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08 April 2025 afternoon

2025 - Second part-session Print sitting

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Opening of the sitting No 13

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:33:38

The sitting is open.

Dear colleagues, I remind members that they should insert their badge before taking the floor, wait for a second, press the microphone button, and then speak.

This morning we held a ballot to elect a judge to the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Monaco.

I will now announce the results.

Total number of members voting: 167.

Number of spoiled of blank ballot papers: 4.

Number of valid votes: 163.

Absolute majority of the vote cast: 82.

The votes were cast as follows:

Mr Sébastien BIANCHERI: 150

Ms Peggy DUCOULOMBIER: 5

Mr Yves STRICKLER: 8

 

Mr Sébastien BIANCHERI, having obtained the majority of votes cast, is elected judge to the European Court of Human Rights for a term of office of 9 years, which shall commence not later than 3 months after this election.

 

Let's applaud his election.

 

Dear colleagues,

I am pleased to announce that the winner the Europe Prize 2025 is Gaziantep in Türkiye. The Europe Prize is the highest European distinction for cities. It rewards cities that actively promote the European ideal. Congratulations again to the mayor of Gaziantep and its citizens on this highly deserved distinction.

I am also pleased to remind you that the Europe Prize is celebrating its 70th anniversary this year.

 

The next item on the Agenda is questions to Mr Alain BERSET, Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

We will first hear questions from the speakers on behalf of the political groups and then hear a response from Mr BERSET to those questions. Please, will these speakers limit their interventions to 30 seconds.

I remind colleagues that they should ask one single question and not make speeches.

 

I will start now with Ms Azadeh ROJHAN, on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.

Azadeh, you have the floor for 30 seconds.

Question time: Mr Alain BERSET, Secretary General of the Council of Europe

Ms Azadeh ROJHAN

Sweden, SOC, Spokesperson for the group

15:36:10

Thank you Chair, Mister Secretary General,

Given the severe concerns that we have here in the Assembly regarding Georgia, and also your own visit to the country, where you highlighted the challenges to democracy and the rule of law, I would like to ask you how we can work more closely with each other?

And also maybe the most important question is, isn't it the most appropriate moment now to launch the complementary joint procedure as a shared initiative, and to use your own words, accompany Georgia back on its democratic and European path?

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:36:49

Thank you, Azadeh.

Secretary General.

Mr Alain BERSET

Secretary General of the Council of Europe

15:36:51

Thank you very much for this question and good afternoon, everybody. I am really happy to have this occasion to exchange with you this afternoon. 

Thank you for the question about Georgia. As you know, we are working a lot on the Georgian issues since the election. It was also the case before the election. After the election, I was, myself, with the delegation in Tbilisi in December to see what we could do to work together in the next months, to ensure that we will have a good intergovernmental collaboration, to ensure that we have a positive evolution in the country also concerning human rights and freedoms, and also to find a way to discuss laws. It was, first of all, about the so-called foreign agent laws.

I had good discussions there with the ruling party, with the opposition, with the NGOs, with the international community. Coming back, I have a good impression about the possible evolution in the quite complicated context that we had.

Then, before, and then, we had the Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT) visit, we had the commissioner visit, we have the rapporteur office also visiting the country, and we had one more congress also visiting the country. Thank you.

I received, at the beginning of February, an announcement that Georgia was not available to continue to work together to deeply amend or recall the so-called law on foreign influence. It was quite a long telephone conversation with Prime Minister KOBAKHIDZE. He informed me about the government's intentions to go back on its commitments taken in December. Since then, we haven't had any more direct communication between us.

Now, the question is what should be done. After two discussions at the Committee of Ministers, I proposed to try to develop a structured dialogue with Georgia to see what we could achieve together, because the situation in Georgia is not as good as we want. It was really going in the wrong direction for many months, but it could be much worse. That's the point. We have a bad dynamic at the moment. We need to have more contact. We want to work more together, and we must also give a chance for the structured dialogue to work.

After the vote that you had and the decision you had on the credentials with conditions, the evolution that we had, the signal was clear from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe's side. Now we must see if it's possible on the basis of this signal to see what we can do together. I will have contact very soon, I hope, with the Georgian ruling party and with the Prime Minister to see what we can do together to have movement in the right direction again.

About the question that you asked, I think it is clearly too early now to launch the next step, the next stage. Since you're asking, you have the right also to receive a clear answer. I think it is too early now.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:40:05

Thank you.

On behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, Mr Yuriy KAMELCHUK.

Yuriy.

Mr Yuriy KAMELCHUK

Ukraine, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group

15:40:12

Honourable Secretary General, 

In the light of ongoing abduction of Ukrainian children, mistreatment of prisoners of war, and allegations of torture in Russian custody, what concrete steps is the Council of Europe taking to ensure accountability for these violations?

How does the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe plan to support the Georgian people's democratic aspirations and safeguard human rights in the wars in Ukraine and Georgia, and meet this shift in the geopolitical landscape?

 

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:40:42

Thank you.

Secretary General.

Mr Alain BERSET

Secretary General of the Council of Europe

15:40:44

Thank you very much for this question.

As you know, support for Ukraine, for the children in Ukraine, and support in general is the first, the highest, priority that we have had in the Council of Europe for many years now.

It is while following the ongoing war of aggression from Russia in Ukraine, and I think this organisation, with the support of all the institutions of the organisation, did a lot to ensure that there will be accountability.

I can remember the first pillar for accountability is the work of the European Court on Human Rights. It is addressing, as we speak, cases of violations of human rights in a context of the war between 2014 until, as you know, 16 September 2022.

The second pillar is about the register of damage. It is a huge success that it works so well. If you remember, it was launched in Reykjavík. It was effective one year later. And now we have a really well-functioning register and we need to prepare the next step. And the next step is the Claims Commission, including all the discussion about the funding. It is a second pillar for accountability and we are able to deliver this. We need to have the support of member states of all the countries willing to do this. We had also a very positive announcement with Australia joining the register very recently. It is moving. That's a good point. And we are ready to deliver and to work on these issues.

And the third pillar is about a special tribunal for the crime of aggression. If you recall, in March 2022, a few days after the full scale aggression of Russia in Ukraine, the United Nations, the General Assembly, decided to recognise the crime of aggression with more than 140 votes in favour of recognition. But it had no jurisdiction. We had no jurisdiction competent to address the case. And that means we need also to create one. That's why we had the core group working with closing the work here in Strasbourg a few days ago. And it also gives us good ground to continue to work on this. But we also need the support of the countries willing to create this special tribunal. And also for this third pillar for accountability, we are ready to deliver if there is the will to go in this direction with member states and other states.

Those are the three main pillars we are working on for accountability.

But adding to this, I want to address also the specific issue of the children of Ukraine.

As you know, I decided to appoint a special envoy for this issue of children from Ukraine. It was announced weeks ago, at the beginning of February. The former foreign minister of Iceland is in charge of this very important task. We have had a lot of contact. The special envoy is also here this week and it is possible to get in contact with her. She is working very well and very fast. And we will be able to continue to work on this to ensure also here to have the best evolution possible in this issue, given the whole complexity we have with this issue: because we have abducted children, we have displaced children, we have refugee children, we have a lot of children of different ages.

We should also see what it means for the youngest generation to have lived life in war conditions for over 10 years. It is also related to huge, bad consequences for the children and people concerned, for their families and also for the future of Ukraine. That's why it is so important to work on this.

I just want to add one last point. I decided also to create a task force for Ukraine in the Council of Europe. It is effective now. We had two meetings from this task force. I was also really happy to see that it is not only effective, but it was really necessary also to take this step and also address in this context all the issues and accountability.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:45:00

Thank you.

On behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates, Ms Sylvie JOSSERAND.

Sylvie.

Ms Sylvie JOSSERAND

France, ECPA, Spokesperson for the group

15:45:10

Thank you, President.

Secretary General,

Last Monday, Marine LE PEN was sentenced to ineligibility with immediate execution on the grounds of, and I quote, a "major disturbance of democratic public order" that would jeopardise her candidacy for the presidential election in France in 2027.

Does this sentence of elimination of a political opponent in France increase your concern, expressed last January before this very Assembly, about the decline of democracy in Europe, in light of Protocol No. 1 of the European Convention, which provides for the freedom of choice of the opinion of the people?

Thank you for your attention.

Mr Alain BERSET

Secretary General of the Council of Europe

15:45:51

Thank you for that question.

I think that the whole discussion we are having about the decline in democracy in general around the world, and what we're also seeing in Europe, is also a decline in the rule of law. It is a decline in human rights. It is a decline in the general quality of the debate that precedes elections. It is the difficulties posed by the issues of artificial intelligence in democratic debate, the difficulties posed by social media in democratic debate, to name but a few elements. All the attacks we are also seeing on education and education systems are elements that are destructive to the quality of debate and to well-posed democratic debates.

Having said that, I would like to remind you of the independence of the judiciary. I would like to point out that, as far as I know, the decision taken in France was made in compliance with all the rules of the rule of law, and that the law used was known long before the incriminating acts were carried out. I cannot put myself in the place of the judges to know whether they did their job properly or not, but I would like to put forward the fact that there is also a duty of exemplarity for political leaders, for those in charge of organisations and that, basically, the laws also apply to all citizens, whether they are active in politics in organisations or not, and whether or not they are possibly being considered for election one day.

Naturally, I have no information to suggest that there is a problem with the application of the rule of law in France. Should this be the case, there is of course always the possibility of accessing the European Court of Human Rights. There is a European Convention on Human Rights. If rights have been flouted, if human rights violations have been committed, it obviously becomes possible to deal with the issue at a higher level.

I think we have to be careful when we talk about democracy and when we talk about the right of people to vote for their own future in the way they wish. This does not yet mean for every person, at every moment, at every time, the possibility of being a candidate. This, of course, depends on national legislation and its application.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:48:07

Thank you.

On behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Ms Lesia ZABURANNA.

Ms Lesia ZABURANNA

Ukraine, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group

15:48:14

Dear Secretary General,

I would like to ask you one question.

What additional measures can be put in place by the Council of Europe to guarantee democratic security, particularly in an age where populist movements are gaining traction and undermining established democratic norms?

Additionally, does the Council of Europe plan to initiate a dialogue with American partners to co-operate in strengthening democratic institutions and take action in a way of countering and preventing democratic backsliding?

Thank you.

 

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:48:50

Thank you.

Secretary General?

Mr Alain BERSET

Secretary General of the Council of Europe

15:48:53

Thank you very much for this question.

Maybe I start just recalling here that simple reality: we have the contact with the United States because the United States of America is an observer to the Council of Europe, participating also as an observer to the Committee of Ministers, and they are present also in Strasbourg for collaboration between the Council of Europe and the member states and observers.

About the whole discussion about democratic backsliding, I think we are witnessing right now a world where things are changing very rapidly.

I mean, what we have seen probably as a true, as a stable reality, maybe three, five, ten years ago could have been totally changed until now.

We have again war in the European continent. Since 2014 in Ukraine and 2022 since the full-scale aggression from Russia.

We had the COVID crisis, quite complicated also to manage.

We had before a sequence, a huge sequence of crises, explaining also this quite unstable situation that we have. And it is additional to this now to see also that, well, we are witnessing in the relation with our North American allies also some changes. What does it mean for the long term?

It is too early to answer this question. I don't know what it would mean for the long term. What I know is that we are questioning ourselves now in what we can do for our continent. Because the geography is like it is. We are on this continent happily living together also with our huge diversity and with the huge diversity we have on the whole continent. But we must see what we can do together about this.

That's exactly why I decided, also with the Secretariat, to launch all the work for a new democratic pact. You know, it is not to reinvent the wheel about the new democratic pact. It is to make the implementation also on these issues very important for the Council of Europe on the 10 principles of Reykjavík, after the summit of Reykjavík for the democracy.

But what does it mean? We don't need one additional paper on democracy with additional 10 recommendations, always the same on democracy. We need to see that the world we are facing changed a lot and there will be no return to the ancient world. There is no return. We will need to find a way for our democratic values and for ourselves, find a way how to have a good development in a situation where we had this huge sequence of crises, this instability, where we have the artificial intelligence playing an important role, where we have social media influencing a lot. I mean, the way we are debating together, the culture of debate, if I can use this word. And we need to adapt to this new reality. That's the first point.

The second point, I think we need to use all the institutions that we have at the maximum capacity possible, you know, the role of those organisations. And the Council of Europe is the organisation, it is the organisation able to develop the concept and to give a strong substance to the concept of democratic security.

We need to work on democratic security. That means for all the 46 member states, it includes a very strong European Union, obviously, but also other countries, important countries like the UK, not a member, but an important member of the European family, like Türkiye, like the South Caucasus, like Ukraine and Moldova, obviously, and other regions like for example, the Western Balkans and other countries.

We need to work on this, to do this together and to see that if we do not succeed in this, I do not see who will, who could have success to develop for this broad wide European family the democratic security that we need for the future.

And I will add one point. There is also a need for democratic security if we want to have stability, also for the hard security in the future.

It is nonsense in the long term to think about hard security without having the ground of democratic security. Because what we are trying to defend also in Ukraine, with support for Ukraine, is our way of life, our values, what we had before us with our predecessors and the generation before us, and what we want to give to the next generation and to our children.

That's why developing this in the context of the democratic path would be so important. I'm really glad, I'm really happy, and I thank you very much for the openness that you have with the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe participating in this work.

Thank you, Mister President, also for having addressed this issue and giving us the possibility to work together with this committee that will follow all the work and be participating to the work and the democratic pact.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:54:19

Thank you.

On behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left, Sophia CHIKIROU.

Ms Sophia CHIKIROU

France, UEL, Spokesperson for the group

15:54:26

Hello.

Donald TRUMP has taken the unilateral initiative for a ceasefire plan between Ukraine and Russia. We believe that peace in Europe must be achieved with the Europeans, within a framework of multilateral negotiations and in areas of peace and international law.

Mister Secretary General,

Are you ready to bring diplomacy to life by supporting the idea that our Assembly should open a channel of dialogue between our countries and the Russian Federation, even if it is the aggressor? Are you ready to support the idea of activating multilateral institutions, such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, to discuss collective security guarantees in Europe?

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:55:01

Thank you.

Secretary General.

Mr Alain BERSET

Secretary General of the Council of Europe

15:55:03

Thank you for your question.

I fully agree with you that no peace can or should be made on the European continent, if we think of Russia's aggression against Ukraine, without Ukraine obviously being at the heart of the discussion and without Europeans and the whole of Europe, the European family in the broadest sense of the word, which is represented here, being at the heart of the reflection.

We have all taken note, yes, of what was said before the American elections, after the American elections but before the new administration took office, and after the new administration took office. The least we can say is that it seems a little more complicated to achieve than we might have imagined previously. It looks more complicated, it may take longer, but at the same time, it's important to move forward, because as we speak, the war continues, the attacks continue. I'd like to remind you of the recent horrific attack that claimed the lives of many civilians in Ukraine.

We cannot be an organisation dedicated to the rule of law, democracy and human rights and not be shocked to see the consequences of war on individuals, particularly civilians.

At the same time, we need to be aware of what we can and cannot do. What role do we have with the Council of Europe, and what role don't we have? I gave a partial answer earlier, stressing our central role in defining a democratic security framework that is solid and shared, taking into account all the diversity we have on the continent, between all the members of the Council of Europe. It's not our role to replace other multilateral organisations; you mentioned the OSCE, which has its role and with which we are obviously in contact, and the European Union, which plays a very important role in this context, as well as all the meetings that exist in the field of hard security.

So I think that today we need to be united, to lay the foundations for solid democratic security, and to remember at all times that no discussion of peace in Ukraine can take place without Ukraine being at the heart of the debate, and without Europe being involved. In this context, we probably have a role to play in the longer term too.

Furthermore, in the longer term, we need to think today, in 2025, about the continent on which we want our children and future generations to live in 2035 and 2050. It's in this order of categories that we need to think. There are, of course, the weeks to come, but there is also the long term, and that's what this Organisation was made for.

The Council of Europe, and I'll end on this point, was founded in 1949 on the ruins of the Second World War, not so much to be an organisation that operates in good times and bad; this Organisation was founded on the ruins of the Second World War, or after the Second World War, to prevent it ever happening again. And it's at times like these that we need to be able to deliver. It's now that it's happening, and it's now that we have the most important role to play.

That's why we need to orient ourselves to values, to tell it like it is, to stay firmly anchored to those values, and to work in that direction.

With regard to Russia, we obviously have very specific questions about, for example, what is being done for children in Ukraine, and there are obviously contacts that need to exist in one way or another to find solutions for the children concerned.

And when it comes to questions concerning the cessation of war and peace, I can't imagine that this could be achieved without all parties being involved in a discussion. But it's not a discussion that the Council of Europe brings to the table first, because we have another role to play.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:58:50

Ms Zita GURMAI. Zita, you have the floor. 

Ms Zita GURMAI

Hungary, SOC

15:58:54

Thank you very much, President.

Dear colleagues,

Mister Secretary General,

On 26 April, Hungary will celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of the ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Unfortunately, over the last three decades, minority rights, including linguistic rights, have been violated in many parts of Europe.

What do you think the Council of Europe can do to promote reconciliation between peoples in Europe, and to strengthen the protection of linguistic rights to ensure peace and democratic security on our continent?

Thank you very much.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

15:59:28

Secretary General, I'm going to give two more because now it is the time to have questions in a group of three colleagues of mine.

And I will give the floor to Ms Gökçe GÖKÇEN.

You have to insert your badge. Press once. Wait.

Ms Gökçe GÖKÇEN

Türkiye, SOC

15:59:53

Thank you, Mister President.

In Türkiye, Ekrem İMAMOĞLU, who was nominated as a presidential candidate with the vote of 15.5 million people, is imprisoned for political grounds.

My question is, considering the words of President TRUMP yesterday, do you consider the detention of Ekrem IMAMOGLU as an internal political issue?

Is that the reason why you have remained silent until today?

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

16:00:16

Thank you.

Ms Doris BURES is next. Doris.

Ms Doris BURES

Austria, SOC

16:00:24

Dear Mister Secretary General,

You have already mentioned AI. A year ago, the Council of Europe took an important initiative with the Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence to ensure that AI supports the fundamental values of the Council of Europe instead of jeopardising them.

Now, one year on. How do you assess the progress made and what further initiatives are you planning to ensure that AI is used specifically to protect human rights, democracy and the rule of law?

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

16:00:57

Thank you, Doris.

Secretary General, you have the floor to respond.

Mr Alain BERSET

Secretary General of the Council of Europe

16:00:59

Thank you, Mister President.

First of all, on the question of minority rights in Hungary, I think that we need to remember here that we have treaties. We have treaties on the rights of minorities, and these treaties are a priority for the Council of Europe; they must be a priority, including, of course, in all discussions on the new democratic pact. We have the Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, to which I believe some 40 states are party. We also have the Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which is an extremely important element.

Today, we can't, on the one hand, basically celebrate diversity as an essential element of European identity and, at the same time, not really, in reality, support minorities and the use of minority languages, for example.

I think that in the context in which we live today, generally speaking, on the continent, in which there are more and more political tensions, in which we also have a rise in nationalism, we have the elements to support and protect cultural diversity, linguistic diversity in Europe, and that we can also, with this, reinforce social cohesion and prevent tensions.

Mr Alain BERSET

Secretary General of the Council of Europe

16:02:27

About Türkiye. Thank you very much for the question.

I mean, we had reactions. I mean, the Congress had a reaction. We are following the situation really closely. And I can also take this occasion to recall here that, well, we must just recall that it is crucial that Turkish authorities stand by the rights and freedoms enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights.

It is not negotiable. I mean, being a member of the Council of Europe also comes with obligations. It is not possible just to pick what you want to choose and not do the rest. And it is our role always to recall this and also to dialogue on this. Because as you know, we are not an organisation where it is possible to give hard sanctions.

We are not able to have a huge influence just taking back money or something like this. We must work with dialogue, dialogue, dialogue, and to ensure that we are progressing together. And it is not always progressing in the right direction at the moment, but that we are progressing together being members of the same family.

That's exactly why we have the European Convention on Human Rights. It is a commitment to be a member of the Council of Europe. And that's why we have the European Court of Human Rights addressing violations. And that is why we have the execution followed by the Committee of Ministers.

It's really stressing as a model to have the political level following the executions of the decisions of the court, the legal level.

Back to Türkiye. I want also to take this occasion to recall that it is an obligation to have the respect for freedom of peaceful assembly. It is an obligation to respect also the freedom of expression, the media freedom. And about the arrest and detention of Istanbul Mayor Mr Ekrem İMAMOĞLU, it is clear that it raised legitimate questions.

We see this, we all see this. The question is, what can we do right now to address the issue and to have a progression in the right direction knowing that we have also — between the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Committee of Ministers, Congress and the Secretariat — different roles.

We want the same thing at the end. We want to reach the same thing, the commitments to the Convention, the commitments to the freedoms I mentioned before. But we are also playing different roles in these elements. That's why these messages have been passed on to the authorities for my part, with whom I am in constant contact. And I can also inform you that I will also be at the Antalya Diplomacy Forum on Saturday, that means in Antalya, and I will be going to Ankara to an official visit in the coming weeks.

It is also a good occasion exactly to recall all those principles and those really important elements.

I can just one more time recall the importance of the commitment that we have being a member of the Council of Europe.

