Letter from Ms Isabelle Berro-Amadeï, Government Advisor, Minister of External Relations and Cooperation, to Ms Chatzivassiliou-Tsovilis, Secretary General of the Parliamentary Assembly, dated January 25, 2024
By note dated 1 February 2023, you kindly drew my attention to the upcoming expiry of the mandate of the Judge elected in respect of Monaco to the European Court of Human Rights.
[…]
Consequently, I have the honor to submit to you the list of the following candidates:
[…]
On 16 September 2024, Ms Stéphanie Mourou-Vikström’s nine-year term (non-renewable) as a national judge at the European Court of Human Rights will end.
Under the procedure for selecting national judges, the Government was required to submit (by 11 December 2023 at the latest) a shortlist of three candidates (names and curricula vitae) to the Advisory Panel of Experts on Candidates for the Election as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights, in accordance with the criteria set out in the Guidelines on the selection of candidates for the post of judge at the Court, for election by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
This note outlines the national procedure for the selection of candidates for the post of judge at the Court in respect of Monaco.
Firstly, it should be noted that when drawing up the selection procedure, the Monegasque authorities took care to follow the guidelines adopted by the Committee of Ministers.
They drew up a timetable marking out the procedure.
Particular attention was paid to the drafting of the public calls for applications.
As in the previous procedure, a national selection committee was set up by administrative decision with a view to advising the government on the applications received.
The Monegasque authorities have shown their willingness to take account of the guidelines adopted by the Committee of Ministers by emphasising, when appointing members of the committee, that the composition of the committee is “an essential consideration” in the procedure and that “its members should collectively have sufficient technical knowledge and command respect and confidence”, (first guideline of the Committee of Ministers on the procedure for drawing up the recommended list of candidates).
The National Selection Committee, which was responsible for issuing an opinion on the applications to be forwarded to the government, was composed as follows:
A first public call for applications, attached hereto, was published in the Official Gazette (Journal de Monaco) on 6 January 2023, with a deadline for receipt of applications by the Minister of State of 6 March 2023.
An application dated 28 February 2023, was received by the Minister of State on 2 March 2023 and duly acknowledged. The application was forwarded to the Chair of the National Selection Committee, who was informed that it was the only one received.
In view of this, it was decided to publish a new public call for applications in the Official Gazette of 22 September 2023, as attached, with a deadline for receipt of applications of 23 October 2023.
Three applications were received by the Minister of State on 16, 18 and 23 October 2023 respectively, and then forwarded to the Chair of the National Selection Committee for consideration, the first on 19 October 2023 and the other two on 24 October 2023. The Minister of State wrote to the candidates to acknowledge their applications.
In a confidential letter to the Minister of State dated 24 November 2023, the Chair of the Committee reported that the Committee had met at the Palais de Justice on 21 November at 3 pm. She had chaired the meeting in her capacity as President of the High Council of Judges and Prosecutors.
With Ms Sylvie Petit-Leclair in the Chair, the Committee was composed of:
The members of the Committee were assisted by Ms Magali Ginepro, Secretary General of the Directorate of Judicial Services, who provided secretarial services.
The Chair noted that members had received a letter explaining the role of the Committee, which was to check that applicants met the conditions laid down by the European Convention on Human Rights and the various Council of Europe bodies, as published in the national call for applications.
The Committee noted that the applications had been sent to the Minister of State within the deadline set in the call for applications.
The Chair had invited the three candidates to interview in a letter sent by post and emailed on 27 October 2023.
They were each called in turn on Tuesday 21 November 2023 for an interview of equal duration with the members of the Committee.
The candidates were the three then put forward on the list.
The Chair had begun by reminding the assembled Committee of its role and of the procedure for selecting candidates.
During the interviews, the candidates presented their experience, qualifications and skills and explained their reasons for applying and why they would be suitable for the position of a judge at the Court in respect of Monaco.
In its opinion, the Committee set out each candidate’s qualifications and reasons for applying, pointing out that the answers given by all three candidates to the specific questions put by members had demonstrated their full knowledge of the Court, the texts in force and the case law.
On the basis of the applications received and the interviews, it concluded that the three candidates met the criteria laid down both in the European Convention on Human Rights (Articles 21 to 23) and in the relevant texts of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
The Committee found that the three candidates met the requirements of being of high moral character, highly qualified and competent in their field, independent and impartial. They also meet the age and language requirements, with the proviso that one candidate would reach the age limit before the end of her term of office if elected.
