The report, however, only refers to the events starting from the 1960s.
Paragraph 14 of the explanatory memorandum refers to the 1960s events as inter-communal clashes or violence. But the reality of the matter was that from 1963 to 1974, armed attacks were carried out against the Turkish Cypriots, resulting in hundreds of deaths, the expansion of Turkish Cypriots from partnership state organs, institutions and their homes. This was acknowledged and described by the UN Secretary General as a veritable siege.
Turkish intervention was in accordance with the Article 4 of the Treaty of Guarantee of 1960. Unfortunately, the term used in the report, "invasion" and "occupation", are politically chosen. The main Cyprus problem lies in the attitude and the position of the Greek Cypriots, insisting on exclusive ownership of the island, and rejecting the sharing of power and resources with other owners of the island: Turkish Cypriots.
As a reflection of this perspective with the sad confidence of this unfair situation throughout history, as mentioned in the report, Greek Cypriots have rejected every proposed solutions, opting for a non-solution stance. As such, the UN plan called the Annan Plan, in 2004, was a chance for a solution, but it was rejected by Greek Cypriots. They also walked out from the negotiation table in Crans-Montana, in 2017.
However, the Turkish Cypriots, who accepted the Annan Plan, have found themselves politically isolated. Today, they continue to suffer violations of their human rights through unjust and unilateral embargoes illegally imposed on them.
We can only move forward when we acknowledge the Turkish Cypriot people have the right to equal sovereignty and the international status.
All in all, considering all aspects of the problems, the property issues concerning Maraş, represents only one dimension of the ongoing problems. Therefore, I believe that even if the property issues are resolved, if there is no hope for a peaceful future on the island, the Greek Cypriot side must contribute towards finding a fair and lasting solution – together with the Turkish Cypriots – to the Cyprus problem, and stop holding the European Union to ransom in order to reach its unreasonable goal of implications.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:12:45
Thank you, Mister AKALIN.
Mr Dimitrios MANTZOS is next.
Greece, SOC
16:12:55
Thank you.
Thank you, Mister Chairman.
First of all, let me extend my warmest congratulations to the rapporteur Mr Piero FASSINO for his meticulous work over the course of no less than four years and his in-depth and objective analysis of such a delicate issue.
This resolution urges us to revisit one of the last deep scars that the 20th century left on the tortured body of Europe. The Varosha issue is not a minor case, irrelevant to the Cyprus problem, on the contrary it constitutes a vital part of it.
2024 is a landmark here. It marks 50 years, half a century, of the illegal occupation of the northern part of Cyprus by the Turkish military forces following the invasion of 1974.
The series of events where we can only trace back the roots of the Varosha case and numerous more similar cases, not only in terms of properties that should rightly indeed return to the lawful inhabitants of these areas, but also on the grounds of international law protecting the integrity and sovereignty of states and the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on Cyprus.
We cannot close our eyes to the fact that among us we have one divided country with the last divided European capital, Nicosia. Especially here, in this very institution, the Council of Europe, that has taken a clear and unequivocal stance, and rightly so, in the face of Russian aggression against Ukraine through invasion and annexation of its territories.
This Assembly cannot tolerate the occupation of northern Cyprus, the creation of a non-recognised pseudo-state, the unilateral fait accompli efforts, the settlement schemes, the denial to comply with the European Court of Human Rights decisions.
These facts serve as the strongest proof that 1974 was not an Intervention but rather an invasion in the first place.
Dear colleagues, we have to bear in mind that behind every word of this resolution there lie persons and families that lost homes and relatives and friends during that tragic summer.
They seek justice.
This is not a matter of revenge or vindication, no, it is a matter of justice, it is a matter of proof, that this is the strongest guarantee that after 50 years Cyprus can actually be reunited on the basis of international law and historical truth, that the Republic of Cyprus can be actually, yes, an independent sovereign state free as a whole, neither as a de facto divided Island nor as a legally partitioned land of two states.
Only then will the problem leave its place to the peaceful coexistence of all citizens, no matter their national background or their religion, from the southernmost to the northernmost part of Cyprus.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:16:07
Mr Armağan CANDAN is next.
Let me let me repeat once again the procedure.
We have to insert our badge, then we press the button only once, wait for two seconds and then we speak.
Cyprus* [Resolution 1376 (2004)]
16:16:45
Do you hear me? Yes, now. Thank you. Sorry about that.
Dear colleagues,
The Report and the Resolution that we are discussing here today focus on the Varosha issue. In fact, the Cyprus issue has many different aspects that need to be addressed, such as the isolation of Turkish Cypriots regarding trade, transport, education, communication, travel, sports and so on.
In this regard, it is high time to focus on the comprehensive solution to the Cyprus problem rather than just focusing on Varosha.
UN Secretary-General, Mr Guterres, recently appointed a personal envoy with the aim of resuming the negotiations for the political solution of the Cyprus problem. All concerned parties, including the Council of Europe and the Parliamentary Assembly, should try to help the UN Secretary-General in his efforts and the two Cypriot sides to find a solution to the long-lasting Cyprus conflict.
In the meantime, a recent rapprochement process and the progress seen in good neighbourly relations between Türkiye and Greece is very important, not only for those two countries but also for Cyprus and the whole region. What we need in the East Mediterranean is co-operation and stability. And the key to this is reaching a solution to the Cyprus problem.
Exploitation of the natural gas resources that are found around the island of Cyprus provides a very important area of co-operation among Turkish and Greek Cypriots as well as surrounding countries. It is important to focus on possible areas of co-operation with the aim of preparing a better future for the next generations. We should be able to learn from our past mistakes to build a common peaceful future.
The report also talks about the Immovable Property Commission (IPC). The Immovable Property Commission was set up by the Turkish Cypriot authorities in 2005 in accordance with the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Xenides-Arestis v. Türkiye. The purpose of this measure was to establish an effective domestic remedy for claims relating to properties in northern Cyprus. The IPC has been working effectively and the ECHR decision acknowledges this fact.
It should be noted that had the Greek Cypriots accepted the UN settlement plan that was put on simultaneous referenda back in 2004, Greek Cypriots were going to be living in their properties in Varosha for 20 years by now. As it stands now, the Varosha issue should be taken as a part of a confidence-building package deal for the benefit of both communities that would help rapprochement between the two Cypriot parties. Otherwise, it would be handled within a comprehensive settlement.
I want to see Varosha, as the last word, where Greek and Turkish Cypriots live, work and co-exist together.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:20:21
Mr Konur Alp KOÇAK is next.
Türkiye, NR
16:20:32
Thank you, Mr President.
Dear colleagues,
I would like to start by correcting one serious misconception: The intervention of Türkiye in 1974, is in fact the consequence, not the cause, of the Cyprus problem.
It’s an undeniable fact that Turkish Cypriots were subject to severe human rights violations and even massacres until Türkiye’s intervention took place. The tragedy of the Turkish community started much earlier, in 1955, when the terrorist organisation EOKA launched a bloody campaign with a view to uniting the island with Greece.
Nonetheless, Turkish and Greek Cypriots were able to compromise and reach an agreement to establish a partnership republic in 1960 which recognised the political equality of both sides as the co-founding partners.
However, ambitions of unifying the island with Greece and converting the bi-communal federation into a purely Greek Cypriot state, Greek Cypriot leadership did not refrain from destroying the internationally agreed constitutional order in 1963. Hence, it soon became clear that the federation was not a viable solution.
But today, there is a totally different reality in the island: there are two distinct nations, two fully-fledged states and two well-functioning democracies. As a result, it would be wise to acknowledge that a “two-state solution” is the only option available for lasting peace and stability in the island.
I firmly believe that it is time to think outside the box. We should give chance to fresh ideas and new proposals, instead of repeating the same old mistakes. We should recognise the fact that urging both sides for a bi-communal federation, which has been negotiated for 60 years and has proven unsuccessful, is nothing but a waste of time.
Therefore, recognition of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and ending all forms of isolation imposed on the Turkish Cypriots, will definitely be a step forward for a comprehensive settlement of the issue.
Finally, I would like to underline that the opening of Maraş makes it possible for the previous inhabitants to claim their property rights.
I would like to remind you that the Immovable Property Commission, which is recognised as an effective domestic remedy for such claims by the European Court of Human Rights, is at the disposal of the Greek Cypriots who are willing to exercise their property rights.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:23:49
Mr Claude KERN is next.
France, ALDE
16:23:54
Thank you, Mr Chairman.
Ladies and gentlemen,
Let's take a step back. First of all, I'd like to thank our colleague Piero FASSINO, who has done an outstanding job on this sensitive subject.
For fifty years now, Cyprus has been divided in two: a Turkish part in the north and a Greek part in the south. Following the first conflict in 1963, our colleague's report clearly underlines the dramatic chain of events in 1974: the coup d'état promoted by the military dictatorship in Greece, aimed at achieving the "Enosis" of Cyprus with Greece, and the subsequent military intervention by Türkiye, under the pretext of the article of the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee, according to the formula we discussed this morning in the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy. This partition and the events of 1974 remain legitimately painful for both parties, as demonstrated by the debates we had again this morning, when we examined the amendments that will be discussed later.
After the failure of the Annan plan in 2004, it has been difficult to relaunch negotiations. Energy issues, following the discovery of hydrocarbon resources off Cyprus in 2014, further complicated the situation, with Türkiye opposing any decision by the Republic of Cyprus to carry out exploration operations in its exclusive economic zone. Today, the deadlock in negotiations is prompting the Turkish Cypriots and Türkiye to advocate a two-state solution.
However, UN resolutions, like the Greek Cypriots, continue to support the creation of a bi-communal, bi-zonal federal state made up of politically equal constituent states. This position is also supported by the European Union and the Council of Europe. I don't think we should give it up.
Varosha, a district of Famagusta fenced off by the Turkish army, which drove out its legitimate inhabitants, is the saddest symbol of the 1974 crisis. UN Security Council resolutions called for this area to be placed under UN control: this has never happened.
Worse still, President Erdogan and the President of the Turkish Cypriot community have unilaterally decided to reopen the Varosha district to civilian visitors. I am delighted by the unanimous condemnation of this radical measure, which tends to endorse a two-state solution.
We had a long debate this morning on the Immovable Property Commission, recognised by the European Court of Human Rights as Türkiye's effective domestic remedy for Greek Cypriots who were forced to abandon properties in the north of the island. I was able to gauge the difference in approach between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots towards this Commission. Most Greek Cypriots, who are the legitimate inhabitants of Varosha, refuse to make use of this mechanism, which in fact ratifies a form of recognition of Turkish Cypriot authority over part of the island.
I am particularly touched to see that, fifty years on, the inhabitants of Famagusta continue to elect a municipal council that claims to be in exile. This council is working with the Turkish Cypriot-elected council to develop joint projects. The Council of Europe must support these initiatives, and our Assembly must be seen as a place where all the parties concerned can come together.
Thank you for your attention.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:27:24
Thank you, Mister Claude KERN.
Ms Nina KASIMATI is next.
Greece, UEL
16:27:29
Thank you President.
Dear colleagues,
I will start by welcoming the initiative behind this Resolution and Mr Piero FASSINO's attempt to be fair. The request that Varosha should be returned to its legitimate owners is an entirely fair one.
Since the invasion by Turkish forces, representatives of the Turkish Cypriot community have continued to be provocative.
As a member of this Parliamentary Assembly, and as a women defending the values of rule of law, democracy and human rights, it is my right to tackle the Cypriot issue, which for others is considered to be a Turkish issue. I'm entitled to say this is a result of the Turkish invasion more than 50 years ago, which continues to occupy more than one third of a member state of the European Union.
This is a vital issue of a major dimension, because the Cypriot question needs to be resolved. The occupied part of Cyprus must be freed and the property of Varosha must be returned to its legitimate owners.
We are not resigned to the status quo. We cannot put up with double standards in this respect.
For instance, we haven't done so when it comes to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
In addition, from the historical point of view, the July 1974 coup d'etat prompted by the Greek junta, with the United States behind them, involved the Republic of Greece. But Türkiye claims, vis-a-vis Cyprus, that it had recourse to the rights to intervene.
But under the 1960 agreement between Cyprus and the United Kingdom, there is no provision for a military intervention. That would be a violation of Article 2.4 on non-use of force.
In addition, Türkiye invaded Cyprus and continues to occupy one third of Cyprus' territory. This does not lead to a return to the situation under the agreement. Pursuant to this agreement, the occupation is therefore illegal and we therefore must ensure that Varosha is returned to its owners in order to honour the memories of those who lost their lives.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:31:12
Mr Francesco SORBARA is next.
Canada
16:31:18
Good afternoon, dear colleagues.
For nearly 65 years, dating back to the Republic of Cyprus’s independence, Canada and Cyprus have maintained diplomatic relations.
Significantly, Canada has been part of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus for almost as long. Since that mission’s establishment, over 25 000 Canadians have served as peacekeepers in Cyprus. Twenty-eight Canadians, unfortunately, have given their lives there.
Sixty years later, Canada continues to contribute to the UN peacekeeping mission, including at the leadership level. We are proud that both the current and former Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General in Cyprus and Head of Mission have been from Canada.
Canada has also donated to the Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus, a bi-communal body that seeks to recover, identify and return to their families the remains of persons who went missing during the conflicts.
Recently, Canada has co-operated with Cyprus on the international maritime corridor to bring humanitarian assistance to Gaza. We commend the government of Cyprus for its efforts in this regard.
Canada continues to be committed to a peaceful solution to the situation in Cyprus.
On a recent visit to the island in May 2024, Canada’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mélanie Joly, expressed our commitment to advancing political dialogue to support reunification.
Canada supports the United Nations Security Council Resolutions in favour of a bi-communal, bi‑zonal federation, and we underline the need for the solution to the Cyprus problem to be designed and implemented by the people of Cyprus.
In this context, I wanted to express my concern about recent actions that impede the progress of negotiations, including announcements made since October 2020 by Turkish and Turkish Cypriot leaders regarding the “opening” of Varosha. As a member of the Commonwealth, Canada has condemned these announcements and regrets any related actions, which run contrary to UN Security Council Resolutions and Presidential Statements on Varosha.