About the artificial intelligence...

Mr Alain BERSET

Secretary General of the Council of Europe

16:05:41

I will maybe answer this in German or try to answer in German. Thank you for the question.

Artificial intelligence is still a huge challenge for all of us. We realise once again, week after week, how important it is. It is particularly important that we have a convention on artificial intelligence. We have had very good developments in this area. You may have seen that we now not only have the entire EU on board, not only many countries from the European continent. We also not only have Israel and the USA on board, as we did at the beginning, we also have Canada and Japan, which have recently joined us. I would hope that ratification processes would allow us to have this convention in force this year. That is the first point.

The second point is that we need to address this in the democratic pact. We really need to address this because it is also part, as I have mentioned before, it is part of the challenge we have today for a functioning democracy. That is an important second element.

A third element. I know that your Assembly is also working in this direction when we have this in the Secretariat. It is also important that we do not ignore what is happening, also with regard to our work: that we also try to see what it can do for us or where the dangers are.

It is a tool, it is an instrument. We must do everything we can to ensure that this instrument is not simply used negatively, which would also be a problem, but that we can simply get the maximum out of it. This Convention that we have is a very strong step in this direction. I can only remind you that this is the first Convention that exists on this topic that is truly "legally binding" for all parties involved.

We have high hopes that we can do something good and positive for this whole challenge.

Debate (continued): Foreign interference: a threat to democratic security in Europe

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

16:07:54

Dear Secretary General, dear colleagues,

You all know that for the questions to the Secretary General there is a time limit of 30 minutes. We have already gone past 35 minutes.

I would like to thank you warmly, for being with us today and for your kindness in asking questions. Thank you so much.

So, dear colleagues, the next item of business this afternoon is to continue this morning's debate on the report titled "Foreign Interference: a threat to democratic security in Europe", which was presented this morning by Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA on behalf of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy.

We will now continue hearing from registered speakers.

We expect to conclude the debate and consideration of amendments at 4:50 p.m.

I remind members that the speaking time limit is two minutes.

In the debate, I call next Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK.

Yevheniia, you have the floor.

Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK

Ukraine, ALDE

16:09:00

Thank you, President.

Dear colleagues,

It's an extremely important report that Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA prepared and also a very important side event that was organised by the Latvian delegation, and we talked a lot about AI.

And that's actually what I also want to draw your attention to. Because this propaganda, especially the Russian interference with state media, with propagandists, with different networks of pseudo-experts and pseudo-journalists, is just the tip of an iceberg. Because right now, Russia is using all possible AI tools to fuel their disinformation campaign.

And I'll just give you a few numbers. According to a recent NewsGuard report, Russia's disinformation network, Pravda – and Pravda translates as "truth" – is using AI chatbots to spread fake news and propaganda. The audit showed that 10 leading AI tools repeated fakes from this network in 33% of cases. In 2023 alone, Pravda published over 3.6 million articles that reached popular AI systems made by Microsoft, Google, OpenAI and others. They spread at least 207 confirmed fake stories, most of them about Ukraine.

And actually, now they're changing the narratives. They stopped criticising America, and they're trying to fuel the conflict between the Western allies. And what is the answer? I'm sure that we cannot just sit and wait and not develop our AI tools. Look at the platforms. All of them are either China or Russia or the United States. Europe has to invest in its own tools, develop them, and even develop its own data centres, because we need this infrastructure to be competitive and to be relevant.

Thank you so much, and thanks again to the rapporteur.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

16:11:07

Thank you, Yevheniia.

Ms Atidzhe ALIEVA-VELI is next.

Ms Atidzhe ALIEVA-VELI

Bulgaria, NR

16:11:12

Thank you, President.

Dear colleagues, nowadays democracy and democratic societies face a number of challenges and are exposed to pressures from foreign influence, growing extremism, interference in elections, dissemination of manipulative or false information.

Defending democracy, democratic principles and values are our responsibility and require our efforts on a daily basis.

Speaking of foreign influence of autocratic countries like Russia and China, let me also underline the systematic influence and pressure on political environment of Soros' NGOs like Open Society, including in my country Bulgaria.

We should not ignore China's growing economic influence on the Balkans and in the EU.

This influence consists of the financing of large infrastructure projects, the purchase of agricultural land, investments in production facilities.

I'd like also to remind you about the last scandal involving the Chinese company Huawei, which has affected the European Parliament and represent China's influence at the highest level.

This involvement in this kind of corruption scandal of members of the European Parliament and their assistance from various countries reveals the widespread and deep foreign influence.

In conclusion, the report is a first step in our efforts for stronger democracies.

However, decisive steps and common efforts are a must when it comes to achieving good results in all international alliances and organisations. And working at all levels: international, national, regional, and local. And of course involving governments, institutions, different organisations and stakeholders.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:13:20

Thank you very much.

The next speaker will be Ms ZABURANNA.

Ms Lesia ZABURANNA

Ukraine, ALDE

16:13:26

Thank you very much.

First of all, I would like to say thank you very much to the rapporteur for such fantastic work. As a member of the Ukrainian delegation, its a matter of fact that when we discuss foreign interference, especially in the light of electoral processes, the primary focus is on Russia.

This state has a proven track record of actively working to undermine the integrity of democratic elections through various means, including disinformation campaigns, cyberattacks, and efforts to influence public opinion.

Russia's interference, whether in elections or elsewhere, is a long game. Many of these methods are employed long before the election takes place and, as the campaigns unfold, they are only intensified. This is a method characterised by prolonged pre-election groundwork that escalates during campaigns. This strategy prioritises the slow, deliberate erosion of democratic trust and systems. There is no universal method for election interference operation. Each case involves a unique combination of strategies shaped by Russian objectives. It's also crucial to note that Russia aims to foster division and weaken the trust in our democratic institution by manipulating election-related narratives.

Key areas of focus have been discrediting Ukrainian capacity to conduct free and fair elections under martial law, with efforts to undermine its credibility in this regard. It's vital to remember that Russia's interference extends far beyond the electoral process. It encompasses the manipulation of media landscapes, the financing of extremist groups, and the weaponisation of energy supplies and others.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:15:38

Thank you very much, Madam ZABURANNA.

And now it's Ms Belén HOYO. You have the floor.

Ms Belén HOYO

Spain, EPP/CD

16:15:45

Thank you, President.

First of all, I would like to commend the rapporteur, and also Ms Valentina MARTÍNEZ who came before her, because of course we are dealing with an issue which we believe to be of the utmost importance.

The obsession of certain foreign powers, such as Russia, with influencing democratic processes in the region is quite concerning. This kind of interference can manifest in many ways, and sometimes it can be difficult to detect.

In my country, Spain, there have been various cases of Russian interference, including the support of political parties as well as separatist movements. For example, in 2017 it was proven that Russia had supported the Catalan separatist movement by offering financing and logistical support.

Specifically, new technologies are a threat for us but they are also an opportunity for those who want to have an influence outside their borders. For this reason, it is essential that we improve security to protect political systems from such cyberattacks. We must also promote education and awareness about foreign interference and the effect it has on democracy, freedom and human rights. Of course, we must also improve transparency and accountability in political and electoral processes to prevent the influence of these foreign actors.

At this point in time, I think the majority of countries are vulnerable to such interference and we must change this. We must seek the right tools and adopt the necessary national laws to put a stop to this type of interference, as they constitute an attack on all the values for which we have been fighting for so long.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:17:34

Thank you very much.

And now the next speaker is Ms MEZENTSEVA-FEDORENKO. You have the floor.

Ms Mariia MEZENTSEVA-FEDORENKO

Ukraine, EPP/CD

16:17:43

Hello, colleagues. Thank you for this opportunity.

I also would like to thank Valentina MARTÍNEZ, our Spanish colleague, for initiating this, and Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA for getting together all the important amendments and for your presence, colleagues, in very high numbers.

I want to start with the draft recommendation. Indeed, the foreign interference today seeks to undermine electoral processes in your home countries. Russia's specific interference was trying to elect, on your behalf, another president, other members of parliament, and other representatives of local communities.

It also erodes trust in politicians, in state institutions, in international law. It continues to distort political decision making and exactly what we are doing here in passing the resolutions.

But I will tell you, colleagues, what the real interference is. On the same day in 2014, on 8 April, we witnessed the leaving of the Russians and unknown pro-Russian activists from my home city, Kharkiv, when the regional building of administration was released from them. That was an interference to turn Kharkiv from a Ukrainian into a sort of Russian city. Interference is when your relative is in captivity and you can't call, text or hug him or her. Interference is when the rocket arrives at the playground and kills the children and civilians, and ends up being portrayed as the NATO base gathering of foreign fighters. Interference is where media is being absolutely misused to lie, to talk about the fake information and to mingle the minds of the youngest – the youth – and to influence your future and your decision making. This is what real interference is. I call you to support this resolution and to support all the amendments passed.

Thank you very much.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:19:51

Thank you very much. And the next speaker is Mr James MACCLEARY.

You have the floor.

Mr James MACCLEARY

United Kingdom, ALDE

16:19:58

European democracy faces an insidious and escalating threat from foreign interference.

From election-meddling to cyber attacks, authoritarian regimes exploit our openness and seek to undermine from within.

These threats are not abstract. Russia has interfered across Europe and flooded social media with disinformation. The influence of Russian State has been overt in recent elections in Moldova and Romania and elsewhere.

We ignore it at our peril. We have seen where it can lead with Russia's unprovoked assault on Ukraine.

China, too, has used economic leverage and social media platforms to silence critics and apply pressure to nations that it wishes to influence or control. Complacency is not an option. Europe needs a robust response, stronger cybersecurity, transparent political funding, and tough sanctions against those responsible.

The withdrawal of the United States is deeply regrettable. President TRUMP's decision to end funding for Radio Free Europe was a gift to Vladimir PUTIN and aspiring autocrats everywhere. We've seen across the world when pro-democracy broadcasters, including our own BBC World Service, withdraw, Russia and China quickly move to fill the space.

The EU and European governments must work together to safeguard and promote these invaluable voices against disinformation. We must build public resilience through media literacy, independent journalism, and accountable social media platforms. We need enforceable laws and real political courage, with a willingness to confront authoritarian regimes - not just with words, but with actions. This is the defining challenge of our era. If we fail, we risk sleepwalking into a future where democracy is no longer the default, where foreign powers dictate elections and corrode public trust. We cannot afford that future. Our sovereignty is not for sale. This fight isn't just about elections or security. It's about who we are as free societies, and what we're willing to do to defend that freedom.

Let's meet this challenge united, determined and resolute.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:21:57

Thank you very much.

And now the next speaker will be Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO.

You have the floor.

Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO

Ukraine, EPP/CD

16:22:08

Dear colleagues, do you know why this report is important?

I can tell you that maybe it's the first time that we discuss defence and national security as one action of our attentions here.

We often were told that we, in the Council of Europe, we are not dealing with defence and security, but now we're talking about what is the place of the foreign interference within national security frameworks.

I think it's a core question that all of us must understand, that foreign interference brings dangers to our democracies, and it should be a part of our national security strategies.

I want to warn and to ask you to look at the specific areas where this foreign interference is happening that we were discussing here.

Of course, there is a political arena when there are political movements, parties that are financed by unknown or known sources but from the foreign impact. We also have an economic arena, where the land or companies can be bought by certain companies to get more influence. There is a cyberarea. But there is also one other area that I want to mention here, but very carefully.

Do you know that the Russian Church is, unfortunately, creating more and more branches among many military objects around many of your member states? It was happening in Ukraine before the full scale invasion. They were using the Church as the foreign interference. Look it up and take care of your democracies very wisely.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:24:07

 Thank you very much.

And now I leave the floor for Mr Benoît LUTGEN.

Mr Benoît LUTGEN

Belgium, ALDE

16:24:16

Mister Chairman,

Dear colleagues,

First of all, I'd like to thank the rapporteur for the quality of her work. I had the pleasure of taking part in the "Qatargate" committee, the European Parliament's Interference Committee, and the work proposed today is largely inspired by it.

Of course, a whole series of measures has already been taken in the European Union to counter such interference, manipulation and disinformation, notably through the legislation proposed by Mr BRETON. Progress has also been made in this area following various cases of manipulation that have been expressed here in this House.

That said, I think it is important, and this has been said by various speakers, to insist on the need for much greater autonomy, strategic autonomy in the digital field in particular, to counter this type of interference.

Of course, education must also be at the very heart of the fight against disinformation, but the digital giants, which are partly owned by outside countries, notably China and Russia, are extremely powerful vectors of disinformation and manipulation.

The European Union, and through those who are not part of it, must be able to develop this type of strategy and strengthen its strategic autonomy in the digital field; in other fields too, in defense, in food, in health, if I may take a few examples to illustrate my point, or in energy, since we have been able to show just how much, each time there were weaknesses in terms of dependence, each time the door was open to interference, to greater interference.

So, yes, sovereignty and strategic autonomy are the best possible protection against any form of interference.

Thank you very much.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:26:16

Thank you very much.

And now I give the floor to Ms Marijana PULJAK. You have the floor.

Ms Marijana PULJAK

Croatia, ALDE

16:26:26

Dear colleagues,

Foreign interference is a growing threat to our democracies. Disinformation, cyberattacks, covert financial operations aim to undermine elections, divide societies and erode public trust. These threats must be addressed. But let us also be careful not to react with fear alone.

As someone who strongly supports innovation and new technologies, I want to emphasise that artificial intelligence is not only a threat, it is also an opportunity. Artificial intelligence can strengthen democracy if we use it wisely. It can help identify disinformation faster, protect electoral integrity and promote civic engagement. It can improve transparency, support fact-checking and enable better public service.

That is why the Vilnius Convention on Artificial Intelligence is so important. It provides a framework that protects fundamental rights while allowing responsible innovation to thrive. This Assembly must send a clear message that democratic resilience requires not just defence, but vision. A vision where artificial intelligence and new technologies serve people, not manipulate them.

We must also avoid laws that, under the protect of fighting interference, silence civil society or restrict freedoms, defending democracy must never mean compromising its core values.

Let us act with courage, not panic. Let us show that democracy can evolve, not retreat. And let us ensure that the digital age becomes a time of renewed strength for our democratic institutions. They say that Europe regulates and others innovate. Let's show them that we can do both.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:28:36

Thank you very much.

And now the floor is given to Mr Stéphane MAZARS.

You have the floor.

Mr Stéphane MAZARS

France, ALDE

16:28:45

Mister Chairman,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Foreign interference is no longer a hypothesis. It is a very real weapon, polymorphous, often invisible, always insidious. And today, the Russian Federation is one of its most active agents.

As our colleague Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA rigorously points out in his report, Europe is facing a systematic destabilisation strategy based on the erosion of trust, the manipulation of information and the exploitation of our freedoms.

From the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and on to the all-out war of aggression in Ukraine, via interference in the 2017 French presidential elections, the Brexit referendum or, more recently, the Romanian and Moldovan ballots, Russia is deploying co-ordinated operations of disinformation, political corruption, and cyberattacks. This is not a series of isolated incidents; it's an organised system with a meticulously prepared modus operandi. The report refers to, and I quote, "the militarisation of disinformation and the use of proxy actors to corrupt, divide, and buy votes".

In Romania, in 2024, the presidential election had to be annulled by the Constitutional Court after evidence of interference operations using artificial intelligence. This is a serious precedent and a wake-up call for future elections in many of our countries.

It would be naïve to think that our institutions are immune. In France, we know that our own democracy is under pressure. When Marine LE PEN was convicted by the French courts last week, Vladimir PUTIN's spokesman and Viktor ORBÁN were the first to react and support her.

Foreign interference, particularly from Russia, is primarily directed against our rule of law and democratic principles. In the face of this, our response cannot be timid. It must be firm and swift.

I say this with all seriousness. If we allow fear or denial to dictate our choices, Russia will not need to hack our ballot boxes. It will have won.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:30:54

Thank you very much.

And now the last speaker will be Ms Larysa BILOZIR.

You have the floor.

Ms Larysa BILOZIR

Ukraine, ALDE

16:31:01

Dear colleagues, It's a record. I'm the last one in the list of 33.

Dear President, Dear colleagues, first of all, many thanks to Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA for such a timely report that highlights all the threats of interference into our democratic systems.

In Ukraine, we have been experiencing and observing Russian interference in our political system for decades.

Today, during the Russian war of aggression, they use unacceptable actions, disinformation, psychological campaigns. They use even computer games manipulating and forcing teenagers and children to indicate and identify critical infrastructure for further missile attacks.

What is most disturbing is the disinformation campaign that Russia is conducting now in Europe. We saw this in the Moldovan, Romanian and Georgian elections. In the information field, Russia is spreading narratives in the EU aimed at strengthening existing Euroscepticism.

Russia pays and uses bloggers with millions of viewers all over the world where Russians are pictured as savers of the world and not the killers of civilians.

Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK spoke today about this network called Pravda (truth). I want to stress thousands of Telegrams and websites that spread more than 3.6 million articles only last year. And it is used to manipulate artificial intelligence in all of our languages and directly news goes there from Russian state media. And such leading chatbots like ChatGPT and Meta AI they repeat now Kremlin narratives.

So all of this clearly shows that we don't do enough as the report suggests.

We need strong national strategies to protect our countries.

Going forward we must be together to ensure that authoritarian regimes do not interfere in our democracies.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:33:25

Thank you very much.

And this concludes the list of speakers.

I now call on the rapporteur, Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICAM, to reply.

And you have 3 minutes.

Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA

Latvia, EPP/CD, Rapporteur

16:33:43

Thank you so much, Chair.

Many, many thanks to all of the colleagues who talked today in the morning session and now in the afternoon. It's been a lively, vivid and very, very important debate. I appreciate all your contributions, as I appreciated it during the development of this report and that shows that it is a common contribution and common effort that we plan to adopt today.

Allow me to start with a sentence: I concluded my remarks during this morning session that indeed, this Assembly has an opportunity to take a stand, to fortify our democratic resilience and send an unmistakable message. We will not be divided. We will not be manipulated. And we will not allow foreign interference to undermine the foundations of our democracies. So it is not just about defending ourselves from external threats. It is about safeguarding the very principles that define us: free and fair elections, open public debate and the right of our citizens to shape their own future without foreign coercion.

Colleagues, the strength of our democracies lies not only in our institutions, but in our collective determination to uphold them. So let us act with resolve. Let us ensure that our democracies remain free, strong and beyond the reach of those who would seek to undermine them.

Many, many thanks to all of you. And thank you to the Committee, to the Secretariat, and to the chair of the Committee that allowed us together to work to prepare this report. I invite you to support it. Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:35:53

Thank you very much, Zanda.

And now the Chairperson of the Committee. Mister Bouyx, do you want to speak?

Mr Bertrand BOUYX

France, ALDE, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy

16:36:07

I'll say a few words at the end of the report.

Vote: Foreign interference: a threat to democratic security in Europe

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:36:19

So, dear colleagues, the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy has presented a draft resolution, to which 15 amendments and four sub-amendments have been tabled, and a draft recommendation, to which no amendments have been tabled. We will now begin by considering the draft resolution.

I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that amendments 3, 13 and 11 to the draft resolution, which were unanimously approved by the Committee, be declared as definitively approved.

Is that so, Mister Bouyx?

Mr Bertrand BOUYX

France, ALDE, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy

16:37:04

That's right, Mister Chairman.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:37:07

Thank you.

If no one objects, I will consider the amendments to be approved.

Is there any objection?

That is not the case.

So Amendments 3, 13 and 11 to the draft resolutions are therefore approved and will not be called.

Now, I also understand that the chairperson of the committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendments 9, 10, 1, 8, 5, 6 and 12 to the draft resolutions, which are rejected by the committee with a two-thirds majority, be declared as definitively rejected.

Is that so, Mister Bouyx?

Mr Bertrand BOUYX

France, ALDE, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy

16:37:59

Mister Chairman, that's right.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:38:04

If no one objects, I'll consider the amendments to be rejected.

Is there any objection?

Yes.

Mr Paweł JABŁOŃSKI

Poland, ECPA

16:38:11

I object to the rejection of Amendments 10 and 12.

And may I please ask my colleagues to support my objection to stand up.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:38:51

Thank you very much.

So we will discuss Amendments 10 and 12.

Are there any other objections, Mister Hunko?

Mr Andrej HUNKO

Germany, UEL

16:39:05

We object to Amendment 1.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:39:11

Are there 10?

Okay, we will also discuss Amendment 1.

Thank you very much.

So I don't see any further objections.

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, ECPA

16:39:41

Mister Chair,

Amendments 5 and 6. I didn't understand what was with them? They are rejected by... Do they need to stand up or not?

Amendments 5 and 6?

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:40:00

Five and six were rejected with a two-thirds majority.

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, ECPA

16:40:03

Yes. I also insist on working on these amendments, and I ask the colleagues to support. It is about Russian intervention and interference, about Russian journalists and oligarchs, so they are very important amendments. I ask our colleagues to stand up.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:40:24

So are you 10 members who support this? Okay.

Then we will deal also with Amendments 5 or 6.

So that concludes that we will deal with the Amendments 1, 5, 6, 10, and 12.

And 9 and 8 are definitively rejected.

Okay, good. So we start off with the amendments, and the first one is Amendment 10.

And I call Mr Paweł JABŁOŃSKI to support Amendment 10.

You have 30 seconds.

