I wish you all a very good morning.
The sitting is open.
I remind members that, in order to be registered for the sitting, you should insert your badge when you take your seat, and keep it inserted for at least 30 seconds.
You should also insert your badge in order to speak or vote. To request the floor, please press the "request" button. But please just press it once.
I also remind the Assembly that Members who have not submitted an annual declaration of interest are required to start any intervention which with an oral declaration of interest under paragraph 20 of the Code of Conduct for Members of the Parliamentary Assembly.
The next item of business this morning is the debate under urgent procedure on "Threats against the international order: the case of Greenland", Document 16334, presented by Mr Bertrand BOUYX and on behalf of the Committee on Political affairs and Democracy.
In order to finish by 11:40 a.m., I will interrupt the list of speakers at about 11:20 a.m. to allow time for the reply and to vote.
I will call Mr Bertrand BOUYX, rapporteur, who has 7 minutes now and 3 minutes at the end of the debate to respond.
Please. Mr BOUYX, the floor is yours.
Thank you, Madame President.
Ladies and gentlemen,
There are times when the facts are so simple that they are hard to remember. And yet, here we are. So, let's say it once and clearly, Greenland belongs to Greenlanders, for sure.
It is a democratic society, with institutions, an identity and a fundamental right to decide its own future. Its sovereignty, territorial integrity and future are not a matter for speculation, negotiation or outside pressure. They are a matter exclusively for the people of Greenland in conjunction with the Kingdom of Denmark, in accordance with the law and existing constitutional frameworks.
If we have to reaffirm these obvious facts today in this House, it is not out of a theoretical reflex. It is because explicit threats have been made by the United States of America against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a member state of the Council of Europe, the Kingdom of Denmark. And these threats are not just words. They represent a profound challenge to the rules we thought we had established. What is at stake here is our collective responsibility towards the rules-based international order and the place we give to the sovereignty of States in the face of power struggles, strategic interests and transactional logic.
And it is precisely for this reason that this Assembly can neither look the other way nor remain silent. These developments are not isolated. They are part of a broader context in which the international order based on rules, multilateralism and respect for the sovereignty of States is being called into question. This order is not a legal abstraction. It is based on trust, restraint, predictability and the voluntary acceptance of common frameworks by states. Today, however, this balance is being put to the test by a profound change in international practices, where constraint and the balance of power are tending to take precedence over respect for common rules, and where there is a risk that sovereignty will be treated as an instrument rather than a principle.
We know that this trend is not new. It reached a decisive turning point with the war of aggression waged by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. This war was a profound rupture, a stark reminder that the rules-based international order can never be taken for granted, and a demonstration of the need to defend our values and protect fundamental principles.
Against this backdrop, it is important to remember that the transatlantic relationship remains profound, essential and irreplaceable. It is a pillar of European security, economic prosperity and political co-operation. We have every interest in preserving it, strengthening it and keeping it alive.
But an alliance, however strong, can only be sustainable if it is based on mutual respect, predictability and a shared commitment to the rules and principles that we have freely established together. Partnerships and alliances are not built against territorial sovereignty and integrity; they are built with them, with trust.
That is why this resolution recognises and welcomes the firm and united response of the European states in support of Denmark and Greenland. This response is essential. It demonstrates that these principles are non-negotiable, including, and perhaps above all, between long-standing partners and allies.
The text I am presenting to you today aims precisely to reaffirm these fundamental principles. It also highlights broader issues that concern us all. Democratic security, resilience in the face of hybrid threats, disinformation and external pressure, particularly in the Arctic region, which has become an area of heightened strategic competition.
Finally, this resolution reaffirms the essential role of the Council of Europe - a role that is not only that of a guardian of the principles of democracy, human rights and the rule of law, but also that of a central player in the defence of an international order based on rules, trust and co-operation, and not on coercion.
As the Secretary General of the Council of Europe pointed out, in a world where values are in short supply, our task is to ensure that democracy can still protect, decide and act.
Thank you very much.
Thank you very much.
With this we come to the round of speakers on behalf of the political groups.
I first call on Mr George LOUCAIDES on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left.
Cyprus, UEL, Spokesperson for the group
10:20:53
Thank you very much, Madam President.
Dear colleagues,
Let me start by expressing our group's full solidarity with the people of Greenland and with Denmark, a member state of this organisation, whose sovereignty and territorial integrity have been openly challenged.
These threats against the rules-based international order must be understood within a broader political context. The United States of America has a long and well-documented record of imperial interventions, regime change operations and violations of international law.
What marks this phase as particularly dangerous is the abandonment of any attempt to justify such actions, legally or morally, and the extension of this coercive logic even towards its allies and partners. As Henry KISSINGER once cynically observed, "it may be dangerous to be America's enemy, but to be America's friend is fatal". Today, this warning resonates with renewed force. Greenland stands as a stark example of this reality. Our response must therefore be unambiguous. Greenland is not a strategic asset to be acquired, negotiated or traded.
In accordance with international law and the charter of the United Nations, only the people of Greenland have the right to decide freely on their political future, without external pressure or interference. Any deviation from this principle undermines international legality and democratic legitimacy.
At the same time, the very recent violent abduction of the Venezuelan President Nicolás MADURO through direct military action constitutes a grave violation of international law and the prohibition of the use of force. Simultaneously, the pressure exerted on Mexico, an observer state in this Assembly, and on other countries in the region, illustrates a renewed assertion of domination based on the law of the mighty.
Europe now faces a fundamental choice. History has shown that ambiguity, silence and appeasement in the face of coercive power do not preserve peace. They normalise aggression. That is why we must never allow the law of the strongest to replace the rule of law, nor accept the dismantling of a century of international legal principles.
Dear colleagues, the credibility of this Assembly once more depends on clarity and consistency. Sovereignty, territorial integrity and self-determination are not negotiable, regardless of who violates them and which state suffers as a victim. As a group, we will withdraw our amendments. We did so already in the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy, because what is important in our debate is for all of us to express our full solidarity to the people of Denmark and Greenland.
Thank you, dear colleagues.
Thank you very much, Mr George LOUCAIDES.
Now, on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, Mr Mogens JENSEN.
Madam President,
Dear colleagues,
In the world-famous book about the supergirl Pippi Longstocking, written by the Swedish author Astrid LINDGREN, Pippi says, "If you are strong, you have to be very kind".
These are words that should be firmly rooted in all political leaders around the world, and not least in the world's most powerful man.
Unfortunately, Greenland has not received much kindness from the strongest; on the contrary.
I would like to thank our rapporteur, Mr Bertrand BOUYX, and the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy for a strong and clear report that provides firm support to Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark in a very difficult situation.
We all know that this is not only a case of Greenland and Denmark. It concerns the most fundamental universal principle of international law and the territorial integrity of nation states. It concerns us all.
That is why the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group stands firmly behind Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark, and behind a rules-based international order with respect for human rights, democracy and for people's right to self-determination.
We will, of course, proudly and resolutely vote in favour of the resolution.
Furthermore, I would like, on behalf of the Danish delegation, to thank you all for the broad and solid support that has come from all of you here in the Parliamentary Assembly and also from the Secretary General.
It means everything to the people of Greenland and to our realm community.
We have no doubts that it is a strong and united Europe that has ensured the recent de-escalation of the situation. This bears witness to how important our European community is and to what we can achieve together. But still, this is not yet over.
The only way forward is to continue strengthening Europe and the European unity and co-operation: that is the way forward.
I would like to thank Mr George LOUCAIDES and the Group of the Unified European Left for contributing so that we have a totally united resolution today and an Assembly that means a lot.
Once again, I would like to thank you so much all for your strong solidarity and commitment. If you are strong, you also must be very kind.
Thank you.
[Applause]
Thank you, Mr Mogens JENSEN.
Also as a speaker on behalf of Denmark, of course.
And the next on my list is now on behalf of the European People's Party, Mr Christophe BRICO.
Monaco, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group
10:27:35
Thank you, Madam President.
I, too, would like to express my support and that of the Group of the European People's Party for Denmark and Greenland, as I hope we all will.
As the report mentions, the transatlantic relationship for all our countries is an important one. A relationship that is built on decades in which we saw ourselves as the free world for most of us. And the actions of one administration say nothing about our relationship with the United States in general. Only time will tell.
In this respect, and taking up the words of Mr Mogens JENSEN, when you are strong, you must be benevolent, I'll translate it that way. I would also say that we, the continent of Europe, can be stronger than we are in this relationship. We have the means to do so. It is up to us to rebalance this relationship which, I repeat, is important. In this case, we have the means, and some of our States have demonstrated this, to rebalance the relationship, to say that our voice counts.
In this Assembly, we defend the idea that it is better to have a world based on the rule of law than on the rule of the strongest. I believe that this voice can be heard throughout our continent, but also in our relations with others.
I would like to thank Mr Bertrand BOUYX for having made this report possible, enabling us to have this debate today in a world that is moving very, very fast, and I hope that the whole Assembly will support it.
Thank you very much.
Thank you very much.
And now we hear Mr Markus WIECHEL, on behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates.
Sweden, ECPA, Spokesperson for the group
10:29:47
Dear colleagues,
I stand here today not only as spokesman for my political group and a member of this Assembly, dedicated to safeguarding democracy, human rights, and the rule of law. I also stand here as a European, and as a Swede, part of the Nordic family, which naturally includes our brothers and sisters in Greenland.