At a time of heightened tensions, I want to thank Rapporteur Mr Piero FASSINO for his thorough and illuminating report on the situation in Varosha.
His report brings clarity to the situation, not least by laying out the stances of each of the relevant parties using testimony gleaned from his own in-depth fact-finding visits.
It is my hope that this report can help facilitate a renewal of negotiations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots.
It is my hope, and as stated in the draft resolution, the Assembly calls upon Greece, Türkiye and the United Kingdom as guarantor powers and all the members of the UN Security Council to co-operate for a solution to the Cyprus problem in accordance with the pertinent UN Security Council Resolutions.
For that reason, I will be listening keenly to what my colleagues from Cyprus have to say today.
Thank you, colleagues.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:34:13
Thank you.
Ms Seda GÖREN BÖLÜK is next.
Türkiye, NR
16:34:19
Thank you, Mr Chairman.
Dear colleagues,
First and foremost, it must be stressed that the Greek Cypriot side did not give the 1960 Republic a chance to survive as it was established. It wanted to exclude Turkish Cypriots from state institutions, isolate them, put an end to their existence on the island and, finally, pave the way for unification with Greece ("Enosis"). The peaceful life of Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots on the island was first disrupted and destroyed by the Greek Cypriot authorities' incitement to "Enosis", which they carried out solely in their own interests, and then by their violations of the 1960 Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus and massacres against Turkish Cypriots.
The 1974 peace operation was carried out in accordance with Article 4 of the 1960 Treaty in order to extricate the Turkish Cypriots, who had been subjected to oppression, persecution and massacres by the Greeks, from the difficult situation in which they found themselves, and to restore peace and tranquillity to the island. It was therefore an operation based on legal grounds, not an occupation. Since then, the Cypriot conflict and the more than 50 years of negotiations aimed at finding a solution have come to nothing. The reason for this, unfortunately, is that the Greek Cypriot side has not demonstrated the political will necessary to resolve the conflict on the basis of an egalitarian, just and bi-zonal federation. Negotiations under the Kofi Annan Plan of April 2004 failed because the Greek Cypriots rejected it. Former Greek Cypriot Foreign Minister Rolandis has publicly stated that it was the Greek Cypriot side that rejected at least 15 UN settlement plans over the years.
Dear parliamentarians,
For decades, Maraş has maintained a status that is in no one's interest on the island, namely military status. In July 2021, the Government of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus lifted the military status of a pilot area corresponding to 3.4% of the fenced-in area of Maraş. The aim of this decision, which is in the interests of all the island's residents, is to enable the Immovable Property Commission (IPC) to process ownership claims due to the civilian zone status. This Commission was set up by the authorities of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in 2005 to assess ownership claims from the Greek Cypriot community, and was recognised as an effective domestic remedy by the European Court of Human Rights in 2010 in the Demopoulos case and subsequent judgments. As already mentioned, the number of claims to this Commission concerning the Maraş area alone rose from 280 in February 2020 to 410 in November 2021 and to 513 in June 2024; 41 of these claims concern the area whose military status has been lifted, which proves that the opening of Maraş is positively welcomed by the entire population of the island.
The Greek Cypriot side tries to present these developments as the opening up of Maraş to new settlements at the expense of ownership rights. But this is not the case. Turkish Cypriot officials stress at every opportunity that any measures concerning Maraş will be taken with due respect for ownership rights.
On the basis of this data and information, it is clear that the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has always looked after the welfare of the island's inhabitants in an equitable manner. The natural rights of Turkish Cypriots must be reaffirmed within a framework of equality, and then the two-state solution must be assessed in the light of historical realities.
Thank you for your support.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:37:56
Thank you.
Mr Alexis TSIPRAS is next.
It is not because we are political opponents with Mr Alexis TSIPRAS in Greece.
It's not my fault. Let's wait for a while.
Greece, UEL
16:39:01
So, there is a sabotage, Mister President.
It's clear.
Thank you very much, President.
I would like to thank Mr Piero FASSINO for the excellent work that you've done with regards to this Resolution. It is an important resolution.
We don't agree with all of the issues that are raised here and the way it's placed, but an effort is being made in the Council of Europe to move forward with convergence, with understanding, with finding common ground. This particular Resolution is important at this ever so critical moment because it shows us that we have to support all efforts to re-initiate all efforts for a just solution, sustainable solution as well, on the basis of a bi-zonal, bi-communal state, a single federal entity, as stated in UN resolutions, for all Cypriot people: Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots alike.
You all know that we indeed fought for this and we were very close to this particular solution in the course of the period that I was prime minister in Greece. Numerous different progressive forces have fought for this in the region.
This is a major issue. It is absolutely imperative for stability and peace in our region. For stability and peace in the Aegean and in the Middle East and the Eastern Mediterranean. Half a century has passed since the division of Cyprus. I was born a few days after the Turkish invasion, after the orchestrated coup d'etat. But that doesn't mean that we ought to consider the results of this division as a fait accompli, as the years passed. These 50 years, indeed, but we ought not take this as a given that will continue into the future.
I see the message that is being delivered by all. It is a message that implies that we are, well, a message, particularly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, that we will not accept, the results of such invasion. I think it is the same message that we ought to deliver as concerns Cyprus.
No matter how many years pass, we cannot accept a divided, and occupied Cyprus. We will fight for the country not to be divided into two states, and not for a future of division. This has to be put aside. But for the re-unification of the island, without guarantees, without occupying forces, just as we tried to do in 2017 in Crans-Montana.
Türkiye is invited to adhere to 5050 and 5089 of the United Nations so that the city of Varosha can once again be returned to its inhabitants.
Of course, here we cannot resolve the Cyprus issue, but we want to help the citizens in the future so that their call for their vested rights to be granted upon the principles of international justice, so that this can be reality, so that both communities can live in harmony.
Thank you.
Türkiye, NR
20:39:48
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Dear President,
Dear Colleagues,
The right approach to the issue of Varosha would be within the framework of information and facts that are based on the recent history.
First and foremost, the Cyprus problem started in 1963 and not in 1974 as the Greek Cypriots claim. From December 1963 to 1974, Turkish Cypriots had to seek survival in violent and traumatic conditions due to the attacks of the EOKA, which aimed unification of the Island with Greece. As a result of these massacres, Turkish Cypriots were killed, taken hostage, or went missing.
For this reason, the United Nations decided to send a peacekeeping force to the Island in 1964. Unfortunately, they did not succeed in protecting the Turkish Cypriot people.
Consequently, Türkiye intervened as a Guarantor Power on 20 July 1974 in conformity with its rights and obligations deriving from the Treaty of Guarantee.
So, this was clearly a legal military intervention and it brought peace and security to the Island that has lasted to this day.
Second, despite the international community's support for a negotiated settlement, it is the Greek Cypriot side that has rejected the idea of equal partnership for years and has not been willing to seek a solution on that basis.
The results of the referenda on Annan Plan in 2004, which was the culmination of decades-long negotiations, clearly demonstrate the Greek Cypriots’ unwillingness for a fair and lasting solution.
On the other hand, as a result of their acceptance of the Annan Plan or other results of negotiations under the United Nations framework, such as the last one in Crans-Montana in 2017, the Turkish Cypriot people are still living under illegal embargoes imposed by the Greek Cypriots.
I would like to ask colleagues: What is the legal basis for these inhuman embargoes against a population that has accepted all the plans of the international community.
Even the representatives of the Turkish Cypriot community, who have a constructive approach here in our Assembly and actively participate in its work, are not granted equal rights. I would like to ask why?
Thank you.
Türkiye, NR
20:39:51
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Dear President,
Dear Colleagues,
Regretfully, the report falls short of keeping an accurate track of historic facts and concentrates mainly on the events of 1974, while omitting to elaborate on the ethnic cleansing campaign perpetrated by the Greek side against the Turkish Cypriots between 1963 and 1974.
The events of the 1960s were not just merely “inter-communal clashes or conflicts” as stated in the report. Nearly 30.000 Turkish Cypriots who were forced out from their homes became refugees in enclaves with no freedom of movement and deprived of basic necessities to survive. The armed campaign led to the destruction of 103 Turkish Cypriot villages along with all the mosques and holy places. Hundreds of Turkish Cypriots were murdered, wounded and taken as hostages.
This armed ethnic cleansing campaign, together with the expulsion of the Turkish Cypriots from the organs and institutions of the partnership State marked the inception of the Cyprus issue.
The Turkish intervention of 1974 was based on the necessity to protect Turkish Cypriots from persecution and violence as a guarantor power under 1960 Treaty of Guarantee following the Greek coup d’état aimed at annexing the island to Greece.
Therefore, the report’s reference to the Turkish intervention as “invasion” and the subsequent presence of Turkish troops in the island as “occupation” reflects neither the legal nor the historic realities of the island. None of the UN Security Council resolutions on Cyprus refers to the intervention and presence of Turkiye in the island as “invasion” or “occupation”.
The report also contains completely inaccurate statements and comments regarding President Erdogan who firmly supported the Annan Plan despite strong opposition in domestic politics.
The real problem is the perspective that accepts Greek Cypriots see themselves as the sole owners of the island and refuses the sharing of power and resources with the Turkish Cypriots, the co-owners of Cyprus.
Sadly, Turkish Cypriots, who accepted all proposals for a solution, have found themselves politically isolated through unjust embargoes.
Following half a century long negotiations, currently there is no shared vision between the two sides. The existing status quo is neither sustainable nor beneficial for anyone. This is the main reason for the significant political shift on the part of the Turkish Cypriots and Türkiye towards a sustainable solution.
Achieving common ground will only be possible through the reaffirmation of the sovereign equality and equal international status of the Turkish Cypriot people.
Thank you.
Türkiye, NR
20:39:54
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Dear President,
Dear Colleagues,
The peaceful life of Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots on the island was initially disrupted and destroyed by the Greek Cypriots’ agitation for “enosis”, then by their violations of the 1960 Partnership Republic Constitution and massacres of Turkish Cypriots.
The resulting Cyprus issue has been the subject of negotiations between the Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot peoples under the auspices of the United Nations since 1968.
Opting for a non-solution stance, the Greek Cypriots have always rejected all proposed solutions to the Cyprus issue.
Therefore, the main factor that both started the Cyprus issue and prevented a comprehensive settlement for years is the Greek Cypriot side and their intransigence.
With regard to Maraş, the main point that is ignored both in the draft resolution and often in the historical context is that almost all the land in the Maraş region essentially belongs to Ottoman foundations.
However, these properties were allocated during the short-lived British rule in the island to the Greeks and the British in violation of the legal provisions governing foundation properties.
The transfer of ownership of a foundation's land to individuals on the basis of long-term use is a transaction that violates the foundation's laws and, therefore, international law.
Even so, reflecting the solutionist approach they have adopted throughout history, the Turkish Cypriot side set up the Immovable Property Commission as an effective domestic remedy for claims relating to abandoned properties in Northern Cyprus, including the properties in Maraş.
The Immovable Property Commission is recognized as an effective remedy by the European Court of Human Rights and lifting of the military zone status of a pilot area of fenced-off area of Maraş corresponds to the work of the Commission.
On this basis, the Commission’s work contributes to the comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus Issue.
All in all, at this point today, I believe that the two-state solution advocated by the Turkish Cypriot side should be evaluated in the light of both historical facts and their approach to the Cyprus issue so far.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:42:32
Thank you.
Dear colleagues, I must now interrupt the list of speakers. The speeches of members on the speakers list who have been present during the debate but have not been able to speak may be given to the Table Office for publication in the Official Report. I remind colleagues that the type-written texts can be submitted, electronically if possible, no later than four hours after the list of speakers is interrupted.
I call Mr FASSINO, rapporteur, to reply.
You have 3 minutes.
Italy, SOC, Rapporteur
16:43:04
Thank you, President.
I also thank all those who have spoken.
I say this, we have 50 years of division behind us, there are many reasons for this crisis. There are responsibilities on both sides. But I believe that we cannot resign ourselves to considering this division as irreversible, because I believe that it is still possible to work toward reunification.
I want to emphasise to our Turkish friends, who have reiterated here, some have reiterated the inevitability of the two-state resolution, that the proposal of the bi-national, bi-communal federation recognises broad powers of self-government for the two constituent communities. That is, the federation is the holder of legal personality, it is the holder of foreign policy, it is the holder of single citizenship for all citizens of Cyprus, but most of the matters of powers then are transferred to the two communities and their organs, to the two constituent entities of the federation. So why at all costs do we have to insist instead on the inevitability of two states, when it is possible to build a unity of the island with great respect for the autonomy of the two communities and the community's capacity for self-government in a whole range of matters? All major matters that then affect the daily lives of citizens.
I therefore think that the indication that we give in our resolution, not to resign ourselves to the division, to continue to work so that a reunification process is achieved, is right, and I reiterate it. I also reiterate this. I have been to Cyprus in recent years, I have been to Ankara, I have been to Athens, and one thing struck me. When I met in Cyprus with nongovernmental organisations, cultural associations, university worlds, that is, pieces of civil society on both sides, I found much more willingness to work for unity than in the political forces.
I believe that all political forces should take this into account. There is a vibrant Cyprus society that wants to live in peace and on the basis of co-existence, and the solution that we put forward is a solution that accommodates this demand. I hope that the Cypriot political forces and the top leaders of the two communities will take up this demand of the citizenry, of civil society, and work, together with the international community, to arrive at a comprehensive solution within which to give a solution to the Varosha problem as well.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:46:28
Thank you.
Thank you, Mr Piero FASSINO.
Does the Chairperson of the Committee wish to speak. Ms Elisabetta GARDINI? 3 minutes.
Italy, EC/DA, Third Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
16:46:37
Thank you, Mister President.
Dear colleagues,
I would like to congratulate our rapporteur and my compatriot Mr Piero FASSINO for his tireless efforts to work producing a fair and objective report on this very difficult topic.