Mr Paweł JABŁOŃSKI

Poland, ECPA

16:41:13

Thank you, Mister President.

Dear colleagues, this is a very simple amendment that adds a quite significant example of Russian interference in the elections in my country, Poland, in 2023.

The government admits it and also the opposition has seen it. There was interference. It is being investigated. If we list other examples, we see no reason why this should be omitted. We should call it out for what it is and condemn and denounce all Russian interference.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:41:44

Thank you.

Does anyone want to speak against the amendment?

Yes, you have the floor.

Mr Marek BOROWSKI

Poland, EPP/CD

16:42:01

Mister Chair,

Of course, the interference of Russia in practically almost all elections is obvious. But this amendment suggests that this interference in Poland, if any, can be comparable with the interference in Romania and Moldova and had an impact on the outcome of the election, which is not true.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:42:44

Thank you very much.

I remind that the committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.

And I shall now put the amendment to the vote.

And the vote is open.

And now the vote is closed.

And I call for the result to be displayed.

The amendment is rejected.

 

And now we go to Amendment 1.

And I call Ms Laura CASTEL to support Amendment 1.

You have 30 seconds.

Ms Laura CASTEL

Spain, UEL

16:43:54

Yes. Four years ago, the Spanish National Court (SNC) filed this case, and last March the Supreme Court of Spain filed and annulled this case. So after judicial investigation of these allegations, there is no case of foreign interference in Catalonia. Besides, affirming that a referendum is a coup d'etat contravenes common sense and previous resolutions of this Parliamentary Assembly, in reference to the Catalan case. I would therefore like to delete this reference regarding the Catalan case.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:44:33

Thank you, Madam Castel.

Does anybody want to speak against the amendment?

Yes, Mister Hispán.

Mr Pablo HISPÁN

Spain, EPP/CD

16:44:40

Thank you, Chair.

The political crisis that happened in Catalonia in 2017 was a clear example of foreign interference. RT and Sputnik distributed nearly 48 000 posts and news about the coup d'état. And those were read by 126 million people. News like tanks in the street of Catalonia, a map that shown a majority of countries recognising the independence of Catalonia, or quotes that independent Catalonia will recognise the independence of Crimea.

There were congress for the pro-independent parties in Moscow, FSB activities in Barcelona, or travel of officials from Catalan government to Moscow. It was a clear example of foreign interference.

Thank you very much.

 

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:45:23

Thank you.

The committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.

I will now put the amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

Yes, it is.

Now the vote is closed.

And I call for the result to be displayed.

And Amendment 1 is rejected.

We now move to Amendment 2. And I call on Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO to support Amendment 2. You have 30 seconds.

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, ECPA

16:46:20

Dear colleagues,

It is a very important amendment as this is the essence of what we are working on in this report. By the way, I want to thank the rapporteur for their brilliant work in this direction, because this is about how Russia makes this interference. They are not just sitting in Moscow, thinking about Europe. No, there are instruments and these instruments are, for example, their propaganda. So we need to name it and name it, and fight against it. So I ask to support. Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:46:58

Thank you, Oleksii.

And now I call Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA to support the sub-amendment on behalf of the committee.

Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA

Latvia, EPP/CD, Rapporteur

16:47:12

Yes, dear colleagues.

We discussed in the committee and suggested a sub-amendment, because the committee suggests as a general approach, not to mention new examples in the report that the committee did not examine during the elaboration of the report.

In line with the position set out in the committee, we therefore seek to delete the second sentence with the specific names mentioned here while maintaining the rest of the text.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:47:50

Thank you.

Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-amendment?

And what is the opinion of Mister Goncharenko?

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, ECPA

16:48:02

For me personally, I think it is important to name evil. To call a spade a spade. However, I have a lot of respect for the Committee and the Rapporteur, so I agree with this proposition in order to be in consensus. Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:48:18

Thank you.

And the committee is in favour of the sub-amendment and I shall now put that to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

And the sub-amendment is agreed to.

 

Now we come to the main amendment too, as amended.

Does anyone want to speak against the amendment as amended?

Doesn't seem so.

And what is the opinion of the committee on the amendment as amended?

Mr Bertrand BOUYX

France, ALDE, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy

16:49:25

The amendment was accepted by a large majority.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:49:31

So the committee is in favour and I shall now put the amendment as amended to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

And I call for the result to be displayed.

And Amendment 2 as amended is agreed to.

Thank you very much.

And now we go to Amendment 4.

And also here there's a sub-amendment, and I call Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO to support Amendment 4. You have 30 seconds.

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, ECPA

16:50:18

Thank you very much, Chair.

Dear colleagues, one more instrument of Russian interference is economics.

They're using these oligarchs, tycoons, who are the pockets of Mr Vladimir PUTIN. And for example, Mr Vladimir LISIN, Russian oligarch and PUTIN's pocket is the key figure in Russian defence industry. He repeatedly pressured the Belgian government by threatening to shut down one of the factories and losing nearly 1 000 jobs in order not to be sanctioned.

It's something unacceptable. And that's why I think we should mention this, too.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:50:56

Thank you.

And I call now on the rapporteur to support the sub-amendment on behalf of the Committee.

Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA

Latvia, EPP/CD, Rapporteur

16:51:04

Dear colleagues, again, the committee sought to maintain a position of not introducing new specific examples not studied by the committee into the resolution.

We, therefore, seek to delete the second sentence with specific names from the resolution, while maintaining the beginning and the essence of the amendment.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:51:26

Thank you very much.

What is the opinion of Mr GONCHARENKO on this sub-amendment?

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, ECPA

16:51:33

Thank you.

Again, I think it would be great to name the evil who it is. But again, with all respect to the committee and the rapporteur, I thank you that you support the main idea of the amendment. So I agree and support this. Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:51:49

Thank you.

And the committee is in favour of the sub-amendment.

I now call for a vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

And I call for the result to be displayed.

The sub-amendment is agreed to.

 

And now we come to the main Amendment 4 as amended.

Does anyone want to speak against the main amendment as amended?

Doesn't seem like that.

So what is the opinion of the committee on the amendment?

Mr Bertrand BOUYX

France, ALDE, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy

16:52:38

The amendment was adopted unanimously.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:52:44

The committee is in favour unanimously.

And I now put the amendment as amended to the vote.

The vote is open.

And the vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment 4 as amended is agreed.

And now we go to Amendment 15.

And also here there's a sub-amendment.

I call Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS to support Amendment 15. You have 30 seconds, Emanuelis.

Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS

Lithuania, EPP/CD

16:53:34

Thank you.

To support Ammendment 15. Yes. To support the radio station Free Europe, and other mass media that transfer a free voice to Russia, where there is no freedom in mass media. Considering that today, Russia and the Chinese propaganda machine are working in Latin America, Africa, and Europe, we would like to support the free mass media that is currently under pressure to close.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:54:14

Thank you.

I now call the rapporteur to support the sub-amendment on behalf of the committee.

Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA

Latvia, EPP/CD, Rapporteur

16:54:22

Dear colleagues,

The committee absolutely supports this idea.

But we prefer to suggest to put a full stop after the words "independent media". Therefore, we suggest the deletion of the very ending and last phrase, "to concentrate on affirmative action member states can take".

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:54:43

Thank you.

Does anyone want to speak against the sub-amendment?

That is not the case.

What is Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS's opinion on the sub-amendment?

Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS

Lithuania, EPP/CD

16:54:55

I am absolutely in favour of that.

It's a very clever amendment.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:55:00

Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS is in favour and the committee is in favour of the sub-amendment.

So I will now put it to the vote.

The vote is open.

And the vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

 

The sub-amendment is agreed to.

 

We now come to the main Amendment 15 as amended.

Does anyone want to speak against the amendment as amended?

No.

What is the opinion of the committee on the amendment?

Mr Bertrand BOUYX

France, ALDE, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy

16:55:47

It's a sub-amended amendment that was adopted unanimously.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:55:52

The committee is in favour.

I will now put the amendment as amended to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

 

Amendment 15, as amended, is agreed.

 

We now move to Amendment 7.

I call Ms Marijana PULJAK to support Amendment 7.

You have 30 seconds.

Ms Marijana PULJAK

Croatia, ALDE

16:56:36

Thank you.

This amendment underlines that artificial intelligence is not only a risk, but on the other hand, an opportunity, an opportunity and tool to strengthen democracy, support fact-checking and improve transparency and enhance public services in line with our own Vilnius Convention.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:56:59

Thank you.

Does anyone want to speak against the amendment?

That's not the case.

What is the opinion of the committee on the amendment?

Mr Bertrand BOUYX

France, ALDE, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy

16:57:13

This amendment was adopted by a large majority.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:57:20

The committee is in favour of the amendment.

I will now put it to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the results.

 

Amendment 7 is carried.

 

Now we go to Amendment 14.

Also here there's a sub-amendment. I call on Ms Olena KHOMENKO to support Amendment 14.

You have 30 seconds.

 

Ms Mariia MEZENTSEVA-FEDORENKO

Ukraine, EPP/CD

16:58:09

Yes, President, Ms Olena KHOMENKO is absent. I will speak as the co-author of the amendment.

We suggest adding to the text that it "considers any measures in support of 'anti-war movements' should be applied only in exceptional cases when persons who have genuine and substantiated evidence of persecution and pressure from the Russian authorities" – so not the fake ones – "for their true and sincere anti-war beliefs."

Thank you very much. I highly ask for your support.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:58:44

Thank you very much.

I ask the rapporteur to support the sub-amendment on behalf of the committee.

You have the floor.

Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA

Latvia, EPP/CD, Rapporteur

16:58:53

It is more editorial, so we suggest the insertion of "so-called" as it brings the text into line with the previous text suggested by Madam KHOMENKO in another amendment. Just align the language.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:59:11

Thank you.

Anyone wish to speak against the sub-amendment?

That's not the case.

So, yes?

Ms Mariia MEZENTSEVA-FEDORENKO

Ukraine, EPP/CD

16:59:23

In favour, President.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

16:59:25

You are in favour.

The committee is obviously in favour of the sub-amendment.

I will put it to the vote.

The vote is open.

I close the vote.

I call for the result.

 

The sub-amendment is agreed to.

 

Now we come to the main Amendment 14, as amended.

Does anyone want to speak against the amendment, as amended?

That's not the case.

What is the opinion of the committee on the amendment, as amended?

Mr Bertrand BOUYX

France, ALDE, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy

17:00:08

The amendment was adopted by a large majority, Mister President.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:00:14

The committee is in favour with a large majority.

I will now put the amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

We close the vote and call for results.

 

Amendment 14, as amended, is agreed.

 

Now we move to Amendment 5.

I call for Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO to support Amendment 5.

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, ECPA

17:00:50

Thank you.

Thank you, Chair.

This amendment, if we call and we decided that Russian propaganda is the mechanism, in this case we need to call to stop this mechanism.

So, it says "the calls on member states to establish a sanction mechanism", and then speaking about Russian propaganda. I think this is very important if we just don't want to name the problem, but to try to solve the problem.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:01:19

Thank you.

Does anyone want to speak against the amendment?

That is not the case.

Then... okay, Mister Hispán?

Mr Pablo HISPÁN

Spain, EPP/CD

17:01:36

I think that the amendment is not necessary.

The rest of the text includes enough references, so I think that we must follow the decision of the rapporteur.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:01:52

Thank you very much.

The committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.

I will now put it to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

 

Amendment 5 is rejected.

 

We now move to Amendment 6, and I call Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO to support Amendment 6.

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, ECPA

17:02:38

Colleagues,

With all due respect, I really can't understand. If we say this is the problem, do we need to solve the problem or not?

This amendment calls on member states to strengthen and strictly enforce sanctions against Russian state funded media, which remain widely accessible despite existing restrictions.

We said previously they are propaganda. If we're saying they're propaganda, we should stop it. Otherwise, what's the sense?

I really can't understand why we are not voting. So, I asked to vote for.

Thank you.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:03:11

Thank you.

Does anyone want to speak against Amendment 6? That is not the case.

The committee rejected the amendment with a two-thirds majority. I will now put the amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for a result to be displayed.

 

And Amendment 6 is rejected.

 

We move now to Amendment 12, and I call Mr Paweł JABŁOŃSKI to support Amendment 12.

You have 30 seconds,

Mr Paweł JABŁOŃSKI

Poland, ECPA

17:04:08

Thank you, Mister President.

Dear colleagues, this amendment is in fact more general.

I understand that those two previous amendments were quite specific. I also supported them. But I believe that addressing the issue that we are faced with, that there are some organisations that are disguised as NGOs, but in fact are being funded by foreign governments.

We all know of this mechanism called "Rossotrudnichestvo" with which Russia is financing NGOs all across the world. Other countries are doing it as well. We should condemn it. We should denounce it. This is why this paragraph is an addition that is worthwhile to add.

I urge you to vote in favour.

Mr Mogens JENSEN

Denmark, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:04:49

Thank you.

Does anyone want to speak against the amendment?

That is not the case.

The committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.

I will now put it to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result.

 

Amendment 12 is rejected.

 

Now we will proceed to vote on the draft resolution as amended.

A simple majority is required here.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the results.

 

The draft resolution, as amended, is adopted.

 

We will now proceed to vote on the draft recommendation contained in Doc. 16131. I remind you that here we need a two-thirds majority.

The vote open.

The vote is closed.

 

The draft recommendation is adopted.

 

Congratulations.

Current affairs debate: Protests and rallies in the Western Balkans and Central Europe

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:08:02

Colleagues,

The next business this afternoon is the current affairs debate on protests and rallies in the Western Balkans and Central Europe. The debate is limited to a maximum of 1 hour 30 minutes, and speaking time is limited to 2 minutes for all members except the first speaker, who is chosen by the Bureau and allowed 7 minutes.

The debate will therefore end at 6:00 p.m.

In the debate, I call the first speaker, Mr George PAPANDREOU.

You have 7 minutes.

Colleagues, can I ask you now, please, to take your seats. We need to start the next debate.

Mister Papandreou.

Mr George PAPANDREOU

Greece, SOC

17:10:09

Dear fellow Europeans,

From Sarajevo to Sofia, from Belgrade to Bratislava, from Budapest to Bucharest, from Athens to Istanbul, people are rising up not with violence, but with courage and hope with a desire for dignity and democracy.

In Skopje, their slogan echoes "Who is next?" after a fire in Kočani stole the lives of 59 young people, victims of corruption and neglect.

In Bratislava, Slovak and European Union (EU) flags fly side-by-side as crowds declare "Slovakia is Europe", "Our future is freedom".

In Türkiye, millions take to the streets after Mayor İMAMOĞLU and opposition leaders are jailed. They chant, "Laws, rights, justice", "Respect the people's will".

In Greece, the words of a young victim of the Tempi train crash, "I have no oxygen", have become a symbol of Hellenism's fight against corrupt management, demanding justice and accountability.

From student-led actions after floods in Sarajevo to marches in Montenegro after mass shootings, citizens are standing up not for ideology, but for dignity. Not for slogans, but for truth. In Serbia, the train station tragedy sparked a democratic awakening. A peaceful, Gandhian-like youth movement, fighting corruption with humour, song, and solidarity. Students, teachers, artists, grandparents. A living movement of renewal. Town halls are filling, universities are speaking out. Meals are cooked to nourish the souls of protesters. They do not wave the flag of Europe, perhaps out of disappointment, but make no mistake, they carry Europe's deepest values. Democracy, justice, human dignity, freedom of press. They demand a government that respects the rule of law.

But how they act inspires even more. With deliberation, with respect, with creativity. They are not waiting for democracy; they are practicing it. Let us be proud of them, because, my friends, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, we believed democracy had triumphed, that our future was safe. But we are brutally reminded, from wars to oligarchic abuse of powers, democracy is not guaranteed. It is a living act, a choice made every day.

Exactly what today's TikTok generation is doing, giving new life to our democracies. They do not fear the future, but they demand the right to shape it. They want no more captured states, no more stolen futures, no more authoritarianism masked as stability. They seek protection not just from military aggression, but from the daily violence of inequality, injustice, corruption, and unchecked power.

This is democratic security, a shield against the rise of the oligarchs who exploit, divide, surveil and dominate, whether here in Europe or across the Atlantic in the United States. But too many governments answer calls for justice with repression, propaganda and blame. Instead of confronting corruption and democratic decay, they shift guilt to scapegoats and claim to defend tradition.

Look at Hungary. Pride parades are banned, yet brave young Hungarians still march for love, for liberty, for the right to be seen. I'm asking you, are NGOs, migrants or LGBTQ movements, are they responsible for hiding rigged contracts and stolen funds in Hungary, as the European Union (EU) has alleged? Or silencing journalists, or dismantling civil society, or controlling courts and parliament and rewriting education to control minds? No. They are used as distractions, a façade, a smokescreen. These measures are not national protection. It is political domination. What is really at stake? Not culture, not tradition, not security, but power. Those who fear they will lose power. Their strategy is built on fear, because when you fear the other, you are more easily controlled.

Friends, we in the Council of Europe must speak clearly. These are not threats to democracy. They are democracy reborn, reminding us that democracy is not a checkbox every four years. It lives in the streets, in voices, in hearts, in the cyclists that are coming to Strasbourg from Serbia with flags, and grandmothers with handwritten signs. They are rebuilding what institutions have eroded: trust, accountability, and hope.

We must act. We must enshrine protections for peaceful protest, investigate abuses like alleged sound cannons in Serbia and surveillance in Hungary. We must engage young people, support civic innovators, give voice to the unheard and call out authoritarianism, from bullying to repression, even when they disguise themselves in the word of patriotism. These movements are not protests. They are an opportunity for us all. They are an opportunity for Serbia. They're an opportunity for Greece, for Turkey, for many of our countries. They are an opportunity to breathe freer, for a more just Europe. They are showing the way. A time to unite Europe when we need unification, when we really need a united and strong Europe, and to unite with its youth.

Let us listen, let us learn, let us stand with them, because a new era is awakening. Let us rise with it.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:16:25

Thank you very much.

Can I remind you, colleagues, this is a time limited debate. It's two minutes to speak. And please, bear in mind, if you go over that, you could be denying somebody else further down the list a chance of taking part in the debate.

We now go to the speakers from the political groups and I call Mr Zsolt NÉMETH on behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots and Affiliates.

Mr Zsolt NÉMETH

Hungary, ECPA, Spokesperson for the group

17:16:48

Thank you very much, President.

Dear colleagues,

I do agree with our rapporteur in the sentence that people are arising and they are standing up. Probably, we don't mean in the same way as the rapporteur thinks, but I believe that the debate about freedom of assembly, about pride demonstrations and about gender is important as it really reflects change in our civilisation.

The West is at a cultural crossroads, in my opinion. Gender mainstreaming or respecting constitutional identities, establishing a culture of tolerance. This is the dilemma.

The USA is also experiencing an anti-woke awakening, Mister rapporteur. Yes, something is happening. Somebody is awakening on both sides of the Atlantic, transforming the approach to questions like migration and to gender.

Hungary, I think, has paved the way, in a way, in Europe. In Hungary, there is no place for gender propaganda of NGOs in schools, no obscenity and nudity in the public space, no gender reassignment surgery for children, and only biological gender recognition of men and women. No men are allowed to do women's sports, and the definition of marriage means one man and one woman, the protection of children, women, marriage and family. This is the revolution that is happening. Thank you very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:19:04

Our next speaker is Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ from the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.

Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ

Bosnia and Herzegovina, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group

17:19:13

Ukrainians banned Russian language.

They banned their alphabet, they robbed their church, and killed civilians in Odessa.

"It is under Mr Vladimir PUTIN's genius leadership that people of Ukraine are being liberated." is today's quote by Serb leader Mr Milorad DODIK in his another praise of the genius of Mr Vladimir PUTIN.

When we talk about the Western Balkans, stereotypes are incredibly politically convenient. They are an anti-intellectual shortcut whose primary purpose is to prevent action and to give us excuses to do nothing. And one of those stereotypes in the Western Balkans is that we can sum up our inaction there on the inevitable inter-ethnic conflicts that happened and will continue repeating.

But that is not actually the truth.

The truth in the Western Balkans is actually that people of the Western Balkans are being victimised by those who claim they represent them and who claim are patriots, extreme nationalists, defending the interests of Serbs, Croats, Northern Macedonians, Bosniaks, Albanians, and so on and so forth.

In this convenient narrative, it is patriotism that they claim to be hiding behind. But the truth is the following.

Mister Vučić and Mister Dodik, if you need to imprison students, if you need to imprison teachers, university professors in order to stay in power, if you need to introduce foreign agent laws, and if you need to imprison journalists and politically prosecute them, then you don't deserve that power and you are not the leadership that Europe deserves.

In that sense, we need to move away from stereotypes and the question of the inevitability of conflict in the Western Balkans and move towards the recognition that our action is necessary in recognising the leaders and students and opposition members who are fighting the good European fight.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:21:34

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Gabrielle CATHALA from the Group of the Unified European Left.

Ms Gabrielle CATHALA

France, UEL, Spokesperson for the group

17:21:39

Thank you, Mister President.

Dear colleagues,

After the collapse of the Novi Sad train station canopy last November, killing 15 people, for whom I would like to spare a thought, the Serbian people entered a citizens' revolution, thanks in particular to their youth.