The candidates have given a written undertaking that, if elected, they would take up permanent residence in Strasbourg and would be fully available to serve as a national judge at the Court.
Lastly, the Committee wished to point out that, as the candidates were known to its members, it could vouch for the accuracy of the references, qualifications and details provided in their CVs.
After receiving the Committee’s reasoned opinion, the Minister of State sent a shortlist of three names, presented in alphabetical order, comprising one woman and two men.
The Monegasque authorities would like to stress that, despite the country’s small population and the need to fill positions of public responsibility at national level, they are putting forward serious candidates who meet the criteria.
Name, forename: Biancheri, Sébastien
Sex: male
Date and place of birth: 5 June 1980 in Monaco
Nationality: Monegasque
2001 – Diplôme d'Etudes Universitaires Générales (DEUG) (university diploma taken after two years of study) in Law, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis (mention très bien (distinction))
2002 – Degree (Licence) in Law, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis (mention bien (merit)). Certificate of International Law (grade: B), summer programme, Hofstra University (New York)
2003 – Master’s Degree in Private Law, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis (merit, first in his year)
2004 – Advanced Postgraduate Diploma (DEA) in private law and criminal sciences, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis (merit). Member of the Private Law Research Centre (CERDP) at the University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis
2004-2005 – Legal trainee at the French legal service training college (ENM), Bordeaux, and secondment to the Avignon Tribunal de Grande instance. Awarded a foreign legal trainee diploma (with distinction)
2006 – Substitute judge at the Monaco Court of First Instance: Associate judge for the civil and criminal benches, all types of case, judge in charge of labour disputes over accidents at work
2007 – Substitute prosecutor serving as a deputy to the Principal State Prosecutor of Monaco: prosecution at criminal and youth court hearings, management of investigations in real time, settlement of judicial investigations, processing of extradition cases
2008-2011 – Judge at the Monaco Court of First Instance: General civil proceedings, conciliating family affairs judge, enforcement of sentences, juvenile delinquency criminal and trial benches. Alternating presidency of the trial office of the Labour Court, labour disputes
2012-2018 – Chief judge at the Monaco Court of First Instance. General civil and criminal proceedings, administrative proceedings. Urgent applications judge at the Labour Court. Exclusive presidency of the commercial bench, presiding judge in flagrante delicto hearings. Judge in charge of the execution of international requests for judicial assistance in civil cases. Responsibility for urgent applications cases through delegation by the President. Presiding judge in civil advisory division hearings (protection of adults, guardianship disputes)
2018-March 2021 – Vice-President of the Monaco Court of First Instance. Regular presiding judge in hearings on civil cases and urgent applications, administrative proceedings, occasionally presided over criminal and flagrante delicto hearings, exclusive presidency of the commercial bench. Cases delegated by the President of the Court, participation in Criminal Court proceedings
Since March 2021- Judge at the Monaco Court of Appeal. All civil, criminal, administrative, labour and commercial appeal proceedings, investigation division, extradition cases, Criminal Court.
Since September 2012 – Secretary of the Council of State of the Principality of Monaco (post which is required by law to be occupied by a member of the judiciary)
Since 2021 – Chair of the Disciplinary Division of the Monégasque Anti-Doping Committee
Since 2021 – Member of the campaign auditing committee
2012-2015 – Member of the Drafting Committee of the law review, the Revue de Droit Monégasque
2010-2014 – Full member of the Monégasque judicial service commission, the Haut Conseil de la Magistrature:
None.
Since 2022 – Member of the list of ad hoc judges at the European Court of Human Rights in respect of the Principality of Monaco.
Since 2015 – Member of the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) of the Council of Europe.