In fact, Cyprus has been divided for several decades now.
Varosha, a fenced-off area of the city of Famagusta, is a very symbol of this divide. Its residents had to fleet overnight 50 years ago, and still those who fled and their descendants wish to return to their city and regain the properties that they had to abandon.
This is the original meaning of the motion.
However, the case of Varosha is only a part of a broader picture.
The rapporteur has presented as much as he could the extremely diverging positions of the parties involved and the difficulties that lie on the path towards reconciliation.
However, the main trust of the draft resolution which is in front of us today is focused on the future, not the past. The resolution calls upon all parties involved to contribute to the swift resumption of the political process on a comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus problem and to refrain from any unilateral steps or public statements that could undermine the prospects for it.
As Varosha has a highly symbolic importance for the Greek Cypriots, the draft resolution stresses that returning Varosha to its lawful inhabitants would constitute a strong positive contribution towards reaching a comprehensive settlement.
As politicians, we all know how much words count. That is why there have been a whole lot of amendments presented by both sides involved. First at the meeting of the Committee in Oslo four weeks ago, and this week.
In an attempt to reach as much compromise as possible, the rapporteur has presented a series of supplements which were adopted by a large majority in the Committee this morning.
I encourage all colleagues to support them.
Finally, on behalf of the Committee, I call on all of you to support the resolution and we hope that the ongoing effort of the UN good offices will bear fruit and that we will see Cyprus reunited for the benefit of all Cypriots.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:49:37
Thank you, Ms Elisabetta GARDINI.
Dear colleagues, the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy has presented the draft resolution to which nine amendments have been tabled. They will be taken in the order in which they appear in the compendium.
I remind you that speeches on amendments are limited to 30 seconds.
And now I call Mr George LOUCAIDES to support Amendment 1. You have 30 seconds.
Cyprus, UEL
16:50:05
Thank you Mister Chairperson, Thank you Mister President.
With this Amendment we want to replace the words "the reaction of Türkiye" with the words "invasion of Türkiye in Cyprus", as it is described with this term in the explanatory memorandum of Mr Piero FASSINO but also in a previous recommendation of this organisation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
Why we ask this? Time's up? OK, sorry.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:50:49
OK.
You've made your point.
Who is against? Who wants to speak against?
Cyprus* [Resolution 1376 (2004)]
16:51:01
Actually, it should not be included because there is a resolution in 1974, Resolution 573, which was taken at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on 29 July 1974, expressly recognising Türkiye had exercised its right of intervention in accordance with Article 4 of the Treaty of Guarantee of 1960.
So this Assembly had already taken a resolution.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:51:37
Thank you.
What is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment?
Italy, EC/DA, Third Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
16:51:46
In favour by a large majority.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:51:50
I shall not put the Amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 1 is agreed.
I call Mr Konur Alp KOÇAK to support Amendment 6. You have 30 seconds.
Türkiye, NR
16:52:45
As everyone knows, it's a historical fact that the Turkish military intervention was initiated after the coup d'état and Türkiye intervened under Article 4 of the Treaty of Guarantee of 1960.
After some consultations with the other guarantors. Türkiye felt it was necessary to intervene and this way of presentation would reflect the truth.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:53:19
Thank you.
I've been informed that Mr Piero FASSINO wishes to propose a sub-amendment.
You have 30 seconds.
Italy, SOC, Rapporteur
16:53:30
Mister Chairman,
I propose to replace the words "within the framework of article 4" by the words "under the pretext of article 4".
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:53:54
Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-Amendment?
Cyprus* [Resolution 1376 (2004)]
16:54:00
Against the constitution class, against the resolution which had already been taken at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
The Assembly's resolution is clear.
So, therefore, I kindly remind you and if this decision is accepted, we are going to contradict ourselves. The word "invasion" had never been used. The official word is "intervention" and Mr Piero FASSINO had emphasised this in his report that it...
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:54:43
What is the opinion of the mover of the main amendment, Mister KOÇAK?
Dear colleagues, as you have noticed while we were debating I let all colleagues speak at least 30 seconds over. I will not tolerate it now.
You will speak 30 seconds strictly.
Mister KOÇAK.
Türkiye, NR
16:55:05
As already mentioned, it is "under the pretext" of phrase is not as we expected, which we don't agree because "under the pretext" sounds as if it is not in pursuant to the Treaty of Guarantee of 1960 but in reality, it was a right exercised in accordance with...
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:55:42
The Committee is obviously in favour.
I will now put this sub-Amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The sub-Amendment is accepted.
We will now consider the main Amendment as amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the Amendment as amended?
What is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment as amended, Ms Elisabetta GARDINI?
Italy, EC/DA, Third Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
16:56:43
In favour by a large majority.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:56:46
In favour by a large majority. OK. I have to repeat it because of the mic.
I shall now put Amendment 6 [as amended] to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 6 [as amended] is agreed.
I call Mr George LOUCAIDES to support Amendment 2.
You have 30 seconds.
Time is over, George.
Cyprus, UEL
16:57:57
I lost it.
Ah! With this Amendment we just try to show in a more accurate way the events of both 1964 and the events following with the invasion of Türkiye in July August 1974
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:58:24
I've been informed that Mr Piero FASSINO wishes to propose a sub-amendment.
Mister Piero FASSINO, you have the floor for 30 seconds.
Italy, SOC, Rapporteur
16:58:41
Yes, Mr. President,
I propose that in the seventh line of the Amendment the phrase "the Turkish invasion" be replaced with "the Turkish military intervention."
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:59:12
Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-Amendment?
What is the opinion of the mover of the main Amendment, Mr George LOUCAIDES?
Cyprus, UEL
16:59:25
We have no problem with the Amendment.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
16:59:30
You have no problem with the Amendment.
The Committee is obviously in favour.
I will now put the sub-amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The sub-amendment is agreed.
We will now consider the main Amendment as amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the Amendment as amended?
Mr Oğuzhan HASIPOĞLU.
Cyprus* [Resolution 1376 (2004)]
17:00:24
Well, we we have to clarify what issue. In 1974 Türkiye's intervention is the consequence of what happened in the past. What happened in the past is that Greece, in order to achieve the "Enosis" unification of island to Greece, Türkiye had prevented. So 1974 was the consequence of what the Greek Cypriots did to Turkish Cypriots in the past.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:00:55
What is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment, as amended?
Ms Elisabetta GARDINI?
Italy, EC/DA, Third Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
17:01:01
In favour by a large majority.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:01:08
I shall now put Amendment 2 [as amended] to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 2 [as amended] is agreed.
I call Mr Konur Alp KOÇAK to support amendment 7.
You have 30 seconds.
Türkiye, NR
17:01:43
It says the Immovable Property Commission (IPC) set up by Türkiye but, as you know, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a sovereign independent state and Türkiye has no right to establish a governmental institution in another state.
And, as acknowledged by the European Court of Human Rights's decision, it was set up or established by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) authorities.
So we should we would like to correct this factual mistake.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:02:17
Does anyone wish to speak against the Amendment?
Mr George LOUCAIDES, 30 seconds.
Cyprus, UEL
17:02:25
...such a state. TRNC is an illegal entity not recognised by any state in the world except Türkiye. There was no way that the European Court of Human Rights could have recognised directly or indirectly the so-called TRNC. The European Court of Human Rights clearly considers that the IPC as Türkiye's domestic remedy, and that's why we should reject this Amendment.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:03:00
What is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment?
Italy, EC/DA, Third Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
17:03:05
The opinion of the Committee is against.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:03:16
I shall not put the Amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 7 is rejected.
I call Ms Sandra ZAMPA to support Amendment 5. You have 30 seconds.
No, you have to insert your card. OK. Just insert the card and press it only once. Please, only once.
Can you please change the seat?
Italy, SOC
17:04:37
Yes, Chairman. Thank you.
We believe that this Amendment that has been discussed at length and has its rationale in the overall context should be supported.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:04:58
Does anyone wish to speak against the Amendment?
Yes, Mister Oğuzhan HASIPOĞLU.
Cyprus* [Resolution 1376 (2004)]
17:05:07
Mister President,
Again, if we accept this Amendment, we are going to contradict the European Court of Human Rights's decision.
I'm just referring to a case, the Xenides-Arestis case, which says that the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus authorities and the Demopoulos case, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus authorities enacted a law called 67-2005 as a relevant domestic law.
So this is in reference to the European Court of Human Rights's decision.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:05:41
What is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment?
Italy, EC/DA, Third Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
17:05:55
In favour by a large majority.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:05:59
I shall not put the Amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 5 is agreed to.
I call Mr Konur Alp KOÇAK to support Amendment 8.
You have 30 seconds.
Türkiye, NR
17:06:34
In this Amendment we are providing some concrete official data from the Immovable Property Commission (IPC) and it says in most cases to date, the IPC has ruled for compensation, which is quite normal because only 3.5% of the applications to the IPC claimed restitution, while the rest of them opted for compensation.
So this concrete data will clarify why the situation is that.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:07:07
Mr Piero FASSINO wishes to propose a sub-amendment.
Mr Piero FASSINO, you have the floor for 30 seconds.
Italy, SOC, Rapporteur
17:07:18
No, your amendment doesn't affect the meaning of the amendment. You simply refer to a set of data that may be constantly changing.
For example, in a week's time the data may not be this because other decisions have been made in the meantime. That's why I propose to delete the middle part of the amendment, which simply states figures that, let's say, can change. Instead, keep the first and last parts, which instead have political importance.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:08:05
Anyone wish to speak against the sub-Amendment?
What is the opinion of the mover of the main Amendment, Mister KOÇAK?
Türkiye, NR
17:08:17
We will abstain.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:08:23
You said that you will abstain?
OK.
The Committee is obviously in favour.
I will now put the sub-Amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The sub-Amendment is agreed.
We will now consider the main Amendment as amended.
Does anyone wish to speak against the Amendment as amended?
Now what is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment as amended?
Ms Elisabetta GARDINI?
Italy, EC/DA, Third Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
17:09:14
The opinion of the Committee is in favour by a large majority.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:09:21
I shall not put Amendment 8 as amended to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 8 as amended is agreed.
I understand that Mr Francesco VERDUCCI wishes to withdraw Amendment 4.
Does anyone else wish to move it?
Amendment 4 is withdrawn.
I now call Mr George LOUCAIDES to support Amendment 3. You have 30 seconds.
Cyprus, UEL
17:10:07
Mister Chair,
The reference, dear colleagues, to the so-called isolation is used by partisans on the Turkish side, both in Türkiye and the Turkish Cypriot community, to promote the recognition of the pseudo state.
Therefore, any reference to isolation – if there is any – is self-inflicted and the result of the ongoing Turkish occupation.
This is why any confidence-building measures should be done in accordance with international law.
And this is the proposal, to include "in accordance with international law".
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:10:44
Does anyone wish to speak against the Amendment?
We cannot hear you. Have you pressed the button?
Just once, please, and wait.
Cyprus* [Resolution 1376 (2004)]
17:11:00
What I would like to say, why we oppose it, because isolations are against Turkish Cypriots at the moment.
Because although we supported all the unification plans, unfortunately, we are the ones who are being penalised.
No direct flights, no direct trade, no sports relations.
Turkish Cypriots have never made a mistake to international community, but unfortunately, we are here only discussing a specific problem of Greek Cypriot property rights.
What happens to Turkish Cypriots' rights?
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:11:34
What is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment?
Italy, EC/DA, Third Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
17:11:39
In favour by a large majority.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:11:49
I repeat. Madam Elisabetta GARDINI, you said that the Committee is in favour by a large majority.
I shall now put Amendment 3 to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 3 is agreed.
I call now Mr Konur Alp KOÇAK to support Amendment 9. You have 30 seconds.
Türkiye, NR
17:12:24
Thank you, Mister President.
It says, "overcoming isolation" but it doesn't say who is under isolation. It is a statement, so we are trying to clarify that it is the Turkish Cypriots who are under isolation.
This is the main motivation for our amendment proposal.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:12:48
I have been informed that Mr Piero FASSINO wishes to propose a sub-amendment.
Mr Piero FASSINO, you have the floor.
Italy, SOC, Rapporteur
17:12:54
Yes, agreeing with the sense of the amendment proposed by the Turkish delegation, I propose two minor changes.
First of all, to delete the words "all forms" and "imposed".
So, the isolation of Turkish Cypriots is recognised but that we get rid of the "imposed" element that is in there. Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:13:32
Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-Amendment.
Mister Constantinos EFSTATHIOU, you have the floor for 30 seconds.
Cyprus, SOC
17:13:58
OK.
There is no isolation of Turkish Cypriots, what is really happening in Cyprus is that the Turkish Cypriots are prevented by the Turkish Army of using the ports and the airports of the Republic of Cyprus.
The isolation is for the Cyprus authorities when the ports and the airports of Türkiye do not accept the Cyprus ports and airports
So, there is no isolation.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:14:29
What is the opinion of the mover of the main Amendment, Mr Konur Alp KOÇAK?
Türkiye, NR
17:14:38
Requested in its Resolution 1376 in 2004 that Turkish Cypriots' international isolation must cease.
Sso for the sake of consistency with our previous resolutions, I think we should keep it as we proposed.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:15:08
The Committee is obviously in favour.
I will now put the sub-amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The sub-amendment is agreed.
We will now consider the main Amendment as amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the Amendment as amended?
No.
What is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment as amended? Ms Elisabetta GARDINI.
Italy, EC/DA, Third Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
17:16:00
It's in favour by a large majority.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:16:04
Thank you.
I shall now put Amendment 9 as amended to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 9 as amended is agreed.
We will not consider the main Amendment as amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the Amendment as amended?
What is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment as amended? Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS is not here.
Madam Elisabetta GARDINI?
Italy, EC/DA, Third Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
17:16:49
In favour.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:16:54
"In favour", you said.
I shall now put Amendment 9 as amended to the vote.
The vote is open.
Okay.
So, after this noise, we will now proceed with the vote on the draft resolution contained in Document 16004 as amended.
A simple majority is required.