Right from the start, the students were joined by their professors, rectors, primary and secondary school teachers, lawyers, farmers, judges, cab drivers, and pensioners. These people have risen up against corruption, with Transparency International ranking the country 105th in its index of corruption perceptions, which is endemic in the country, demanding the publication of all documents relating to the restoration of the station and financial reports, criminal proceedings against those responsible for the collapse and those who attacked demonstrators, the dropping of charges against those arrested during the protests, and a reduction in school fees.

Our group supports the Serbian people. The strength of this movement lies in the student plenums set up in all the mobilised universities, where decisions are taken on the principle of direct democracy. This type of general assembly organisation is part of a tradition of student struggles in the Balkans to improve schooling and living conditions for students.

These were the largest demonstrations in the country's contemporary history. Yet, in Western European capitals, silence reigns, just as it does for the mobilisation against the exploitation of the country's natural resources.

Last summer, German Chancellor Olaf SCHOLZ, followed by French President Emmanuel MACRON, visited Belgrade to seal Serbia's European foothold and promote a co-operation agreement with the EU for the import of critical minerals, mainly lithium.

Prosecutor SAVOVIĆ was right when she said recently, "They are completely unmasked. There is nothing left of the values these countries claim to defend".

If the silence of Western European capitals, always ready to give lessons in democracy to the whole world, raises questions, our group recalls that EU diplomacy cannot interfere in Serbia's internal affairs. On the contrary, Europe must follow and observe this citizens' revolution as closely as possible, and learn from it. It must lead to the democratic expression of the Serbian people through the organisation of elections, and not the establishment of a technical government of experts, which is nevertheless presented as a reasonable possible outcome.

Thank you for your attention.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:23:56

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr Axel SCHÄFER from the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.

Mr Axel SCHÄFER

Germany, SOC, Spokesperson for the group

17:24:02

Mister President,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Mr George PAPANDREOU has said everything we need to know about the content, but now I want to talk about the consequences for our house rules. Point 1: We must make ourselves strong in all European institutions, not only here, but also in the EU, in the European political community, that we move in the same direction, but above all that we are loud. There is too much silence on this issue elsewhere in Europe.

The second thing is that we deal with each other honestly here. There are European party families here. Mr Aleksandar VUČIĆ belongs to the Christian Democrats. There must be the same discussion within the Christian Democratic party family as there was 10 years ago with Viktor ORBÄN, when he belonged to it and always invoked the Christian Democratic tradition to implement his dictatorial measures. The third thing is that we are also national delegations here. We must also influence our own governments in our bilateral relations with Serbia to ensure that human rights, freedom of demonstration, and the protection of minorities are also at stake. That is our task and it is difficult when you have to do this with your own chancellor or president, whom you otherwise support. But it is necessary, otherwise we will not make any progress.

Ladies and gentlemen,

This is my last speech today. I have been here for 16 years, representing my country and my party. I have been a Member of Parliament for 27 years, including five years in the European Parliament and 23 years in the Bundestag. I was here in 1980 with the first group of visitors after the direct elections to the European Parliament. This chamber has also become a piece of home for me.

I would like to thank you all for the experience I have had here in these many years since 1980, with so many colleagues from so many countries, with so much enthusiasm, at least among most of them, for Europe.

Let us continue on this path together. Thank you very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:26:18

Axel, thank you very much for your contribution over many years. We will miss your oratory and your passion.

Our final speaker in the political groups is Ms Regina BASTOS of the Group of the European People's Party.

Ms Regina BASTOS

Portugal, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group

17:26:34

Thank you, Mister President.

Colleagues,

Young Serbian students, in very expressive demonstrations, urge an independent judicial system and equal rights.

They call for less corruption and more democracy, transparency, justice, fraternity and responsibility.

A healthy democracy and a solid rule of law are vital achievements to guarantee the future of generations.

It is essential that the Serbian citizens be engaged in the process of accession to the European Union and that disinformation campaigns be neutralised.

There is a way to go, yes there is: gain the trust of citizens, defend our fundamental values, persist in the progress of consolidating the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities, reforms to progress in the EU integration process, ensure a multi-party parliamentary system, pluralistic media and an independent judicial system.

Another important step for Serbia and Kosovo is that these countries commit to normalising their relations.

We recall that Serbia plays a central role in regional stability.

Mister President,

Colleagues,

The Hungarian government has undermined the values of human dignity, freedom, equality and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities.

Last month, he presented a legislative proposal to ban LGBT pride parades, but also to punish those who participate in or organise the events.

And is trying to limit peaceful protests. This is intolerable.

Thank you very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:28:54

Thank you very much.

We'll now go on to the whole list, the general list of speakers.

Again, please, colleagues, I remind you it is 2 minutes, please, if you can.

So everyone... we can get as many people in the debate.

The first speaker is Mr Denis BEGIC.

Mr Denis BEGIC

Sweden, SOC

17:29:10

Thank you, Mister President,

Dear colleagues,

As someone born in the Western Balkans and now representing Sweden in this chamber, I stand here with both pride and deep concern. Pride in the democratic aspirations of the people in the region and concern for the increasing number of protests and rallies, often met with disproportionate responses or complete political silence.

From Belgrade to Skopje, from Podgorica to Budapest, we are seeing citizens take to the streets. Some protest for basic rights, others against corruption, democratic backsliding or environmental destruction. They are not isolated events. They are part of a broader European struggle for dignity, transparency, and democracy.

We must not view these movements as threats to stability. On the contrary, they are signs of life, signs that people still believe in democracy and in the power of their voices. What we should be worried about are the governments that respond to peaceful protest with repression and indifference.

I urge all of us to listen more carefully. As policy makers, we should not only engage with prime ministers and ministers, but with teachers, students, farmers and workers. That is where the future of Europe is shaped.

And finally, let us be consistent: If we support the right to protest in one country, we must defend it in all countries. The credibility of this Council depends on it.

Thank you very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:31:07

Thank you.

The next speaker is Ms Elvira KOVÁCS.

Ms Elvira KOVÁCS

Serbia, EPP/CD

17:31:11

Distinguished Chair,

Dear colleagues,

Despite legal proceedings unfolding in line with all reasonable and legal deadlines, the tragic event of 1 November in Novi Sad last year was used as a pretext for action such as physically preventing employees of the courts and prosecutor officers from coming to their workplaces, blocking the Parliament, etc.

At the same time, a part of university students shut down the vast majority of the faculties in the country. Lectures and exams were interrupted and cancelled indefinitely, leaving all those students who do not approve of the blockades in denial of their constitutional right to education.

I would like to underscore a critical point. We all, of course, share with students a deep commitment to justice, equality, and the rule of law, and support the right to peaceful protest as well as the pursuit of meaningful societal change through democratic means.

However, I believe that any such actions must respect the principles they seek to uphold.

The rule of law cannot be defended by circumventing it, just as fundamental rights cannot be protected by violating the rights of others. Access to education should be safeguarded free from political, ideological, or institutional obstructions. The right to protest and the right to education are not mutually exclusive. They must coexist in a manner that respects the legal framework and fundamental freedoms of all individuals.

The ongoing situation in Serbia sets a troubling precedent wherein the rule of law is being selectively applied and where inactions by academic institutions have led to the systematic denial of education of the majority.

It is our hope that we could restore academic normality in Serbia and reaffirm the fundamental rights of all students to pursue their education.

Therefore, it remains for us to hope that we will respect the principles of democracy and welfare of all citizens of the Republic of Serbia.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:33:12

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Susanne FÜRST.

Ms Susanne FÜRST

Austria, ECPA

17:33:18

Thank you very much, Mister President.

Ladies and gentlemen,

According to Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights, everyone has the right to peaceful assembly. This is an extremely important, essential fundamental right for all democracies. It also applies to Hungary and is fully respected there. Despite the ban on the Pride Parade in Budapest, this fundamental right is granted here. This is because, like all fundamental rights, Article 11 of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), freedom of assembly, is subject to the law.

According to paragraph 2, restrictions are not only possible but also necessary in the interests of security, the maintenance of public order, the protection of health and morals and the protection of the rights and freedom of individual groups. This not only gives rise to the right, but also the obligation for all member states of the European Convention on Human Rights to review the holding of meetings, parades and demonstrations, including with regard to the messages.

Full freedom of expression? Yes, of course, but calls for violence, the dissemination of anti-constitutional content or gatherings that publicly convey inappropriate content to underage children and young people are not permitted. This is the case with the Pride Parade, where explicit sexual content is openly displayed and specific sexual preferences are inappropriately propagated. In private spaces, everything is permissible and nobody is interested. But in public spaces, it is not covered by the freedom of assembly. No sensible person should actually want children to be confronted with such content here. There should actually be a consensus, even across party lines. This committee should actually support Hungary in protecting children.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:35:24

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Béatrice FRESKO-ROLFO.

Ms Béatrice FRESKO-ROLFO

Monaco, ALDE

17:35:32

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

Freedom of assembly and demonstration is a fundamental right and a precious freedom, recognised in all member countries of the Assembly. Yet laws are passed to target an opposition or a community, often under the pretext of national security or the protection of public order.

With particular reference to the rights of LGBTQI+ people, I regret the decision to ban the Pride March in Hungary, despite the fact that the event had been a fixture of the country for over thirty years.

As general rapporteur for the rights of LGBTI people at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, I reacted to the adoption of this bill by calling on the Hungarian authorities not to promulgate this law and to respect their obligations. In fact, our Commissioner for Human Rights, Michael O'FLAHERTY, also stressed this point. This ban is contrary to Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and to several Court rulings.

Pride marches are an important event. To make this community invisible is to reduce its rights, as we emphasised when Mr LACROIX's report was adopted in plenary last year.

Let's not fight the wrong battle. These peaceful demonstrations do not call into question the protection of children's rights, and the penalties imposed are extremely heavy and nonsensical: up to a year's imprisonment for organisers, and a fine of 500 euros for participants; while in other countries, they are even talking about banning rainbow flags.

We are witnessing a political instrumentalisation of LGBTI rights to divert attention from other issues.

Dear colleagues,

The commitment of the international community is essential to defend and promote fundamental freedoms. We must support the rights of LGBTI people, their visibility and, above all, resist pressure.

Thank you all very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:37:25

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Bisera KOSTADINOVSKA-STOJCHEVSKA.

Please, I apologise for my pronunciation.

Ms Bisera KOSTADINOVSKA-STOJCHEVSKA

North Macedonia, SOC

17:37:32

Thank you. 

Respected President and colleagues,

Central Europe won't mind if I neglect her during my two minutes. Why? Because the European Union has been neglecting the Western Balkans for more than 20 years.

So, I think that the rallies come as no surprise. We still have dictators, even though some of them are modern, media darkness, the highest level of corruption and the utmost derogation of human rights, an overly outdated judicial system that is crying for reforms. We have an eroded educational, social, health and environmental system, and the youth is moving out. The exodus has not stopped. All of this is happening while we still wait, while all these inhumane and impossible conditions for finally being part of the EU family are being imposed on us. These protests are protests against the old system. The system that has been corrupted for more than 30 years. The system that instead of making the best of young generations is making them go on the streets and riding bikes to come to Strasbourg to get our and your attention. That we have had enough.

While we wait, corruption flourishes. What has corruption done? Fifteen victims in Belgrade as a result of a corrupt system. Sixty-one under-30-year-olds in Kochi, North Macedonia, as a result of a corrupt system. This is not corruption from yesterday. This is long, old, and sick corruption. We have high-level officials in the Western Balkans in custody due to corruption.

The Balkans just want the future that has been long delayed. No more conditions, no more excuses. The Western Balkans have shown that they know how to fight. Even now with hijacked media, when protesters are arrested and when women are told how many children they must have, when journalists are told how to ask questions, and when the judicial system is under political scrutiny, it's up to us, parliamentarians from the Western Balkans, to say we are next. We have been next for over 20 years. We want a new European system achieved by full EU integration.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:39:45

Thank you.

I now call Mr Đorđe STANKOVIĆ.

Mr Đorđe STANKOVIĆ

Serbia, NR

17:40:00

It's okay now.

Serbia has risen and we are sending you a message. Hear us, understand us.

Serbia is a country of a kind, free, and incredibly intelligent people. Serbia is not the corrupt, radical, and manipulative regime of Mr Aleksandr VUČIĆ. It is that intelligence, that youth which stood up. They have walked the streets for months, resisted traps with wisdom, and now they march courageously all the way to Strasbourg.

I stand with them, I admire them. And I believe you do, too.

On 15 March, over 300 000 people filled the streets of Belgrade. This message is clear. The government has lost its legitimacy. What Serbia needs and what youth demands are free and fair election. That's all.

But as the people rise up to the regime responds with violence, with assault weapons. We will not stop, we will not be scared. We ask you to support the youth of Serbia. Welcome them. Listen to the letter they carry. Understand that Serbia belongs to Europe only if Europe believes in its own values. Because if you don't stand up for them now, how will you face yourself tomorrow?

I fought this regime as a student. My belief has not been changed. But now this is not just about politics. This is about the destiny of a people who wish to live in a modern European and civilised society.

And I believe that is something we all want.

We are proud and good people. And I never doubt that a new generation is coming. And let me end with the words of Martin Luther KING Jr.

"He who passively accepts evil is as much involved in it as he who helps to prepare it."

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:41:56

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Victoria TIBLOM.

Ms Victoria TIBLOM

Sweden, ECPA

17:42:03

Dear colleagues,

Since last November, Serbia has witnessed an unprecedented wave of mass protests following the collapse of the Novi Sad railway station canopy, which killed 15 people.

Initially led by students, the protests have spread across the country to include various social groups demanding accountability, transparency, and justice. Protesters denounced the deep rooted corruption in public institutions which undermines the rule of law, public confidence, and and the proper functioning of democracy.

Some recent developments surrounding these mass protests appear to be in direct contradiction with Serbia's obligations as a member of our Organisation.

There have been, among other things, credible reports of illegal use of sonic weapons during the mass protest on 15 March.

As a member of the Council of Europe, Serbia is committed to upholding fundamental rights, the rule of law, and democratic standards as enshrined in the European Convention of Human Rights and other Council of Europe legal instruments.

These include the rights to freedom of assembly and expression, which are essential to any functioning democracy and public debate.

Given the fragile situation in the country, the Assembly should call on all parties to engage in constructive and inclusive dialogue. At the same time, the Serbian authorities should ensure that all citizens can freely express their political views freely and organise peacefully without fear of harassment or intimidation.

They should also address the legitimate demands of demonstrators and avoid the use of violence.

As Serbia continues on its European path, it must demonstrate its commitment to protecting fundamental freedoms and fostering a political climate based on openness, accountability, and the rule of law.

The Assembly, and in particular the Monitoring Committee, will be watching closely.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:44:16

Thank you. I now invite Ms Saranda BOGUJEVCI to address us.

Ms Saranda BOGUJEVCI

Assembly of Kosovo*

17:44:23

Thank you.

Dear Chair, dear colleagues,

The instability in Serbia has drawn Serbia's sights into destabilising also the Republic of Kosovo.

We have faced a number of attacks against our institutions. In September, over 30 parliamentarians, led by Milan RADOIČIĆ, the Vice president of the Serb List, a party in Kosovo, backed by VUCIC, launched a terror attack in Banjska, killing a Kosovo police officer. Armed with military grade weapons and armored vehicles, they took shelter in a monastery. This is clear evidence of co-ordinated militarised aggression.

For these attacks, we want justice, and co-operation with Serbia for the extradition of those responsible for these attacks so they face justice in Kosovo.

Serbia has not only not taken any steps in this direction, but it hasn't even responded to the EU's call for this co-operation.

Colleagues, democracy cannot exist without justice, just as normalisation cannot exist without justice. The EU, and not only, must prioritise democratic progress over short-term stability. Stability in the Balkans depends on justice, not appeasement.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:45:46

Thank you.

I now ask Mr Aleksandar MIRKOVIĆ to take the floor.

Mr Aleksandar MIRKOVIĆ

Serbia, EPP/CD

17:45:53

Thank you.

When it comes to protests in Serbia, I am very pleased that, unlike most countries that want to lecture us, in Serbia, no force has been used against people.

We have heard numerous made-up stories about the use of some sound cannons, which were never used. Out of several thousand people, no one saw, recorded or heard them. After more than 25 days, none of the representatives of the opposition, who made up this story, have provided any evidence.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Did you know that these protests are being organised in front of the houses of people who do not want to support the protest? Did you know that people are being persecuted by the publication of photographs, names, phone numbers, and home addresses? Did you know that thousands of citizens have been harassed for a month with the illegal blockades of streets? Did you know that primary and secondary schools are being blocked, where children are being pushed into politics and forced onto the street to protest? Did you know that every day government representatives are attacked? Can you imagine stun grenades and smoke bombs being used in your parliament? And the opposition MPs spraying tear gas in women's eyes? Can you imagine three of your female colleagues being seriously injured, including a pregnant woman whose life and the life of her baby were in danger, while another woman had a stroke and barely survived? Can you imagine that in the parliament, the opposition was trying to bring in electric shock devices and knives? Yes, I know you can even imagine it. I'm glad about that. But unlike you, I don't have to imagine it. I live it.

Protests in Serbia are no longer expressions of discontent, but the political performance aimed to create a violent change of government in the streets, with Aleksandar VUČIĆ as the main target. However, as long as Aleksandar VUČIĆ is the President of Serbia, that will never happen. Only the citizens of Serbia will decide in the election who will be the government and who will be the opposition.

I am proud of the fact that, despite everything, Serbia has shown how democracy is preserved and how peace and stability are maintained. I am confident that many of the countries will be able to follow our example, that without any use of force, violence and hundreds of beaten and arrested people, they will treat those who are protesting against our government.

Finally, the Colour Revolution is defeated. Serbia has won again.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:48:16

Thank you.

I now invite Ms Marijana PULJAK to address us.

Ms Marijana PULJAK

Croatia, ALDE

17:48:21

Thank you.

To start my speech, I would like to ask Mr Aleksandar MIRKOVIĆ: who is behind this conspiracy that you are talking about? Give us some proof.

You are saying all the time you and your government that you have proof. Okay, show us the proof.

And now to continue with my speech. In Serbia, students are peacefully protesting against corruption that killed people, electoral fraud, political repression, and the targeting of the opposition. Their courage deserves our full support. That's why the recent visit of Commissioner Marta KOS to Belgrade was such a disappointment.

Sitting next to a leader who is persecuting students and calling that democracy sends the wrong message, especially to those who still believe in Serbia's European future.

As one of Serbian citizens put it "trust in the EU has diminished further. Those who truly support EU integration feel abandoned. It seems that Serbia's leadership doesn't want to join the EU, and the EU doesn't seem eager to welcome it."

While students are detained, wiretapped and denied access to justice, the EU appears more focused on lithium than on the other values we claim to stand for. This is not just about Serbia. This is about the credibility of the European Union. When we turn a blind eye to authoritarianism, we lose the trust of citizens who look to Europe for hope. Europe must choose. Do we stand with regimes or with people? The answer should be clear. We stand with those who fight for democracy.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:50:11

Thank you.

I now invite Mr Piero FASSINO to address the Assembly.

Mr Piero FASSINO

Italy, SOC

17:50:21

Thank you, President.

I will speak in Italian [in English].

Big demonstrations, as the Honourable George PAPANDREOU mentioned, that are shaking Eastern Europe. They are demonstrations calling for justice, rule of law, independence of the judiciary, freedom of the media, fight against corruption. They are calling for democracy against autocracies. They do so by waving the flag of the European Union.

There is a demand for Europe rising from those demonstrations to which the European Union and also our Council must respond. The process of European integration has been going on for 22 years. It was launched at the Thessaloniki European Council. Twenty-two years is a long time, too long. A time in which that call for integration has gradually experienced frustration.

The only consequence of the slow pursuit of the integration process is that we have opened the doors of the Balkans to Russia, China, Türkiye, the Arab Emirates, and above all we have frustrated the aspirations and expectations of European citizens who looked to Europe with hope.

Those demonstrations, especially demonstrations of young people, tell us that Europe continues to be the goal for which thousands and thousands of people fight every day, that Europe is the space, the place in which those people want to live, because Europe is a guarantee of freedom, democracy, and security.

At a time when the European Union, as in these weeks, is discussing extraordinary measures for its freedom and security, speeding up the integration process, bringing it to completion and finally bringing the Western Balkans into the European Union is a choice that is now absolutely inescapable and urgent.

 

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:52:27

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Albana VOKSHI.

Ms Albana VOKSHI

Albania, EPP/CD

17:52:33

Thank you.

Today I attended an event titled Democracy in Danger. The question that my colleague Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA asked to distinguished guests was how to protect democracy.

In many countries there is a rise of authoritarian leaders that question core values of democracy and use traditional but also digital and new means, every mean to stay in power. They do not stop unless people stop them. They manipulate opinion digitally. They patronage and control voters. They intimidate and force them. They use personal data, tailored data, violate constitution laws, conventions. They persecute and arrest opposition leaders, close TikTok, control and block Internet.

But there is good news. Across the Balkans, Serbia, Türkiye, Albania, Montenegro, Slovakia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, protesters have taken to the street against autocracies, against corruption that killed people.

They protest for dignity, transparency, and rule of law. They are students, farmers, teachers, doctors, pensioners, unemployed. The reaction of autocratic regimes is beatings, gas, mass gangs, cannons, arrest.

Today, democracy is under assault not only by those in power, but by silence of institutions and many governments, EU or non-EU countries.

