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Global peace under threat: halting the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza and addressing the wider conflict in the Middle East

Doc. 16210: compendium of written amendments | Doc. 16210 | 25/06/2025 | Final version

Compendium index

Amendment 1 Amendment 24 Amendment 2 Amendment 3 Amendment 4 Amendment 5 Amendment 6 Amendment 22 Amendment 7 Amendment 8 Amendment 9 Amendment 10 Amendment 11 Amendment 12 Amendment 25 Amendment 26 Amendment 13 Amendment 14 Amendment 15 Amendment 16 Amendment 23 Amendment 17 Amendment 18 Amendment 19 Amendment 20 Amendment 21

Caption: AdoptedRejectedWithdrawnNo electronic votes

ADraft Resolution

1The Parliamentary Assembly expresses deep concern about the escalation of the war in the Middle East, where multiple fronts of fighting have been active since the appalling terrorist attack by Hamas against Israel in October 2023, which the Assembly has unequivocally condemned. This unfolding multifaceted war involves Israeli forces, as well as terrorist and proxy groups such as Hamas, Hezbollah and the Houthis, and has caused immense suffering to the civilian population, particularly in Gaza. The eruption of open military hostilities between Israel and Iran in June 2025 and the direct military intervention of the United States in this conflict targeting nuclear facilities, represent a further alarming development, which could lead to an even wider conflagration with devastating consequences for human suffering and the maintenance of international peace and security, at a time when power politics seem to have overridden the system of global governance based on international law.

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 63 in favor 46 against 6 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 1, at the end of the first sentence, insert the following words:

"and the response by Israel, which has led to a catastrophic and entirely preventable humanitarian situation in Gaza"

25 June 2025

Tabled by Mr George LOUCAIDES, Ms Gabrielle CATHALA, Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES, Ms Sophia CHIKIROU, Mr Berdan ÖZTÜRK

Votes: 46 in favor 62 against 6 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 1, replace the third sentence with the following sentences:

"The military aggressions against Iran by Israel, followed by the United States, constitute a violation of international law. The retaliation by Iran led to an eruption of open military hostilities between Israel and Iran in June 2025, and the direct military intervention of the United States in this conflict targeting Iran's nuclear facilities. This resulted in hundreds of civilian casualties and represents a further alarming development which could lead to an even wider conflagration with devastating consequences for human suffering and the maintenance of international peace and security at a time when power politics seem to have overridden the system of global governance based on international law."

2The Assembly reaffirms, in line with the values of the Council of Europe as a defender of human rights, democracy and the rule of law, its longstanding commitment to peace and regional stability in the Middle East and calls on all the parties to this broader war to de-escalate. The Assembly also reiterates the urgent need to uphold international law, respect human dignity, protect civilians, and reinvigorate multilateral diplomacy to avert further suffering, violence, destabilisation and radicalisation. The solution to the multiple, deep-seated, long-standing conflicts and challenges affecting the Middle East cannot be achieved through military confrontation but through diplomacy and an inclusive political process aimed at laying the foundations for durable peace, stability, respect and reconciliation between peoples.
3In this context, the Assembly acknowledges the announcement of a ceasefire between Israel and Iran, and urges all parties to refrain from any actions that could jeopardise this fragile progress.
4The Assembly remains gravely concerned by the destabilising activities of the Iranian regime which, in addition to systematically denying basic human rights to its population, plays a central role in fuelling regional and global violence and instability. Through its sustained support for armed proxy groups across the Middle East, including Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon, armed factions in Syria and Iraq, and the Houthi movement in Yemen, Iran has aimed to undermine regional security and has contributed to the prolongation and intensification of multiple armed conflicts.
5In addition, Iran's acceleration of its uranium enrichment programme in defiance of international commitments and its growing co-operation with the Russian Federation in this domain raise serious concerns about its capacity to develop nuclear weapons. By supplying military equipment to the Russian Federation for use in its war of aggression against Ukraine, and by deepening its political and strategic alignment with Moscow at both bilateral and multilateral levels, Iran has also emerged as a direct threat to European security.