The vote is open.
Okay. There is a technical problem. Please, be patient. I'm going to come back when it is solved.
So, the vote is open, it's still open.
I repeat, we vote for the draft resolution contained in Document 16004 as amended.
A simple majority is required.
Let's start voting or let's continue voting for those who haven't voted yet.
I see that most of the parliamentarians have already voted, so the vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The draft resolution in Document 16004 as amendment is adopted.
Greece, EPP/CD
20:30:01
During the discussion of amendments on the ‘Call for Varosha’s return to its lawful inhabitants’, I voted against amendment 3 by mistake. My intention was to vote in favour.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
17:19:03
Dear colleagues, the next item of business this afternoon is the debate on the report titled "Post-conflict time: defusing ticking time bombs for a safe return of displaced populations".
It is Document 15995, authored by Mr Domagoj HAJDUKOVIĆ and presented by Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO on behalf of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons.
In order to finish by 6:00 p.m., I will interrupt the list of speakers at about 5:45 p.m. to allow time for the reply and the vote.
Mister Oleksii GONCHARENKO, are you ready?
I call Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO, rapporteur.
As you know, you have 7 minutes now and 3 minutes at the end to reply to the debate.
When you are ready, you can start.
Ukraine, EC/DA, On behalf of Chairperson the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons
17:21:16
Dear colleagues, thank you very much.
Yes, yesterday here we had the Olympic flame, today's Zeus the thunder master is sending greetings to us, so it means a lot, I think.
And now we're moving to a very important debate: "Post-conflict time: defusing ticking time bombs for a safe return of displaced populations."
And I want to tell you, dear colleagues, that this report was crafted, prepared by Mr Domagoj HAJDUKOVIĆ, our former colleague, who I hope will be welcomed back soon in our Assembly but because he couldn't present it now to you after the elections in Croatia, that's why I will finish his job just for presenting this report to you today.
I just want to tell you one fact which struck me and I think will strike you. You know, just several days ago, we honoured the 80th anniversary of D-Day. France, the general of the free world, but after 80 years, nearly 15% of munition from the Second World War is still undetonated and hidden on French soil. Just imagine, after 80 years. And that's what makes this report so important.
Mr Domagoj HAJDUKOVIĆ was very interested in this topic because he is from Croatia and 33 years after the Yugoslav War in former Yugoslavia, the demining operation in Croatia and other countries continues.
And what can I say about my native country, Ukraine, which is still under attack with daily bombings from Russian troops during the Russian war of aggression. When you heard the thunder now, I heard the missile attacks, the bombing, because, like millions of Ukrainians, we are traumatised by this. And that says to us that a myriad of landmines block the occupied territories of Ukraine, that makes it so important for us.
Unfortunately, the 21st century became the time of resurgence of big war on European lands and that means that millions of shells, landmines and unexploded weapons are leaving their lasting mark on the continent's soil and water for decades ahead.
What is now a visible threat in my country will evolve into an invisible danger that persists for generations, such as in France, Germany, the Balkans, in Caucasian regions.
My esteemed colleagues, this is the lasting heritage that is left to the coming generations and this legacy poses two significant problems that have long-term consequences – the damage caused to civilians and the damage caused to the environment. Yes, civilians are victims of explosive weapons, especially in populated areas and in the long term with deaths, injuries and traumas.
Mass forced migrations due to explosive weapons with aggravated consequences for women and children.
At the end of June 2023, 110 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced from their homes due to persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations or events seriously disturbing public order – including almost 12 million of my fellow Ukrainian countrymen – half internally and half abroad.
Explosive weapons have devastating consequences on cities and lands, on basic needs and essential services, and they have had a detrimental effect on the environment for decades.
As parliamentarians, our responsibility is to unite and convey a shared message – let's encourage democracy, let's protect civilians who are too often collateral victims of conflicts.
This draft Resolution presented to you aims at proposing solutions. This is very important. We are not just speaking about the gravity of the situation. We are proposing the solutions to clear up territories of unexploded ordnance, protect civilians, promote the sustainable return and reintegration of forcibly displaced persons.
Welcoming the start of the border delimitation process between Armenia and Azerbaijan based on the 1991 Alma-Ata Declaration, we hope very much for sustainable peace in the North Caucasus. That's very important. Only empires like the Russian Empire are interested in continuing wars and instability there. We want to see peace. That's very important.
Praising the newly established Register of Damage caused by the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and I want to remind you that those who will suffer and are suffering from landmines and unexploded ordnance will be able to submit claims to the Register, which is very important. Unfortunately, we are speaking about thousands of Ukrainians now.
So, taking all this into account, I just want to tell you that, above all, the priority lies in ensuring the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of forcibly displaced populations after the end of hostilities.
So, I just want to say several things from our report. We recommend developing guidelines, recognising unexploded ordnance, training sessions for authorities, such as law enforcement officials on how to react to protect civilians. It also recommends developing specialised emergency medical care and psychological support for victims of landmines.
For a voluntary, safe and dignified return and reintegration of forcibly displaced persons, various solutions are proposed, such as covering the basic needs of these persons, reconstructing civilian infrastructure and boosting job markets through incentives.
Colleagues, it is crucial to involve the forcibly displaced persons themselves in order to ensure a successful return and reintegration of displaced people. Also refraining from deploying explosive weapons in populated areas.
So the last thing which I want to address your attention is that the draft resolution recalls the 2023 Reykjavík Declaration, and particularly the need to ensure human rights linked to the protection of the environment. Our member states should implement such commitments by joining in fully implementing the United Nations Convention and other conventions and developing environmentally oriented demining policies.
Dear colleagues, solutions largely depend on political will and international co-operation, that's why we have an essential role in our Assembly in this respect.
I sincerely appreciate your kind attention and understand that it was a very busy week and now on Thursday evening, those of you who are still here and working now with us, I just want to thank you very much for this because this is very important return and I am looking forward to hearing the debates and I am asking for your support of this essential draft Resolution.
Thank you very much.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
17:29:20
Well, thank you, Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO
We will now start with speakers on behalf of the political groups.
And first I call Mr Yuriy KAMELCHUK on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party (EPP).
You have 3 minutes.
Ukraine, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group
17:29:32
Dear Chairman, honourable members of the Parliamentary Assembly,
I would like to thank our excellent rapporteur, Mr Domagoj HAJDUKOVIĆ.
The use of explosive weapon weapons in populated areas has significantly escalated forced displacement causing several civilian causalities, injuries, and trauma, disproportionally affecting women and children.
Despite international protections, the harsh reality persists but is particularly highlighted in conflict zones like Ukraine. Immediate actions are required to address this crisis.
The report calls on member states to restrict the use of explosive weapons in urban areas, clear landmines and unexploded ordnances, ensuring the safe, dignified, and sustainable return of displaced populations. It advocates for involving affected communities, in recovery efforts providing essential services and pushing for a ban on explosive weapons in populated areas to foster peace and stability in Europe.
Authorities must also prioritise the complex needs of returning displaced persons, including addressing trauma and ensuring areas are de-mined and safe for return and ensuring no refugees are forced back to dangerous conditions. Together, forced displacement policies must limit the use of explosive weapons in populated areas, particularly those causing extensive area damage.
The military should modify weapon designs to minimise collateral harm and adopt safer warfare tactics.
States should also enforce regulations against white-impact explosives and explore alternative methods as endorsed by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
Clearing landmines and unexploded ordnance demands co-operation between governments and military forces.
States need to adhere to and enforce conventions against landmines and cluster munitions, focusing on environmental preservation during ordnance removal.
Dunja Mijatovic highlighted the importance of raising public awareness and boosting international support for demining.
Educational campaigns should inform civilians about the dangers of unexploded ordnance and train law enforcement to protect especially vulnerable populations.
A state-led initiative, as proposed by the UN, should focus on political commitments to decrease the use of explosive weapons in populated areas, thereby protecting civilians and ensuring adherence to international humanitarian law.
For voluntary reparation, especially in an adequately diverse context, forming agreements between refugees and origin countries involving UNHCR, displaced populations, and civil society can assess the safety and voluntarity of returns.
Member states should also adopt comprehensive measures to facilitate the safe and dignified return of displaced persons.
The report aligns with the 2023 Reykjavík declaration and the Council of Europe's priorities linking human rights and environmental protection, urging states to incorporate environmental consideration in post-conflict demining efforts.
Thank you.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
17:32:44
Thank you very much.
Our next call, Ms Lesia VASYLENKO, on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.
Ukraine, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group
17:32:52
Thank you, President.
On behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group, I would like to thank the Rapporteur for his extensive report which brings up important issues such as immediate and long-term harm to civilians caused by explosive weapons, large-scale forced displacements resulting from the use of explosive weapons, the damage to essential infrastructure, the economy and food security, long term and cross-border environmental damage.
The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group fully agrees with the recommendations of the report and in particular that armed forces should avoid the use of explosive weapons in populated areas, member states should develop concrete measures to facilitate the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return and reintegration of forcibly displaced persons, and that states should develop awareness-raising campaigns on the behaviour of civilian population vis-a-vis landmines and unexploded ordinances.
As mentioned by the rapporteur, the topic of the resolution is especially relevant in the case of Ukraine, which continues to suffer the effects of Russia's aggression.
With one third of the country's territory covered in landmines and unexploded ordinances, Ukraine today is the most explosive contaminated country in the world. 174 000 square kilometres which include woodland, fields, farmland, lakes, rivers and the coastline and sea. Villages, towns and cities are also no exception.
In fact, explosives in urban areas pose the biggest problem. People are eager to return home the moment home is liberated and back under the Ukrainian flag. These very people are the immediate victims who are bound to step on landmines or touch the very dangerous souvenirs left by the Russian army.
On a daily basis, local authorities publish stories of boys and girls being taken to emergency rooms because of shrapnel wounds and torn-off limbs.
Out of the 664 registered incidents involving explosive devices, 297 civilians died.
At the rate demining is happening today, it is estimated that it will take between 30 and 40 years to make all of Ukraine safe again.
This is too long in the world of modern technology and a vast knowledge base accumulated from conflicts past.
To expedite the diffusion and clearance we need to bring in more demining operators.
Today 42 companies have been certified, and 53 more are undergoing registration in Ukraine.
We need to bring up the number of qualified deminers to at least 10 000. We only have 3 500 at the moment.
We need more equipment, more training and more money to fund the operations.
International partners have allocated 700 million dollars for demining at the moment. The actual amount needed is 37 billion dollars. A rather big difference if you ask me. But also, an important task which requires a lot of effort on so many levels and on all our parts.
Demining is yet another area where solidarity is needed for a long-lasting solution and the guaranteed safe return of millions of displaced persons to their homes.
Let us continue advocating and petitioning for increased financial allocations, particularly to support The HALO Trust, MAG, and other international and local demining organisations who are all involved and each of them much needed in the field.
Let our work continue actively and never stall to make all parts of our Earth safe and secure for all.
Thank you.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
17:35:59
Thank you very much.
I now call Mr Paul GAVAN, on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left.
You have 3 minutes.
Ireland, UEL, Spokesperson for the group
17:36:09
Thank you very much, Mister Chairperson.
I want to begin by congratulating the rapporteur on an excellent piece of work and a very timely report.
I want to give particular mention to mister Mr Domagoj HAJDUKOVIĆ, who was a fine member of this Assembly and a particularly active member of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons. He deserves great credit for the work on this report.
It may be important to point out that the key themes of this report apply to a number of conflicts, not just the consequences of the illegal war and occupation of Ukraine. There is understandably many references to the war in Ukraine, and rightly so and this report has many fine recommendations as to how we can provide more support for the displaced people from this conflict. All of those should be supported.
As the rapporteur points out, civilians in areas of war and occupation are heavily affected by explosive weapons. Nowhere is this more true than in Gaza, where the equivalent of four nuclear weapons the size of those dropped on Hiroshima have fallen within that narrow strip of land that measures just 25 miles long and 6 miles wide.
In fact, Israel has dropped more than 70 000 tons of bombs on the Gaza Strip since last October, far surpassing all of the bombing of Dresden, Hamburg, and London combined during World War II.
This report calls upon member states to consider the best legal and practical solutions to tackle the use of explosive weapons and to facilitate the removal of landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Of course, one key step that member states could immediately implement would be to stop supplying those weapons of mass destruction to Israel in the first place. I’m speaking directly to members from Germany and Britain in particular here, but we must also call out the shameful role that the US in particular continues to play in the ongoing genocide in Gaza.
Indeed, my only criticism of the draft resolution is that it really should refer to Gaza as well as Ukraine. It seems odd in the context of what’s happening to have no reference to the ongoing genocide. It’s as if this institution does not want to acknowledge what is going on in Gaza which, of course, is exactly the case.
The original call to ratify and fully implement anti-personnel landmines and anti-cluster munitions conventions is timely, especially given the prevalence of cluster munitions in these conflicts. It is to be regretted that this call is to be watered down by an amendment later on.
When we talk about displaced people we must also remember the 100 000 human beings who have been ethnically cleansed from Nagorno-Karabakh. They have absolutely no prospect of return. The actions of the Azerbaijan regime ultimately led to the non acceptance of the credentials of the Azerbaijan Delegation to this Assembly. I believe we need to see positive and credible proposals from Azerbaijan before this Assembly rushes to welcome them back.
To summarise, the Group of the Unified European Left fully subscribe to all of the recommendations in this report and warmly welcomes it.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
17:39:02
Thank you very much.
I now call on Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ, on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.
You have 3 minutes.
Switzerland, SOC, Spokesperson for the group
17:39:10
Thank you, Mister Vice-President.
Conflicts are accompanied by horrors and destruction, but even after peace has been established, the land still bears the scars of war. The best example, the worst example, the example of the worst, is Verdun. There are unexploded munitions, buried mines, and sometimes even small toy-like objects that trap children.
Reclaiming land for daily life and cultivation is a huge risk, with deaths, amputations, and shattered lives. We all have in mind the images of Handicap International, which in certain countries around the world is busy giving a semblance of life to people who have lost a leg or an arm. It's truly terrible and unacceptable. In an ideal world, these treacherous weapons should disappear.