What is the EU's response towards autocrats, towards regimes? Near silence, even after police violence toward protesters, after protesters' arrest, even after women's arrest, even after opposition leaders', MPs', mayors' arrest.

Silence.

On the contrary, prime ministers are being praised by EU leaders which praise their reform. What reform? For the justice that people die without getting justice? Electoral reform when corruption and organised crime, money are being used to intimidate voters?

Europe must not support authoritarian leaders, otherwise protesters are being abandoned. The entire generation that once believed in Europe is being abandoned.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:54:48

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr Vladimir ĐORĐEVIĆ.

Mr Vladimir ĐORĐEVIĆ

Serbia, ECPA

17:54:51

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

Dear colleagues,

Sixteen innocent lives were lost in Novi Sad when a roof collapsed, not by chance, but as the direct result of corruption. That tragedy became a symbol of a system built on lies, fear and theft. It was the moment when people rose up.

For five months now, students and citizens of Serbia, with full support from the opposition, have been standing tall, fighting for justice.

On 15 March, at a historical rally, the regime showed its true face – brutality, violence and fear of its own people. But the people are no longer afraid. Our children, modern-day pilgrims of justice, got on their bicycles and rode towards Strasbourg. Their journey is a message because they cannot find justice at home. Their courage has shaken the region and the world. Europe has seen them, and Europe cannot remain silent. Their bravery shines a light on the regime's lies. It brings truth where there has been darkness for years. They're not asking for power. They are not asking for privilege. They're asking for a country where truth is not punished, and crime is not rewarded.

In them lies our hope, our strength, a peaceful rebellion carried by the people of Serbia and supported across the country.

Today, Serbia stands at the crossroads. We are not alone. We now look to Europe, not for empty words, not for silence, but for clear and loud support for those who seek not power, but justice.

In the end, Kosovo was, is, and will be part of Serbia. So help me God.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:56:56

Thank you.

I now invite Ms Jelena MILOŠEVIĆ to address the Assembly.

Ms Jelena MILOŠEVIĆ

Serbia, SOC

17:57:04

Serbia was struck by a horrible tragedy. A canopy at Novi Sad railway station collapsed, killing 16 citizens. These lives were not lost to an accident alone, but to a deeply rooted system of corruption. Waves of protest swept across the country. Streets were blocked and the students were intentionally attacked, especially by the hit and run drivers.

This violence led to a blockade of universities and schools.

One of the most terrifying incidents occurred when a female student was brutally beaten by hooligans affiliated to a ruling party, leaving the female student with a broken jaw.

The prime minister resigned. So is the government.

Nevertheless, the repression of the government was only intensified. The violence culminated on 15 March in Belgrade during the largest protest held to honour the victims of Novi Sad.

Peaceful protestants were attacked with some kind of acoustic weapons used intentionally to provoke chaos, stampede, and panic.

To this day, no one has been held accountable.

Meanwhile, people with opposite opinions, students, professors, academic leaders, members of the opposition, are targeted by regime controlled media and government officials in the most brutal way.

Serbia is now facing a deep social and political crisis. The regime's repression is increasing. So they detain people who are throwing eggs and water at party officials, but not the people accountable for a tragedy.

The government's reaction to protests, media which targets students, oppositions, and protestants eventually will tear our society apart, which may lead to unforeseen consequences.

We are standing on the verge of escalation crisis.

It is evident that the government has lost its legitimacy and there is only one peaceful path forward: The formation of transitional government with a limited mandate in order to provide all conditions for free and democratic elections.

For the end, love for all students who are walking around Serbia, who are cycling thousands of miles to Strasbourg.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

17:59:25

Thank you.

I now invite Mr Mladen BOSIĆ to address us.

Mr Mladen BOSIĆ

Bosnia and Herzegovina, EPP/CD

17:59:32

Thank you, Chair.

The situation in our region is deeply interconnected with global trends.

Lately, we have been hearing more and more about the term "new reality". But what does that actually mean? It means that the old rules, conventions, principles, and international system are no longer respected and enforced. It suggests that those who have power now claim special rights to reshape realities for their own benefit. As a result, we are witnessing a growing rise of autocratic tendencies, not only in our region, but across Europe and the world.

Autocrats are capturing democratic institutions. They are bringing the judiciary under political control, consolidating state media, silencing the opposition by all means, including financial pressure and manipulating the electoral process. They win elections in environments where checks and balances have been dismantled and dissent is labeled as treason. They are not free and fair democratic elections. This is not democracy. It is a disguised form of autocracy.

I speak from personal experience as someone from Bosnia and Herzegovina, specifically Republika Srpska, where we are faced with autocrat Milorad DODIK. He consistently undermines the rule of law. DODIK's grip on power mirrors the very same autocratic traits we see elsewhere: the centralisation of authority, the suppression of political dissent, and systematic attacks on independent voices.

I think this institution here has a special responsibility for these cases, for the situation, the fight between autocracy and democracy that is going on.

Let's be strong and do something about that.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:01:56

Thank you.

Madam Stephenson, I invite you to address this Assembly.

Ms Patricia STEPHENSON

Ireland, NR

18:02:01

Thank you, Chair.

As we've already heard today, we've seen deeply worrying trends regarding the use of excessive force and police violence, including the use of tear gas, water cannons, rubber bullets, and, as we've heard from Amnesty International reports in Serbia, the unlawful use of sonic weapons against peaceful protesters.

We need to be unequivocal in our opposition to the forceful dispersing of peaceful protesters, whether that be in the Western Balkan, Central Europe, or indeed anywhere in Europe, including Western Europe, where we have also seen high-profile cases of excessive force being used against peaceful protesters, notably protesters supporting the rights of Palestinians.

We have seen the criminalisation of peaceful protesters, which is having a chilling effect on the right of freedom of assembly, expression, and it serves to silence civil society.

The right to protest is being undermined by authorities who are publicly using harmful language to undermine and to discredit and to criminalise peaceful protesters.

I would also like to touch on the decision to ban Pride in Hungary, which I believe is a full frontal attack on the LGBTQ+ human rights and fundamental freedoms. It's a violation of the right to self expression, peaceful assembly, and the right to be free from discrimination. And this stands in very sharp contrast to the core European values of human dignity, democracy, and equality.

We've seen the crackdown on environmental human rights defenders. Human rights organisations have documented multiple cases of abuse against environmental defenders. Peaceful protesters opposing harmful mining projects in Serbia, for example, have been met with disproportionate police force and arbitrary arrests.

And I believe to arrest protesters for defending fundamental environmental rights is particularly outrageous given the climate catastrophe that we are facing all across this world.

There is no doubt, based on all of the interventions today, that the right to peaceful protest is under threat. It's under threat globally, both in Europe, abroad, you know, on a global scale. And it is a fundamental component to a healthy, successful democracy. And therefore, I unequivocally want to state that it must be protected.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:04:02

Thank you.

I now ask Mr István HOLLIK to address the Assembly.

Mr István HOLLIK

Hungary, ECPA

18:04:09

Thank you, Chair.

Dear colleagues,

My country, Hungary, is being attacked by people who have not been there and have no idea what our legal system is.

Therefore, let it be clear, Hungary is a rule of law state and assembly is free in Hungary, and it will remain so.

Just now, in these moments in Budapest, the opposition parties are demonstrating on the streets freely and closing bridges. However, it is true, we are reflecting the woke revolution, to this new madness, and we are protecting our families and children on a constitutional level.

Dear colleagues,

In Hungary, children's rights take precedence over everything. Children have the right to healthy physical and mental development, which is protected more strongly by the Hungarian constitution than anything else. Yes, if the right of assembly and the right of the children are in collision or a legal system prefers the children's right, and we have the right to do so. It's absolutely not an unconstitutional solution.

Dear colleagues,

This dilemma is not a legal issue, but a moral one. We Hungarians have to decide on this matter. No one should interfere in this. If you want to worry about the state of democracy, you should look at Romania, where the election results are annulled, or France, where the most likely presidential candidate is blocked from running by a fabricated trial.

Thank you very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:05:59

Thank you.

I now invite Ms Dunja SIMONOVIĆ BRATIĆ to address you.

Ms Dunja SIMONOVIĆ BRATIĆ

Serbia, SOC

18:06:07

Thank you, Chair.

Dear colleagues, it won't be easy in 2 minutes to give all details about protests in Serbia.

Allow me to stress some points.

First, these protests were not political, or they had no political articulation, although we all expected it. Namely, you must have some leaders who organise them and who will sit at the table and run a dialogue.

Politicians who wanted to earn from this social discontent were brutally rejected from the students. So their role in this was surprisingly irrelevant.

Requests from students become a never-ending story, making up reasons to justify further pumping. And the D day came on 15 March. The very precious day for all who believed that without elections we can overthrow the current regime and the President of our Republic. So, 16 March was very painful. And because of their failure, they needed to create new momentum for continuing in pumping atmosphere.

That was, as you know, the legendary sound cannon. That cannon was so strong that no one put hands on its ears. Because that sound cannon attacked their knees and feet. If they had succeeded in their wishes, if those bloody hands were really bloody, no one would ever mention this magical sound cannon.

The whole government resigned and with that act they took responsibility. Prosecutors and judges are working 24/7, members of force and order demonstrated patience and great professionalism keeping peace during protests. Social differences must be overcome. Children must be back in classrooms. Their parents must reconcile with teachers. The whole society must heal.

This is a hard task now, but there is no other alternative.

Our Republic showed maturity, and next week we will elect a new government with new energy and strength. Order must be restored.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:08:10

Thank you.

I invite Ms Biljana PANTIĆ PILJA to address the Assembly.

Ms Biljana PANTIĆ PILJA

Serbia, EPP/CD

18:08:16

Thank you.

Ladies and gentlemen,

I would like to start with the following sentences. It's time for the voice of the majority to be heard, not the noise of the minority.

A tragedy occurred in Serbia in Novi Sad of last year, which is a position used in the most brutal way, protesting against the government.

Serbia is the only country where force was not used against protesters. Whereas the police did use it against protesters in the other European countries.

Every day the blockaders and opposition undermine the freedom of movement, freedom of opinion, and media freedom of all those who think differently.

In the last few months, protests have become increasingly violent.

Representatives of the government, journalists, and citizens who do not want to protest, but only wish to live normally, are being physically attacked.

In spite of the calls from the president of Serbia, Mr Aleksandar VUČIĆ, the Prime Minister Miloš VUČEVIĆ, and the Speaker of the National Assembly, Ms Ana BRNABIĆ, for dialogue, the blockaders and opposition have rejected.

Even though all the demands set by the students have been met, the blockades continue, because this has nothing to do with the tragedy in my city Novi Sad, but with the desire to change the government on the streets and overthrow the legitimately elected President VUČIĆ.

In every democracy there must be a dialogue, which protesters and the opposition refuse. It is okay to have your own opinion, but you do not have the rights to take away other rights.

More than 230 000 students want to learn, but 100 students are blocking universities with the support of directors.

The right to education of those students is jeopardised because of the protesting minority.

I'm proud of the fact that I come from Serbia, which today teaches many countries a lesson in democracy, and that, despite everything that is happening in our country, by following the policy of President Aleksandar VUČIĆ, we have preserved peace and stability.

Finally, I have a message for the citizens of Serbia. When the speeches of the opposition are the same as those of representatives from Croatia, Albania, and so-called Kosovo, it is clear whose interest they are representing.

Long live Serbia! [spoken in Serbian]

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:10:50

 Our next speaker is Mr Jone BLIKRA.

Mr Jone BLIKRA

Norway, SOC

18:10:56

Thank you, Chair.

The Council of Europe standards and mechanisms seek to promote and ensure respect for the human rights of every individual. These include equal rights and dignity of all human beings, of course, also LGBTI persons.

The Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers have several times asked member states to take action to combat discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity.

It should be unnecessary to remind governments that human rights are universal and shall apply to all individuals.

The Hungarian government – in bright daylight – and with pride, are banning pride parades. As a member of the European Council the Hungarian government actively ignores its commitment to guarantee the equal dignity of all humans and their right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly.

The Hungarian government also wants to use recognition technology to identify and arrest participants in pride parades.

In a judgment of 2023, the European Court of Human Rights found that the use of highly intrusive recognition technology, to identify and arrest participants for taking part in peaceful protests was a violation of Article 8.

Most members can have difficulties achieving the high standards of the European Council, but we try.

It is a whole different story when a member state actively works against our values and the ideas we are founded on.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:12:41

Thank you.

I now invite Mr Gergely ARATÓ to address us.

Mr Gergely ARATÓ

Hungary, SOC

18:12:47

Demonstrations are important not only for their purpose, but also for the democratic atmosphere, because they create a sense of community and experience.

Demonstrations provide an opportunity for individuals to express their opinion and strengthen a sense of community and solidarity. The sense of mass participation and collaboration can be meaningful and uplifting for many.

That is, why do authoritarian regimes fear this power? Restrictions on the right of assembly, mass automatic surveillance, facial recognition, voice guns, and suspended sentences imposed on juveniles serve a single purpose: deterrence.

Of course, there are false reasons, from transportation to education, and to the protection of good morale. But these only mask the simple interest of power.

The right to assembly, like other fundamental rights, is not unlimited. But restrictions must be necessary and proportionate and must be protected by appropriate procedural guarantees and cannot depend on the arbitrary decisions of the authorities. I am sure they will not succeed in the long term.

If there were no Parliamentary Assembly now, I would be on a bridge in Budapest this Tuesday, as I was the past Tuesdays, with thousands of people to show that competition for the prejudiced votes is not a sufficient reason to restrict freedom. As the demonstrators say, [speaks in Hungarian] "we won't stop it".

Thank you very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:14:44

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr Christophe CHAILLOU.

Mr Christophe CHAILLOU

France, SOC

18:14:49

Mister Chairman,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Allow me first of all to salute the initiative of our colleague George PAPANDREOU, who has enabled us to have this particularly interesting debate.

I would also like to take this opportunity to respond to the comments of our Hungarian colleague who, just now, referred to a recent court decision concerning the leader of a political party in France.

I'm a member of parliament from a country which is undoubtedly not perfect, which undoubtedly has a certain number of defaults, but which at least has one reality: it's a system where the justice system is independent. And when you're president of a political party, when you commit fraud, when you steal public money from Europeans - because that's what we're talking about, Mrs LE PEN and her party stole 4 million euros to finance their party, for their lifestyle, even though they're against Europe, they used European money - the law applies. And for a long time, Mrs LE PEN has been calling for the law to be totally intractable with thieves. A few years ago, she even called for people to be banned from holding office for life. And today, because she herself is guilty of fraud, she would like to be released from this obligation.

So yes, justice is independent.

And I'd like to emphasise that, to return to our debate, what we've perhaps seen in all these movements over the last few months is the reaction to the rise of illiberal temptations, populism, the renunciation by a certain number of leaders of fundamental principles, and in particular the rule of law.

Yes, we must reaffirm this, including here at the Council of Europe: independent justice, free media, absence of corruption - these are the fundamental principles of the European Pact and the European families who built this community in which we have freedom of expression, independent justice and democracy.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:16:58

Thank you.

Our final speaker is Ms Marietta KARAMANLI.

Ms Marietta KARAMANLI

France, SOC

18:17:03

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

Ladies and gentlemen,

First of all, I would like to thank George PAPANDREOU for joining our Parliamentary Assembly today to discuss issues of democracy and human rights in the Balkans, from a threefold perspective: historical and cultural solidarity in the broadest sense, political complementarity, and the rule of law, its values and practices.

This is an area also marked by the determination of some state apparatuses to impose authoritarian policies, where opposition and minorities are at best tolerated and often persecuted. For several months and weeks now, we have been witnessing developments that are both worrying and hopeful. In Serbia, young people are rising up against the regime's corruption and repression, and calling for the rule of law to be respected. This mobilisation is echoed in Northern Macedonia by students and young people scarred by a terrible news story. In Hungary, the ban on pro-diversity demonstrations and the Freedom March, for which the Hungarian state is being taken to the European Court of Justice by the European Commission and 16 concerned member states.

In these current events, the Council of Europe and our Assembly have a crucial role to play. They must and can show that rights are a common good shared by all European peoples. They must lend their support to peaceful initiatives that embody solidarity and the voices of citizens.

I therefore hope that our Assembly will remind us that defending the rule of law, understood not just as the rule of majority government, but also as respect for the rights of individuals, oppositions and minorities, is consubstantial with democracy. I also hope that our Assembly will take this message to each of our collective parliaments, and in particular to young people, young people who understand the dangers of state policy without a dynamic of rights for all.

Thank you for your attention.

Let's make sure things change for today and tomorrow.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:19:14

Thank you.

Thank you colleagues for your discipline.

We've got through all the speakers list which is.. thank you for your help there.

Can I remind you that the Assembly has not asked to decide a text on this matter, but it may be referred by the Bureau to a committee for report.

I now invite Mr George PAPANDREOU to respond.

You have 3 minutes, George.

Mr George PAPANDREOU

Greece, SOC

18:19:36

Thanks to all the colleagues for their comments.

With all due respect to my colleague Mr Zsolt NÉMETH, whom I know is both a decent and very capable person, what I see is a campaign, even repression from Hungary to the United States against diversity, against migrants, against minorities, labelling them as a threat, criminalising peaceful protests. But the real threat is the concentration of power, control of free media, taking power from local governments, corruption, which has killed people in my country and others.

Our real threat is to use these scapegoats to divide, to use these to create mechanisms of repression and persecution and emergency measures simply to maintain power or one-party rule and inequality and injustice.

What I see is a wide frustration around the world. It's so easy to target the wretched of the Earth, the refugees and the migrants. It's easy to target minorities and LGBTQ. But do we have the courage to target the real power? Do we have the courage to point out the real power that is undermining our democracy?

Those who want to control our institutions, who want to control our media, who control our digital platforms, who want profit over common welfare, who choose to silence us over dialogue or promote hatred over community. The global and local oligarchs and autocrats, they do not want democracy. They do not want taxes, they do not want any checks on their power or even pay for their corrupt practices.

And yes, Europe has been too silent as we are seeing the growth of the hybrid managed democracy. A democracy in name, but not in soul. Let me conclude talking to my fellow Balkans.

I am proud, and we all should be proud to hear the message of these young voices, because what they are saying is we are not waiting for Europe. We are not waiting for some protector, power or some saviour. We're not looking for big brothers. This is our time and our responsibility.

We are fighting for these values because they are ours. We may be Serbian, we may be from North Macedonia, from Greece, from Türkiye, from Bulgaria, from Montenegro, from Albania, from Bosnia and Herzegovina, or from Hungary, but these are our values, and they unite us.

There are differences, yes, but that is not traitors as someone implicated. That is creating a real European future based on our values. This is how we must defend our future. Not through weapons, but through conviction. Not by choosing sides, but uniting across religions and languages. Not by asking favours, looking for saviours, but by empowering our citizens.

This is what I think the message of these protests are. We must respect them, we must work with them, we must protect them, because we are protecting our democracy and the existential threats we are facing today as Europeans.

Thank you very much.

Debate: Modification of various provisions of the Assembly’s Rules of Procedure

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:23:16

Thank you very much indeed.

Colleagues, the next item of business is a debate on the report titled "Modification of various provisions of the Assembly's Rules of Procedure". And it will be presented by Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK on behalf of the Committee on Rules of Procedure, Immunities and Institutional Affairs.

Madam Kravchuk, you have 7 minutes to address the Assembly now, 3 minutes to wind up at the end, and I invite you now to address us.

Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK

Ukraine, ALDE, Rapporteur

18:24:19

Let's start, Mister Chair. I think everyone is seated now.

Dear colleagues,

I feel very privileged today, since most of the people in this Assembly had 2 minutes to speak, and I have 7 minutes as rapporteur.

But, obviously, there are so many people who spoke and still want to speak at this late hour, so I will try to be as brief as possible.

Of course, it's not the first time we've modified the rules and procedures of this Assembly, and, obviously, we will do this this year or next year, so it's a constant process.

Obviously, here, or in our parliaments, where we serve as members of parliament, the rules on how we work should be as clear as possible, and we should be able to exercise them, and not be too complicated to even, for example, fill some of the positions.

Basically, these changes to the rules of procedures tackle a few main points, and actually they make the life of members of the Assembly maybe not easier, but easier to fill some of the positions that now are sleeping, as we could say.

I would like to start with the topic of youth rapporteurs and basically why I volunteered as a rapporteur for this, because I wanted to sort of fast track and finish the process that we started with the resolution that actually introduced this position of the youth rapporteur.

Finally, thanks to the leadership of the Secretary General as well, dear Despina, who is with us, we made the changes through the administrative level, and the Bureau accepted and supported them. Nw with these amendments, we finally put this mark, and hopefully in June you will see the start of the work of youth rapporteurs in all of the committees, except the Committee on the election of Judges. They will contribute to the debate, they will analyse the resolutions that are being prepared by this Assembly. I'll tell you why it's so important, because the youth is starting to stop believing in democracy. Can you imagine that? That is very sad. So the engagement of young people, showing them that we care in this house of democracy about their needs, their ideas, is extremely, extremely important.

Of course, it's also a matter of communication. We should communicate in a way that young people would understand. But this co-operation, I think, will enrich the work of the Assembly.