I commend my good Danish colleague from the Socialist Group, who recently addressed this matter.
The bizarre situation concerning Greenland touches me personally: I consider the United States my second home, having partly grown up there. Why would a close friend of Europe, of our ideals and values, suddenly threaten us in this way? I’m sorry, dear colleagues, but I simply don’t understand this.
Friends, I speak on behalf of unity, respect, and shared strength, on the basis of truth and the facts before us. Picture a breathtaking landscape of towering icebergs, deep fjords, and a people who have called the Arctic home for generations.
This is Greenland, not a territory to seize, but the cherished homeland of 57,000 resilient inhabitants.
Let us turn to the facts.
At the heart of this matter is the 1951 Defense Agreement between the United States and Denmark, signed on 27 April in Copenhagen. Born from Cold War challenges, it grants essential military access in Greenland for our collective security, fully aligned with NATO. The pact was updated in 2004. The base at Pituffik is a cornerstone: it provides missile early warning, space surveillance, and deterrence against threats from actors like Russia and China. American forces operate freely to protect Greenland and the North Atlantic, while Greenland’s autonomy remains fully intact. Why jeopardise this balanced arrangement? Any move toward occupation would violate core UN principles and fracture NATO unity.
Recall how Denmark invoked Article 5 after 9/11 and stood shoulder to shoulder with the United States. The people of Greenland deserve to shape their own future, free from coercion. The 1951 agreement has delivered security through dialogue and mutual benefit: joint investments in infrastructure, research, and sustainable progress.
Friends, let us reject outdated expansionist ideas and reaffirm our shared commitment to solidarity. Greenland thrives in freedom; we all gain strength through true alliances, not acquisition.
Every political group in this Assembly has endorsed the Danish delegation’s statement in support of Greenland. That unity makes it a powerful message indeed.
We stand firmly behind our fundamental values and firmly behind the people of Greenland.
And the last speaker, on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Mr Iulian BULAI.
Please.
Thank you, Madam President.
Greenland is Denmark. Greenland is Europe. This is the clear choice of the people of Greenland.
I salute the fact that we're holding this debate today. It is a sign of solidarity, but also a sign of recognition that we national parliamentarians take the situation seriously. We take security in the North Sea seriously. We take co-operation with allies seriously. And we take the state of the world order very seriously.
I salute the declaration prepared by our Danish delegation led by Mr Mogens JENSEN. I salute the solidarity of those who signed it. My group signed it. I welcome the report prepared by you, dear Mr Bertrand BOUYX. Thank you for doing this important work. Thank you for doing it with a cool head and for sticking to the values of multilateralism and international system based on rules, predictability and co-operation rather than crude power.
Unpredictability is much more costly, risky and dangerous in the long term than a well-functioning multilateral system. We subscribe to the calls of the rapporteur who underlines that international relations grounded in trust and respect for agreed rules are the foundation of stability, collective security and prosperity, and that the use of economic, political and security dependencies as instruments of coercion risks eroding trust and destabilising the international order.
Our rapporteur also calls for constructive engagement between partners and allies to address shared challenges and to uphold the principles that underpin enduring international co-operation, including the continued support of Ukraine in defence of its sovereignty and territorial integrity.
The situation is evolving and new elements emerge every day. We read about it every day. We regret all the misinformation and inaccurate information that is being circulated on the status quo. Let us be vigilant and attentive to undue interference and manipulation on this topic.
Dear colleagues, we take the situation very seriously. But let's turn the turbulent period into an opportunity. Opportunity to be more united. United on the basis of our values. Let's stop embellishing reality in order to it be credible. Let's increase co-operation and in this environment, let's abandon illusion, but not our souls and, Mr Mogens JENSEN, you put it so beautifully, "If you are strong, you must be very kind".
Thank you.
Thank you very much, Mr Iulian BULAI.
We now come to the list of speakers and the first on my list...
I also want to remind you we have 3 minutes. And the microphone will be cut off after these 3 minutes.
The first one is Ms Mette REISSMANN.
Thank you, Madam President,
Ladies and gentlemen,
Dear colleagues,
I stand here today as a member of the Danish delegation with deep gratitude to you, our European friends. I want to thank you for your clear, principled and unwavering support during a very difficult time for the people of Greenland and for the Kingdom of Denmark. Your support truly matters and warms our hearts.
When the sovereignty of Greenland was called into question, when words were spoken that suggested a people and a land could be claimed, taken or traded, your response mattered more than you may ever fully know. You did not hesitate. You did not look away. You did not remain silent. Instead, you stood up for Greenland, for Denmark, and for the principles that define Europe at its best. I want to thank you for this support.
Let me be clear. The Kingdom of Denmark rejects any form of threat or rhetoric or foreign takeover.
Greenland is not an object. Greenland is not for sale. Greenland is not a strategic asset to be claimed.
Greenland is a people, a land and a democracy and an integral part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is home to a people with their own language, culture, history and democratic voice.
Greenland belongs to the people. It is for Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark – and them only – to decide on matters concerning Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark.
We have always valued the partnerships with our close allies. We have always been ready to work closely in all areas. We still are. But respect between partners and friends must be the foundation.
Security in the Arctic must be achieved collectively by upholding the principles of the UN Charter, including sovereignty, territorial integrity and the inviolability of borders.
These are universal principles that we must not hesitate to preserve and defend.
In a world where power too often tries to outweigh principles, it is more important than ever to stand united in the commitment to peace, security, democracy and the respect of a rules-based world order.
Sovereignty cannot be imposed. Borders cannot be redrawn by rhetoric or threats.
That is why the Council of Europe exists. That is what democracy sounds like when it speaks with courage.
Thank you for reminding us that Europe is not just a continent, it is a community of values.
We will remember the solidarity.
Thank you.
[Applause]
Thank you very much.
Next is Mr Ricardo CARVALHO.
Thank you Madam Chair,
Dear Colleagues,
What we are discussing today is not only Greenland. It is something far more fundamental: the defence of the rules-based international order, respect for state sovereignty, and the clear rejection of any logic based on force or territorial transaction.
Portugal’s position, shared by the Government and by the Social Democratic Party, is unequivocal. Sovereignty and territorial integrity are not negotiable. Not under political pressure, not for strategic interest, and not even among allies.
Greenland is an integral part of the Kingdom of Denmark, with a broad status of autonomy, fully recognised under international law. Any decision regarding its future belongs exclusively to the people of Greenland and the people of Denmark, in full respect of their constitutional and legal frameworks. Anything else is unacceptable.
Recent history has shown us, in the most tragic way, where the relativisation of these principles leads. Russia’s aggression against Ukraine is the clearest example that yielding to the politics of force or faits accomplis undermines collective security.
The transatlantic relationship is essential for Europe and also for Portugal. But it can only remain strong if it is based on trust, predictability and respect for commonly agreed rules. Alliances are not built through threats.
Portugal will continue to stand for multilateralism, for the role of international organisations, for security in the Arctic, and for democratic resilience against hybrid threats and disinformation.
Because defending international law today is how we guarantee peace, stability and freedom tomorrow.
Thank you very much.
Thank you.
Mr Patrick CASEY is next.
Colleagues, [off mic]
The tensions emerging around Greenland are not an isolated development; they are part of a long historical pattern in which powerful states test the boundaries of international law. Recent suggestions concerning the acquisition or transfer of Greenland remind us that even today, sovereignty cannot be casually challenged in ways that undermine the foundations of the international order.
Ireland is acutely sensitive to these dynamics. Our own history is shaped by struggles against external control and by the long pursuit of the right to self‑determination. The principle that the people alone decide their future is not theoretical for us, it is a lesson earned through centuries of controversy, from the plantations to the struggle for independence, to the careful negotiations of our modern constitutional arrangements.
It is precisely why Ireland consistently upholds international law. Because small nations rely on rules, not force or power, to ensure their security and equality, and to guarantee that every country, regardless of size, is treated with fairness and respect.
Europe has seen this pattern before. In the 20th century, from the Sudetenland to the Baltic states, we learned what happens when the world accepts the idea that land can be taken, traded, or forced away from people without their agreement. Russia’s recent attack on Ukraine is another reminder that Europe’s borders are not automatically safe.
Ireland’s support for Denmark and the people of Greenland fits naturally with our long tradition of backing international cooperation. Ireland has consistently stood for resolving disagreements through dialogue, the rule of law, and democratic consent, not through intimidation.
Ireland stands firmly for these principles. We stand with Denmark and with Greenland. And we stand for the international order that protects all nations, large and small, equally.
Thank you.
I very much apologise. I skipped Mr Vladimir ĐORĐEVIĆ.
You have the floor now.
Thank you, Madame President,
Today we hear a lot of talk about sovereignty. Denmark. Greenland. Europe.
Serbia supports sovereignty. Always. For every country. No exceptions.
But there is a hard truth we need to face. Many countries that today defend Denmark’s sovereignty, including Denmark itself, were among the first to recognise the unilateral independence of Kosovo. By doing that, they broke the sovereignty of Serbia, a United Nations member state.
What Denmark is facing today is not new. It is the same message Serbia heard years ago: when you are weak, your sovereignty does not matter.
Denmark did this to Serbia.