June, July, September 2022 – Three-month study visit to the European Court of Human Rights: Secondment to the French unit of the Registry, active participation in the unit’s daily work:
Examples of human rights-related proceedings. The Council of Europe and international law at the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal:
2018 – Chair of the Board of Appeals on decisions of the remand prison disciplinary board and questions relating to detention conditions in the context of the enforcement of sentences
In the course of his work for the Council of State:
Questions relating to freedom of association, objection to acquisition of nationality, work on the 4th GRECO evaluation round concerning Monaco, opinions on freezing of criminal assets (UN resolutions), personal data protection and conformity with Council of Europe 108+ and a Law establishing a Code of Private International Law
2023 – hearing as a representative of the Court of Appeal by a delegation from the Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) as part of the 3rd evaluation round on “Access to justice and effective remedies for victims of human trafficking”
2022 – mission to assess the needs of the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR): presentation of the Court of Appeal’s role in electoral disputes
2018 – working visit to Monaco by the European Union’s Counter-Terrorism Coordinator: as Vice-President of the Court of First Instance, presentation of the court’s powers and the balance between anti-terrorism measures and respect for fundamental rights
2015 – hearing in his capacity as urgent applications judge of the Labour Court by a delegation of the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI): the tools available to courts to combat discrimination
2014 – participation in the Council of Europe symposium on legislation on and use of electronic bracelets in member states
None.
None.
None.
1/ preparation of examinations and vocational training in Monaco; 2/ higher education in France 3/ in-service training
1/ since 2007, 2/ since 2016, 3/ since 2009.
1/ Since 2009 – Regular contributor to the initial training of trainee lawyers through “traineeship lectures”: applied courses in Monégasque law for practitioners (especially the proportionality review mechanism)
Since 2020 – Contributor to the preparation of examinations for lawyers for the Monégasque Training Institute for the Legal Professions
2007 and 2008 – Member of the jury for the recruitment competition for police inspectors and senior and other officers in the police department
2-1/ Since 2018 – Annual contribution to the Private Law Master’s Il course in criminal sciences at the University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis (run by Professor JF. Renucci and Y. Strickler)
Themes: Compatibility of Monégasque law on collective procedures with the ECHR; implementation of the principle of subsidiarity under the ECHR: means of application by Monégasque courts
2-2/ 2023 – Contribution to the Law degree course (licence) at the University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis: (Professor Marina Teller): the CEPEJ Ethical Charter on the use of artificial intelligence in judicial systems: full jurisdiction within the meaning of Article 6 of the ECHR in the light of the use of algorithms.
2-3/ Law degree course at the University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis: (Professor Marina Teller): introduction to Monégasque law
3/ In-service training provided by the French legal service training college (ENM). Regular input to training in the human rights field, including: the European Court and Convention for Human Rights (2010, then 2022), judges and prosecutors and human rights (2023), common law (2012), the standing and ethics of judges and prosecutors (2016) and psychiatric treatment without consent (2018)
2013 – participation in a colloquy of the International Association of Lawyers on current criminal and civil ECHR case law
2013 – training course on combating racism in Europe, held in Monaco by the Commissioner for Human Rights, Mr Nils Muiznieks with the co-operation of President J.P Costa
(related to human rights and fundamental rights):
2004 – drafting of research papers during his DEA and work at the CERDP at the University of Nice Sophia- Antipolis including: urgent applications and freedom of expression and the concept of private life as interpreted by the Strasbourg Court
2009 – Speech at the opening of the judicial year: “L'humanisme juridique dans les statuts criminels du Prince Louis Ier” in Journal de Monaco (Official gazette of the Principality), 31 October 2009
2022 – Research workshop on “Cross-border persons” (“la personne transfrontalière”), of 29 November 2022 (under the direction of Professor Nathalie Rubio, International and Community Research and Study Centre (CERIC), University of Aix-en-Provence): contribution on the theme “The H.F. France v. France judgment [GC] 2022, the interpretation of the concept of borders in the case law of the ECHR”
2023 – Study: “La protection des lanceurs d'alertes, à propos de l'arrêt Halet c. Luxembourg GC 2023”, Revue Procédures Lexis Nexis 2023 No. 7
2023 – Article: “Binationalité et identité au sens de l'article 8 de la CEDH: quelle approche pour le juge monégasque?” in Mélanges en mémoire du professeur Jean-François Renucci, Dalloz, 2024 (not yet published)
2023 – Speech at the annual opening of courts and tribunals, 1 October 2023: “La Cour européenne des droits de l'homme à l'ère de la maturité de la protection des droits” in Journal de Monaco (Official gazette of the Principality) (not yet published)
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I confirm that I will do so if necessary.
None.
I confirm that I will do so.