Also, we are implementing some other changes that this Assembly took in forming the Resolution on Civil Society and the Parliamentary Assembly. We are an open house to NGOs, to civil society, and, of course, we will need to work on the code of conduct for interest representatives. It will be undertaken later when the approach has been developed towards the end of this year.

Another change concerns, basically, two separate gender quotas that we had for the appointment of vice presidents of this Assembly. Some small delegations could not actually fill the positions, and they were discriminated against in comparison with the bigger delegations. But I do believe that gender equality and the empowerment of women are very important. So, I do propose a slightly different approach that will actually eliminate this discrimination against the small delegations, but we will see women in the leadership of this Assembly.

I also propose amending the criteria for the appointment of chairpersons and vice chairpersons to committees and sub-committees. You might see in the list of your committee, in some sleeping positions, especially if it's the third vice chair of the committee.

I propose to basically not have any barriers of vice chair of one committee to become a vice chair of another committee straight after the term is over.

Also, I propose to halve the time limit for a departing chairperson to two years.

Also, some of the technical amendments are proposed about the work of networks, alliances, and platforms about the interim debate relating to a statutory opinion, but also to ensure that the Monitoring Committee can be represented in the Venice Commission.

Thank you so much.

We'll have a short debate and, hopefully, it will be supported by all of the groups, as it was unanimously supported at our Committee.

Thank you so much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:30:14

Thank you very much.

Excellent.

We now come to the speakers on behalf of the political groups.

Can I remind colleagues it is 2 minutes.

Please, keep your remarks to 2 minutes.

There's a very long debate to come after our debate is finished.

I now invite Ms Sona GHAZARYAN on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.

Ms Sona GHAZARYAN

Armenia, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group

18:30:35

Thank you, honourable Chair.

Dear colleagues,

On behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, I would like to thank the Committee and the rapporteur for their thorough work on the proposed modifications to the Assembly's rules. This is a sensitive and important exercise, one that goes to the heart of how this institution functions and presents itself to the public we serve.

We particularly welcome the inclusion and engagement of the youth rapporteur in this process. It's not only symbolic. It is essential that young people's voices are involved in shaping democratic standards of our institutions.

I am myself a youth rapporteur of this particular committee and I highly value the importance of the position in this regard.

We strongly support the provision aimed at making it easier for the civil society to engage within the work of the Assembly.

Strengthening the channels through which NGOs and other actors can attend and contribute to the sessions bring our debates closer to the citizens and increases transparency. Opening the doors to civil society is not only a matter of democratic accountability. It is an opportunity to enrich our work with the lived experience from across our member states.

As a liberal and democratic political family member, I am firmly committed to highlighting and maintaining high standards of inclusion, transparency, and equality in our rules and procedures.

In this period I highly support the decision offered by the Committee to nominate three persons, out of which two female and one male, for the position of the vice-Chair.

Let us ensure that any procedural reform reflects not only institutional efficiency, but also our deep and unwavering commitment to inclusion, equality, and democratic integrity.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:32:42

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Laura CASTEL of the Group of the Unified European Left.

Ms Laura CASTEL

Spain, UEL, Spokesperson for the group

18:32:49

Thank you, Chair.

First of all, I congratulate the rapporteur for this report.

We as a group are especially proud that the Assembly has taken a bold step to deepen youth engagement in its work.

The introduction of youth rapporteurs across our general committees ensure that younger generations are no longer just observers, but active contributors.

These young members will bring vital perspective to our reports and discussion, enriching our debates and ensuring our decisions are more forward-looking.

Their two-year mandates, renewable once, come with clear ethical standards and the same expectations we apply to all rapporteurs, showing that we take their contributions seriously.

This is not about inclusion. It is about preparing the next generation to take democratic responsibility and carry our values into the future.

We also strongly encourage our committees to seek engagement with a broad and diverse range of voices, particularly those from civil society, working directly in our thematic areas.

A truly balanced and representative understanding of these issues we address cannot emerge from institutional perspective alone. It is by listening to the voices of grassroots organisations, minority communities, youth representative, etc., even experts from under-represented regions and those directly impacted by our policies, that we enrich the quality and legitimacy of our work.

These exchanges, whether through hearings, informal meetings with rapporteurs, or broader consultations, offer essential insights that challenge assumptions, uncover blind spots, and ensure that our deliberations reflect the full spectrum of experiences across Europe.

To avoid, I am finalising sorry, bias and ensure fairness committees should adopt transparent criteria for selecting interlocutors, actively seek contrasting viewpoints, and strive for geographic, gender, and socioeconomic diversity in participation.

Thank you again to the rapporteur for this work and the Secretariat.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:35:15

Thank you very much.

Our next speaker is Ms Naomi CACHIA of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.

 

Ms Naomi CACHIA

Malta, SOC, Spokesperson for the group

18:35:23

Thank you, Chair, and thank you to the rapporteur.

I know you've put a lot of work into this report. I am very pleased to see the youth rapporteur's proposal finally take shape, as is the rest of my group.

In the limited time that I have, I would also like to focus specifically on the youth perspective.

Every organisation around the world needs to update itself or risk losing its impact and relevancy. The same applies to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, especially when one of the biggest challenges we face as a society is the disillusionment of young people.

It was one of my first impressions when I first became a member of this Parliamentary Assembly some three years ago, that there needs to be a better integration of younger parliamentarians in the work that we do and have the youth perspective take centre stage. Truly, not just as a token, not just as a figure, but as the memorandum rightly notes, youth rapporteurs must also be empowered to liaise with the youth sector within the Council of Europe umbrella, who do an amazing job, by the way.

I feel very lucky to have worked with the Youth Department to a small degree in my time here, but now I feel that we need to take our collaboration up a notch.

I also believe that youth rapporteurs need to be empowered and should seek engagement with civil society and youth organisations as well. They have to be ambassadors of our principles. I do look forward to working as a youth rapporteur within the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee). I feel that it is a major privilege to be doing so.

Obviously, later this year as well, we will have the 10th Conference of Ministers Responsible for Youth taking place in Malta, which also marks an exciting time, I think, for youth participation and empowerment across our continent.

This Parliamentary Assembly cannot take for granted how dangerous it is for young people to be so disenchanted by politics and democracy.

Despite various calls to action, even at a Council of Europe level, we must keep working and actually we are duty-bound to ensure that young people remain hopeful and optimistic in their own future and in this Organisation.

Thank you.

 

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:37:30

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr Christophe BRICO of the Group of the European People's Party.

Mr Christophe BRICO

Monaco, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group

18:37:39

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

I would also like to congratulate the rapporteur on her excellent work, as well as the Chairman of the Committee on Rules of Procedure, Immunities and Institutional Affairs for organising a constructive debate in the interests of all of us here.

As we can see, an assembly, like those who make it up, is a living organism that cannot remain fixed on rules established more than fifty years ago or sometimes more than seventy years ago. We have to adapt. Indeed, as colleagues have rightly said, the contribution of youth and the participation of young people is key, particularly these days when they tend to distance themselves from traditional political institutions.

I'd also like to point out that many of the elements in this text stem from the guidelines adopted at the Reykjavík Summit. I don't think it's been said yet, but it's good to be reminded of the consistency of this Assembly's work since the last major summit. So, this text is important. Even if it may seem invisible, it's going to change all our lives a little. So, thank you.

Of course, we support it unreservedly.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:38:59

Thank you very much.

Our final speaker in the political groups is Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates.

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, ECPA, Spokesperson for the group

18:39:07

Thank you very much.

Dear colleagues,

How do you think how many people are watching now our meeting on YouTube? I just opened it; it's 20.

I think it's not enough. I think we're here discussing really serious things, but I think we don't have enough people following us.

I think we should do something with this. I think we should think about new rules and other ideas. It's normal.

Our Organisation is already many, many years old. We need to follow all the trends. We need to be interesting. We need to concentrate on work with people. With all respect, not with NGOs, people, Europeans. That should be our focus. We need to work with them. We need to be on the front lines. We need to be in the places where we are needed. We shouldn't be afraid of this.

That's very important.

We need to speak about democracy. We are here to protect democracy.

Today, democracy is under attack in the whole world. You see, democracy is declining. We need to support it. We need to protect it.

But we need to think about democracy, first of all, in our member states, with all respect, not in Gaza, but here in our member states.

We need to protect democracy, because there are a lot of problems with democracy in our own countries, including even here in the country we are physically in, in Strasbourg.

I think if we discussed these issues now, if we discussed the most acute questions, then it would be not 20 people, but 20 000, maybe 200 000 people who will watch us, follow us, and our influence would be much bigger.

It can happen.

My friends, I just want to address all of you. Let's do it in this way. We need to be more visible. We need to work more with people. We need to protect democracy. This is our main goal.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:41:16

Thank you.

I now invite Mr Yuriy KAMELCHUK to address the Assembly.

Mr Yuriy KAMELCHUK

Ukraine, EPP/CD

18:41:22

Thank you.

Dear Chairman,

Distinguished colleagues,

Today our discussion goes beyond procedural reform. It reaffirms our core principles: democracy, accountability and human rights.

These rules amendments come at a decisive moment in European history, addressing not only internal efficiency, but our collective response to urgent crises, such as Russia's ongoing aggression against Ukraine.

Allow me to underline several key points, crucial both for Ukraine and all European democracies.

First, our firm stance against aggression. By clearly condemning the violation of international law, we reaffirm that aggression must never be normalised or overlooked.

Second, strengthening our power to sanction or exclude delegations supporting unlawful actions, and safeguard the legitimacy of this Assembly. This ensures our values cannot be undermined internally by those who violate them externally.

Third, establishing an independent ethics body is essential. Amid growing threats of corruption and foreign influence, especially targeting vulnerable democracies like Ukraine, we must uphold the highest standards of integrity.

Fourth, the introduction of emergency procedures enables swift action during crises. Bureaucracy should never delay responses when human lives and rights are at stake.

Fifth, aligning our rules with democratic norms and transparency is foundational, not merely procedural. These values are central to Ukraine's European future and are at the heart of what we are fighting for today.

Finally, empowering youth participation in democratic processes is vital. Their innovation, moral clarity, and courage to fight injustice are indispensable. Supporting meaningful youth engagement strengthens democracy across Europe.

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:43:26

Thank you.

Madam Kravchuk, as rapporteur you have 3 minutes to respond.

Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK

Ukraine, ALDE, Rapporteur

18:43:35

Thank you, Chair.

Thank you, colleagues, for your kind words, especially for putting forward the importance of communication with young people and the role of youth rapporteurs.

By the way, here we had three youth rapporteurs speaking already: Ms Sona GHAZARYAN, Ms Naomi CACHIA, and myself, because I'm a youth rapporteur for the Committee on Culture, Science, Education and Media. So, it's the first start during the debates.

Of course, I do value all the comments on communication, on the participation of civil society.

Closing up, I would like to thank the Secretariat for their tremendous work. It was the most fast-tracked report I've done in this Assembly. Thank you for this. Thanks for our Committee Chair, Ms Heike ENGELHARDT, because she's done a great, tremendous job, and basically it's her final session in this Assembly. So, thank you for leading this Committee.

 

Lord Don TOUHIG

United Kingdom, SOC, President of the Assembly

18:44:45

Thank you very much.

Madam Engelhardt, as the Chair of the Committee, would you like to address the Assembly? You're most welcome to do so.

Ms Heike ENGELHARDT

Germany, SOC, Chairperson of the Committee on Rules of Procedure, Immunities and Institutional Affairs

18:44:56

Thank you, Mister President.

Dear colleagues, good afternoon. Good evening.

Clear, consistent and effective parliamentary rules of procedure are essential to the effective and fair functioning of our Parliamentary Assembly and of our democracies.

These latest changes to the Parliamentary Assembly's Rules of Procedure are crucial to revitalise youth engagement not only in the work of our Assembly, but more generally in our democratic life.

Young people and youth perspectives are essential for our future, and as such, we need to continue to strive to seek improved youth engagement in our democratic institutions. The package of change relating to youth rapporteurs and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe-Youth Participation Mechanism are an excellent new development in this regard.

The Assembly's engagement with civil society is similarly vital to bring fresh and informed ideas and perspectives into the work of the Assembly. It is important to ensure that the Assembly and its committees continue to seek to engage with a diverse range of civil society actors.

This report is the beginning of enhanced efforts in this regard as part of wider work under the aegis of the Secretary General's Roadmap on the Civil Society engagement.

Other changes that we are making today are more targeted and specific, but nonetheless vital to the effective functioning of the Assembly. It is, for example, important to ensure that gender balance is respected in appointing members to significant roles in the Assembly, such as Vice President of the Assembly, whilst ensuring that the mechanisms used do not unduly or differently affect smaller delegations.

It is also essential for the effective functioning of the Assembly to ensure that there is a sufficient number of eligible members for the roles of Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of committees and sub-committees.

Other changes in this report similarly aim to improve the smooth running of Assembly business.

I would like to thank the rapporteur for her thoughtful work in finding practical, balanced solutions to all of these delicate issues. I would also like to thank the Committee for their constructive contributions to discussions on these issues.

Dear President, dear colleagues, I thank you very much for your attention. Thank you.

Vote: Modification of various provisions of the Assembly’s Rules of Procedure

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

18:47:34

Thank you, dear Heike.

The debate is closed.

 

Dear colleagues,

The Committee on Rules of Procedure, Immunities and Institutional Affairs has presented a draft resolution to which no amendments have been tabled.

We will now proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Doc. 16137. A simple majority is required.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

Adopted.

 

The next item of business this afternoon is the debate on the Report titled “Putting an end to collective expulsions of aliens” (Doc. 16135) presented by Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ on behalf of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons.

We must conclude this debate by 8:00 p.m.

I call now Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ.

Pierre, I learned you are very experienced. You know by heart now that you have 7 minutes now and 3 minutes at the end to reply to the debate.

When you are ready, please, take the floor.

Debate: Putting an end to collective expulsions of aliens

Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ

Switzerland, SOC, Rapporteur

18:49:36

Mister Chairman,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Dear colleagues,

All our countries have signed up to the European Convention on Human Rights, a founding text that enriches us with shared values – human rights, the rule of law, democracy – but also commits us.

And under Article 4 of Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights, collective expulsions of foreign nationals are formally prohibited. This obligation is also enshrined in European Union law, in accordance with Article 19 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

Based on the wording of a Court ruling, the notion of "collective expulsions" can be defined as "any measure forcing foreigners, as a group, to leave a country, except in cases where such a measure is taken on the basis of a reasonable and objective examination of the particular situation of each of the foreigners forming the group."

Our Assembly and the Court are constant reminders of the importance of an individualised examination of each personal or family situation. This is essential. This procedure must comply with demanding rules: a careful examination of the situation, with the support of legal counsel and an interpreter if necessary.

When dealing with a foreign national seeking help and protection in a country, only a fair and effective individual examination is likely to take account of the reasons, distress, and possible threats faced by this person, and thus, through an appropriate decision, avoid the risk of inhuman or degrading treatment, detention, or even torture or death. Another essential point is the right to an effective appeal to a judge, with suspensive effect until the end of the appeal procedure.

Furthermore, in the event of a decision to return, it is essential to ensure that the host country is truly a safe third country. But the existence of a list of such countries is not in itself a reason, a legitimate ground for refusing an asylum application that meets the imperatives of the need for protection.

 

Dear colleagues,

The rules are clear, and our various countries, by signing up to the Convention, have undertaken to respect them. But the reality is more complex and more worrying: all the European countries on the migratory routes used by migrants, refugees and asylum seekers practice, to varying degrees, collective expulsions. The tragedies in the Mediterranean, the declarations of our Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights, the testimonies of the victims of these practices and the NGOs on the front line attest to this beyond any doubt. The European Court of Human Rights is regularly called upon to deal with proceedings on this subject, in conjunction with a number of Council of Europe member countries.

Over the last ten years, I've had the opportunity to travel the length and breadth of our continent to deal with this very subject, notably three years ago for a previous report on pushbacks or refoulements which, most of the time, amount to collective expulsions: from the Greek islands to the border between Poland and Belarus, from the Calais Jungle to the border between Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, I've been able to gauge the extent of this problem and the consequences for the victims. My knowledge of the issue has been further strengthened by reports from colleagues and, in particular, a recent mission to southern Italy by an ad hoc delegation from our Migration Committee, as well as an assessment trip to Tenerife and Madrid last January as part of the production of this report. In this connection, I should mention my positive impression of the care provided for migrants and refugees in Spain's Canary Islands.

Over the years, I've often heard, with one exception in Spain, a distortion of vocabulary in the mouths of my interlocutors: there is no such thing as illegal migration. Every foreigner should have the right to seek help and protection in another country. There is just irregular migration, outside guarded border crossings or airports. You know, not everyone has a Swiss diplomatic passport like me. Apart from Azerbaijan, like many of you, I think I can get around anywhere without any problem. The poorest of the poor, people on the run for their very survival, are not so lucky, and when they use official channels, they regularly experience systematic refoulement, with no possibility of accessing their rights.

The problem of these collective expulsions and, more generally, the burden of caring for the tens of thousands of migrants flocking to Europe, concerns and falls primarily on the countries of arrival, the countries of southern Europe around the Mediterranean, as well as the countries on the migration routes. None of these countries has been spared, and they face considerable challenges, which in no way excuse or justify bad practices that do not comply with European Court of Human Rights standards, even if this situation does help to explain them.

The countries of central and northern Europe are not there to judge and condemn, but they must realise the need for a fair sharing of the burden, if I may put it that way. I understand that this is one of the aims of the Migration Pact recently adopted by the European Union, and our Migration Committee has long been calling for greater solidarity between European states towards countries on the front line of migration challenges.

We will judge the new pact on its merits, in the hope that it will contribute to greater solidarity between States, to dignified and respectful care for migrants and refugees; and, above all, that it will not prove to be an instrument for building a Fortress Europe.

 

In a report entitled "The instrumentalisation of migratory pressure on the borders of Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland with Belarus", our Assembly has been confronted with a new problem: the use of irregular migration for the purposes of hybrid warfare. Since 2021, the authoritarian powers in Minsk have been luring people from the Middle East in particular, with attractive prospects of facilitated migration to Western Europe. After a warm welcome on arrival, these people were soon disillusioned and brutally pushed across the rather hermetically sealed border at their own risk.

The intention of the Belarusian authorities was, of course, to destabilise the situation in Poland and the Baltic States. Those arrested were turned back by the local authorities, and many migrants and refugees found themselves in a hostile no-man's-land. Some deaths have been recorded. In its conclusions to this report, the Assembly naturally condemned "any instrumentalisation of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers by states for political ends." But it also noted that the first victims of what it called "hybrid attacks" were precisely the migrants and refugees themselves.

Instead of tackling the states responsible for this instrumentalszation, Belarus and doubtless Russia, the response of the states targeted by these attacks has been to punish vulnerable people, some of whom have died. The Assembly regretted that the understandable imperative of protecting national security and borders had allowed these expulsions to take place. The concept of instrumentalizing migration cannot justify a general derogation from asylum and human rights standards. The principle of non-refoulement is absolute, as is the obligation to carry out an individual examination of a person's situation before, if necessary, sending them back.

Even in difficult situations, the Convention applies. Dura lex, sed lex.

To conclude, two essential points: the importance of achieving legal, regular and safe channels for migration; and secondly, the importance of achieving the best possible respect for human rights at the point of migration.

Thank you for your attention.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

18:57:34

Thank you.

I call now our colleagues on behalf of the political groups.

First on my list is Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES from the Group of the Unified European Left.

Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES

France, UEL, Spokesperson for the group

18:57:51

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

Collective expulsions flout several fundamental principles of the European Convention, which protect the dignity and human rights of every individual. Yet, despite their prohibition by the European Convention on Human Rights, these practices persist in Europe, with dramatic human consequences.

As guarantors of these rights, we have a responsibility to act. All human beings are entitled to dignity. It is the duty of states to protect everyone against the risks of ill-treatment, torture or sexual and gender-based violence.

In a 2022 resolution, the Assembly recalled the intrinsic link between the prohibition of collective expulsions, the principle of non-refoulement and the absolute prohibition of torture. We cannot deny that the practice of collective expulsion all too often leads to these tragedies.

No European country located on migration routes is spared this practice. Such is the case of France, mentioned several times in the report. In fact, France uses the prohibited practice of collective expulsions, particularly in its overseas territories, and more specifically in Mayotte. This situation led the European Court of Human Rights to condemn France in the case of Moustahi v. France. In this case, collective expulsion led to the separation of a father and his children, as well as the illegal detention of the children.

Yes, we must act. Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ's report is a wake-up call that we must heed, and my Group of the Unified European Left congratulates the rapporteur on the quality of his work, which we fully support. We cannot turn a blind eye to these violations of fundamental rights, all the more so as they concern children on a massive scale, and unaccompanied minors in particular, even though it is imperative to protect the best interests of the child in all circumstances. Those who make distinctions between human beings are, in fact, anomalies in this House.

States urgently need to put an end to collective expulsions and put in place real guarantees for humane, individualised treatment of each situation. It's a question of law, but also and above all a question of humanity.

Thank you all very much.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:00:07

Thank you, Emmanuel.

On behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, Baroness Shami CHAKRABARTI.

Baroness Shami CHAKRABARTI

United Kingdom, SOC, Spokesperson for the group

19:00:13

Mister President,

Colleagues,

"I am an Afghan, and I am a prisoner of the Gulag. I am a refugee in a crowded boat foundering off the coast of Vietnam. I am a Laotian, a Cambodian, a Cuban and a Miskito Indian in Nicaragua. I, too, am a potential victim of totalitarianism.”