Now the same logic is being used against Denmark, by a stronger power. When Russia attacked Ukraine, President Vladimir PUTIN pointed to Kosovo and said: you opened this door. But international law does not work that way. There are no precedents. There is one rule. Either sovereignty applies to everyone, or it applies to no one.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation was stronger than Serbia, and broke its sovereignty. Russia is stronger than Ukraine, unfortunately, and breaks its sovereignty.
The United States is stronger than Denmark, and today Greenland is discussed in the language of power, not law. This is not a world of rules. This is a world of force.
If Europe wants credibility, it must defend sovereignty everywhere, in Denmark, in Ukraine, and in Serbia.
And if you truly believe in sovereignty, then restore Serbia’s sovereignty. Withdraw recognition of Kosovo.
Because law is either for everyone, or it means nothing.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
And we now come to Ms Aysu BANKOĞLU.
Thank you, Madam President,
Dear colleagues,
The situation concerning Greenland is not a peripheral dispute nor a theoretical exercise in geopolitics. It is a clear and concrete test of the resilience of the international order and of our collective commitment to international law.
Under positive international law, the United States has no title to any legitimate claim of sovereignty over Greenland. This is not a matter of political interpretation, but of settled law. As the draft resolution stresses, Greenland is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. Denmark’s sovereignty over Greenland is firmly established and internationally recognised. Any suggestion to the contrary, challenges not only Denmark’s territorial integrity; but the very foundations of the rules-based international order.
International law is clear. Any “use of force” or even the “threat of the use of force” with the aim of obtaining factual control over Greenland would constitute a clear violation of one of the most fundamental principles of international law: “the prohibition of the use or threat of force.” This prohibition is a peremptory norm of international law, enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations.
And no legitimate right can arise from such actions. Every state in the world is legally bound not to recognise as lawful, any acquisition of territory obtained through the use or threat of force. This obligation of non-recognition is essential to preserving international stability and preventing the normalisation of coercion.
The relevance of this principle extends far beyond Greenland. Today, the rules-based international order is under severe strain. The war of aggression against Ukraine, the prolonged conflict in Gaza, and repeated deadlock within multilateral institutions have weakened trust between states. In this context, even rhetorical or hypothetical threats to sovereignty are dangerous: they erode norms, legitimise coercion, and risk reviving the idea that might can serve as a source of right.
So, dear colleagues,
Greenland’s growing strategic importance in the Arctic cannot justify such a shift. Security concerns, economic interests, and geopolitical competition must be addressed through dialogue, multilateral co-operation, and respect for international law. Not through intimidation.
Thank you.
And Madam President, I would like to congratulate you. It’s remarkable to see you here. We worked side-by-side in meetings and fought for shared values. I’m sure you expertise in human rights and the gender equality will lead you through an outstanding presidency.
Thank you.
Thank you very much also for these kind personal words.
Now we go to Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS.
Dear colleagues,
I would also like to address my words to Mrs Petra BAYR and say that I am very happy that you are now the President because you have dedicated your whole life to human rights.
In my view, all the conventions of the Council of Europe also apply to Greenland. Greenland is under our patronage and, above all, what we have achieved in the last 80 years, 75 years I believe, and therefore we must stand by the side of our fellow member, Greenland.
I am very glad that the Royal Family of Denmark is visiting Lithuania today, because we remember very well, Ms Mette REISSMANN, Mr Frank J. JENSSEN, that in times of Soviet oppression, Communist oppression, Denmark was on our side, together with Iceland. They recognised us and demanded that the Baltic States should no longer be occupied by the Soviet Union.
Today we must emphasise that we are all part of this resolution and on their side, dear Danish colleagues, also on the side of the Americans. But most Americans have said no. Most Americans are against this aggressive wording, if you see the latest posts in the United States. And we don't have to produce a gift for the Kremlin and China here to jeopardise our transatlantic alliance.
We need to be stronger militarily in Europe. Lithuania has declared that it wants to invest 5.5% in defence. We must all be ready for war against the aggressor.
In this case, the aggressor from the East is against Ukraine and against us. And then we have to understand that the US military accounts for 80% of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) troops. I mean that we are all in favour of Denmark, all in favour of Greenland. But we have to make an effort not to question the transatlantic alliance.
I would also like to say that we must do everything we can today to support this resolution, this fantastic resolution.
Thank you.
'Thank you very much' [in German].
Next is Mr Armen GEVORGYAN.
Thank you.
Dear colleagues,
Over the past year, many moral, legal, and political constraints have been lifted, making the language of mega-strategies and the logic of "backyard" policies obvious. For many countries that cannot afford mega-strategies, the primary challenge is the preservation of state sovereignty and national independence.
The importance of norms and rules, emphasised in the resolution, and their open disregard by states that are not members of our organisation, make it necessary to reassess the adequacy of our geopolitical positioning. This could be based on the following approaches.
First, we must act without excessive romanticism and with the utmost pragmatism.
Second, we must recognise that major actors increasingly demand "loyalty" and "zones," rather than equal partnership.
Third, we will survive only if we develop internal resilience and the ability to transform geography from a risk into a resource. This requires internal harmony of development and social cohesion.
Fourth, national security cannot be built on the expectation that "international law will protect us." Law should be used as an additional instrument, but deterrence and resilience must be built within the country, without destroying existing opportunities.
And lastly, fifth, this organisation must contribute to Armenia’s internal resilience, honestly pointing out the risks of democratic backsliding, institutional erosion, and failures of the rule of law.
Thank you very much.
Thank you.
I now call Mr Sigurður Helgi PÁLMASON.
Madam President,
It seems the headlines have moved on, and the focus on Greenland has passed. But for many people, citizens, partners and allies, the questions it raised have not.
Because when sovereignty is openly questioned, something deeper is unsettled. People are left uneasy. They begin to wonder whether the rules they have relied on will still hold tomorrow. Whether commitments once thought unshakable are still secure.
History teaches us that uncertainty is never neutral. It creates fear. And fear, if left unanswered, weakens trust between nations and within societies.
What was at stake in Greenland was never just territory. It was the principle that borders are not negotiable, that people are not objects of strategic convenience, and that the future of a democratic society belongs to its people alone.
For more than seven decades, the international order has rested on that understanding. It replaced power politics with partnership, coercion with co-operation, and fear with predictability. When those principles are challenged, the responsibility falls to us to reaffirm them clearly and calmly.
If we meet moments like this with unity, respect for law, and confidence in democratic choice, then doubt will fade, trust will return, and the order we have built will remain strong.
And that is how free nations keep the peace.
Thank you.
Thank you.
And now I call Ms Andrea EDER-GITSCHTHALER.
Madam President, ladies and gentlemen.
Since 2025, during President TRUMP's second term in office, the USA has repeatedly attempted to annex Greenland, an autonomous territory of Denmark, which is itself a member of the EU. And that, ladies and gentlemen, is actually unbelievable in the 21st century. It's like in distant colonial times. The powerful take what they want. And thank God the Greenlandic and Danish prime ministers immediately and consistently rejected any kind of intervention. The inhabitants of Greenland have also defended their sovereignty and will continue to do so, and have actively spoken out. People all over the world, as they say, are fighting back and resisting these threats. There have been mass protests and even Americans are not very positive about this. Only 8% of Americans are in favour of this invasion, while 73% are against it, thank God.
And now negotiations are underway. So we read, so we hear, whatever that means. I read that there has already been a meeting between the Danes, Greenland and the USA in Washington. But, ladies and gentlemen, we must remain vigilant, because Greenland and Denmark have declared that there is of course no agreement yet. And they have in turn ruled out any agreement that will change the sovereignty of Greenland and Denmark.
This also brings us to us, to Europe. Europe and the EU have thankfully acted unitedly, jointly and confidently and backed Greenland and Denmark. And we are doing the same here in the Council of Europe. Thank you, Madam President, for your clear words. Of course, my Federal Government has also declared its solidarity and has emphasised this several times. So we Austrians stand behind the sovereignty of Greenland.
And our Secretary-General has already stated that he sees Mr TRUMP's initiative as a return to Cold War logic, spheres of influence instead of self-determination, strategic deterrence instead of democratic decision-making. And that, ladies and gentlemen, is something we cannot allow. We must respect international law and not revert to these colonial times. It is now about our world order, our values, our fundamental rights and the defence of democracy in times like these, more important than ever. Because without democracy there can be no stable constitutional state and therefore no respect for human rights. And that is why I am very pleased with the report and the clear commitment to joint support for Greenland and Denmark.
Thank you very much.
Thank you.
And now over to Mr Benoît LUTGEN.
Dear Madam President,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
The law of the strongest can never prevail over the rights of the weakest. Never. Perhaps, and I do mean perhaps stronger, our liberators of the day before yesterday, for whom I have eternal gratitude, reliable partners until recently, cannot behave like enemies by attacking the territorial integrity of one another.
Ladies and gentlemen, I am a fervent defender of transatlantic relations, on the absolute condition that these relations take place within the only possible framework of peace and security, that of international law, that of respect. President Donald TRUMP's threats, blackmail and other intimidation of us are absolutely intolerable. These insults to Europe are just as unbearable.
Our support for the people of Greenland must be absolute and unwavering. I welcome the fact that Europe has finally – and I mean finally – reacted strongly enough. European unity is essential in the face of these repeated abuses. No, Greenland is not for sale or for conquest. The vast majority of Americans do not want to buy it or invade it, and that's a good thing. This is a fine reaction on the part of our American friends, which has perhaps helped to put the brakes on these muscular excesses. Our support for the Kingdom of Denmark and the people of Greenland must be absolute and unwavering. Many thanks to our colleague Mr Bertrand BOUYX for the quality of his work.