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 97 in favor 13 against 7 abstentions

In the draft resolution, after paragraph 5, insert the following paragraph:

"Movements have been reported from Tehran and other parts of Iran, with many people crossing into neighbouring countries, including Council of Europe member States. Equally, shelling has caused people in Israel and the Palestinian territories to seek shelter elsewhere in the country and, in some cases, abroad. Everything must be done to avoid another refugee crisis taking root, as there is no quick way back from this situation. The Assembly recalls that, with the conflict escalating further, additional humanitarian needs would emerge in a region already hosting millions of refugees and internally displaced people, and notes the consequential risks to those people of exploitation and becoming victims of human trafficking. It is concerned that if the conflict persists, existing refugee populations, mainly from Afghanistan, would also face renewed uncertainty and yet more hardship."

6In the face of the unprecedented escalation in Iran centred on the unacceptable nuclear threat that it poses, and the increased threat to global security, the international community must not lose sight of the dramatic fate of ordinary people in Gaza, and that of the hostages held captive by Hamas and other terrorist militia groups. The Assembly is convinced that the widening scope of hostilities in the region should not divert attention from the urgent need to halt the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza, nor from the deteriorating situation in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem, and the urgent need to uphold international law and ensure accountability.

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

In the draft resolution, paragraph 6, first sentence, replace the words "ordinary people" with the following word:

"civilians"

7The Assembly recalls its resolutions that have sought a permanent and unconditional ceasefire and a renewed effort to achieve a political solution in Gaza. While welcoming the mediation that led to a temporary ceasefire on 19 January 2025, the Assembly deplores the fact that, despite these efforts and other expressions of the will of the international community, Israeli forces continue their disproportionate attacks on Gaza, with appalling consequences for the civilian population. The Assembly abhors and condemns in the strongest terms the devastating toll inflicted – with over 55 000 deaths according to figures reported to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. It equally abhors and condemns reported Israeli attacks on civilians seeking aid, the obstruction of humanitarian aid, the mass displacement of communities and the widespread destruction of civilian infrastructure, including housing, hospitals, schools and religious and cultural sites.

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 100 in favor 10 against 1 abstention

In the draft resolution, paragraph 7, first sentence, after the words "The Assembly recalls its resolutions", insert the following words:

", in particular Resolution 2582 (2025),"

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 70 in favor 49 against 4 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 7, at the end of the third sentence, insert the following words:

"including 15 000 children according to UNICEF"

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 82 in favor 37 against 2 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 7, fourth sentence, after the words "mass displacement of communities," insert the following words:

", the water shortage and growing likelihood of famine,"

25 June 2025

Tabled by Ms Zeynep YILDIZ, Ms Bisera KOSTADINOVSKA-STOJCHEVSKA, Ms Pelin YILIK, Mr Abdurrahman BABACAN, Mr Mustafa CANBEY

Votes: 68 in favor 50 against 5 abstentions

In the draft resolution, at the end of paragraph 7, insert the following sentence:

"These acts cannot be justified under the pretext of self-defense and appear to constitute grave violations of international humanitarian law."

Explanatory note

These acts constitute grave violations of international humanitarian law and cannot be justified by self-defense. It is therefore vital to accurately characterise and address these actions, particulary in terms of their violation of international law.

8Aid delivery models approved by Israel’s Security Cabinet, purportedly designed to bypass Hamas-controlled channels, have risked violating core humanitarian principles and have exposed civilians and aid workers to significant harm. Humanitarian access remains grossly insufficient amid ongoing hostilities and operational restrictions. Strikes on distribution sites and the absence of adequate protective measures have led to mass casualties and the deaths of over 460 aid workers since October 2023.