Not my words, but those of another President, Ronald REAGAN, visiting Germany 40 years ago.

I choose them to highlight that treating asylum seekers, refugees, indeed, all migrants with a modicum of dignity was non-partisan for most of the post-war period.

That’s unsurprising given the horrific events that inspired the creation of the Refugee Convention, this Council and the Convention and Court that have made it the most effective human rights protection mechanism in world history.

This excellent report is not about open borders. It's about treating people as individual human beings with stories and circumstances that warrant anxious scrutiny and due process according to common decency and well-established international law before removing them from a territory.

They are not items of freight to be transported en masse as in the atrocities of previous centuries.

More recently, the previous UK Government led by a child of migrants like me, experimented in a now notorious and failed policy of attempted forced mass transportation of asylum seekers, including genuine refugees, to Rwanda.

Surely, the Council of Europe working together can do better.

Support the Report.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:02:20

Thank you, Shami.

On behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, Ms Catia POLIDORI.

Catia, you have the floor.

Ms Catia POLIDORI

Italy, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group

19:02:27

Thank you, Mister President. I will continue in Italian. [in English].

 

Thank you, Mister Speaker.

Thank you very much for your work, but in spite of that I hope you will allow me some remarks.

The principle of non-refoulement is a fundamental principle of international law established by the 1951 Geneva Refugee Convention and implies an absolute prohibition of refoulement and collective refoulement.

For the members of the Council of Europe, then, the principle has been developed through the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and is, therefore, an integral part of our legal systems and the basis of various national laws.

In European Union law, all procedures concerning asylum and immigration have been defined in full compliance with the principle of non-refoulement.

There are a number of guarantees, which are also present in the new EU Pact, starting with the provision that, upon arrival in a country, a briefing should be made, in an understandable language, in order to access the right to asylum and that each situation should be assessed individually so as to identify vulnerability and protection needs.

Border management in Europe, then, even as it has evolved in recent years, is built from these guarantees that the asylum system in the states of first arrival has always provided and continues to provide, even in the most recent proposals.

With much respect, I would like to thank the rapporteur for his work. But to us, this resolution seems redundant and disrespectful to the hard work of the frontline countries, and that is why many members of this House will not support it.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:04:17

Thank you, Catia.

On behalf of the European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance, Mr Dmytro NATALUKHA.

Mr Dmytro NATALUKHA

Ukraine, ECPA, Spokesperson for the group

19:04:34

Mister President,

Dear colleagues,

Unfortunately, this report, along with its recommendation, does not seem to strengthen the rule of law. On the contrary, it risks undermining it.

One might argue that we are witnessing not a principled human rights work, but lawfare: the weaponisation of international legal norms to undermine legitimate state sovereignty and paralyse legitimate border control.

Let’s be honest. Europe’s borders are under attack, and not by migrants per se, but by regimes that use them as tools of hybrid warfare. Belarus orchestrates migration flows to destabilise Poland and the Baltic states. Russia, through its role in Syria and the Middle East and manipulation of migration routes, applies pressure on Europe’s external borders.

Yet, this report seeks to tie the hands of sovereign states. To deny them their sacrosanct right to protect their borders. It presents the “legal fiction of non-entry” and border-screening procedures as human rights violations. Yet, these are pragmatic tools of statecraft, not abuses. The EU Pact on Migration is not a threat, it is an attempt at restoring order to a broken system.

Even the European Court of Human Rights, in Khlaifia v. Italy, clearly stated:

“Collective expulsion” does not occur where there is a reasonable and objective examination of each individual case.

This quote alone dismantles the report’s absolutist framing. It leaves space for national discretion in emergency scenarios.

But the report ignores that balance. It implies that any group return, even during a co-ordinated wave engineered by a hostile power, is illegal. That is not legal logic. That is idealism turned against our own security.

The recommendation, meanwhile, calls for a Council of Europe “toolbox” that risks further entrenching of this legal absolutism. The new Division on Migration and Refugees, if guided by this text, will become a centre for institutionalised overreach, and not pragmatic support.

That is why, this report is unamendable. It is detached from operational reality. It's blind to geopolitical threats, and corrosive to public trust. The European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates will oppose it in full.

We defend human rights, but we also defend borders, sovereignty, and the right of our nations to protect themselves.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:07:03

Thank you, Dmytro.

On behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Liberal Democrats, Mr Michael GERMAN.

Lord Michael GERMAN

United Kingdom, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group

19:07:09

Thank you, Mister President.

I don't accept, of course, that analysis, which we've just heard of this report.

It is a disturbing report. It, unsurprisingly, shows that all member countries of the Council of Europe are struggling to find solutions to the large movement of people across our continent.

But while the report itself is hard-hitting and pulls no punches, it provides some powerful steps to assisting countries to meet their human rights and international legal obligations.

The report points out that the practice of collective expulsions is continuing, and in some cases, increasing. It points out the deficiencies in the systems of assessing people's claims for asylum. That's long-time scales, inadequate support and the shortage of personnel.

As a consequence of some of these deficiencies, some member states are looking at the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) to see whether they can at least stretch it or side step its requirements. That in particular relates to Articles 3, 4 and 8 of the ECHR. That's why this Assembly must be clear in its response.

Those countries that challenge the scope of the ECHR, having signed up to it, must follow its requirements. The issue of treating each asylum seeker as an individual is critical to ensuring that they can exercise the rights that they have, rights which are enshrined in the work of this body.

Of course, there are necessary improvements. The long process of determining asylum seeker claims results in ever-increasing amounts of public money. It's unsustainable. The resolution before us points to solutions: better training, getting time scales down by better data collection, and reducing the cost to the taxpayer by allowing people to work as soon as possible.

This resolution upholds human rights. It upholds democracy, upholds the rule of law. That's why this resolution has this at its underpinning. We must be very, very careful not to backslide on our reason for existing as an organisation.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:09:27

Thank you, Lord German.

Now I give the floor to Ms Sandra ZAMPA.

Ms Sandra ZAMPA

Italy, SOC

19:09:38

Thank you, Chairman.

Thank you very much to my colleague Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ for this nice report and the recommendations.

If borders, if borders are worth more than people, it clearly follows that there is the possibility of collective rejection, and it follows that crossing those borders, those forbidden borders, constitutes for those who do it, regardless of the reasons why they do it, which are mostly dramatic, regardless of the age with which these young people cross eventually those borders, a crime.

That is how people become, in our language, in the language of politics, illegal.

Yet no human being, no person living on this earth can be considered illegal.

This temptation to pit the border, even in its value, against the absolute value, instead, and the inviolability of human lives and human beings, is emerging even in the West and even among states that have adopted, written and made a reason for pride of the European Convention on Human Rights and other equally important conventions.

That is why there is an urgent need to adopt the recommendations that Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ proposes to us, which his report proposes to us, and to put an end to collective refoulement of foreigners, reaffirming the principles of international law.

Only in this way will it be possible for us to face the challenges that the different geopolitical continents present us with the knowledge that certain limits can never be crossed.

 

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:11:49

Thank you, Sandra.

Mr Jan Filip LIBICKI is next.

Mr Jan Filip LIBICKI

Poland, EPP/CD

19:11:56

Mister Chair,

Dear colleagues,

Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ's report titled “Putting an end to collective expulsions of aliens,” would have been an important and comprehensive contribution to a critical discussion a few years ago. Unfortunately, today, that is no longer the case.

The situation has changed because, in Eastern European countries such as Lithuania and Poland, illegal immigration has become a tool of political manipulation, a means of waging hybrid warfare against our nations by the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus.

No bombs are falling on our countries today, but our Belarusian and Russian neighbours are pursuing the same strategic goals as in Ukraine, this time through the professional orchestration of illegal immigration in order to destabilise and violate our eastern borders.

That is why, regrettably, we must combat this phenomenon with all the means at our disposal.

We must send a clear message that this tactic will not succeed.

Unfortunately, Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ’s report fails to adequately distinguish between these realities. In doing so, it risks providing Russia and Belarus with a formal pretext to continue their hostile actions against us. Moscow and Minsk will undoubtedly welcome this.

Therefore, in its current form, I regret that I cannot support this report.

Thank you very much.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:13:59

Sorry, Jan Filip, have you finished? Thank you. Thank you so much.

Now we're going to Mr Marco SCURRIA.

Mr Marco SCURRIA

Italy, ECPA

19:14:07

Thank you, Chairman.

We did not submit amendments because we reject this measure in its entirety, and not because we are in favour of mass expulsions. We are against it because international law already provides for it.

When violations happen, the International Court of Justice already intervenes. It is therefore superfluous to make reports about what is obvious. We do not make reports to say that you should not kill women or children, because these are obvious things, already sanctioned by all laws, as well as ethics.

This report is done, not to say that we are against mass deportation, but to make sure that it is impossible to deport any person who has immigrated illegally.

Throughout the report there is never any reference to irregular immigration or how it can be avoided.

It is an appeal to "let everybody in anyway." And for that just read the report.

Point 16.2 says that "even court decisions should be questioned to see if they followed the right procedures."

Point 17.1 says that "in the area of collective deportation, it must be ensured that immigrant persons systematically benefit from real and effective access to procedures for legal entry into the states."

But why, if they are not entitled to it?

Section 17.3 talks about "misrepresentation of statements." Are there state authorities then writing falsehoods?

In item 18, and I will conclude, Chairman, we take great responsibility. It says "the Assembly applauds the political will of some states that have chosen to ensure the reception of immigrants in accordance with the norms of international law."

Are there states that have not done so? And what are they?

That is why we cannot agree with this report.

 

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:16:25

Thank you, Marco. 

Ms Nerea AHEDO is next.

Nerea, have you inserted your badge?

Ms Nerea AHEDO

Spain, ALDE

19:16:47

I apologise. 

Thank you very much to the rapporteur for a serious, measured, and balanced report. 

As far as I can tell, it's raised some suspicions in some groups. Some do not want to deal with the topic at all, while others are clear on their position. I think it shows, once again, that these are not good times when it comes to freedoms, democracies, and rights. 

This report should not be necessary, because collective expulsions are prohibited. It is absolutely clear that it has been agreed. The fact that we do have a report means that we have a problem. Some people seem to be supporting this in fact. We have the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum, personally, I am not really reassured by it, and I am certainly not reassured by people's interpretation of it. 

I would like to repeat a number of points that other speakers have made already, but they bear repeating. 

First of all, an individual is not a commodity. Every individual has the right to be dealt with dignity, individually, allowed to explain themselves to talk about their circumstances, and they are entitled to ask for protection. As a human being, nobody should be instrumentalised, neither by external elements – we have talked about Belarus, but we could talk about Morocco, by way of example – nor should they be instrumentalised by internal elements. And here, I am referring to the extreme right (and not so extreme) discourse. The migrants really shouldn't be paying for all of this. 

Over and beyond protection of our borders, protection of our national security, which as we know, does not depend on migration. We have human dignity and rights. They prevail over these other rights.

Let's not forget that international law, humanitarian law, and children's rights must be complied with. We have to end up with a situation where we have no-man's-lands that permit situations of refusing entry, with so-called "third safe countries" that stop asylum from being granted or externalise our borders. With the closure of internal borders, we have migrants in transit in the Basque Country every day, and they cannot continue because the border with France is closed. 

What we need at this complex time is a humane common policy that is based on solidarity, based on shared responsibility. With it, the abuses, unawful actions, harassment and violation of rights would be inconceivable, and I believe this report would help that.

Thank you. 

 

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:19:01

Thank you, Nerea.

Mr Denis BEGIC is next.

Mr Denis BEGIC

Sweden, SOC

19:19:06

Thank you, Mister President.

Dear colleagues,

First, I want to thank the rapporteur Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ for a strong and clear report. This is a topic that touches me deeply, not only as a politician, but as a human being.

I came to Sweden as a young person, from a country that fell into war. I know what it means to seek protection, not knowing where your loved ones are, not knowing if they are alive or dead.

I also know how important it is to be seen as an individual, and not just as a part of some statistic. That is why it pains me to see that collective deportations still take place in Europe.

Collective expulsion goes against our core values, against the principles of the rule of law, against the European Convention on Human Rights, and most of all, against human dignity.

As a Social Democrat, I believe in solidarity. I believe that every person has a unique value and must be treated accordingly. We know that migration is a challenge, yes, but it must never be used as an excuse to bypass legal safeguards.

This is not about being naïve or about allowing ourselves to be manipulated. It is about holding firm to our principles, even when the wind is strong.

I believe Europe's strength lies exactly there, in our ability to protect the rights of the individuals, especially when it is difficult.

Let me be clear. No one should be deported without having had their case properly assessed. No one should be sent back to persecution, violence, or war without us taking full responsibility.

That is why this report is important. That is why I support it. Not just as a document, but as a reminder of what it means to be a European and a human being.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:21:19

Thank you, Denis.

Mister Marek Borowski, you are next.

Mr Marek BOROWSKI

Poland, EPP/CD

19:21:24

Thank you, Mister President.

I'll speak French.

This report is undoubtedly proof of humanism and great sensitivity to the situation of refugees. I respect that, but I cannot accept many of the formulations and conclusions in this report because, forgive me, they are disconnected from reality.

Poland grants asylum to persecuted people. We have granted asylum to thousands of Belarusians and Russians fleeing persecution by the Lukashenko and Putin regimes, but the current situation is completely different. Covered by painful sanctions, Russia and Belarus cannot use real weapons against the West. So, they are using specific weapons: migrants. Tens of thousands of migrants are brought to Moscow and Minsk, then bussed to the Polish-Belarusian border. If we open up this migratory channel, as the report proposes, Lukashenko and Putin will ensure that not tens but hundreds of thousands of migrants are transported via this route.

Over the last ten years, the uncontrolled influx of migrants into Europe has led to a considerable increase in support for nationalist, xenophobic and, above all, anti-European and often pro-Russian political parties. We are faced with a difficult dilemma: on the one hand, the provisions of the UN Refugee Convention; and, on the other, the need to guarantee democratic order in Europe and the security of our citizens. The problem is that the conventions date back several decades and do not correspond at all to today's realities.

This report proposes solutions from a bygone era. We need to find other solutions, adapted to the new global situation. This is why, with all due respect to Mr FRIDEZ, I shall be voting against the adoption of this report.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:23:40

Thank you, Marek.

Madam Victoria TIBLOM, you're next.

Ms Victoria TIBLOM

Sweden, ECPA

19:23:45

Thank you, Mister President.

Dear colleagues,

Today, we are asked to consider the idea of putting an end to collective expulsions of aliens. But let’s take a step back and ask, why should we? Collective expulsions allow nations to maintain sovereignty, protect their borders, and ensure security. Without them, governments are left dealing with prolonged legal battles, overwhelmed infrastructure, and the strain of processing each case individually.

Mass expulsions serve a crucial purpose. They deter illegal immigration, send a strong message against uncontrolled migration, and uphold national interests. If countries lose this tool, they risk being overwhelmed by individuals who may not meet the criteria for asylum or legal residency.

While some argue that collective expulsions disregard individual rights, we must also consider the rights of citizens whose nations bear the consequences of uncontrolled migration.

For example, there is the transit route that goes via western Russia to border areas in Finland and Norway. These affected countries have often felt it necessary to resort to collective expulsions.

Instead of outright banning collective expulsions, we should refine the process, ensuring fairness while keeping national security intact. The alternative is an impractical system that jeopardises both order and stability.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:25:22

Thank you, Victoria.

Ms Luz MARTINEZ SEIJO is next.

Luz.

 

Ms Luz MARTINEZ SEIJO

Spain, SOC

19:25:28

Thank you very much, President. 

We're touching upon a really important topic for the future of Europe: the management of migration and the need to put an end to collective expulsions of foreigners. 

Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ's report offers us a clear vision of the challenges and the opportunities that we currently face. 

Collective expulsions affect refugees, asylum seekers and migrants, including women, children, and people with disabilities. The consequences can be devastating: violence, torture, death and families torn asunder. 

In addition to which, I would point out, that the externalisation of the processing of asylum applications does raise some doubts about the compatibility of this practice with the international standards of human rights. 

In my country, Spain, we have demonstrated that it is possible to manage a major influx of migrants without having to resort to collective expulsions. In the Canary Islands, the government, the NGOs, and the rescue services have been working hand in hand in order to offer an organised humanitarian reception for migrants. This approach includes the legalisation and integration of migrants, allowing them to get residence permits and work permits after a certain period of time. 

The situation is, however, a little more complicated when it comes to unaccompanied minors, also concentrated in the Canary Islands. Legalising their residency is a priority, but it is complex because of the difficulty in determining their age. It is also complex, because relocating them to other regions in Spain, since according to our legislation does not allow such, unless the other regions offer to house these minors. Unfortunately, I have to state before this house that the relocation of minors has been made much more difficult by the governments of the opposition, which I think shows incredible dehumanisation of the situation. 

Public opinion in Europe is more and more polarised on immigration. Nevertheless, I believe that my government's approach in the humanitarian management of migration can have a positive influence on the public perception of immigration, because we have shown that we can manage big influxes of migrants in an organised way and respecting human rights. 

I conclude. Solidarity and co-operation between European countries are essential if we want to manage migration effectively and humanely. 

Thank you.  

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:27:42

Thank you, Luz.

Mr Allal AMRAOUI.

Mr Allal AMRAOUI

Morocco

19:27:52

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

Dear colleagues,

Given its geographical location at the gateway to Europe, Morocco is bearing a heavy burden thanks to its responsible commitment and solidarity. It is a key player in regional security, thanks to its colossal efforts to combat all forms of cross-border crime. It co-operates closely with the European Union. Of course, we remain convinced that opening up legal channels for migrants to Europe could help reduce the flow of irregular migration and migrant trafficking, and develop orderly, regular and safe migration.

Migration management in my country is governed by a number of control levers, both through the judicial authority and the public prosecutor's office, and through the vigilant monitoring of institutions such as the National Council for Human Rights and the participatory approach of civil society, notably migrant associations. Morocco regularly submits its periodic reports to the relevant UN committees, and receives visits from its Special Rapporteurs.

Unfortunately, all attempts at irregular infiltration by land are carried out at my country's eastern border, encouraged by our neighbour's laxity in exploiting these irregular migration flows. This is a denial of collective security, and penalizes the entire Mediterranean region.

Last year, Moroccan authorities rescued more than 7 000 migrants from boats off the coast of our southern provinces. They are cared for within the framework of a humanist and protective approach, in close co-operation with their consular representations established in the Moroccan Sahara, in the towns of Dakhla and Laâyoune, which identify them, issue consular passes and organise, with the support of the Moroccan authorities, their voluntary return to their country of origin.

Morocco has set up an operational surveillance system along its borders, using its own resources, to guard against the multiple threats posed by trafficking and crime in the Sahel-Saharan zone, particularly terrorism, in which Polisario mercenaries are known to be involved.

The European Union's technical support does not even cover 10% of the efforts and costs involved. Above all, this support is an expression of shared responsibility and a partnership based on solidarity.

Thank you very much.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:30:11

Thank you.

Ms Carmen LEYTE.

Carmen, you have the floor.

Carmen, you have to insert your badge.

Ms Carmen LEYTE

Spain, EPP/CD

19:30:34

Thank you, Mister Pierre-Alain Fridez, for this report, which I think is exhaustive. 

I would like to make a couple of comments. I know immigration very well because Galicians have always been a people who have emigrated, and Europe has been a territory that has hosted, applying asylum legislation. We have principles which we stand by, and that is what takes us to human rights and principles that we cannot give up on, despite the magnitude of the problem that we are facing. 

I recognise the fact that many systems are overwhelmed and that some states are reaching their very limits. Unfortunately, this is fertile breeding ground for the emergence of hate speech, xenophobia, which some political forces tend to use.

Although to be fair, this rejection does not just arise out of nothing, it is also because we have not done things very well, and the host population sometimes feel like their rights are eroded to the advantage of another population. That is why we have to tread carefully and strike the right balance. 

We seem to be moving between the principles of human rights on the one hand and then on the other hand, the reality of many member states of the Council of Europe. That's why it is so important to come up with a common response with criteria of solidarity, fair burden sharing, economic support in order to make sure that asylum and internal protection can continue to be our identity markers. 

Europe can make a distinction between asylum and irregular immigration. We should use all our resources in our member states, in our asylum systems, to make sure that these systems are nimble, quick, and fair without breaching any humanitarian principles for the sake of efficiency. We don't want a quick fix to become some kind of unfair solution one way or another.

In any case, if ever an expulsion order is taken, it has to be done on the basis of an individual case, with individual defence with full effect for humanitarian rights throughout the whole process and that includes the host country, of course. 

We should be rejecting any kind of collective expulsions, and similarly, we need to make sure that our migratory flows are controlled. You know, there are people who want to escape from certain situations, but they shouldn't end up in the hands of traffickers of the mafia and, unfortunately, drown in our seas.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:32:46

Thank you, Carmen.

Ms Sibel ARSLAN.

Ms Sibel ARSLAN

Switzerland, SOC

19:32:51

"Thank you very much, Mister President" [in English].

Ladies and gentlemen,

I take the liberty of speaking in German. I hope that you did not have a reason for fleeing or a refugee history behind you. Collective expulsions of people are not only morally questionable, they are also clearly illegal. Both Article 4 of Protocol 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Article 19 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights expressly prohibit this. We also have this in this report - and for good reason.