Earlier, my colleague spoke of the Convention on anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions. All this is still a great deal of work. For years to come, the problem of landmines will be a sword of Damocles for countries that have experienced war.
We need to organise systematic mine clearance in the areas concerned. It's an enormous task. Close to home, there was the former Yugoslavia; tomorrow Ukraine, Gaza of course. We've also had the same problems in Cambodia and in many African countries.
There are many ways of doing this and, in fact, great progress has been made in trying to clear landmines more quickly. For example, we can grid the terrain with men sifting through every square meter: it's slow, it's dangerous, and there are quite a few accidents. Now there are demining machines. In my country, we've developed some interesting machines, some of which will be exported to Ukraine. New techniques are planned, notably with the help of drones.
When you start demining, it takes years. In Mozambique, it took ten to twenty years; and in Ukraine and Gaza, it will be the same thing. These things are essential for reconstruction and aid to populations, and humanitarian demining will be a priority to enable displaced people to return home.
It's going to be very expensive. In Ukraine, for example, tens and tens of thousands of square kilometres were mentioned earlier. My country, Switzerland, has earmarked an investment of 100 million euros over four or five years. This is indeed one of the essential aspects of bringing peace where there has been war, whether in Gaza, Ukraine or elsewhere.
The best thing would be to stop using these weapons.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
17:42:07
Thank you very much.
That concludes the list of speakers on behalf of political groups.
We will now continue with the rest.
In the debate, I call next Lord Leslie GRIFFITHS.
You have 3 minutes.
United Kingdom, SOC
17:42:22
Thank you, President and members.
I, like others, want to pay my proper tribute to the compiler of this report, who has served the Assembly in general so well over such a long time. Mr Domagoj HAJDUKOVIĆ is going to be greatly missed, but his legacy is with us, and we are grateful.
I want to start also by saying that so many of the little points I wanted to make have been picked up adequately by others before me.
But I do want to associate myself with Mr Paul GAVAN and his speech just a moment ago and with five Ukrainian speakers in the shortlist. It's so important to recognise their proper concerns and to set them in the context of a much wider phenomenon which affects us all and which indeed the report I think picks up.
I want to be a little bit personal, if I may. My daughter, who's here in Strasbourg with me at the moment, spent 10 years in Cambodia.
Southeast Asia suffered terribly during the Vietnam War of these sorts of munitions being dropped from aeroplanes, American aeroplanes, in Laos, in Vietnam and Cambodia. She was a volunteer helping a lawyer to get sworn affidavits from young women who'd been rejected by the sex trade, the tourist sex trade in Thailand. To do that she had to go up into the mountains of Cambodia to get these personal testimonies. She had, in the rainy season especially, to feel her way along the paths in case there were unexploded bombs present. For a father, to know that his daughter is doing that is just a tiny amount of the pain that those more directly affected must feel also.
Now, my proposal would be quite simply really. In 1997, there was a treaty to eliminate landmines, the Ottawa Treaty, 1997.
In 2008, there was the Convention on Cluster Munitions, Dublin and Oslo.
We have statements on these two forms of arms. Isn't it time to bring them out of mothballs, sharpen them up, and make them apply to the present world, and to get more countries to ratify them than ratified them all those years ago?
What about adding a convention on drones? The new form of doing warfare?
Once again, using the instruments we've got in order to make the conscience of the world feel touched and to get subscriptions to the direction of travel that these conventions actually give us.
I'm so pleased that Gordon Brown, who was the Labour Party Prime Minister in 2008, resisted American pressure. He insisted on never again from Britain sending, I know there are other infractions, but cluster bombs. We have not produced them since 2008. I wish that were the case everywhere.
260 million bomblets in Southeast Asia, 80 million never exploded, 7 000 people killed over the intervening decades.
It's time we did something substantial on this front.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
17:45:56
Thank you very much.
I now call Mr Pavlo BAKUNETS.
You have 3 minutes.
Ukraine, EC/DA
17:46:03
Dear Mister Chairman, dear members of the Assembly.
First of all, thank you for your support for Ukraine this week here – for your support for Ukraine all the time.
It is very important to think about the post-conflict time. But I want to underline that now in these seconds, war continues in my country. A war that Russia started against Ukraine. A war that destroys lives, nature, childhood, infrastructure – it is destroying everything. A war which leaves thousands of ticking time bombs on our Ukrainian territory. Perhaps not many of you had the opportunity to see the beauty of nature and to feel that atmosphere of life in Ukranian European territories before the war – Kherson steppes, Donbass tericons, the unique landscapes of Crimea, Kharkiv crowded with students or Odesa crowded with tourists with the economy. It's successful: Ukrainian European territories that are full of life, full of economy and full of people. But Russian missiles, bombs and mines have changed everything. They ruin everything they reach – village by village, town by town, city by city, Sievierodonetsk, Popasna, Bakhmut, Avdiivka, the list is long.
Unfortunately, thousands of Ukrainian civilians were killed by Russian missiles and bombs. And it's very likely that, right now, another Russian bomb brought death and destroyed a Ukrainian town.
This report, it is very important. It suggests that we consider the best legal and practical solutions to fight against the use of explosive weapons and I absolutely agree with this idea. All the problems in Europe mentioned in the report were caused by one country – Russia – but united European countries have a chance to solve this problem.
To conclude, I ask all member states to provide Ukraine with more air defence systems to protect our lives and to reduce the need to diffuse large amounts of time-ticking bombs.
Thank you.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
17:49:17
Thank you very much.
I now call Mr Francesco SORBARA.
You have 3 minutes.
Canada
17:49:25
Thank you, Mister Chair.
Dear colleagues, good afternoon again to you.
I first would like to state that Canada remain steadfast in its support of Ukraine sovereignty and territorial integrity, and always will support the brave Ukrainian people men and women fighting for their freedom and democracy.
I am very happy to see and to have read, as state in the draft resolution, that the establishment of the Register of Damage caused by the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which has started receiving claims for damages, loss, or injuries caused since 24 February 2022. I know with much satisfaction that victims of landmines and unexploded ordnance will thereby be able to submit claims to the register, including claims related to violations of personal integrity, loss of lives of loved ones, and loss of property, income, and livelihoods.
I wish to thank the Rapporteur for the report.
Honourable colleagues, the international campaign to ban landmines reported that in 2022 children accounted for 71% of all casualties from cluster munition remnants where the age was known. Landmines and cluster munitions are considered the most common military weapon, and while there are concerted efforts to remove landmines around the world, there remain unexploded ordnance from the First World War. And new landmines are being placed, every day, in farm fields, urban environments, playgrounds, soccer fields, displacing populations for years.
Canada remains steadfast in its efforts to eliminate landmines and unexploded ordnance with two equal policy priorities: assisting mine-affected states as part of a larger development support initiatives and efforts through Canada's peace and stabilisations operations program which focuses on stabilising conflict-affected states and putting in place the conditions for sustainable peace.
We continue to support demining efforts globally by assisting in related United Nations operations, supporting organisations like the international campaign to ban landmines and providing training, education, and funding for mine clearing.
The HALO Trust, a non-governmental organisation, that has received 2 million dollars in funding from the Canadian government, is working metre by metre to clear mines in Peremoha as well as in Chernihiv and other areas ravaged by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Former Canadian parliamentarian and a friend of the Council of Europe as the recipient of the North-South Prize, Lloyd Axworthy has advocated for the eradication of landmines for over three decades and is one of the main influences that led to the Ottawa Treaty to ban landmines.
To quote Mister Axworthy, "We need to pass on to a new generation that there is an opportunity to do something that would be great for the human spirit, to be able to say we finally, as an international community, got rid of one of the worst killers the world has ever developed". I would say the worst killer of children.
As an active player in the eradication of landmines and support in providing safe returns to those that are displaced by them, the government of Canada will continue to be dedicated the goals of the Treaty and work with all our partners to bring displaced populations home.
As we approach the 27th anniversary of the Ottawa Treaty this December, let us remember how far we have come.
But we must also look ahead to the actionable steps that will help us make and make the international community, including the brave men and women in Ukraine, safer and we must go further.
Thank you.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
17:52:51
Thank you very much.
I now call Ms Olena MOSHENETS.
You have 3 minutes.
Ukraine, ALDE
17:52:59
Thank you, Mr Domagoj HAJDUKOVIĆ for this important report.
Today this is especially relevant for Ukraine, whose territory where a bloody war caused by the aggression of the Russian Federation is taking place.
As a result of hostilities, Ukraine is currently the most mined country in the world. Since the full-scale invasion, Ukrainian territory has been contaminated with almost 500 000 explosive objects, including mines, bombs, artillery shells and others.
This pollution covers 30% of the entire territory of the country – more than 180 000 square kilometres, which is roughly the size of some European countries.
Since 2014, almost 700 people have been killed and almost 2 000 people have been injured by explosive devices in Ukraine, among them, almost 250 children.
I would like to tell you about several terrible cases of what Ukrainians face every day. A seven-year-old boy was injured by an explosion when he picked up a part of an anti-personnel mine while walking in the park. A Ukrainian family was blown up by a Russian anti-tank mine: the mother and father died and their two children were seriously injured.
Recently, another sowing campaign was finished in Ukraine. The Ukrainian farmers constantly face an increased risk of death and injury in order to harvest. Some areas this year decreased by 7 million hectares compared to the pre-war figure of 29 hectares due to the contamination of agricultural land with explosive objects. This goes closest in the amount of $225 million.
Since 2014, Ukraine has cleaned areas contaminated with explosives. Last year, more than 3 million square kilometres were demined and nearly 275 000 explosive objects were naturalised.
So we support Mr Domagoj HAJDUKOVIĆ's report and would like to thank the international community for supporting Ukraine in its fight against the Russian aggressor and for helping to demine Ukrainian territories.
Thank you.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
17:55:43
Thank you very much.
I now call Mr Armen RUSTAMYAN.
You have 3 minutes.
Armenia, SOC
17:55:56
Mister Vice-Chairman,
Dear Colleagues,
The safe return of the displaced populations of Nagorno-Karabakh is not necessarily being hampered by ticking time bombs, but more precisely by the Government of Azerbaijan. First of all, following the military aggression and after ten months of blockade imposed by the Azerbaijani authorities, recognised as an announced and planned operation of ethnic cleansing, Azerbaijan finally forced the mass exodus of all Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh. To put it plainly, Azerbaijan drove the Armenians out of their own homes on a "suitcase or coffin" basis.
At this very moment, Azerbaijan is destroying Armenian cultural and religious monuments and heritage in Nagorno-Karabakh in order to erase all traces of Armenian Christian and cultural heritage. In addition, there is the very worrying problem of Armenian prisoners of war, civilians and other captives, as well as all representatives of Nagorno-Karabakh currently detained in Azerbaijan.
The Assembly continues to call on Azerbaijan to release all these prisoners immediately. Indeed, there are legitimate concerns about Armenian detainees who are in prison and seeking justice in a country where the Assembly itself notes so many problems in the judicial system, in the field of human rights and in the prevention of torture.
Finally, Azerbaijan refuses to resolve disputes by peaceful means and is encouraged by the results of the last war to constantly resort to force or the threat of force to achieve its selfish objectives. Thus, threatening war on a larger scale, Baku demands vital concessions on the other side. Azerbaijan still declares that it has solved the Nagorno-Karabakh problem through war, and proclaims that Nagorno-Karabakh no longer exists as a territorial ethnic entity.
All this highlights the sine qua non conditions for guaranteeing the security and collective right of return of the Armenian people of Nagorno-Karabakh. In this sense, until a comprehensive settlement of the conflict is reached, the collective return of the people to their original home must be ensured, unhindered and in complete safety. The return must be based on full respect for the rights of those who have been repressed and forcibly displaced as a result of ethnic cleansing.
In conclusion, the precedent of the ghost town of Varosha in Cyprus, which has the status defined by the relevant UN Security Council resolutions, could serve as a good example for creating appropriate conditions also for the collective return of the people of Nagorno-Karabakh.
Thank you.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
17:59:23
Thank you very much.
I now call Ms Nicole HÖCHST.
You have 3 minutes.
All right, she seems not to be here.
Then I call Ms Olena KHOMENKO.
You have 3 minutes.
And this will be the last person of this debate.
Ukraine, EC/DA
17:59:52
Thank you.
Dear colleagues, we deem the discussion on the critical issue of the explosive remnants of war as critical for the future of the country. It is evident that our country is suffering really the most extensive impact of vast parts of our territory, and we will have to be creative to liberate our lands not only from Russians but also from remnants of war left by them.
Indeed these weapons have devastating effects on civilians causing immediate casualties and long-term trauma. They destroy infrastructure, disrupt essential services, and contaminate the environment, hindering economic recovery and development for decades.
International instruments like the Ottawa and Oslo Conventions are important in addressing these challenges. While we do recognise the importance in reducing human suffering, we must also consider our national security concerns. Balancing humanitarian obligations with self-defence capabilities is essential for Ukraine. It is crucial for Ukraine.
Our country values these Conventions but recognises the need for a nuanced approached to ensure our defence.
I would like to recall the Article 51 of the UN Charter. The Assembly, I hope, will reiterate and designate the legitimate right of its member states to defend their territorial integrity against ongoing or imminent aggression with all their might and all the means at their disposal, and will call on the international community to uphold its efforts to support Ukraine in every way possible. We fight with every means we have in our hands, because we have very limited means.
To address these priorities, these dual priorities, we propose investing in advanced technologies for demining and explosive detection and developing alternative defensive measures. Enhancing international co-operation and technical assistance will be pivotal in achieving this goals.
Our commitment remains strong on diminishing human suffering and promoting a safer environment; however, we must recognise the importance of a nuanced approach that considers our unique security landscape. This might involve maintaining certain defensive measures while rigorously ensuring compliance with international humanitarian law and exploring steps towards safer alternatives.
We count on understanding of the challenges we face and recognition of our security concerns and our rights.