Name, forename: Dubrocard, Michèle
Sex: female
Born on 12 November 1959 in Marseille (France)
Nationality: French
16/04/2012-14/03/2017: Justice Adviser, Permanent Representation of France to the European Union in Brussels (Belgium), Ministry of Justice:
07/09/2009-13/04/2012: Head of the Institutional Affairs and Advice Office, Department of European and International Affairs, Ministry of Justice, Paris (France):
02/09/2002-04/09/2009: Legal advisor, French Embassy in the Netherlands, The Hague (Netherlands):
31/08/1998-30/08/2002: Deputy Director for Human Rights, Directorate of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Paris (France):
02/11/1994-30/08/1998: Legal drafter at the Sub-Directorate of Human Rights, Directorate of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Paris (France):
31/08/1992 – 31/10/1994: Judicial officer at the central justice department, Directorate of Prison Administration, Ministry of Justice, Paris (France):
12/02/1990-30/08/1992: Judicial officer at the central justice department, Directorate of Criminal Affairs and Pardons, Ministry of Justice, Paris (France):
04/01/1988-09/02/1990: Judge for execution of sentences, Rouen Tribunal de Grande Instance (France):
01/10/2021 to present: Legal expert at the office of the European Data Protection Supervisor, Brussels (Belgium):
15/03/2017 – 30/09/2021: Seconded national expert, Secretariat of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs of the European Parliament, Brussels (Belgium):
01/10/1983-01/06/1984: French foreign language assistant at the University of Toronto (Canada).
Council of Europe expert on human rights: participation in seminars forming part of the co-operation established by the Council of Europe with new States Parties:
Annual participation from 1998 to 2002 in the day given over to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights concerning France: Human Rights Research and Study Centre (CREDHO), University of Paris-Sud, Jean Monnet Faculty.
Participation in national and international seminars:
None.
My level of English enables me to work without difficulty in an exclusively English-speaking environment (level C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages).
Lastly, I confirm that if I am elected, I will take up permanent residence in Strasbourg.
Name, forename: Strickler, Yves Christian
Sex: male
Date and place of birth: 31 July 1965 (aged 58) in Strasbourg, France
Nationality: French
Robert Schuman University – Strasbourg, 16 October 1993:
High distinction (mention très honorable) with a special commendation from the examining board; thesis award from the Association for the Development of Relations between the Economy and Research at the Universities of Strasbourg and Haute Alsace (ADRERUS); thesis award from the National Association of Doctors of Law (ANDD); thesis award from the Strasbourg University Faculty of Law, Political Sciences and Management, prize-winner of the Strasbourg University Faculty of Law, Political Sciences and Management; Gaussail Prize from the Toulouse science and literature academy, the Académie des Sciences, Inscriptions et BellesLettres; thesis submitted for a grant from the Ministry of Higher Education and Research.
February 1989: Advanced Postgraduate Diploma (DEA) in Private Law (pass (mention assez-bien)), diploma awarded during the candidate’s national service year (53rd Infantry Regiment, Mutzig, Alsace).
June 1987: Master’s degree in Private Law (Pass)
June 1986: Degree (Licence) in Law (Merit)
June 1985: DEUG (university diploma taken after two years of study), specialising in law (Merit)
Fustel de Coulanges state upper secondary school, Strasbourg, 1980-1983: Baccalaureate specialising in literature and music (A-6 bis) (Pass).
No judicial activity within the strict meaning of the word, but:
Professor at the Côte d'Azur University, Nice Faculty of Law and Political Science, since 2010. Subjects taught during this period (current courses in bold type): “Methodology of competitions” and “Contract law” Institute of Judicial Studies, preparation for competitions for admission to the judiciary); “Civil law of property” (Year 1 and Master’s 1- Administration and liquidation of companies in difficulty), “Civil procedure” (Master’s 1 Administration and liquidation of companies in difficulty; Master’s 2 – Fundamental private law; “Law of obligations” (Master’s 2 – Fundamental criminal law); "Introduction to ethics" (Master’s 1, DS4H graduate school; Doctoral Schools); “Introduction to Monégasque Law”, “Expedited civil and criminal proceedings” and “Research methodology” (Master’s 2 Fundamental private law and Master’s 2 Fundamental criminal law – joint courses); “Property disputes” (Master’s 2 Case management); “Liability in tort” (Master’s 2 Liability Law).
Teaching at the University of Strasbourg over the same period: at the Faculty of Law: courses in “Ordinary private law” and “Emergency procedures” (Master’s 2, Justice, trials and procedures); “Civil liability law” (Master’s 2, Fundamental Private Law speciality, 2010-2018); at the Centre for International Intellectual Property Studies (CEIPI): courses in “Civil procedure”, “Property law” and “Execution procedures” (Master’s 2 Law, Economics, Management, majoring in Intellectual Property Law and specialising in Industrial Property).