Ladies and gentlemen, no blackmail, no intimidation, no threats, no muscular demonstrations. The best response, dear colleagues, is to express our strength calmly, with the necessary firmness and in total and absolute unity. Our strength lies in being on the side of international law. And believe it or not, ladies and gentlemen, international law will outlive Mr Donald TRUMP.
Thank you very much.
Thank you.
And now we will listen to Ms Birutė VĖSAITĖ
Thank you, Madam Chair.
This debate is about a principle, not only a territory. It concerns the rules-based international order, the very order that protects all states, and especially smaller ones, from coercion.
Greenland is an integral part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and Lithuania stands in full solidarity with Denmark and the people of Greenland. Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity is a fundamental norm of European stability, one that this Assembly has defended consistently over decades. Any decisions concerning Denmark and Greenland belong exclusively to them. Greenland’s own message is clear: "Nothing about us without us."
Donald TRUMP’s phenomenon is a good example of radical and populist forces that are rising in Europe. Now Russia is rubbing its hands over Donald TRUMP's ultimatums, because it distracts the world’s attention from its invasion of Ukraine. Threats of tariffs and other coercive economic measures are deeply regrettable. The Council of Europe has consistently warned against economic pressure being used as a political weapon, particularly when it risks weakening trust among democratic allies.
Europeans respond in unity in co-ordinated manner, ensuring that European sovereignty and international law are respected. We will not allow ourselves to be blackmailed. Unfortunately, too little is being done and too late.
Defending Denmark’s and Greenland’s sovereignty is not only about one country or one region. It is about defending the international order, and the values of the Council of Europe itself, the same order and values we rely on to deter aggression, protect democracy and preserve peace.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
And now over to Mr Garret AHEARN. Mr Garret AHEARN does not seem to be in the room.
So then we go over to Ms Lise SELNES.
President, colleagues,
The world order is shifting before our eyes. Since we met here in October, the threat to the rules-based order, to the rule of law, has become more evident. Growing up in the optimism of the 1990s, looking across the Atlantic to a partner and ally for inspiration and support, the past few weeks have been deeply disturbing.
Threats against another sovereign state’s territory is simply not acceptable. For an ally to threaten another ally and close partner is utterly shocking. The support from Norway, across the political spectrum, has been strong. The threats against Denmark and Greenland have been clearly condemned. Greenland is an integral part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Norway supports the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Denmark.
Thank you to our rapporteur for a very good draft resolution. Paragraph 14.2 carries the essence of what we must stand up for and unite in. "International relations grounded in trust and respect for agreed rules are the foundation of stability, collective security, and prosperity."
As Mr Mogens JENSEN so aptly recalled: if you are very strong, you must also be very kind.
I offer this as a warm greeting to the Danish delegation and as a reminder that allies are not assets and homes are not for sale.
President,
As the world is in rapid change, parliamentary diplomacy is more important than ever. I therefore commend this timely debate and the joint statement from delegations and party groups here in our assembly stating the obvious. Matters concerning Denmark and Greenland are for Denmark and Greenland to decide alone.
Thank you.
Thank you. And now I call on Mr Bergþór ÓLASON.
Madam President, today Greenland represents one of the most strategically important territories in the world.
Its geography, the geographical position between North America and Europe makes it a central pillar in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) defence structure, satellite monitoring and early warning systems. This is not a matter of opinion, but a long-standing strategic reality that has shaped Western defence policy for decades.
The United States has maintained a military presence in Greenland since the Second World War, with the consent of Denmark and in accordance with the international agreements. This is neither new nor controversial. It is a core element of the collective defence architecture of the Western alliance, not an expression of unilateral dominance.
As Sigmundur Davíð GUNNLAUGSON, former Prime Minister of Iceland, rightly argued some time ago, the idea that the United States would invade Greenland is a political fiction. For that reason we should all try to stay calm.
The United States does not require an invasion. It is already present legally through alliance structures and long-standing arrangements. Therefore, a military takeover would serve no strategic purpose and would only undermine the very alliances that secure Western interests in the region. The real issue is whether the West maintains a credible and sufficient presence in the Arctic at a time when Russia and China are steadily expanding their strategic footprint in the area.
In this context, recent political developments, particularly actions and statements by the US President, have had a very real effect. They have placed Greenland firmly at the centre of global strategic attention and elevated its international position. Greenland today is no longer a silent northern outskirt, but a key actor in great power geopolitics.
Most importantly, a fundamental shift has occurred. For the first time in history, it is now universally understood that no major decision regarding Greenland can be taken without the explicit will of the Greenlandic people themselves. Neither Denmark, the United States States nor NATO can any longer operate on the assumption of passive consent.
Greenland has become a genuine political stakeholder in its own future. From a defence perspective, the conclusion is clear. Security in the Arctic is built on co-operation, stability and credible deterrence, not on territorial ambitions or symbolic gestures.
Greenland is already an important part of the Western security system, with the participation and consent of its people. And that position is today stronger, clearer and more strategically grounded than ever before.
Thank you.
Now over to Ms Tuula HAATAINEN.
Madam President,
Dear colleagues,
I'd like to thank Mr Iulian BULAI for this balanced and well-constructed report. I would also like to take the opportunity to thank Secretary General Alain BERSET for the strong and principled opinion in the New York Times last week.
The rules-based world order is under serious threat, but it will perish only when we stop defending it. The status of Greenland has been settled by international law, and any decisions concerning Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark are only for them to make. This Assembly has repeatedly defended the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity as guarantees for peace, stability and prosperity between the world nations.
These principles apply in all circumstances and without exception. As an Arctic nation and a Nordic country, Finland stands firm in its support for Denmark and Greenland's right to self-determination. Greenland belongs only to its people.
Thank you.
Thank you.
The next on my list is Mr Sam RUSHWORTH.
Thank you. And thank you to those who've given excellent speeches so far.
I represent a constituency in the north-east of England where even some of our place names have Danish roots. Our histories are intertwined, going back as far as King Canute. So I want to start by expressing both personally and on behalf of the people I represent our absolute solidarity with our neighbours across the seas, both Denmark and Greenland.
We, a community of friendly European nations, stand together. We have shared values and a shared commitment to human rights, democracy and the rules-based international order. But we're going to have to stand firmer and closer together in the years ahead because the world is changing at an alarming pace.
We're living through the start of a new era of realism. An era in which the weak are scapegoated and the powerful are exalted. In which the old alliances can no longer be relied upon, and universal human rights are being subordinated to the idea that "might makes right".
By standing firm together, the threats against our neighbours in Greenland seem to have reduced for now, but the underlying belief system that a powerful state can simply take territory, whether that's for defence, for minerals or simply for the ego of its leaders, is still all around us.
We must also guard against the enemy within, because across the free world – not just in the United States, but here in Europe too – the erosion of our democratic values is not happening at the end of a gun, but at the tip of a pen, the pen that casts a vote or signs an executive order.
It is happening because people are willing to vote for it.
Across the free world, we see leaders exploiting fear and insecurity, offering scapegoats and simplistic answers to complex problems to seize power. Once elected, they use the legitimacy of the ballot box to undermine the judiciary and dismantle the laws that constrain them.
In my country, both parties on the right – currently polling to win power in three years from now – are committed not only to withdrawing the United Kingdom from the European Convention on Human Rights, but to repealing our own domestic Human Rights Act.
So we must take seriously and address together the foreign interference in our media and the algorithms that divide people and ferment hatred and division.
We must work together on border security and on ensuring that the judgments and rulings from this place do not become our weakest point.
We must fight together in the battle for hearts and minds and stand together in solidarity, particularly at this time, with Denmark and Greenland.
[Applause]
Thank you. And now I give the floor to Mr Christophe LACROIX.
Thank you very much, Madam President,
What is at stake in Greenland today goes far beyond a simple territorial issue. It is a clear attempt to upset the international balance, to test the solidity of the law and the determination of European democracies. Because the situation in Greenland reveals a clear risk. The risk that the Arctic will become an area where the balance of power replaces international norms and where strategic interests and even private financial interests take precedence over fundamental rights.
So I think it's vital to open our eyes today. The current American government is no longer that of Mr Franklin ROOSEVELT. It is not the government of Mr John KENNEDY, Mr Jimmy CARTER, Mr Barack OBAMA or Mr Joe BIDEN. It is not even the government of Mr Ronald REAGAN or Mr George W. BUSH. No, it is an American government whose president, during his first presidency, encouraged extreme right-wing and fascist elements to invade the Capitol, threaten democracy and even killed police officers who were defending this democracy and the deputies and senators on Capitol Hill. This is the team in power in the United States today.
And it's not just President Donald TRUMP, it's MAGA, America First, it's Mr Marco RUBIO, it's Mr J. D. VANCE. It's a whole team of young, motivated people who are determined to stop respecting the world and international law and to reshape the world according not only to American imperialist interests, but also to their own particular interests. Of their companies, because they also run major capitalist financial conglomerates.
But let these people enjoy their wealth, let them. But let them stop threatening the architecture of human rights that the Council of Europe is mandated to defend.
Fortunately, there are American Democrats who continue to demonstrate in the United States against this regime and who are now paying with their lives or are being violently repressed.