Thank you, dear colleagues.
Canada
20:40:24
Speech not pronounced (Rules of Procedure, Art. 31.2), only available in French
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
18:03:23
Thank you very much.
I must now interrupt the list of speakers.
The speeches of members on the speakers list who have been present during the debate but have not been able to speak may be given to the table offers for publication in the official report.
I remind colleagues that the type written text can be submitted electronically, if possible, no later than 4 hours after the list of speakers is interrupted.
I now call on Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO, rapporteur, to reply you.
You have 3 minutes.
Ukraine, EC/DA, On behalf of Chairperson the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons
18:03:55
Thank you very much.
Thank you to all colleagues who took part in the debate. Thank you.
I think everybody agreed that it is a very important report, very timely.
Thank you very much for supporting it.
I think everybody agrees, so it's nothing to react on. But just I want to to ask all of you to vote for this report. It's very important.
I would like once again to thank both Mr Domagoj HAJDUKOVIĆ. I'm sure he will hear us for his job. Also I would like to thank our brilliant Secretariat of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons, which did a fantastic job on this report and in general.
Thank you very much, and let us move to voting for this very timely and important report.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
18:05:29
Thank you very much.
The debate is closed.
The Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons has presented the draft Resolution to which four amendments have been tabled.
They will be taken in the order in which they appear in the compendium.
I remind you that speeches on amendments are limited to 30 seconds.
I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendment 3 to the draft Resolution which was unanimously approved by the Committee should be declared approved.
Is that so, Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO?
Ukraine, EC/DA, Chairperson for the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons
18:06:09
Yes.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
18:06:11
If no one objects, I will consider the amendment to be approved.
Is there an objection?
If there is, we will need to verify that the objection has the required number of support of 10 people.
Please could those who object raise their hand?
No objection.
So, Amendment 3 to the draft resolution is therefore approved and will be not be called.
I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendment 1 to the draft of resolution, which was rejected by the Committee with a two-thirds majority be declared as rejected.
Is that so, Mister Oleksii GONCHARENKO?
Ukraine, EC/DA, Chairperson for the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons
18:06:52
Yes, absolutely.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
18:06:55
So, if no one objects, I will consider the Amendments to be rejected.
Is there an objection?
If there is, we will need to verify that the objection has the required to support of 10 people.
Please, could those who object raise their hand?
That seems not to be the case.
So Amendment 1 to the Draft Resolution is therefore rejected.
I now call Ms Olena KHOMENKO to support Amendment 4.
You have 30 seconds.
Ukraine, EC/DA
18:07:43
Dear colleagues,
Actually this amendment corresponds to the amendment, previous Amendment 3, where we keep for countries, for member states, who have to defend their territorial integrity and sovereignty like Ukraine, to have the right for self-defence against ongoing aggression.
Here we propose the wording "consider ratifying".
Thank you, dear colleagues.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
18:08:30
Does anyone wish to speak against the Amendment?
It seems not to be the case.
What is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment?
Ukraine, EC/DA, Chairperson for the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons
18:08:41
The Committee supported this Amendment with more than a two-thirds majority.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
18:08:53
The Committee is in favour.
I shall not put amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the results to be displayed.
The amendment is accepted.
I now call on Ms Olena KHOMENKO to support Amendment 2.
You have 30 seconds.
Ukraine, EC/DA
18:09:53
Here is the proposal.
Instead of "banning the drones", which are crucial and which are vital means for Ukrainian self-defence, instead of these, we propose to put the wording the sentence, you see the Amendment but we would like to call on member states to consider implementing rules on the responsible use of combat drones, in particular when they are loaded with munitions with the wide area effects.
Instead of "banning the drones", which are vital for our existing and saving the lives of Ukrainians, we propose to develop the rules of their usage.
Thank you, dear colleagues.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
18:10:41
Thank you very much.
Does anyone wish to speak against this Amendment?
It seems not to be the case.
What is the opinion of the Committee on the Amendment?
[voice off]
Ukraine, EC/DA, Chairperson for the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons
18:10:58
The Committee is in favour with more than a two-thirds majority.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
18:11:03
So the Committee is in favour.
I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
And the vote is open.
And the vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
And Amendment 2 is agreed.
We will now proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Document 15995 as amended. A simple majority is required.
The vote is open.
And the vote is closed.
I call for the results to be displayed.
And the draft resolution in Document 15995 as amended is adopted.
Congratulations.
Sweden, EC/DA, President of the Assembly
18:12:33
The next item of business this afternoon is a current affairs debate on the "War in Gaza: ensuring the release of the hostages, the implementation of an immediate ceasefire and the provision of humanitarian aid".
Speaking time is limited to 3 minutes for all members, except the first speaker, chosen by the Bureau.
The debate will end at 7:10 p.m.
I call Mr Piero FASSINO.
You have 7 minutes now, and 3 minutes at the end to reply to the debate.
Italy, SOC
18:13:15
Thank you, Chairman,
I have visited the past few weeks, as Chairman of the Middle East sub-committee of this Assembly, Israel and Palestine, and I therefore believe that the issue that has been placed on the agenda should be framed in the evolving situation on the ground. The situation as we know today is deadlocked, it is deadlocked because two different interpretations of the UN resolution are opposing each other.
Israel is calling for the release of hostages as a condition for initiating a ceasefire, and Hamas is calling for a ceasefire as a condition for releasing hostages. This opposing interpretation blocks the implementation of the resolution. What follows is that the war continues, the number of victims who we say are suffering from this condition continues and today, we are in the presence not only of a war in Gaza that continues, and continues in a bloody way, with severe suffering for the civilian population, but we all know that for the last few weeks, the position on the border between Israel and Lebanon has been getting worse and worse and that there is a risk of an extension and regionalisation of the conflict.
In this situation, we have to be aware that the war is producing lacerations both in Israeli society and in the Palestinian camp. In Israeli society, there is an increasingly clear contrast between Netanyahu, his government and the strategy of liquidation of Hamas that Netanyahu is pursuing. The opposition is calling for a change of strategy, of course without stopping the fight against Hamas, but with the goal of conducting this fight differently from how it has been conducted so far, especially respecting international law and trying to contain the number of casualties.
There is a movement, an opposition movement, which is very broad, and has resulted in huge demonstrations. There is a big date in a few days when a million Israeli citizens are expected to mobilise to demand a change of strategy and to get out of a condition of permanent war.
I think all of this indicates the deep laceration that Israeli society is experiencing and moreover, the decision of Minister Gantz and Minister Eisenkot, who were part of the emergency committee created by Netanyahu to abandon it, is also another sign of the laceration that runs through Israeli society.
However, there is laceration also in the Palestinian camp because in the Palestinian camp, it is clear that Hamas is representing a strong presence not only militarily, but also politically.
Polls, and many polls in recent weeks, tell us that 80% of the Palestinian population, especially young people, express sympathy for Hamas. This is not to say that they are for Hamas but nevertheless, we need to know that there is a piece of the broad Palestinian population that looks sympathetically at what Hamas is doing, and this represents an objective weakening of the Palestinian National Authority, President Abu Mazen and his force.
These tears produce uncertainties on two political fronts. What to do with Gaza after the war is over? The hypothesis is to start an independent Palestinian Gaza personality committee, supported by moderate Arab countries acting under the PNA umbrella. The unresolved issue is how to ensure the security of Gaza because Israel does not feel it should entrust security to this committee. So there is an unresolved point of uncertainty here, and uncertainty also about the resolution of the conflict.
We here, as an all-international forum, approve documents that say: two peoples, two states. I too advocate that the solution is "two peoples, two states". I have to tell you very clearly, out of honesty, that all the Israeli interlocutors, whom I have met – including those who have always supported the two peoples, two states solution – say that the conditions for this solution are not there today.
I say this because this is a sensitive nerve point, however, it is a point. Netanyahu does not want the two peoples, two states solution and we know that. But even in those who oppose Netanyahu, the overwhelming majority think that a relationship of trust was broken after the 7 October 2023 massacre and that there are no conditions for putting that solution on the ground. This means that that solution in my view is the only one that can guarantee stability and peace. However, the problem is how to rebuild conditions that will allow that solution, which today seems very far away, to be set in motion again.
In the last few days, a group of Palestinian personalities, who have held important roles in the Palestinian Authority and The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), have launched an appeal, a proposal to revitalise the PLO, refound the PLO – including Hamas – with the conviction that if the Palestinian camp does not present a united front, it will be difficult to put in place a solution that recognises the right of the Palestinian people to have a state.
It is suggestive as a proposal and, of course, very difficult. It recalls what the PLO did in the 1980s – when in the late 1980s it changed its charter and changed its position from denial of the state of Israel to recognition of it. Change that allowed the start of the path that later led to the Oslo and Washington Accords. That group of Palestinian personalities envisions the same path for Hamas. Yet, to date, there are no signs of such an evolution and it is clear that such an evolution only makes sense if Hamas renounces its strategy of denying Israel's right to exist.
Within this framework – I will end chairman – is the humanitarian situation. The humanitarian situation continues to be very serious. The number of displaced people is approaching 1.5 million out of a population of 2.5 million. A huge housing stock has been destroyed. Those who are displaced can no longer use these homes. The numbers are huge.
Health services are at an end. A high number of children and women have been victims – either because they died or because they were injured in the Gaza war. And so, this issue is a crucial one that we have to continue to work on.
It has slightly improved – the delivery of humanitarian aid from the crossings – I insist slightly improved. I witnessed this firsthand by going to the crossings. At the crossings at the Israel-Gaza border today there are a very high number of trucks carrying means. At the Kerem Shalom crossing alone, where I have been, 300 trucks of humanitarian aid enter every day while before 7 October 2023, 80 trucks would enter daily.
However, there is a big distribution problem. When the products arrive there, the distribution is very cumbersome, very complicated, and it's not immediate. And so even sending a lot of stuff, if it's not distributed in a timely manner, it has less effect and yet we still have to support it.
In conclusion, I think our Assembly needs to reiterate the line that the international community has taken so far: to implement the UN resolution before the conflict spreads even further. Release the hostages, cease-fire, forward humanitarian aid and start a political path.
I have discussed this at length in Palestine and in Israel with my interlocutors. Both the Israeli and Palestinian delegations of our council are in constant contact and have been part of these talks. I believe that we must intensify our assembly's relations with the Knesset and the Palestinian National Council to facilitate and support the implementation of the UN resolution.
Thank you, President.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:23:15
Thank you, Mister Piero FASSINO.
You have used the time for your second response, as you understand, speaking 10 minutes, since you have 7 plus 3.
So now I'll give the floor to Mr Paul GAVAN on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left.
Paul.
Ireland, UEL
18:23:32
Thank you, Mister President.
On behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left I will begin with a quotation from a courageous Jewish academic, one of many.
His name is Prof Amos Goldberg, a Holocaust and Genocide Researcher at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
He said, “It is so difficult and painful to admit it, but Jewish history will henceforth be stained with the mark of Cain for the most horrible of crimes which cannot be erased. Yes, it is genocide.”
Here we are, nine months into a genocide of the people of Gaza. Nine months of slaughter, mainly of women and children.
As of 24 June, the estimate was that 37 626 people who had been slaughtered, including more than 15 000 children. Maybe I’ll pause here just to let that sink in. More than 15 000 innocent children have had their lives destroyed in the most horrendous of circumstances.
In addition, more than 86 000 people have been injured. Thousands of these injured, including thousands of children, have faced surgery without anaesthetic, including amputations.
There is another 10 000 missing, at least.
Yet this institution, so strong and forthright in its condemnation of Russia, still has not found any words of condemnation for these acts of genocide, even after nine months.
Which, as I pointed out yesterday, completely undermines all of our calls for actions against Russia because people are not stupid. People know that if you are being selective when it comes to condemnation of illegal occupation, of aggression, of the most heinous war crimes, of human rights abuses, then your words of selective condemnation are empty. They are actually meaningless. They are the height of gross hypocrisy.
History will not judge us well.
Yesterday there was a meeting of the Committee of Ministers, and ambassadors from all 46 member states, and not one of them raised Gaza, even as the genocide rages on. Shame on every one of them.
At the heart of this ongoing evil is the constant attempt to dehumanise the Palestinian people. This nonsense of starting every response with a reference to 7 October, as if there was no history before that date, as if the decades of slaughter, occupation, the Nakba itself, dealt to the Palestinian people had never happened.
We must respond to the war crimes being committed in Gaza. We need an immediate ceasefire. We need an immediate arms embargo against Israel, the ending of the EU-Israel Trade Agreement. We need real European pressure to end the slaughter.
My message, again, on behalf of the Group of the United European Left is ceasefire now and justice for the people of Palestine.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:26:41
On behalf of Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, Ms Petra BAYR.
Austria, SOC, Spokesperson for the group
18:26:47
The Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group condemns the atrocities committed by Hamas on the 7 October and afterwards, and it calls for the immediate release of the Israeli hostages.
Our group also welcomes calls for a permanent ceasefire between Israel and Hamas given the thousands of innocent victims and the catastrophic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip.
Our group shares the vision of lasting peace for Israelis and Palestinians. We recognise that Hamas is the catalyst for the current conflict, as is the prolonged occupation of Palestinian territories, record settlement expansion including increasing settler violence.
Under international law, Israel has to right to defend itself against this still ongoing terrorism. However, those who rely on international law, must also respect it and respect civilian lives.
A ceasefire is more crucial than ever for the Palestinian civilian population as is the immediate release of the Israeli hostages.
Last week, I moderated the panel where two activists combating gender-based violence in Israel shared studies on sexual violence during the 7 October, be it in Re'im Kibbutz at the Nova Festival site or elsewhere, where women were gang-raped, genitally mutilated, and many assassinated women were found with the lower part of the bodies naked and bloody.
There were witnesses who managed to escape the hostage-taking in the Gaza Strip speaking about the ongoing rape of themselves or other hostages. It makes me speechless that some who called themselves feminists still apply sexual violence as a tactic of war.