Subjects taught: 1st year: “Property law”; 2nd year: “Liability law”; 3rd year: “Ordinary private law” DEA in private law, “Research methodology” and “Liability law”; DEA in public law; seminars on “Comparative procedures”; Institute of Judicial Studies: “Preparation for competitions”.
Subjects taught: 2nd year: “General criminal law”; “Criminal procedure”; 3rd year: “Ordinary private law”; DEA in private law, “Research methodology” and “Liability law”; DEA in criminal sciences, seminars on “Criminal procedure”; DESS in legal proceedings: seminars on “Rapid procedures”; Institute of Judicial Studies: “Preparation for competitions”.
Subjects taught: 2nd year of “capacity in law” catch-up course (Capacité en droit), “Civil procedure and execution procedures”; 1st year: “Introduction to law studies”, 2nd year: tutorials in civil law (Common company contracts); 3rd year: tutorials in labour law; Institute of Judicial Studies, seminars to prepare for the competition for admission to the legal service training college (ENM).
Research grantee – Monitor, then temporary teaching and research assistant: Robert Schuman University, Strasbourg III (1989-1992; 1992-1994): tutorials in: “Civil family law” (1st year); “Commercial law” (3rd year), and “Liability law” (2nd year).
Member of the Judicial Service Commission of the Principality of Monaco: Sovereign Order No. 6.935 of 15 May 2018; renewal: Sovereign Order No. 9.217 of 25 April 2022. Activities at the Commission included recruitment of French judges seconded to the Principality of Monaco, promotion of Monégasque judges and drafting a digest of ethical and professional standards (2017).
I would like to highlight four experiences in this area, which differed in terms both of their method and of their results.
Scientific Director of the Monégasque Institute of Training in the Judicial Professions. The institute was set up in 2021 in response to the findings of members of examining boards for lawyers’ examinations and competitions for admission to the judiciary. Sovereign Order No. 9.766 of 22 February 2023 went beyond the “initial training” programmes to preparing for other examinations and competitions giving access to the judicial professions and set up the function of Scientific Director of the Institute.
The Institute is now tasked with preparing candidates for the competition for admission to the judiciary and for the examination giving admission to the placement needed to begin practising as a lawyer and for all other examinations and competitions giving access to the judicial professions; providing training seminars for judges, lawyers, defending lawyers and the other judicial professions; holding events or colloquia on legal themes; and helping to disseminate Monégasque law.
Member of the examining board for lawyers of the Principality of Monaco (2018 to 2022);
Vice-Chair and member of the examining board for admission to the Lawyers’ College of South-East France (EDA SUD-EST) (2013 to 2018); examiner for the entrance examination for the written papers on Civil Liability Law (2010 to present) and for the same examination for Lawyers of Alsace (1999 to 2004: main oral examination on fundamental freedoms and written papers on liability law);
Chair of the examining board for the main oral examination on protection of fundamental rights and freedoms for the EDA SUD-EST entrance examination (2010 to 2017);
Examiner for the Police Commissioner’s competition, written paper on criminal law and criminal procedure (1995-2000);
Member of the examining board for the entrance examination for the Training Centre for the Profession of Notary, written papers on summary notes and civil law – Liabilities and property – and oral examinations on civil law and general knowledge and judicial institutions (1999 to 2007);
Member of the examining board for the entrance competition for admission to the French legal service training college (2nd and 3rd competition), written and oral papers on general knowledge (1998);
Marker for the competition for admission to the French national public service college, the École Nationale d'Administration (external competition), written paper on civil law (2006 and 2007).
This is a secondary activity, which enables me every year, to look at 3 to 6 cases proposed by legal practitioners to maintain the essential link between theory and practice.
To avoid any risk of conflicts of interest owing to my appointment in February 2023, as the scientific director of the Monégasque Institute of Training in the Legal Professions, I took the decision in agreement with the Director of Judicial Services, to refrain from that point on from giving any legal advice requested of me by a Monégasque lawyer concerning a case in the Principality.
From 2011 to 2021: establishment in Nice of the “Far South” branch of the European Court of Arbitration. Presidency, member of the Board of Directors and appointments committee and management of the registry; improvements to arbitration regulations and translation into English; preparation of model arbitration clauses.