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 62 in favor 55 against 5 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 8, first sentence, replace the words "have risked violating" with the following words:

"have violated"

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 68 in favor 54 against 5 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 8, after the second sentence, insert the following sentence:

"Hospitals in Gaza, targeted by Israeli bombings, are either totally destroyed or completely overstretched, facing critical shortages of essential medicines and supplies, and more than 50 000 pregnant women are facing growing health risks, such as miscarriages, stillbirth and undernourished newborns. A whole generation risks being sacrificed."

9The expansion of Israel’s military operations in Gaza in May 2025 was met with opposition from large parts of the international community, and the Israeli Government has been repeatedly called upon to meet its obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law. In this context, the Assembly further recalls the provisional measures indicated by the International Court of Justice, and the issuance of arrest warrants by the International Criminal Court against senior Israeli officials, as well as against a Hamas senior leader. Systemic breaches of fundamental obligations require accountability.

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

In the draft resolution, paragraph 9, first sentence, after the words "international community", insert the following words:

"and parts of Israeli society"

10In deploring the catastrophic situation in Gaza, the Assembly recalls the grave responsibility of Hamas for the war, its rejection of numerous ceasefire mediation efforts that would provide a pathway for ending the conflict, and its refusal to release the remaining hostages. In sustaining the conflict, Hamas not only threatens Israel’s security, but prolongs the appalling suffering and ordeal of the Palestinian people and undermines the Palestinian project for peace and statehood.
11The Assembly emphasises that the prolongation of hostilities, the intensification of violations of international humanitarian law, the obstruction of ceasefire negotiations and the continued captivity of hostages are inflicting intolerable suffering on civilians and endangering any realistic prospect of restoring stability and securing a viable political settlement. The protracted nature of the conflict, combined with disregard for established legal and humanitarian norms undermines the effectiveness of the international rules-based order and represents a threat to global peace and security.
12The Assembly expresses particular alarm at statements by senior Israeli officials advocating, or openly contemplating, the permanent displacement of Gaza’s civilian population. It stresses that any such acts would constitute a grave breach of international humanitarian and human rights law, including the Fourth Geneva Convention, and would amount to a crime under international law. The Assembly underscores that the protection of civilian populations must remain a paramount concern and that any policies aimed at demographic engineering or forcible population transfer are wholly unacceptable.

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 67 in favor 59 against 2 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 12, first sentence, replace the words "statements by senior Israeli officials advocating, or openly contemplating, the permanent displacement of Gaza’s civilian population" with the following words:

"the approval by the Israeli Security Cabinet of the Gideon’s Chariot Operation, which involves the forcible displacement of the Palestinian population of Gaza, as well as its military occupation"

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 66 in favor 59 against 5 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 12, second sentence, replace the words "crime under international law" with the following words:

"serious crime under international law"

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 57 in favor 64 against 7 abstentions

In the draft resolution, at the end of paragraph 12, insert the following sentence:

"Indeed, this policy appears to go in the direction of deliberate ethnic cleansing as having the characteristics of a genocidal intent."

13Furthermore, the Assembly remains deeply concerned about the situation in the West Bank and East Jerusalem where settler violence, the closure of all checkpoints and mass arrests and detentions have accelerated since direct hostilities between Israel and Iran began on 13 June 2025. The Assembly reaffirms its unwavering support for a negotiated two-State solution as the only viable path to lasting peace and security. It further stresses that the continued expansion of Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, which remain illegal under international law, systematically undermines this goal, inflames tensions and contributes to the broader destabilisation of the region.

25 June 2025

Tabled by Mr George LOUCAIDES, Ms Gabrielle CATHALA, Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES, Ms Sophia CHIKIROU, Mr Berdan ÖZTÜRK

Votes: 57 in favor 65 against 7 abstentions

In the draft resolution, after paragraph 13, insert the following paragraph:

"In light of the need to protect freedom of expression, especially of parliamentarians, the Assembly condemns the petition for expulsion of a member of the Knesset, Mr Ayman Odeh, and urges members of the Knesset to oppose and reject it.