But our response to Greenland must be clear and firm. The sovereignty of Greenland and Denmark is non-negotiable. Pressure of any kind has no place in Europe or in the Arctic. Human rights must be protected with the same determination everywhere as territorial security.
The Council of Europe must not be timid or intimidated. It must be firm, determined and resolute in the face of tensions. We must be the voice that reminds us that military might and financial power do not authorise everything, that human rights will not yield to force and that we are not its slaves and never will be.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Colleagues, the immediate crisis has been averted, not by chance, but by the resolute, united diplomacy of European nations. I commend the work of the Danish Government together with the UK Government and our European partners who, through firm dialogue, successfully upheld the rule of law.
But while we should celebrate this victory of diplomacy, we cannot rest on it. The question now is not just how we survived this test, but how we fortify the international order so that established sovereignty is not treated as a negotiable commodity.
President Donald TRUMP is right about one thing: the West must secure the Arctic from hostile state activity. But that must happen within the law. Nearly a century ago, the Permanent Court of International Justice settled Greenland’s status in 1933, ruling that Danish sovereignty over Greenland was absolute. That law was settled then; we cannot allow it to be unsettled now by treating a sovereign territory as mere real estate to be acquired "the hard way."
The UN Charter prohibits the threat of force. We cannot accept a world where allies threaten each other with invasion to force a sale. The Arctic Security Framework now being negotiated must be the product of true negotiation, not stealth annexation while the threat of hard action still lingers.
Equally, we cannot ignore what has preceded this chaos. The threat to the High North is not theoretical; Russia’s militarisation of the Arctic is real, accelerating, and hostile.
This crisis must be the catalyst for a step-change in our defence. The UK and our European allies must deepen our military cooperation to become a stronger pillar within the NATO alliance. We must work with our American partners to secure the High North, but we must do so from a position of greater capability.
Finally, as guardians of the rule of law, the Council of Europe must monitor and scrutinise the forthcoming "Arctic Security Framework" to ensure its compatibility with the 2009 Act on Greenland Self-Government. The UN accepts that this Act recognises the Greenlandic people’s right to self-determination. The new security framework cannot be imposed over the heads of Greenland’s Parliament. Let us be the institution that ensures the democratic security of the people who call it home.
Speech not pronounced (Rules of Procedure, Art. 31.2), only available in Italian
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Madam President,
Members of Parliament,
The international order is undergoing a period of profound instability. The principles that for decades sustained peace, cooperation and security are now seriously threatened in different parts of the world. Russia’s illegal, unjust and unjustifiable aggression against Ukraine continues to claim an unacceptable number of human lives and represents a direct attack on international law and on Europe’s security architecture. This war demonstrates how the violation of shared norms inevitably generates suffering, instability and a deep erosion of global coexistence.
We are also witnessing an unsustainable humanitarian crisis in Gaza, worsened by repeated breaches of ceasefires that prevent any real possibility of lasting peace. In other contexts, such as Venezuela and Iran, we see how citizens – especially the courageous women of Iran – demand basic rights and liberties. The response they receive, marked by repression and systematic violations of fundamental freedoms, reveals a democratic deterioration that deeply concerns the international community.
In this global scenario, it is essential to highlight the tensions surrounding Greenland and the threats directed at Denmark’s territorial integrity. These tensions must cease immediately. They are not isolated incidents, nor distant conflicts; they form part of a structural transformation of the world order that directly affects our security, our democratic stability and the future of Europe.
The weakening of international law and multilateral institutions is an attack on the very values that uphold our societies. Peace is only possible when the sovereignty of states, the inviolability of borders and the peaceful resolution of disputes are respected. When these principles are ignored, what emerges is not stability, but chaos and the law of the strongest. As democrats, we cannot accept an order based on arbitrariness or injustice.
The security of the Arctic has become a strategic issue for Europe and for international stability. Greenland belongs to its people – the Greenlandic and Danish people – and as a Spaniard I express a clear and firm support for Denmark and for Greenland, as well as for the principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter.
Europe must assume the responsibility that corresponds to it. Faced with nationalist withdrawal and false sovereigntism, the answer must be more Europe: a stronger Europe, committed to democracy, social justice, multilateralism and peace.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Meur Ras, thank you Madam President,
The Arctic is becoming one of the defining theatres of strategic competition in the 21st century, and stability there is inseparable from wider European and transatlantic security.
But, as the UK Prime Minister has reiterated in no uncertain terms, the future of Greenland is a matter for Greenlanders and for the Kingdom of Denmark. No one else.
Recent statements from President Trump linking the question of the sovereignty of Greenland to the imposition of tariffs on European nations has been deeply destabilising for international relations.
President Donald TRUMP's further comments about the military service provided by many European countries, including the UK and Denmark, alongside American troops, was both ignorant and offensive.
Such rhetoric undermines the principles of collective security and mutual respect that have underpinned international cooperation for decades.
As was emphasised by Keir STARMER, values such as social justice, cooperation and respect for international law, do not arise overnight. They are built through sustained commitment and yet now, that international system is at risk of profound fragmentation.
We cannot assume that defending the structures of the late 20th century will cause the world to revert to former stability.
Instead, we need to recognise that the architecture of international justice is in need of renewal.
But the sovereignty and self-determination of Greenland cannot and must not be treated as a bargaining chip.
The challenge before us is not merely to preserve the international order as it once was, but to renew it, in a way that respects the rights of those most exposed to geopolitical competition.
When a strong friend attempts to bully, threaten and belittle those less strong, regardless of how longstanding historic relations may be, the put that friendship at risk.
For us in the UK, the consequences of this crisis will mean stronger and deeper ties with our closest neighbours, our longstanding allies and our friends across Europe.
Thank you very much for this debate. I must now interrupt the list of speakers.
The speeches of members on the speakers list who have been present during the debate but have not been able to speak may be given to the Table Office for publication in the Official Report.
Speeches must not exceed 400 words. I remind colleagues that type-written texts can be submitted, electronically if possible, no later than four hours after the list of speakers is interrupted.
I call now Mr Bertrand BOUYX, rapporteur, to reply.
You have three minutes. Please.
Thank you, Madam Chairman.
My speech will be brief. I wanted to take this opportunity to welcome the Danish delegation and the head of its delegation, Mr Mogens JENSEN. I would also like to welcome the ambassador, Mr Michael Aastrup JENSEN.
This report is first and foremost the work of the Danish delegation and also the work of the Danes and their ambassador. I would also like to thank Mr George LOUCAIDES and his entire group for having withdrawn these amendments and finally enabling us to produce a report in its original form.
I would also like to thank all the participants, who today unanimously support this report in order to respect the sovereignty of Denmark. To respect the will of the Danish and Greenlandic peoples, to respect and affirm security in the Arctic, a strong political commitment. And finally, as a reminder, here at the heart of the Council of Europe, we are all committed to defending the rule of law, democracy and human rights.
In this situation, the Council of Europe, as many of you have pointed out, is going to have to grow in stature and visibility to be able to communicate its political and diplomatic positions and all of its proposals more widely. I think this is essential.
What is at stake, and I would like to reiterate this here, is our collective responsibility towards an international rules-based order and the place we give to the sovereignty of states. All of us here know that we are on the front line in defending this international order and in restoring and inspiring trust and co-operation, not coercion and brutality.
As you have all pointed out, Greenland is neither for sale nor for take.
Thank you.
Thank you very much, Mr Bertrand BOUYX.
Does the Chairperson of the Committee wish to take the floor? She does. Please, Ms Elisabetta GARDINI, to you.
Italy, ECPA, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
11:21:43
Thank you, Madam President.
Dear colleagues,
I would like to thank the rapporteur for his report and for the way in which it has allowed the Parliamentary Assembly to focus on what truly matters.
In the current international context, unity is not a slogan, it is a responsibility.
The fact that we have been able to converge rapidly around the core messages of this text sends important signals for Greenland, whose future belongs to its people, for the Kingdom of Denmark, whose sovereignty and territorial integrity must be fully respected, and beyond that, about the kind of international order we believe is worth defending.
This resolution does not close doors, it does not seek confrontation, but it does draw a clear line: Europe will stand by its principles and by these member states when they matter most.
In April last year, the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy hosted Ms Aaja Chemnitz Arnatsiaq LARSEN, the first ever Greenlandic member of the Parliamentary Assembly.
She emphasised the importance of including Greenlandic voices in discussions about the future of Greenland.
Today, I remain mindful of that responsibility and the responsibility for our deliberations to reflect our respect for the people most directly concerned.
For these reasons, I strongly support the adoption of this resolution.
I invite colleagues to do the same.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
With this, the debate is closed. The Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy has presented a draft resolution, Document 16334, to which five amendments have been tabled. They will be taken in the order in which they appear in the compendium.
I remind you that the speeches on the amendments are limited to 30 seconds. I understand that Mr George LOUCAIDES wishes to withdraw all five of his amendments.
Is this correct, Mr LOUCAIDES?
Yes [off mic].
Does anybody else wish to move one of these amendments? That is obviously not the case.
So we now will proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Document 16334 as not amended. A simple majority is required.
The vote is open.
[Off-mic] I need a speaking list for the next debate.
The vote is closed. May I ask you to display the results?
So, the resolution is unanimously adopted.
[Applause]
Thank you very much.