Outside the Far South Section, carrying out some arbitrations (internal and international) as sole arbitrator and within an arbitration tribunal.
Ethics and academic integrity officer for Côte d'Azur University:
Since 20 June 2019. The tasks of the ethics and academic integrity officer include, in particular, supervision of the implementation by the university of a policy on all ethical issues (including academic integrity); advising the president and the university authorities on all ethics-related issues; giving opinions when ethical and/or deontological problems arise (examples of themes in the university’s files which gave rise to an opinion are academic freedom, freedom of expression and various interpersonal conflicts); setting up mediation procedures or any other form of appeasement for all conflict situations reported; collecting all allegations of breaches and investigating cases from a disciplinary viewpoint in particular and preparing the file where legal action is recommended (including chairing administrative inquiry boards); helping to set up training in ethics for all PhD students; and taking part in national and international networks which support his role.
Chair of the Research Ethics Committee of the Côte d'Azur University:
Since 20 June 2019. Tasks of the Chair of this 21-member committee include seeing to it that each month, it can assess research files in all the university’s academic fields, appointing rapporteurs and preparing reports himself, for presentation, discussion and adoption at committee meetings. The Chair gears the rules on the functions and the functioning of this committee to the university’s needs and the ethical demands of research work.
Member of a large number of bodies, including the following: the Academic Board of Côte d'Azur University (21 July 2015 – July 2019); Vice-Dean in charge of research at the Nice Faculty of Law and Political Science (13 May 2014 – 14 May 2019); instigator then President of the Federative Research Institute “Interactions” (1 January 2018 – 5 June 2020); Member of the Management Board of the Nice Faculty of Law and Political Science (18 April 2014 – 2020) then of the Steering Committee of the University Research School “Lex & Society” (2020 to present); Director of the Master’s 2 in private law until 2021, currently Director of the Master’s 2 in fundamental private law and, until 2022, Co-Director of the Master’s 2 in criminal law and human rights; Director of the Research and Study Centre in Procedural Law (1 January 2011 – 30 June 2016); member of the board of the Doctoral School of Law, Economics, Politics and Management (2010 – June 2016); and joint drafter of the internal regulations.
Previously, in Strasbourg: Vice-President in charge of doctoral research and studies; member of the Steering Committee and Select Bureau of the University of Strasbourg (preparing for the merger of Strasbourg’s three universities: 2008-2009) and drafter of the joint research section of the university programme contract 2009-2013; instigator then Director of CNRS Research Federation No. 3241 on “L’Europe en mutation” (A Changing Europe), set up on 1 January 2009 and bringing together 160 research teachers and research workers; Deputy Dean of the International Comparative Law Faculty (2009-2010); member of the Management Board, the Academic Board and the Grants Commission of the European Doctoral College (2006-2010); Director of the Institute of Judicial Studies of the Strasbourg Law Faculty (1999 – 2005); member and chair of judging panels for the 20th René Cassin Human Rights Competition (2004, 2005 and 2008).
Incorporation of Court case law into my lessons, particularly those on civil and criminal procedure, property law and, above all, procedural law.
Drafting of legal articles and commentaries which take account of European requirements (see below, section VII).
Organisation of a visit to the European Court of Human Rights and a meeting with one of its judges for a delegation of Chinese professors and prosecutors.
Reminder (see above):
See above, Ill, b and c.
None
None
Work placement at the Strasbourg Tribunal de Grande Instance from 4 September 1989 to 30 October 1989.
Work placement at the Paris Tribunal de Grande Instance from 5 to 30 June 1989.
Member of the National Students’ Association for Prisoner Education (Genepi) in 1986, 1987 and 1989.
Direction of 29 doctoral theses in private law and criminal sciences since the beginning of my career.
Some 400 publications: books (including about twenty as author or as editor of a collective work), articles and commentaries.
Instigator and director of collections:
Member of the editorial board of the review published by GRASCO (Research-action group against organised crime), an online review published since 15 April 2012.
Mother tongue: French
Passive knowledge:
My English language skills are exercised more in the written sphere than in the oral, so if elected judge at the Court, I undertake to take intensive English language classes prior to, and if need be also at the beginning of, my term of duty.
I confirm hereby that if elected judge at the Court, I will take up permanent residence in Strasbourg.