Every person has the right to an individual assessment of their situation, because behind every flight story is a person with unique experiences, fears and hopes, and many reasons. Anyone who is deported back without an individual assessment is not only being denied a fair trial. We have also heard it several times. This person is threatened with torture, inhumane treatment, rape or perhaps even death. Do we want to accept that? I hardly think so.

It is our duty as a society, as a constitutional state, but also as an organisation, not to take such risks lightly. The practice of so-called pushbacks, in which entire groups of people are turned back at borders, not only contradicts international obligations, it also undermines the values on which our organisation is built: the rule of law, human dignity, but also solidarity.

Instead of deterrence and collective expulsions, we need a different strategy: a procedure, fair access to asylum for those who are entitled to it, but also trained staff and protective measures. I would therefore like to thank the rapporteur, Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ, most sincerely for this excellent report and for his proposals.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:35:03

Thank you, Sibel.

Mr Paweł JABŁOŃSKI.

Mr Paweł JABŁOŃSKI

Poland, ECPA

19:35:09

Thank you, Mister President.

Thank you, dear colleagues, I am very saddened to hear what the left side is saying, because, unfortunately, it seems that you're still living in the world of fantasies, in the world of lies, and some of these lies are unfortunately reflected in the text that we are debating.

What our colleague from the left just said about solidarity, about helping refugees. You don't have to lecture us about it. My country, Poland, accepted the most refugees, more than any European country. We have accepted millions of refugees, genuine refugees. People that were fleeing from war, from Ukraine. We don't have to be lectured.

But you are supporting massive collective migration.

Migration that is organised by Mr Aleksandr LUKASHENKO, by Mr Vladimir PUTIN.

You are accusing countries such as Poland, such as Lithuania, such as Latvia, countries that are victims of this organised collective migration, that we are responsible for death, for torture.

This is exactly what is written in this report. This is outrageous. You are accusing victims of a crime that is committed upon us by dictators, by PUTIN, by LUKASHENKO.

You're actually helping these dictators. This is outrageous. We will be voting against it.

We actually hope that this will be taken off the agenda, because this cannot be accepted.

This Assembly should uphold the rule of law. Principles that we all signed up for are not the principles that LUKASHENKO and PUTIN are sharing.

You refuse the notion of collective expulsions? Terribly sorry, my dear friends.

If we are facing collective organised migration, the answer has to be precisely this.

We need first and foremost to protect the safety and security of our citizens. This is our duty.

Please, remember this, because it also concerns people in your countries.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:37:18

Thank you, Paweł.

Mr Brian FRANCIS is next.

Mr Brian FRANCIS

Canada

19:37:21

Thank you, Mister President.

Honourable colleagues, the collective expulsion of non citizens and refoulement are prohibited under international law.

<Chair: Can you please talk closer to the microphone?>

I thank rapporteur Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ for emphasising this crucial point.

At a time when countries like Russia and Belarus are weaponising migration to destabilise democracies in Europe, when the new U.S. administration is ignoring fundamental rights, including due process, to carry out mass deportation orders, respect for international law and the domestic legal framework we have put in place to honour those international commitments is paramount.

At the outset, though, I would like to make a point about terminology.

While I'm acknowledging the term "alien" is used in the European Convention on Human Rights and the 1951 Refugee Convention, I've always found it problematic. Like the term "illegal", I believe referring to someone as an alien is derogatory and dehumanising.

For that reason, I prefer more neutral and inclusive language, such as "non-citizen".

On several occasions in this hemicycle, I have spoken about the past and ongoing injustices perpetrated against Indigenous Peoples in Canada. But there are also historical stains on the Canadian record when it comes to the treatment of migrants and asylum seekers.

As former Prime Minister Justin TRUDEAU has noted, Canada is far more generous, accepting, and compassionate than it once was.

While I agree with this statement, we cannot become complacent, because in Canada polls have shown growing refugee scepticism.

This scepticism must be acknowledged and addressed through education and dialogue, but we cannot allow it to undermine our commitment to the fundamental principles of international law.

The true measure of a nation's strength, I believe, is how it treats its most vulnerable.

Thank you. Merci. Wela'lin.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:39:25

Thank you, Brian.

Ms Valérie PILLER CARRARD.

Ms Valérie PILLER CARRARD

Switzerland, SOC

19:39:33

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

Dear colleagues,

Against the backdrop of a worsening global situation, this report on collective expulsions worries me, as it highlights the growing divergence between international law and the practice of member states. I repeat, despite the ban, no European country on the migration routes used by people seeking refuge is spared the practice of collective expulsions.

What worries me in particular is the fate reserved for children, who account for around 14% of those collectively deported. UNICEF estimates that, in Europe, "children have suffered physical violence, abusive and degrading treatment, extortion and destruction of property" during deportations.

For refugees arriving from Africa via the Canary Islands, Spain is one of the main gateways to the European continent. While Spain lets the vast majority in, which is to be applauded, this practice does not protect them from the risk of subsequent deportation. Last year, the Canary Islands took in over 5 800 unaccompanied minors, almost a third of all migrant minors in Spain. Children who have fled without their parents have a particular need for protection; left to their own devices, they have often undergone difficult and traumatic experiences before and during their flight.

One of our priorities is to regularise the stay of unaccompanied minors, so that they can obtain a residence permit and a work permit when they come of age. But regularisation is complex, if not impossible, as they often arrive without identity papers. These minors need special protection, and should be entitled to the rights set out in international conventions on children's rights.

In the event of large-scale arrivals of these children in certain territories, the draft resolution urges all parties involved to find a solution that would enable the relocation, reception and integration of these children in other regions of the same country. This would promote a coherent approach to the reception and integration prospects due to these children.

I therefore invite you to support this report and congratulate its rapporteur, Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ, on his excellent work.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:41:56

Ms Susanne FÜRST is next.

Ms Susanne FÜRST

Austria, ECPA

19:41:59

Dear Mister President

Ladies and gentlemen,

This report criticises the collective expulsion of foreigners and asylum seekers from Europe and calls for an end to it. It is claimed that it is difficult for people to apply for asylum in Europe. It calls for each case to be examined individually, for comprehensive support and legal advice to be provided, and for all refusals and negative decisions to be subject to a multi-stage appeal process with suspensive effect.

In 20 pages, this report deals in detail exclusively with the rights of illegal immigrants. It is only about the rights of these people and immigrants. This product here makes national, sensible border protection impossible. It is an invitation to continue to come to Europe uncontrolled.

Not a single word in 20 pages of this document is about the interests of the native population, the population of Europe. It is not about the disastrous consequences of immigration in the last 10 years in particular, and it is not about the victims we have suffered. It is being pretended that the rights of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union are not there for us Europeans, but only for people from all over the world. However, this is not the case.

I don't know what world the applicants live in. Not in the real Europe, because here in Europe there are no mass deportations without examination. It is also not difficult to apply for asylum. It is very, very easy, and far too many have come to us. There is no mention in this report of who is footing the bill. It is us. It is our children.

This report cannot be supported under any circumstances. It is irresponsible and completely ignores the real problems.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:44:15

Mr Paulo PISCO.

Paulo, you have the floor.

Mr Paulo PISCO

Portugal, SOC

19:44:20

Dear colleagues,

This report gives a very important contribution to eliminate a grey zone that makes possible the violation of international law and human rights without accountability or consequences.

Collective expulsions must stop because they are illegal and because they are also inhumane. Because they ignore the situation of each person, who they are and their reasons to migrate, running away from wars, misery, and persecutions.

Many died before arriving at borders, in land or at sea. Others died after being rejected at borders.

Nevertheless, it is possible respect human rights, and at the same time protect borders and guarantee national security. It’s a question of political will and moral decency.

Refoulements and collective expulsions are made by state institutions, which means that wealthy nations are sending people to death, without having a single moment of emotion or regret or accountability. Migrants and refugees without prospects of future, vulnerable people, especially women and children, all submitted to all kinds of the most grotesque violence.

Even knowing how fundamental migrants are to counter labour force shortage and demographic ageing, the pressure of populist and extreme-right parties and movements are destroying the cohesion in our societies, our fundamental values, and our humanistic identity. That’s why some parties in this our noble institution tried to eliminate this important report from the discussion, because they don’t want to be confronted with their responsibility.

We must return to the fundamental values of human dignity and solidarity without concessions, because, in the end, what will happen to our world in increasing disorder will happen to all of us.

Please, support the report of our colleague Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:46:23

Thank you, Paulo.

Mr Dimitrios MANTZOS is next.

Mr Dimitrios MANTZOS

Greece, SOC

19:46:32

Thank you, Mister President.

Indeed, it should be clear to everyone, especially in this chamber, that collective expulsions, by nature, violate not only the European Convention of Human Rights and but also the fundamental rights and values that this very Organisation has been founded upon, as this report so perfectly elaborates. I thank the rapporteur for this.

This should unite us regardless of the national interests and views.

I come from a country that was deeply influenced by migration flows for many years now.

Greece and other countries on the European border line have faced a real crisis. Administrative and judicial systems have been overwhelmed.

Yes, instrumentalisation of migrants has also been a fact, but this cannot serve as a justification for the suspension of asylum proceedings or the collective expulsion or the not individualised examination of every case based on real evidence.

To grant asylum or order a return, one has first to examine every application, in a fair and objective way, with due process, ensuring the applicant's access to legal aid and interpreters, with adequate protection for unaccompanied minors.

This is an essential legal and humanitarian principle. As is the need to strike a balance between border protection and the protection of human life and dignity.

We need a real sense of solidarity among European states. Europe must not try to conceal migration and asylum issues under a veil of hypocrisy and ultra-right rhetoric.

We need honesty and solidarity, and we need brave actions without ever compromising our core values and principles.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:48:25

Thank you, Dimitrios.

Mr Michael RUBBESTAD is next.

Mr Michael RUBBESTAD

Sweden, ECPA

19:48:32

Mister President,

Esteemed colleagues,

This report gives a one-sided view. It presents border control and immigration law enforcement as threats to human rights, while mostly ignoring the huge pressure irregular migration puts on our societies, on our legal systems, and public trust in democratic governance.

Yes, collective expulsions are banned under international law, and rightly so, when done without distinction.

But we must not mix up lawful and necessary border protection with illegal collective actions.

States have both the right and the duty to protect their borders and keep their asylum systems working properly.

What this report sadly misses is that some groups are using our legal systems, including the very protections this Assembly supports, to make it harder for states to handle migration.

This is not just about law or human rights. It's about national control and democratic responsibility.

We cannot accept that every removal turns into a legal mess or that states are blamed for taking needed steps to protect public order and safety.

The people of Europe expect firmness, fairness, and control, not inaction.

Instead of general condemnations and vague principles, we need useful tools, strong co-operation and respect for the fact that different member states face very different situations.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:50:05

Thank you, Michael.

Dear colleagues, I must now interrupt the list of speakers. The speeches of members on the speakers list who have been present during the debate but have not been able to speak may be given to the Table Office for publication in the Official Report.

I remind colleagues that the type-written texts can be submitted, electronically if possible, no later than 4 hours after the list of speakers is interrupted.

I call now Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ to reply.

Dear Pierre-Alain, you have the floor for 3 minutes.

Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ

Switzerland, SOC, Rapporteur

19:50:37

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

Thank you for this debate.

Rarely do we come across such a willingness on the part of speakers to say what's really on their minds. And indeed, we've heard it all.

I'd like to say that I'm not surprised by this clash of values. A lot of things have been said by one side of the Chamber that are in contradiction with the values I hold, and certainly the majority of this Assembly; and, above all, they are in contradiction with certain values found in the Convention.

It's clear that when people say that everything is provided for in the law, that everything is in order, that somewhere these collective expulsions don't exist, and then others say that they do exist and that they are justified, it's a little confusing. So, I'm not going to try and convince one side of the room, because that's certainly not possible.

Instead, I'd like to address the people who spoke about the problem of hybrid warfare in Belarus. I completely understand the problem. I've lived through it. I witnessed things that deeply traumatised me.

I've been on this Commission for ten years. I've been everywhere, but in November 2021, Tiny KOX, President of the Assembly at the time, sent me on a mission with a Finnish colleague to the border between Poland and Belarus. We met the local authorities, but were unable to access the border. It was an exclusion zone, three kilometers long and impossible to cross. Then we were able to go to the border guards. These border guards introduced us to a Kurdish family with a father and four or five children; and, in front of us, the border guards told this family that the mother had just died.

It was a simple story, summarised in some of the speeches. These were people from Iraqi Kurdistan, who had been lured to Minsk by the possibility of easy entry into Western Europe, into Germany, and then the enchantment ended in horror. These people were pushed to the border. The background was that the mother of the family was seven months pregnant. She had grandchildren, the father, and they found themselves trapped in the forest, in this no-man's-land, knowing full well that there was a risk of being deported by the authorities. The woman started to miscarry. For 48 hours, they stayed holed up to avoid being caught. In the end, it was so terrible. The woman called for help. She was hospitalised. She died of this miscarriage with a hemorrhage.

What I really mean is that we're dealing with human beings. I fully understand that people are upset with Belarus and Russia for using people to wage a hybrid war. The problem is that we're dealing with people, and what we expect is that the countries that have been "attacked" will simply take charge of these people and then make assessments to see if they have the right and the vocation to seek asylum.

[Interrupted by the Chairman, who thanks him].

Yes, thank you, Mister Chairman.

[Applause]

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:54:10

Pierre-Alain, thank you.

Does the Chairperson of the Committee, Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO, want to take the floor?

Oleksii, would you like to take the floor?

You have 3 minutes.

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, ECPA, Chairperson of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

19:54:26

Dear friends, you know, here during this conversation, we hear how the left side of the hemicycle is fighting against the right side of the hemicycle.

But is it right?

Because in reality, that is exactly the aim of Mr Vladimir PUTIN and Mr Aleksandr LUKASHENKO. That's why they use these people. That's why.

Just imagine, you gave this example, the Iraqi family in Belarus. Just watch the map of the world, how an Iraqi family happened to be in Belarus. Just imagine the way, imagine how much money was invested to take these poor people, miserable people, but from Iraq to Belarus, and then to send them to the border in the forest between Belarus and Poland.

So who should we fight? One another? Or should we fight the main reason for this awful tyranny, which is LUKASHENKO, which is PUTIN? PUTIN is taking people from Africa, giving them bikes and saying "attack the Finnish border". Imagine in the Finnish snow, these poor people just on these bikes are attacking the Finnish border.

So, who should we fight against? Not one another, dear friends. We should be united, and united fight against real evil. This is what we are speaking about here now. It is metastasis. It's not a cancer itself. The cancer is LUKASHENKO. The cancer is PUTIN.

If we in this Assembly reacted on what they did for decades, when LUKASHENKO was killing in Belarus, when PUTIN was killing in Chechnya, the Caucasus, attacking Georgia, then attacking Ukraine, then attacking Syria to make more refugees come to our countries, to your countries, to divide you between left and right, then he attacked Ukraine once, then a second time.

We are just looking at this and saying, oh, you know, this is Russia. We don't know what to do. We need to find some solution. We need to dialogue with them.

To remind you how many days we spent here in discussions that Russians should be back. These people who are taking Iraqi families from Iraq to Belarus to attack our borders.

We were here saying, "Let's make a dialogue with them".

Do you remember that they were sitting here between us? These representatives of cancer.

So, my address is very simple. If we want to fight against evil, we need to fight against the causes of this evil, not against one another. The causes is these awful tyrannies who are weaponising people from one side and from another side weaponising the right of nations to protect their borders and their identities. That's it.

We need to make a right choice not to fight one another.

Thank you.

Mr Bob De BRABANDERE

Belgium, ECPA

20:20:10

(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)

 

Colleagues,

On Monday, during the preparation of the agenda for this plenary session, there was an attempt to remove this report from the schedule. That would have been a matter of common sense, but apparently, common sense hasn’t reached all groups in this parliament.

Because anyone who reads this report can come to only one conclusion: Europe and its member states are once again portrayed as the villains in the fantasy story that the left continues to write day after day in this chamber. France, Spain, Italy, Hungary, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania—the list is long. All these countries are accused of committing the "sin" of deporting illegal migrants.

And here, it’s treated as if that’s a bad thing.

Some people in this chamber would do well to listen to ordinary citizens—the people who don’t live in a politically correct echo chamber. Because the reality is that anyone who talks to regular people knows what they want: not fewer deportations of illegal migrants, but more.

If you want to be in charge of your own home, you need to be able decide who comes in and hold the key to your own door. That also means that if you find someone in your house who doesn’t belong there, you should have the freedom to remove them.

The countries criticized in this report are essentially doing just that: protecting their territory. And by extension, they’re often protecting the rest of Europe as well. Because we all know: thanks to Schengen and the lack of border controls, once someone enters Europe, they can move around freely. They head to countries where asylum policies are lenient and benefits are generous and if possible places where an army of NGO-funded lawyers is ready to drag out their applications for asylum for as long as possible. Belgium is a prime example.

Opposite to the people who created this report, I hope more countries take the initiative to protect their borders—and by doing so, protect my borders the borders of all of us in fact.

Mr Sam RUSHWORTH

United Kingdom, SOC

20:20:45

(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)

 

We have heard examples of those on the right, who tap into people’s insecurities on immigration and lure them with fake solutions to complex challenges.

This report calls for tough measures, warning against those who invoke exceptions to human rights on the pretext of “necessity”.

The enormous incrase in asylum seekers in the UK under the late Conservative government is a cautionary tale to beware of easy answers.

When they took office in 2010 annual asylum claims were just 18,000 and barely anyone came to the UK by small boat, remaining relatively constant until 2020. By 2024 they were nearly three times this number with over one in three risking their lives crossing from France. So what happened?

First, they pulled Britain out of the Dublin Agreement, meaning the UK could no longer return people to the first country where they claimed asylum.

Secondly, they closed safe legal routes, preventing people applying for asylum from outside the country and incentivising dangerous boat crossings.

Thirdly, they introduced a law declaring those who had arrived by small boat “illegal”, leaving tens of thousands of people stuck in hotels costing millions of pounds daily and at a terrible human cost.

Fourthly, they hatched a shameful plan to send asylum seekers to Rwanda. If you ever wonder whether what happens here has consequence, it was only European Court of Human Rights’ intervention that grounded a plane on the runway, insisting that there should be no deportation until UK courts had time to rule. The subsequent ruling declared Rwanda an unsafe place to send asylum seekers because it posed a serious risk of refoulement. So the then government introduced a Bill declaring Rwanda safe, irrespective of the facts.

Even more egregious is what this would have meant for anyone who had been trafficked to the UK – the human traffickers would been able to warn their victims not to scream, not to run, because if caught they would not be protected but criminalised.

Two years and £700 million later, the policy had failed as a deterrent and senior members of the Conservative Party are calling for the UK’s withdrawal from the ECHR, calling this great British creation a “foreign court”. For the right, everything is always someone else’s fault.

By contrast, this report proposes workable measures – international cooperation, safe-legal routes, the rule of law, and a compassionate humanising asylum system. I give it my support.

Vote: Putting an end to collective expulsions of aliens

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:57:37

The debate is closed.

The Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons has presented...

Yes. Is it a point of order?

Mr Dmytro NATALUKHA

Ukraine, ECPA

19:57:53

Yeah, a point of order, please.

On behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates, I ask for reference back to the Committee.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:58:04

Are you going to speak against, Mister Schwabe?

Mr Frank SCHWABE

Germany, SOC

19:58:12

Mister President,

What the distinguished Chair of the Committee would like to say is that the Committee supports the report. So, it's an excellent report. It's a very good report. We can disagree on it, but there's no reason to send it back to the Committee.

So, please vote "no" on this request.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:58:36

Okay.

So, colleagues, since Mr Dmytro NATALUKHA proposed the report to be referred back to the Committee on this motion, as you know, one speaker has already spoken in favour and one against.

What is the opinion of the rapporteur? Mister Pierre-Alain Fridez, I have to ask you, what is your opinion?

Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ

Switzerland, SOC, Rapporteur

19:59:03

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

I believe that the majority of the committee that accepted this report is in favour of what is, in fact, contained in the Convention. I think that the committee, if it has to rework this report, will basically make the same report. So, I don't see the point.

We've had the debate, and I don't think it's necessary at all.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

19:59:29

Thank you. 

We have had the speakers in favour and against the motion. 

The Assembly will now vote on the motion to refer Document 16135 back to the committee. Those in favour of referring the report back to the committee should vote “yes”. Those against should vote “no”. 

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the results to be displayed. 

 

The motion is rejected.

 

Now, I continue where I have been stopped. 

The Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons has presented a draft resolution to which no amendments have been tabled and a draft recommendation to which no amendments have been tabled.

We will now proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Document 16135. A simple majority is required.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

 

The draft resolution in Document 16135 is adopted.

 

We will now proceed to vote on the draft recommendation contained in Document 16135. I remind you that a two-thirds majority is required.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

 

It is less than two-thirds. The recommendation is rejected.

 

Dear colleagues, the Assembly will hold its next public sitting tomorrow at 10:00 a.m. with the agenda approved on Monday.

The sitting is adjourned.

 

 

The sitting is closed at 8:05 p.m.

Next sitting on Wednesday 9th at 10 a.m.