The next item of business this morning is a debate under urgent procedure on Political crisis in the broader Middle East: the need to protect human rights and the rights of all minority groups, Document 16336, presented by Mr Piero FASSINO on behalf of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy.
In order to finish by 12:55 p.m., I will interrupt the list of speakers at about 12:45 p.m. to allow time for reply and to vote.
I call Mr Piero FASSINO. We will need a minute until everything is...Piero.
So I now call Mr Piero FASSINO, the rapporteur.
You have seven minutes now and three minutes at the end of the debate to reply.
Please, Piero.
I will speak Italian.
The Israel-Palestine conflict has triggered a sequence of events that have affected the entire broader Middle East, aggravating the already existing crises in Lebanon, Yemen, Syria and Iran and redrawing the political balance of the entire region.
At the centre is, of course, the Israel-Palestine conflict. The massacre perpetrated by Hamas on 7 October and the subsequent fierce war in Gaza have deeply marked the lives of millions of Israelis and Palestinians.
Today we are faced with a fragile truce, which we are struggling to transform into the start of a stabilisation process, paving the way for peace. The disarmament of Hamas, the removal of all obstacles to the delivery of humanitarian aid, the assumption of the management of Gaza by a committee of independent Palestinians, the definition of a reconstruction plan with adequate financial resources: these are the essential steps that must be taken to give substance to the so-called 'Phase 2' of the Trump plan.
At the same time, the condition of the West Bank, subjected to the violence of extremist settlers, with the obvious complicity of sectors of the Israeli government, worsens every day.
We call on the Israeli government to take firm action against settler violence, to block new settlements and to protect the rights of the Palestinian inhabitants of the West Bank.
We also call for the removal of obstacles that prevent the Palestinian National Authority from exercising the powers conferred by agreements also signed by Israel.
Once again, from this Parliamentary Assembly, we reiterate that there will be no peace in the Middle East unless a solution based on the recognition of the rights of both peoples is achieved in the context of the full self-determination of the Palestinian people and the birth of the state of Palestine; an objective also supported with conviction by our Assembly, in a relationship of dialogue with the Knesset and the Palestinian National Council.
Today, in this debate, we want to draw the attention of our Assembly and our member states to the events in Iran, Syria and Iran.
The international community has welcomed the fall of Mr Bashar AL-ASSAD's bloodthirsty regime, which has oppressed the Syrian people for years with a repression that has claimed thousands and thousands of innocent lives.
The international community has opened up to the new government led by Mr Ahmed AL_SHARAA, such as the reopening of diplomatic relations and the suspension of sanctions. We welcome the talks between Damascus and Israel for a normalisation of bilateral relations and a joint solution on the Golan Heights.
However, events have occurred in recent months that cause great concern.
First, a harsh conflict with the Druze community, then a violent repression of the Alawite minority, and finally repeated clashes with the Kurdish community, which, let us never forget, fought with great courage against the Daesh/ ISIS caliphate, contributing to its defeat.
Acts of continued hostility were also manifested against the Yazidi community, which, let us remember, was also the victim of violent repression by ISIS. In this same period, there have been worrying episodes of hostility towards Christian communities.
Finally, the existence of relations between some leaders of the new government and ISIS cells still present on Syrian territory cannot but give cause for concern.
For all these reasons, we call on the Syrian authorities not to interrupt the transition towards a new Syria, demanding an end to acts of hostility towards minorities and full respect for the rights of every ethnic or religious community, and encouraging the authorities in Damascus to open up to dialogue and the involvement of all the components of Syrian society.
Our Committee for the Middle East and the Arab World is ready to support all initiatives that go in that direction.
The events that shook Iran have caused great alarm throughout the world. To the impressive demonstrations of the people demanding freedom, the Iranian theocratic regime responded with a harsh and bloody repression, which resulted in thousands and thousands of victims and thousands of arrests, and particularly ferocious in the repression were the squads of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, which many democratic governments describe as a terrorist organisation.
From this House, we strongly denounce the bloodthirsty and repressive nature of the Iranian regime, recalling that it is one of the countries with the highest number of executions of innocent people.
We reject the Iranian regime's continuous destabilisation action in the region and against Israel.
That is why, together with the international community, we strongly demand an end to all forms of repression: an end to executions, the release of all political prisoners, the restoration of Internet and telecommunications connections, an end to all forms of persecution of minorities, and respect for human rights for every woman and every man living in Iran.
And we call on the international bodies of justice to activate all legal procedures to hold the Iranian authorities accountable for their crimes. And we renew our call on the Iranian authorities to halt any move to give Iran nuclear weaponry and to re-establish co-operation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Also from this Assembly, we renew our solidarity with the Iranian people and call on all international institutions and states to keep up the pressure on the Iranian regime, by all means, starting with sanctions, which must be enforced genuinely and without circumvention. And we ask the media and information system to continue to keep the spotlight on what is happening in Iran.
Just as in Ukraine we are also fighting for our freedom, we must be aware that the struggle of the Iranian people concerns us and we cannot leave them alone: it is a moral and political duty to support them, which none of us and no one who believes in democracy and freedom can escape.
Thank you.
[Applause]
Thank you very much, rapporteur.
I now call on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, Ms Azadeh ROJHAN.
Ms President,
Dear colleagues,
We are confronted with mass murder.
In Iran, at least 30 000 people were killed in just two days between 8 and 9 January.
This was not chaos. It was not accidental. It was a deliberate act by a regime against its own people. It was a massacre.
Peaceful protesters demanding freedom and dignity were met with systematic and lethal force.
These acts constitute a grave violation of human rights and may amount to crimes against humanity.
The Iranian authority must therefore be held accountable under international law.
The Iranian regime also deliberately shut down the internet. It was a political decision. Internet shutdown silences witnesses, destroys evidence and shields perpetrators from accountability.
We therefore must demand immediate, full and unrestricted access to the internet for the people in Iran.
Dear colleagues,
As we speak, there is a great chance that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps will be designated as a terrorist organisation.
With France, Italy and Spain now in favour, the decision can be taken in the European Council at any moment. This decision is of great importance and a big defeat for the Islamic regime.
But, dear colleagues, this pattern of violence and impunity extends beyond Iran.
In Syria, the recent escalation of violence is deeply alarming. Attacks by government-controlled Syrian forces against Kurdish populations, Kurdish areas and Syria's ethnic religious minorities, including Christian minorities, must stop.
An immediate ceasefire is required and political dialogue on Syria's future must be resumed.
The Kurdish forces carried a decisive burden in the fight against terrorism and made enormous sacrifices to protect not only their own communities, but international security as a whole. They now deserve protection, not attacks.
An immediate ceasefire is required. Political dialogue on Syria's future must resume.
From Iran to Syria, the message must be unmistakable: mass murder, extreme violence and impunity will not be accepted.
Silence is not neutrality, it is indifference.
We must be the voice of the freedom-seeking people in Iran and Syria.
Thank you.
[Applause]
Thank you.
And now, Mr Pablo HISPÁN on behalf of the European People's Party.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
I would like to begin by congratulating Mr Piero FASSINO, one of the true professors from whom we have the privilege to learn in this institution every single day. Once again, he has demonstrated that moral clarity and political firmness are fully compatible with balance and elegance.
Institutions are strengthened when those who are part of them treat one another with seriousness and respect. There is no such thing as old or new politics; there is only good or bad politics, and the text you have presented to us is a clear example of how good politics should be done.
The situation in Iran once again demonstrates that the theocratic regime in Iran constitutes a threat to humanity, to the entire Middle East, and to the Iranian people themselves.
Since 1979, we have witnessed how a country that was on a path towards democracy and was socially advanced has been transformed into a realm of repression and torture. When we look at images of Iranian men and women prior to 1979 and compare them with those of Tehran today, we see how history can, at times, suffer dramatic reversals.
The Group of the European People's Party deeply regrets that, amid the indifference of many in the West, women are beaten to death for the so-called crime of not wearing a veil, a veil that has become a symbol of repression. That homosexuals are executed. That political opponents are hanged. That thousands of young people are killed for the crime of aspiring to a better future. Inhumanity reaches such extremes that even their bodies are withheld from their families.
The Iranian regime has used terrorism, war, and every form of violence against its own population, against its neighbours, and against us. Today, Hamas and Hezbollah are weaker because Iran is a regime in decline. A regime that is the principal ally of President Vladimir PUTIN in the war against Ukraine, whose drones plunge Ukrainian cities into darkness, seek to freeze the Ukrainian people, and kill their soldiers. A regime that, day after day, openly calls for the elimination of the people of Israel and that, to this end, even seeks to acquire nuclear weapons.
What kind of fanaticism drives the regime of the Ayatollahs? We can no longer look the other way. Iran, together with Russia, represents one of the greatest threats facing humanity, and it is imperative that this Assembly raise its voice and denounce it.
In Syria, a regime allied with Iran and President Vladimir PUTIN has fallen. We see the path chosen by the country’s current leaders, whether they will embrace religious and political pluralism or seek to replace one dictatorship with a new theocracy. Time will tell which future it will be.
Let us continue to follow developments in Syria with vigilance and concern, and let us firmly condemn the Iranian regime.
Thank you very much, Mr Pablo HISPÁN.
We now come to Mr Paweł JABŁOŃSKI on behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates.
Poland, ECPA, Spokesperson for the group
11:40:15
Thank you, Madam President.