14In light of the escalation of war in the Middle East, the Assembly:
14.1expresses its deep concern about the direct hostilities between Israel and Iran and about the involvement of the United States, and calls for immediate de-escalation and restraint by all parties;

25 June 2025

Tabled by Mr George LOUCAIDES, Ms Gabrielle CATHALA, Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES, Ms Sophia CHIKIROU, Mr Berdan ÖZTÜRK

If adopted, amendment 13 falls.

Votes: 39 in favor 75 against 8 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 14.1, replace the words "the direct hostilities between Israel and Iran and about the involvement of the United States" with the following words:

"the violations of international law by Israel and the United States and the subsequent retaliation by Iran"

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Falls if amendment 26 is adopted.

Votes: 60 in favor 65 against 6 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 14.1, after the words "deep concern about", insert the following words:

"the breaches of international law and"

14.2acknowledges the announcement of a ceasefire between Israel and Iran, and urges parties to take steps to ensure its implementation;
14.3urges all States to refrain from actions that risk regional conflagration and to pursue diplomatic channels to establish regional stability;
14.4stresses that under international humanitarian law, all parties must take all feasible precautions to spare civilians and minimise their suffering and casualties;
14.5expresses serious concern about the continued Israeli military operations in Syria that risk further destabilising a fragile political transition, and calls on all parties to respect the territorial integrity of Syria and refrain from actions that may escalate regional tensions;
14.6calls for a return to multilateral engagement, particularly through the United Nations and relevant regional actors, to address the interconnected crises across the Middle East.
14.7calls on its member States to send a stronger message of political support to and solidarity with Iranians standing up for democracy and human rights, by, among other things, listing the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organisation.

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 100 in favor 16 against 15 abstentions

In the draft resolution, after paragraph 14.7, insert the following paragraph:

"calls on member States to provide co-ordinated support to Iran’s neighbouring States which are part of the Council of Europe, and which may be called upon to deal with a possible humanitarian crisis due to arrivals of large volumes of people fleeing the region, notably by ensuring early planning for humanitarian corridors, fair relocation schemes, protection from exploitation and the risks of trafficking, and support to frontline States by ensuring fair burden-sharing among all member States."

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

In the draft resolution, after paragraph 14.7, insert the following paragraph:

"reaffirms the legal obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights and the 1951 Refugee Convention and calls on member States to uphold the principle of non-refoulement, the right to asylum, and to humane treatment, even under increased migratory pressure."

15As concerns efforts to reach a political solution in Gaza, the Assembly:
15.1repeats its urgent appeal for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages still held in Gaza;
15.2calls for an immediate and permanent ceasefire in Gaza to stop the relentless loss of civilian life, end the widespread destruction of homes and infrastructure and enable urgent humanitarian relief to reach all those in need without delay or obstruction;
15.3urges all parties to engage constructively with mediation efforts aimed at reaching a comprehensive ceasefire and the release of all hostages;
15.4affirms that sustainable peace and stability in Gaza cannot be achieved while Hamas and other groups designated as terrorist organisations maintain any governing or operational role.
16As regards the catastrophic humanitarian situation in Gaza, the Assembly
16.1recalls that international humanitarian law comprises a set of universal and binding rules to protect persons and civilian objects, and restricts the permissible means and methods of warfare;
16.2calls for Israel’s strict compliance with its obligations under international humanitarian law and human rights law and underscores the importance of holding accountable all those responsible for violations;
16.3strongly condemns any use of starvation of a civilian population as a method of warfare and the unlawful denial of humanitarian access, which constitute crimes under international law;

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 68 in favor 57 against 5 abstentions

In the draft resolution, paragraph 16.3, after the words "as a method of warfare", insert the following words:

", the weaponisation of humanitarian aid"

