Appendix
1. There is a considerable latent demand by women for means to control and limit their fertility ; one of the major obstacles is the lack of access to modern methods of contraception.
2. The major problem in the long run in the less developed countries is to create conditions which will result in a fall in fertility to a level close to that required to ensure the replacement of their populations.
3. Any policy designed to reduce the birth-rates in the less developed countries must in the first place create public attitudes and conditions of life in which individuals perceive it to be to their own advantage to reduce the number of children. They should also be persuaded that a decrease in infant mortality rates is tied to public health improvements which can ensure that most of their children will survive. Secondly, information about methods by which they can limit the size of their family and means which enable them to implement fertility reduction must be available to them. Neither of these two aspects can be tackled in isolation from the other.
4. Opposition to birth-control is weakening, as the governments of the less developed countries increasingly realise that rapid population growth constitutes an important obstacle to their further economic and social development. At the same time, it must be recognised that there remain some methods of birth-control which are not acceptable to people of certain religious persuasions.
5. The creation of a public opinion, with particular emphasis on education, and of conditions of life which will favour the use of family planning methods must be part of a general policy for economic and social development.
6. The most important aspect of development policy is to raise the standard of living of the less developed countries, and to create employment opportunities for their populations.
7. The adoption of such policies implies that there must be a reduction in the inequality between conditions in more developed and less developed countries.
8. Governments and parliaments in the more developed countries have a duty to make it clear to their electorates that a reduction in international inequality will lead to benefits in the long run, and that failure to implement reductions in population growth may well result in increasing social and international tensions.
9. In development programmes, some aid should be earmarked for population assistance. This is not synonymous with assistance for family planning, even though family planning must be part of any successful programme for population control. Further assistance to research into factors which determine fertility and population growth should also be encouraged. The training and equipment of medical and para-medical personnel to undertake preventive and curative programmes, propaganda to encourage delayed marriage, and research aimed to improve both the technical quality of contraceptives and their acceptability, all come under this heading.