Dear colleagues,
Mr Piero FASSINO, congratulations on the report. It is very well-written, although it could have been worded more strongly in certain areas. And I hope that some of the amendments that were presented will go through in this Assembly.
I want to focus on a group that is particularly persecuted in the Middle East and it concerns both Iran, it concerns Syria, it concerns other countries. And I'm referring to Christians. Christian people in Muslim countries face various forms of persecution every day. But what's happening right now, especially in Syria, where they are expressly targeted, not just labelled as enemies, but they are murdered. They are murdered on a massive scale. And the state authorities not only do nothing, they are actively supporting these criminal acts. They are actually enjoying the fact that the Christian population is being persecuted and murdered.
In this Assembly and in many other institutions in Europe, we have often debated how terrible it is that sometimes in Europe we are facing a phenomenon that we like to call Islamophobia, that sometimes Muslim people in Europe are criticised, that sometimes citizens of European countries express their concerns over massive migration, for example, they express their concerns over security, over safety on our streets, their fear for the safety of women and children on the streets of European cities. But no Muslim people in Europe face death. No Muslim people in Europe face persecution, face terror, face imprisonment, as it happens with Christians in many Muslim countries.
And this is very good, that in this resolution we are pointing this out, that we are taking note of that. But we must do more. We must call, not Iran, not Syria, they will not listen, they don't care for what we are saying here. They will just continue with what they are doing. But we must call on the governments of European countries, of members of the Council of Europe, to act much more decisively, to indeed implement very strong, decisive sanctions against those governments and those individuals that are responsible for everyday tragedy, for everyday massive murdering of Christians and other minorities in countries in the Middle East.
This is our job, to protect these people, to save their lives.
Thank you very much.
Thank you.
And on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Mr Mehmet AKALIN.
Türkiye, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group
11:43:20
Thank you, Madam President,
Dear colleagues,
First of all, I must emphasise that we are committed to stop using colonial language when referring to this region. I will therefore call each country by its proper name and refrain from using imposed identities.
Secondly each country’s situation and challenges are different and must be addressed as such. The countries concerned in this debate are sovereign states.
Iran, in particular, has a civilisation stretching back thousands of years and deserves recognition for its contribution to humanity, despite the actions of its current regime. Those horrific actions include serious human rights violations, the violent suppression of protests, and the killing of protesters. Violence against civilians is unacceptable and criminal.
In Syria, as state institutions weakened, an arms race emerged among competing groups, often fuelled by external actors. Territories taken by force by one armed group, are frequently later seized by another. In this cycle of violence, it is always the smallest and most vulnerable minorities who suffer first and most.
From this perspective, territorial integrity and political unity remain indispensable principles – not only for stability, but also for the effective protection of human rights. Weak or fragmented state structures cannot provide lasting security or guarantees of rights for any segment of society, including minority communities.
The presence of terrorist organisations and armed groups across the region only deepens fragmentation and prolongs suffering. Providing more weapons– whether to minorities or to others – does not bring protection; it brings further division. A sustainable and immediate solution to the conflict between Israel and Palestine must begin with an end to the bombing of Gaza, recognition of a two-state solution, and full respect for international law.
This instability does not remain confined to the countries in question. It affects neighbouring states and reaches Europe through displacement, insecurity, and large-scale migration.
If we truly care about minority rights and the people of Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Palestine, we must defend peace, state integrity, democracy, the rule of law, and human dignity – together, and without double standards.
Thank you.
Thank you.
And this round of spokespersons on behalf of the political groups will be concluded by Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left.
France, UEL, Spokesperson for the group
11:46:38
Thank you, Madam President,
The dramatic situation in the Middle East confronts our common humanity with the challenge of its own survival.
In Palestine, genocide continues unabated. The population is still being subjected to an intolerable humanitarian blockade, and civilian massacres are continuing, despite a ceasefire that is in reality only partial. Israel continues to think itself above international law and, to our shame, most of our governments allow Benjamin NETANYAHU to act with impunity.
In Iran, since December 2025, massive demonstrations have been demanding freedom, dignity and respect for fundamental rights. The mullahs' regime has responded with an extremely violent crackdown, using lethal force against peaceful demonstrators, arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances and torture. Women and ethnic and religious minorities are particularly targeted, while the state restricts access to information and controls communications in order to conceal the scale of the repression.
The institutions guaranteeing international and humanitarian law must act without delay to denounce this violence, protect civilians and support the citizens' revolution in Iran, for and by the Iranian people, without interference or cynical calculations.
In Syria, for the past two weeks, Rojava and the political project it embodies have been undergoing an unprecedented military attack by the Syrian government of Abu Mohammed AL-JOLANI, under his stage name Ahmed AL-SHARAA, marking a violent challenge to the rights of the Kurdish people and of ethnic and religious minorities. This government defends a centralist and anti-democratic "Syrian Arab Republic", repressing political and trade union rights, denying women's rights and attacking religious and ethnic minorities, in particular the Druze, Alawites and Christians.
Conversely, there is an alternative: a decentralised and democratic Syria, giving a central place to women and minorities, embodied by the autonomous administration of Rojava and in north-eastern Syria. Since the brutal interruption of the negotiations begun in March 2025 between the Autonomous Administration and the Syrian government, the violence has intensified.
On 6 January, the Kurdish districts of Aleppo were attacked, followed by a general offensive against north-eastern Syria. Kobani is now under siege, with water, electricity and communications cut off, putting more than 250 000 civilians at risk. We call for the immediate opening of emergency humanitarian corridors to prevent a catastrophe. The violations of international law are massive: summary executions, forced displacements and destruction of civilian infrastructure, with clear risks of ethnic cleansing and reprisals.
The Syrian Democratic Forces, mainly Kurdish, have paid a heavy price in the fight against Daesh, with more than 12 000 deaths, and their abandonment by the Western powers constitutes a political betrayal with consequences for regional and international security. The mass releases of terrorist jihadist prisoners held by the Kurds should be a wake-up call for Europe.
The responsibility of the international community, in particular the member states of the Council of Europe, is at stake. The European Union's recent political and financial support for Ahmed AL-SHARAA's Syria, motivated by economic and oil interests, sacrifices human rights. We must take a firm stand to protect people and defend their fundamental rights in Syria, Iran and Palestine.
Thank you very much.
Thank you.
And we go on with the speaking list, continuing with 3 minutes for each speech.
And Ms Saskia KLUIT is next on my list.
Thank you very much, Chair.
The video is 12 minutes long. This is how long the picture lasts in which a father walks among hundreds of black body bags, scattered across the streets in Tehran, searching for his child. He says: "Sepehr, where are you? Sepehr, where are you? You are my son. I cannot find you."
This is a massacre. This is a crime against humanity.
We have seen similar cruel images from Syria, from Kurdish crowds, Yazidi villages and from Occupied Palestinian territories. And I'm very happy that the rapporteur pointed our attention to the enormous crimes in Palestine.
And yet, I ask myself: does it make a difference for that all of this is unfolding before our very eyes? Words without concrete actions also have consequences. For years, we have held debates about Iran. For years, we have heard the same response: there is very little we can do. And the result is thousand of videos filled with hundreds of thousands of dead bodies of innocent people in the region. That is what this kind of impunity produces.
Reports that manage to leave Iran, speak of violence on an unimaginable scale, possibly 30 000 people dead, 300 000 wounded, people who are not allowed to morn their dead, not to bury them. Hundreds of thousands injured who do not dare go to hospitals. Tens of thousands thrown into prisons.
At the same time, we are witnessing a dangerous international escalation. Military forces are being built up around Iran. Political discussions focus on uranium enrichment, missile programmes and strategic balances. But where is a believable path in this plan towards an Iran that will prosper and not fall into a cruel civil war after the Islamic regime has fallen? Where is the protection of the population? Where are their human rights in these plans? A military strike without a United Nations mandate and without regard for the democratic needs of the population is not a solution, it is a recipe for further catastrophe.
So what did this built up result into? The Iranian regime has closed ranks. Even moderate voices have joined the regime. The Revolutionary Guard has shown what it is prepared to do. And the terror works. Fear keeps people at home. And a regime that treats its own population in this way will definitely not hesitate to set the region on fire, if they can.
So Madam President,
Europe can really no longer remain paralysed. Not while our neighbouring region is sliding further into instability. And not while millions risk being trapped between repression and war.
So I call on this Assembly to break with their passivity. To take initiative and to use all means that we have, not only here, but in our home parliaments, to place the protection of the Iranian population at the centre, to put their dmocratic and human rights at the centre of our work, and not only in words, but most important in our actions.
To ensure that, this time, those responsible for the deaths, whether they live in Iran, Syria or Gaza, do not remain unpunished.
Thank you.
And Mr Niklaus-Samuel GUGGER is next.
Dear President, ladies and gentlemen,
We are facing a moral test today. The crises in the Middle East are not just geopolitical conflicts. They mean suffering, fear and disenfranchisement for millions of people and threaten the foundations of human dignity, religious freedom and international order. The escalating internal crises in Iran and Syria compel us to look and act immediately. Both countries are at decisive turning points, the consequences of which extend far beyond their borders. These developments are taking place in an environment of growing instability and increasing violence.