16.4resolutely affirms that there must be no unlawful transfer or forcible displacement of Palestinians from Gaza, nor any attempt to alter the territory of the Gaza Strip, including through reduction or annexation;
16.5stresses the obligation not to deprive civilians in Gaza of goods indispensable to their survival, including by wilfully impeding relief supplies and humanitarian access;
16.6calls on Israel to take all necessary and effective measures to ensure, without delay, in full co-operation with the United Nations, the unhindered and widespread provision by all stakeholders concerned of urgently needed basic services and humanitarian assistance, including food, water, electricity, fuel, shelter, clothing and hygiene and sanitation requirements, as well as medical supplies and medical care, to Palestinians throughout Gaza, including by increasing the capacity and number of land crossing points and keeping them open for as long as necessary;

25 June 2025

Tabled by Ms Zeynep YILDIZ, Ms Bisera KOSTADINOVSKA-STOJCHEVSKA, Mr Abdurrahman BABACAN, Mr Mustafa CANBEY, Ms Meryem GÖKA

In the draft resolution, at the end of paragraph 16.6, insert the following words:

"and condemns any deliberate obstruction of these efforts."

Explanatory note

A strong statement should be made not only regarding the urgent need for basic services and humanitarian assistance, but also regarding the deliberate obstacles to providing them.

16.7calls for a full, independent and transparent investigation into fatal attacks near food distribution sites.

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 113 in favor 11 against 6 abstentions

In the draft resolution, after paragraph 16.7, insert the following paragraph:

"calls for immediate and full access for international journalists and independent media outlets reporting on Gaza, which will improve independent and objective reporting".

17As regards the role of Council of Europe member and observer States, the Assembly calls on them to:
17.1respect and uphold their obligations under international law, including by supporting the work of United Nations organs and agencies and the work of the International Court of Justice, and by ensuring respect for the rules laid down in the Geneva Conventions in all circumstances;
17.2refrain from obstructing the work of the International Criminal Court, and for those States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, co-operate fully with it;
17.3continue to support humanitarian funding and the provision of humanitarian assistance to the people of Gaza;

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

In the draft resolution, paragraph 17.3, after the words "continue to support", insert the following words:

"sufficient and adequate"

17.4facilitate medical evacuations, including the provision of treatment and transportation, with particular attention to children and their families, as well as to pregnant women and their families;
17.5lend their full diplomatic support for a two-State solution and for creating the preconditions for a durable and sustainable peace in the Middle East built on trust, justice and reconciliation.

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 67 in favor 57 against 4 abstentions

In the draft resolution, after paragraph 17.5, insert the following paragraph:

"use all possible means within their power, including economic and political leverage, to restore international law and discuss the progress in the Committee of Ministers."

18In reaffirming its commitment to a just and comprehensive peace based on the two-State solution, the Assembly:

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

Votes: 62 in favor 63 against 3 abstentions

In the draft resolution, after paragraph 18, insert the following paragraph:

"The Assembly supports the European Union’s ongoing review of the EU-Israel Association Agreement to assess Israel's compliance with human rights and democratic principles in the context of indications that Israel would be in breach of its human rights obligations under Article 2 of that Agreement."

25 June 2025

Tabled by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons

In the draft resolution, after paragraph 18, insert the following paragraph:

"Convinced that the young people and children of Israel and Palestine deserve a better future, the Assembly will remain committed to offering a platform for dialogue with the aim of rebuilding trust and devising a possible peaceful future."

18.1renews with urgency its call to parties to refrain from any unilateral measures that undermine the prospects for the peace process;
18.2calls for the urgent and resolute engagement of the Israeli authorities to prevent settler violence and refrain from the building of new settlements and the expansion of old ones, home demolitions, forced evictions and confiscation of land in the occupied territories;
18.3underlines that the Palestinian Authority is an essential interlocutor in peace negotiations;
18.4supports international efforts to prepare the political horizon for a two-State solution, including the Global Alliance for the Implementation of the Two-State Solution established by Norway, the European Union and Saudi Arabia at the United Nations General Assembly in 2024.