We also see thousands of women giving birth in Gaza without any medical care, without the possibility to seek assistance if there are any complications, without any basic infrastructure. We know that when malnourished women give birth to children, for them, it is to start a new life with many disadvantages, additional challenges like chronic illness and delayed development of the brain and the physical potentials. The newborns themselves will grow up malnourished, which aggravates their disadvantages.
This structural violence against women and children must be ended. Humanitarian assistance should be screened for any hidden tools that Hamas will misuse to continue its terror. But the lives of civilians must be ensured, protected and people must have a perspective for themselves and their children.
Benny Gantz explained his withdrawal from the interim government by saying that fateful strategic decisions are being delayed due to political considerations, and in addition, Benjamin Netanyahu's decisions were not made for the good of the state but merely for political reasons.
We stand with the thousands of people who are calling week after week for an end to Netanyahu's government and snap elections, and they proclaim "bring them home now".
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:30:12
On behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, Ms Carmen LEYTE.
Spain, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group
18:30:20
Thank you very much, President.
What is unfolding in Gaza comes about as the result of a historical and complex conflict.
But the most recent escalations started on 7 October, when more than 1 200 members of the terrorist group Hamas entered Israel and killed more than 1 000 innocent people in their own homes as well as at the Nova International Music Festival, which was being attended by thousands of young people from around the world.
At that point in time, Hamas kidnapped and held hostage more than 200 people. Amongst them, women and children. More than half have not yet been released.
They have spent over 250 days, days of uncertainty, pain and suffering, both for themselves and for their families.
Hostilities in the region have increased, leading to a dire humanitarian situation in Gaza.
We can wait no more because the number of innocent victims is increasing daily. This applies to civilians and to many children.
We are well aware of the fact that the terrorist group Hamas is not the Palestinian people, and for that reason, it is important to distinguish between Hamas and the Palestinian cause.
We all agree that we must put an end to this suffering. The Biden plan, which is being supported by the United Nations, lays down the liberation of the hostages, a ceasefire, and the massive delivery of humanitarian aid via The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and other NGO's.
On top of that, also plans for the major reconstruction of Gaza, which is very badly needed.
The Palestinian people and the State of Israel deserve to be able to achieve a lasting peace and for that to be the case, this must start with the unconditional freeing of all hostages.
Ladies and gentlemen, this is not the first time that we have debated the situation in the Middle East here, and we will continue to debate it as long as it's necessary.
Until such time, as peace has been achieved in the region.
It's important that we have this debate here in the Council of Europe, the home of human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
Our voice must be heard by all those who work in favour of peace. That is why we should send a clear message.
There should be the immediate release, unconditional release of all hostages, a ceasefire and unfettered access to humanitarian relief.
All stakeholders, the Arab League and all those that are involved must work together to find a solution which will bring peace to the region once and for all.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:33:09
On behalf of the European Conservatives Group, Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO.
Ukraine, EC/DA, Spokesperson for the group
18:33:17
Thank you.
Thank you, Mister President.
I would like to start absolutely clearly.
I stand with Israel.
I want to say this openly, and I don't care if it is fashionable or not fashionable. I just want to say what I think, what I see, and I am saying I stand with Israel.
Yes, the war is awful. Every war is awful. But in the war there are those who started it, and it was not Israel. It was Hamas on 7 October who attacked Israel, who killed people, raped people, who took hostages, and still 120 hostages. Just imagine, soon it will be one year that these people are tortured, tortured by Hamas terrorists every day. We are now saying, "oh, you know, that is bad".
Yes! It's very bad, but there are those who are guilty in this. It's Hamas, it's Iran, it's Russia, Hezbollah, Houthis and all the other proxies they have in order to attack the world.
Let us say the truth. They started this war!
Let me tell you one more thing. If you think that it is just about the Middle East. Oh, here we have the war in Ukraine, and there we have the war in Middle East, and that is all disconnected, different stories. No! The Third World War is knocking at our doors! The Third World War!
When I was telling in this Assembly years ago that Russia would attack Ukraine many were laughing at me, many were saying that I am crazy, a crazy man, what is he saying? Tanks on Kyiv? Missiles falling on European cities? No, it's impossible!
Who's laughing today?
Now I pray to God to not be right, but I'm telling you the big war is coming, and in this big war all democratic countries will be together and authoritarian tyrant countries will be together, like Russia, North Korea, Iran, all this axes of evil, China standing behind them, their proxies, Hamas, Houthis, Hezbollah, and all others. They are uniting, just watch. Putin was in North Korea signing a special agreement with them. Now they're preparing an agreement with Iran. Abbas, leader of Hamas, is planning now to go to Moscow.
Are you blind? Don't you understand this?
Yeah, we can have a lot of disputes with Israel, maybe they did this right or not right, but when the big war come, we will be together with them, because we are the same, we are democratic countries, countries with the rule of law. Against us are crazy tyrants who don't care about anything.
About Ukraine, one question, who will be with the free world in the trenches near Tehran and Beijing when it will be needed? It will be the Ukrainian army, battle-hardened during these years. We will stand for freedom, we will stand for democracy, we will stand for rule of law. We don't have any other option.
I address to you, please, don't waste time. If you ask me what to do if the Third World War is knocking, go to tactical medicine courses, take a basic military preparation. That is our lesson, Ukrainians.
We also want to live in peace for a long time, but now we all are fighters and warriors.
That's the only way for a free world to survive.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:36:54
On behalf of Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Mr Claude KERN.
France, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group
18:37:01
Thank you, Mister Chairman.
Ladies and gentlemen,
At the spring session, we held a topical debate on the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza and on how to prevent further escalation in the Middle East following Iran's attack on Israel.
Alas, this session again, the fate of the Israeli hostages and the humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip warrant another topical debate.
Ten days ago, our colleague Mr Piero FASSINO visited the Middle East and called for "a collective surge of responsibility to ensure the effective implementation of an immediate ceasefire, the safe return of hostages to their families, and unimpeded access to essential humanitarian aid for the civilian population of Gaza".
Having witnessed the events on the ground for myself, I would like to take this opportunity to strongly reiterate his appeal, every word of which counts.
First of all, let's not forget that the current dramatic situation is the fault of Hamas, which perpetrated a horrific terrorist attack against Israel on 7 October. It cannot be stressed enough that the responsibility for the destruction in the Gaza Strip and the suffering of the Gazans lies, first and foremost, with the Hamas terrorists, who have no regard for the suffering endured by the Palestinians.
We are all shocked to see the terrible suffering endured by the people of Gaza. This is self-evident, because there is obviously no difference to be made in the dignity of people, be they Israelis or Palestinians.
So, if Hamas really wants a ceasefire, it must immediately release all those kidnapped and detained in Gaza. Return the bodies of the dead. This is an essential prerequisite for any ceasefire negotiations, which I would like to see take place as soon as possible, in other words, immediately.
The humanitarian situation in Gaza is unbearable despite the various initiatives taken, notably the one in Cyprus, which I particularly welcome. There is an urgent and massive need for humanitarian aid. However, the representative of the US development agency has just announced that only 1 000 tonnes of the 7 000 tonnes of aid sent by sea from Cyprus to the Gaza Strip have been distributed, due to the violence and the risk of looting.
It's time for this situation to end. I hope that the new phase of the war announced by the Israeli Government, which it presents as being of lesser intensity, will enable significant progress to be made on behalf of the civilian population, which has suffered far too much.
I cannot hide my concern, however, at the growing tension between Hezbollah and Israel. The risk of a regional conflagration is very high. May this debate contribute to a little wisdom and a big step towards peace.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:40:00
In the debate, I call next Mr Bernard SABELLA, member of the Palestinian delegation.
Palestine
18:40:07
Thank you, Mister President.
There is no way that anyone can whitewash the entirely man-made disaster created by Israel in its war on Gaza. Whether it is the Interim Report of Damage issued by the Word Bank in March or the recent CNN story of yesterday 26 June 2024. The statistics of devastation cry out for all those with some conscience in this hall and elsewhere.
The total destruction, and devastation of Gaza have resulted in the destruction of 70% of housing units. The economic loss is estimated at 18.5 billion US dollars or almost the gross domestic product of the Palestinian territories in 2022, according to the World Bank.
CNN quotes 37 658 killed, 86 237 injured, of those 25 000 are in need of urgent medical attention outside of Gaza.
Of note, is that the majority of those killed were women and children, and according to Israeli statistics, estimates of Hamas members killed stand at some 14 000.
More than eight months of bombardment, according to CNN, has shredded infrastructure, wiped out neighbourhoods and communities, laid ways to entire neighbourhoods. A report by the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), which assesses global food security and malnutrition, worried that almost all of Gaza will face famine within the next three months.
50 000 children required treatment for acute malnutrition. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), which is a UN co-ordination office in the occupied territories has accused Israel of obstructing humanitarian access to northern Gaza and it speaks of limited trucks entering the territory of Gaza. Severe water shortages are also reported as almost 70% of all water facilities have been destroyed. The extent of the devastation is alarming. It's massive and yet, the question I would end with is, what next? Where do we go from here?
Allow me to quote Ami Ayalon, the ex-chief of Israeli Shin Bet services, who said in an interview with CNN, "there are two blind spots for Israelis. We shall not have security until we end the occupation. This piece of land" – and this is Mr Ayalon speaking – "is ours but also it's not only ours, we have two options as Israelis, to divide and keep our identity or not to divide and lose our identity and security".
May we have the end of occupation, the birth of a Palestinian state and peace for Palestinians and Israelis, and not global war.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:44:40
Now we will listen to a video message with a statement from Ms Meirav BEN ARI, President of the Israeli delegation.
Israel
18:44:53
Dear members of the Assembly,
I would like to thank the Chairperson of the Sub-Committee on the Middle East and the Arab World, Mr Piero FASSINO, for his initiative in holding the current affairs debate on the war in Gaza.
Almost nine months after the horrific massacre carried out by Hamas terrorists on 7 October 2023, there are still 120 women, men, children, and elderly, being held captive by Hamas in harsh conditions.
All of us, regardless of our political positions, should stand together in calling for the release of the hostages.
Last week, I had the privilege of accompanying Chairman Mr Piero FASSINO in Israel. We visited sites near Israel's southern border.
We started in Kibbutz Nir Oz, where one of every three residents was either kidnapped or murdered during the 7 October 2023 attacks.
Almost nine months after, the survivors of the massacre are still living in hotels and their homes are destroyed and burned to the ground.
From Nir Oz, we continued to the Kerem Shalom Crossing, where we saw hundreds of trucks filled with humanitarian supplies like food, medicine, and shelter equipment on their way to the Gaza Strip.
Something that our hostages can only dream of.
Over 300 trucks with food and medicine are crossing the border from Israel into Gaza, every day. Just to compare, 80 trucks crossed the border on a daily basis before the war, now it's 300.
I wonder if any country here, whose citizens were massacred and murdered by terrorists, would act the same.
It is important to remember that Hamas is a proxy of Iran, and is therefore, a threat not only to Israel, but to the entire liberal world.
And yet, the war can end today if Hamas lays down its weapons and releases the hostages.
At the same time, Israel faces a growing threat from Hezbollah, another Iranian proxy in the region.
About 60 000 residents of northern Israel towns are displaced from their homes. They live in hotels, and some of them, their houses were even hit directly by anti-tank missiles, attack drones, and rockets.
If there is no significant change, the diplomatic window will close and Israel will be required to secure its citizens in the north.
Israel is not looking for a war. On the contrary, we are a country that is looking for peace, as proven with the Abraham Accords.
Only through joint international pressure can we stop the war and bring security and hope for a better future to the region.
I thank you all.
Please help us bring our hostages back home now.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:48:11
Mr Namık TAN is next.
Türkiye, SOC
18:48:16
Dear President,
Dear colleagues,
I believe that everyone here is well aware of the significant implications that this conflict and the tragic situation in Gaza will have on peace and stability in the region and beyond.
Let me be clear. I strongly condemn the horrific acts committed by Hamas on 7 October against innocent civilians. Such violence is indefensible.
However, we must address the root cause of the current war in Gaza, which is fundamentally linked to the prolonged occupation.
The Geneva conventions state very clearly that populations under occupation have a right to resist.
Israel's actions, including its control over the West Bank and East Jerusalem since 1967, the illegal settlements and policies that undermine human dignity, have created a volatile situation that must be acknowledged.
As the UN Secretary General rightly pointed out, the events of 7 October did not occur in a vacuum.
Israel's disproportionate military retaliation in Gaza has already resulted in the death of 35 000 people, including over 14 500 children and the displacement of millions.
These actions are fuelling anger and hatred worldwide.
While I understand Europe's historical responsibility towards Israel, I cannot comprehend the unreserved support for the Netanyahu government's atrocities against Palestinians based on a similar ideological mentality that Europe itself once suffered.
This unwavering support is deeply troubling and goes against the very principles that Europe stands for.
European nations, with their historical responsibility and leadership in upholding democracy, human rights and the rule of law, must reconsider their stance.
Europe has historically been viewed positively in the Islamic world, more so than other regions.
Maintaining this position is crucial for promoting peace and co-operation.
Yet, by supporting policies that many, including millions of Israelis, oppose, Europe risks losing its moral ground and the goodwill it has built.
Dear colleagues, reaffirming the importance of our shared values and the need for a just and lasting peace, I urge all of you to reflect on these critical issues.
I believe that you as expected representatives known for your commitment to democracy and human rights can do more, must do more, to stop this evil before it's too late.
Thank you.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:51:37
Mr Birgir THÓRARINSSON is next.
Iceland, EPP/CD
18:51:45
Mister President.
The brutality of Hamas’s October 7 massacre shocked us all. In one day, more than a thousand Hamas terrorists invaded Israel and massacred more than 1 200 Israelis, mostly civilians.
Hamas has fired thousands of rockets at Israeli cities and towns.
250 hostages were taken, including many children and old people.
120 hostages are still being held in Gaza. It is believed that only 50 of them are alive.
The Hamas leaders have stated that they knew very well about the consequences of the terrorist attack on Israel, for their own people. They also said that Palestinian lives must be sacrificed in order to win Israel. Did they ask the people of Gaza if they were willing to sacrifice their lives? No, they didn’t.
International humanitarian law, the most powerful instrument for protecting innocents, is separating fighters from civilians.
Hamas’s refusal of obeying those rules has made this war a humanitarian catastrophe. Death of civilians in a war is a humanitarian tragedy.
Hamas itself is responsible for many of those civilian deaths because it keeps civilians near military targets and uses them as human shields. Hamas has also committed grave breaches of the law of armed conflict by seizing Israeli civilians as hostages.
Hostage-taking to “compel a third party to do or to abstain from doing any act”, as Hamas continues to do, is a war crime.
Palestinians trapped in Gaza, in the grip of a brutal terrorist group that brooks no opposition, to its unpopular misrule, had no say in whether to start this war. Yet, it is civilians who suffer most, for Hamas’s choice, for Hamas self-interests.
A NATO report, examining Hamas’s activities from 2008 to 2014, explains Hamas’s use of human shields in Gaza.
Mister President,
This war, this devastating humanitarian crisis, can come to an end today, if the Hamas terrorists will lay down their weapons and free the hostages.
Abraham Lincoln once said: "There is nothing good in war except its ending."
This war, this suffering of innocent people must come to an end now.
This war must be the end of Hamas rule in Gaza.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:54:53
Thank you, Mister Birgir THÓRARINSSON.
Mr Simon MOUTQUIN is next.
Belgium, SOC
18:55:01
Thank you, Mister Chairman.
Dear colleagues,
In October, the day after the bloody attacks by the terrorist group Hamas, I warned this House of the risk of a disproportionate response from the Netanyahu government and its far-right allies. This discourse was inaudible, attacked and caricatured.
In January, when the north of Gaza had been completely razed to the ground and tens of thousands of Palestinians had been killed, I called for the release of the hostages, a ceasefire and sanctions against a state that was outside the bounds of international law. This speech was inaudible, attacked and caricatured.
In April, as the Israeli army bombarded Rafah, where over 1 million Gazans have taken refuge, I called more than ever for sanctions against this government, which continued to kill women, children and civilians on a massive scale despite the appeals of the international community. Once again, my speech was caricatured, inaudible and attacked.
So, dear colleagues,
I have a question today. How much longer are we going to remain deaf? When will we hear the last sighs of the 40 000 dead children in Gaza? When will we hear the vanished laughter of the 15 000 children? When are we going to hear the cries of the dozens of international organisations on which we base all our Assembly reports, the UN, NGOs and international courts? When are we really going to enforce international law, the values of our Assembly, whatever the people concerned, whatever their religion, whatever their cultural background or wherever they live?
Dear colleagues,
The inaction, the inaction of the European continent today in the face of these massacres, in the face of this daily slaughter against the Palestinian people, is creating an irreparable rift between us and the rest of the world; between us and a youth of the whole world who believed in the coherence of international law, who believed in freedom.
I'd like to dwell on the word "freedom". "We will never be free until the Palestinian people are free." These are the words of Nelson Mandela. Freedom now; freedom for the detained Israeli hostages; freedom for the thousands of Palestinian political prisoners; freedom for the Gazans under the bombs; freedom for the children under the ruins; freedom for the millions of Palestinians living under occupation.
"Freedom" is the word I've been shouting since 2014, ever since Ukraine was attacked by Russia.
After every speech, we shout the word "freedom" for Ukraine, and we're right to do so.
So today, I'm not ashamed to say "freedom" for the Palestinians. Free Palestine. You can't be inconsistent between the fight we're waging for Ukraine and the fight we're waging for the people of Gaza.
Freedom is a word that must live on from Kyiv to Gaza, whatever our religion, whatever our skin colour and whatever our political affiliation.
Thank you very much.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
18:58:01
Mr Georgios STAMATIS is next.
Greece, EPP/CD
18:58:08
Thank you, Mister President.
Allow me to speak in Greek.
I don't know any democracy anywhere in the world that negotiates with terrorists.
When you negotiate with terrorists, it's democracy that loses out, and terrorists are put on an equal footing with democracy.
Today, I'm sure you have all seen the bedrooms of Palestinian children. Where there should be toys there are holes leading to tunnels where Hamas terrorists are hiding.
Now, did we know that before the attacks on 7 October? Perhaps we did. Did we do anything? I don't think we did.
Once again, the question is, who is going to win out, terrorists or democracy?
We should of course open humanitarian corridors, but at the same time, we need to establish whether the humanitarian aid ended before the attacks on 7 October. Who was responsible for administering millions of euros in humanitarian aid? Hamas. Where do Hamas' weapons come from? France, Germany, the US? No. These weapons come from Iran, North Korea and Russia.
We should not be hypocritical, but for all this to end, Hamas has to disappear from Palestine.
The Palestinians need to appoint leaders who are capable of bringing about a two-state solution with East Jerusalem as a capital. No other solution is feasible. Time is of the essence.
I would ask of you, who would negotiate the life of a second child when you have lost your first child? I think such a person would do all they can in order to pursue a democratic path.
Of course, we understand the pain and the suffering of those who lose those close to them.
But we shouldn't forget one thing. All of this started with the terrorist attack. And it has a name: Hamas, whose leader doesn't live in Palestine, but elsewhere, and is totally protected.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
19:01:07
Mr Cemalettin Kani TORUN is next.
Türkiye, NR
19:01:16
Thank you, Mister President.
Dear colleagues,
Israel has been committing a massacre in Gaza. The violence of which has reached horrific levels. The Zionist regime's decade-long policy of oppression, assimilation and occupation has turned into a genocide in front of the eyes of the whole world since 7 October 2023.
As of yesterday, 38 000 Palestinians, of whom there are at least 15 000 children and 10 000 women, have been killed and nearly 90 000 people have been injured.
Despite the ceasefire resolution adopted by the Security Council and the calls of the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court, the Netanyahu government declares that the war will not end. The most prominent authorities in the world are incapable of stopping Netanyahu.
In the nearly three-year-long Russia–Ukraine war, we all watched Europe's protective stance towards Ukraine. Ukraine has been supported with weapons, ammunition and humanitarian aid with no mention of Russia's right to self-defence but it is unacceptable for Europe to remain silent when it comes to Palestine and always saying Israel's right to defend itself.
It is hypocritical that the Council of Europe whose founding purpose is to establish and monitor international legal norms, does not react strongly to the war crimes in Gaza. There are demonstrations and student protests in your countries against the massacre in Gaza where people are starving to death. Civil liberties of which Europe is so proud have been suspended on the Palestinian issue. The use of excessive force against some activists and the criminalisation of carrying the Palestinian flag in some countries clearly shows the double standard on the Palestinian issue.
I openly call all the representatives here. Do not to allow Israel to hide behind 7 October 2023, ignoring its long-standing occupation policy, its oppression and its killings. Listen to the voice of your people with consciousness. Show the value you attach to law and human rights by standing by Palestine, like Spain, Ireland and Norway, which have recognised and supported Palestine during this catastrophe.
As the Council of Europe, we must follow this issue and take immediate action for a two-state solution between the 1967 borders for Palestine.
Long live Palestine!
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
19:04:23
Mr Don DAVIES is next.
Canada
19:04:31
Dear colleagues,
Like many, I am horrified by the appalling loss of innocent lives caused by indiscriminate attacks by Hamas and the Israeli Defence Forces. Both sides have deliberately and carelessly targeted civilians and civilian infrastructure that all people and nations of conscience must categorically condemn.
This must stop immediately. We need a ceasefire now. We need international assistance to the Palestinian civilian population now. We need all hostages and political prisoners released now.
I have had the privilege of visiting both Israel and Palestine. I was struck by the many similarities between the interests and desires of citizens in both jurisdictions.
They both want security, peace, and the opportunity to develop their economies, cultures and to pursue their personal dreams.
I also saw first-hand the inhumane and unjust conditions that the Israeli government is forcing Palestinians to live under in the occupied West Bank and Gaza, as well as the inequality they face in Israel itself.
I concur with the many international organisations and Israeli observers that this constitutes a form of apartheid. As in South Africa, it must end.
In my view, this is the root cause of the conflict that must be acknowledged and dismantled. Neither Israelis nor Palestinians can co-exist in such an incendiary circumstance of occupation, colonisation, discrimination, and violation of human rights.
Yet increased settler violence fuelled by provocative statements by the Netanyahu government that eliminate hope for a Palestinian state or equality have contributed to a dangerous feeling of despair and extremism in the Palestinian population. This threatens all the residents of the region, because oppression and injustice lead to violence. Violence leads to vengeance. And vengeance leads to anger, pain and deepened division.
It is time for the entire world to insist on an end to this vicious, unproductive, heart-breaking cycle.
We are now witnessing what can only be described as an obscenity that should shock all people of good faith. I abhor the horrific attack by Hamas on innocent civilians. This was a war crime.
While Israel may have a right to self-defence, their response has gone far, far beyond this. It is not entitled to kill civilians indiscriminately or pursue collective punishment. It is not entitled to target hospitals, schools, ambulances, refugee camps and residential buildings without regard for the impact on innocent non-combatants. It is not entitled to withhold water, food and electricity to civilians. And it is not entitled to ignore the international norm that any self-defence response must be proportionate.
Levelling Gaza, rendering it uninhabitable and killing and wounding 125 000 people, most of them innocent women and children, is a blatant violation of international law. These are also war crimes.
Very troublingly, internal Israeli government documents and statements by its leaders indicate that Israel is contemplating, if not committing, what amounts to ethnic cleansing in Gaza, if not genocide.
This is completely unacceptable to all who believe in a rules-based international order predicated on a commitment to dignity, security and human rights for all.
The global community must insist on, and assist the Israeli and Palestinian leaderships to finally resolve the underlying cause of this dispute, which is crystal clear: the need for sovereign, viable states living in peace and security for both Palestinians and Israelis.
That is the only path forward consistent with the values we all aspire to in this place.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
19:08:26
Dear colleagues, when you go over your time limit then, you restrain other colleagues to take the floor.
This is clear to all of us.
So, Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR.
Iceland, SOC
19:08:40
Thank you, President.
Dear colleagues, the International Court of Justice has ordered that the State of Israel immediately hold its military offensive in Gaza to prevent the genocide of the Palestinian people.
Israel did not stop. Israel has not been made to stop. And Europe certainly has not told Israel to stop.
This Assembly certainly has not told Israel to stop.
But why, Mister President? What else does this Assembly, this continent, need to stand up against the crime of genocide? The crime of crimes?
Because let us not forget that the Genocide Convention obliges each and every one of us to take action, to take initiative to prevent genocide.
We must not sit and wait for somebody to declare that it is so. We take action to prevent it. This is an international obligation on all of us.
So when do our leaders act on this moral and legal imperative to stop the crime of crimes? These leaders who cannot even bring themselves to admit that genocide is happening or at least imminent? Because, let us be clear, it is enough for it to be imminent for us to be obliged to act.
Dear colleagues, I would also like to ask you to please stop blaming Hamas for the crimes of Israel.
Yes, Hamas has committed grave war crimes, and, yes, they should be held accountable. But if you maintained that you want the international legal order to be respected, you must stop blaming Hamas for the crimes of Israel because international humanitarian law cannot be broken because the other party of the conflict broke international humanitarian law.
It is not a reciprocal system. It applies no matter what. If the other party to the conflict breaks it, you are still obliged to uphold international humanitarian law. It does not excuse you from the international humanitarian legal order that applies to you.
All of our international organisations which this Assembly usually holds in such high regard have clearly stated that Israel is violating the most fundamental laws of armed conflicts, and that it is very likely committing genocide.
What will be enough for you to recognise that? Not three orders of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), not a request for arrest warrants from the International Criminal Court (ICC), not our most esteemed international legal experts, not the ceasefire resolution by the Security Council. After all of this you still stand up here and talk about Israel's right to defend itself.
If we do not stand up now and tell Israel to stop, we are saying that international law only applies when it suits us, that it only applies when we don't like the state that we would like it to apply to. It should only apply to Russia; it shouldn't apply to Israel.
I ask you to consider what this means for the international legal order. By allowing for this hypocrisy, we are allowing the destruction of the very foundation of this order.
I hope you realise this very soon, dear colleagues, because the time for justice for Palestine is now.
Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly
19:11:52
Thank you, Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR.
Mr George LOUCAIDES.
Cyprus, UEL
19:11:58
Thank you, Mister Chair.
I will continue in Greek, and I will continue from the point that my colleague Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR and her speech.
Imagine for a minute that you have been a Palestinian living in Gaza. Imagine if what is happening in Gaza happened in your country. Your country is under occupation, a terrorist organisation violating international law, committing crimes of war, attacks the occupier, and then coming here and justifying, by blaming this terrorist organisation, the attacking force killing your children in a school, killing people in a hospital because below, there is a terrorist organisation in place.
Many colleagues already spoke about the situation on the ground in Gaza. In a human rights organisation, how can we argue in order to justify the killing of over more than 200 humanitarian personnel? How can we justify and speak about the freedom of expression of journalists when almost 100 journalists were murdered by Israel? How can we speak about the massacre of innocent children, women, civilians? How can we justify, as the UN is saying, that Gaza became uninhabitable?
Dear colleagues, once more, I said that I would speak in Greek, but I am speaking in English. We have to save the credibility of this organisation. Once more, we have asked the Committee of Ministers, no reaction from this Assembly, no reaction on the continuing genocide by Israel against the Palestinian people but also atrocities committed in the West Bank, where there is no Hamas, we have to remember this. Where there is no Hamas in the West Bank until now.
I have to repeat. We kept silent not criticising, not condemning anything in relation to the atrocities committed by Israel, but we correctly condemn the Hamas attacks. The Secretary General of this Organisation, a few days after the attack, condemned the attack of Hamas.
When it comes to Gaza, we are silent. And we are, unfortunately, assisting the Israeli Government [he is interrupted by the Chair].