Since the Hamas terrorist attacks on Israel in October 2023, which we have unequivocally condemned, the Middle East has been characterised by open fronts of conflict. The military confrontation between Israel and Iran in 2025, fuelled by international interventions, has further increased the risk of a regional conflagration, while power politics increasingly undermines international law. In Iran, we have seen a dramatic deterioration in the human rights situation. Peaceful protests have been met with extreme violence, accompanied by arbitrary killings, mass arrests, communication blackouts and an alarming increase in the death penalty. My solidarity is with the Iranian people, especially women and ethnic and religious minorities who are systematically oppressed.
Dear friends, religious freedom is not a privilege, but an inalienable human right. In Syria, too, violence, fragmentation and impunity remain a bitter reality. Kurdish, Christian, Alawite and Druze communities continue to be subjected to displacement, persecution and serious human rights violations. This is unacceptable. The protection of civilians, respect for international law, the defence of religious freedom, accountability and diplomatic de-escalation must remain non-negotiable. Today's resolution is a necessary step and a clear sign of solidarity with all those persecuted.
Thank you very much.
"Thank you very much" [in German].
Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO is next on the list.
Thank you, thank you, dear President.
And, you know, we're speaking now about the Middle East, and I'm reading our resolution, and it looks like, is this our reality?
I just want to quote, "the eruption of open military hostilities between Israel and Iran in June 2025, followed by the direct military intervention of the United States of America targeting Iranian nuclear facilities, has further heightened the risk of wider regional conflagration, with profound implications for human suffering and for the maintenance of international peace and security. At a time when power politics has increasingly undermined adherence to international law and multilateral governance frameworks".
Sorry, are we crazy? So we want to criticise Israel and the United States for at least trying to destroy this Ayatollah's regime? I can't understand this. We had these debates here in this Assembly last year, and I was telling you, we need to stop the Ayatollah's regime because they're killing Iranian people, they're killing Israelis, they're killing everybody. And they will kill us if they have the chance. If they were to have a nuclear bomb, they would put it on Strasbourg and Paris and London. Be sure about this.
And instead of supporting the United States and their attack, nobody should tell me I'm pro-American or anti-American, just 15 minutes ago, I voted in favour of the resolution on Greenland. I completely support Denmark. I am saying that this is their sovereign territory and the United States is not trying to threaten them in any way. But, at the same time, when the United States is a major power, doing what they should do to destroy this awful regime, and we are making these papers... We need to support them, we need to send French, British, German fighters there to destroy this regime which kills their people in thousands, in thousands.
Do you believe in your own call for action? I am reading, "We call Iranian authorities to stop killing". You really believe they will stop killing after this paper? You really think they care about what we are saying in this paper? They understand only one language, the language of force, the language of strength. And when Israel and the United States together are doing what they should do, instead of supporting them, instead of standing shoulder to shoulder with them to destroy this awful regime, we are saying, oh, you know, we are condemning it, that can escalate. We don't know. It's crazy. It's crazy. We need to support those who are now in Iran fighting for their freedom, for the basic rights we're here protecting. These people are killed every day, and we are just talking, blah, blah, blah, and accusing those who have at least the courage to do something.
Thank you.
I now give the floor to Mr Dominik OBERHOFER.
Madam President, ladies and gentlemen.
I do not want to speak abstractly about Iran here today, but I would like to talk about a person, about a family, and about an example of terrible cruelty that has stayed with me over the last few weeks. A few weeks ago, I stood next to a woman at a demonstration in Dresden. She told me with a shaking voice that her sister who lives in Iran – or should I say, she used to live in Iran – her sister was brutally murdered by the regime. Not in a war, not in a battle, but because a system simply needs fear to survive. And the cruelty doesn't end there. Because the family now has to collect money so that they can buy the body from the Revolutionary Guards. To be able to buy the body in order to organise a dignified burial for the victim.
Ladies and gentlemen, this is not a state, this is not a democratic or Islamic republic. This is organised terror, this is inhumanity. Even death becomes a source of income in this system. We now need the courage to name it clearly. This system must finally be brought to an end. For decades we have seen that Iran has been financing terror not only nationally, but also internationally. Militias, missiles, destabilisation throughout the Middle East. And yet many talk about stability, about dialogue, about restraint.
The Council of Europe was founded with a clear message after the Second World War: Never again! Never again indifference, never again looking away. And today we owe this voice to the people of Iran, to the thousands, the tens of thousands of nameless victims. And we owe it to that woman. The woman in Dresden who told me that she can no longer bring her sister back to life. But what she wants is for us, the whole world, to look at this fate in Iran. And we have to face up to this responsibility and we must not shirk it any longer.
Thank you for your attention.
Thank you very much.
Next is Mr Tony VAUGHAN. Mr Tony VAUGHAN does not seem to be here.
So we move on to Mr Robert-Ionatan SIGHIARTĂU.
Madam President,
Ladies and gentlemen,
Today we are facing a dangerous silence. A silence that risks becoming complicity.
We often see strong protests and long campaigns for certain causes. But when it comes to Iran, many voices are missing.
Where are the protesters who claim to defend human rights? Where is the mainstream media to clearly condemn the daily crimes of the regime? Where are the NGOs that speak about women's rights while women in Iran are beaten, arrested and killed for demanding freedom? Where is Greta?
Dear colleagues, in Iran, these abuses are not accidents. They are part of the system. Repression, execution and the silencing of free speech are tools of power.
The Council of Europe must not remain silent. Human rights cannot be defended selectively. The regime in Tehran is illegitimate and criminal. We must stand clearly with the Iranian people and their fight for freedom, dignity and justice. Thank you.
Thank you.
Now, Mr Armen GEVORGYAN.
Thank you.
Dear colleagues,
The Middle East has, for Armenia, not only a geopolitical, but also a profound civilisational dimension. Armenia is connected to this region not only by geography, but also by the fates of hundreds of thousands of Armenians.
Armenian communities are an organic part of the historical fabric of the Middle East. They have become key elements of the modern identity of the region and bridges between civilisations, religions, and cultures. They demonstrate that religious and national diversity can be a source of stability and prosperity rather than conflict.
However, the instability of recent decades has led to a sharp decline in the Armenian presence. This is an alarming signal: the disappearance of Armenian communities would mean not only a tragedy for the Armenian people, but also the loss of a vital layer of the region's historical and cultural heritage.
Dear colleagues,
To build sustainable states and genuine peace, to prevent further radicalisation, and to preserve cultural diversity and protect national minorities in the Middle East, it is crucial to ensure the stability and coherent development of Iran and Syria.
The collapse of these states would lead to chaos far beyond the region, triggering new waves of self-determination movements and an inevitable revision of national borders. In such a scenario, we would no longer be speaking about the protection of minority rights, but about preventing the disintegration of existing states.
It is clear that some key decisions will be made outside the Middle East, but it will be the people of the broader region, including in the Republic of Armenia, who will have to live with their consequences. That is why we must assess the situation as realistically as possible and take the most cautious steps to reduce tensions.
Thank you very much.
Thank you. And Mr Fabian MOLINA is next.
Dear Madam President, ladies and gentlemen,
The political and humanitarian crisis in the Middle East - in Iran, Syria, the Palestinian territories, Yemen and Lebanon - affects our immediate neighbourhood. It affects Europe's security and it affects the universal values on which the Council of Europe was founded: human rights, peace and the inviolable dignity of every human being.
In Iran, people risk their lives every day because they demand freedom. Women, young people and religious and ethnic minorities are persecuted, imprisoned, tortured and executed. According to various sources, tens of thousands of people have been murdered since the end of December - an unimaginable, unprecedented massacre. And the repression does not end at Iran's borders. In our member states, too, Iranian communities are the target of intimidation, surveillance and threats of transnational repression. This is unacceptable. All member states of the Council of Europe must protect these people effectively and resolutely.
In Syria, over a decade of violence has disenfranchised millions of people. Religious and ethnic minorities continue to live without security and without prospects. At the same time, the possible liberation of Islamic State fighters, triggered by the attacks on northern and eastern Syria, poses a massive threat to the region and to Europe itself.
We must therefore be clear: Türkiye must immediately cease its attacks in Syria, which violate international law. These military interventions exacerbate the suffering of the civilian population, jeopardise minorities and undermine any chance of sustainable peace. As a member state of the Council of Europe, Türkiye has a special responsibility to protect human rights.
Ladies and gentlemen,
Concern is not enough. Human rights are not relative, they are not negotiable. We therefore need targeted sanctions against the individuals and institutions responsible for serious human rights violations, active support for international investigation and accountability mechanisms, and the protection of women and minorities, for example through the unconditional protection of the right to asylum for those persecuted. Equally central is the active strengthening of civil society, human rights defenders and independent media.
The people in our neighbourhood are fighting for what we often take for granted: Freedom, security and human dignity. They look to Europe. They hope for our determination. Let us not abandon them.
Thank you very much.
Now we come to Mr Cemalettin Kani TORUN.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
Dear colleagues,
Today we are talking about the situation in Syria and Iran.
We all hope for the establishment of a state system, an inclusive state system in Syria, in which all the people of minorities: the Kurds, Alawites, Turkmens, Druze and the Christian minorities' rights are respected.
Also, we call on Iran to respect human rights and law and persecution of those demonstrators. The killing of them is not acceptable.
One colleague mentioned here the persecution and killing of Christians in the Middle East. So he's right there is one country which has been doing this: Israel has been killing Christian Palestinians and destroyed churches in Gaza. So in that sense he's right.
What I can say is that one clear reality must also be stated: those who live in glass houses should not throw stones at others.
While Europe lectures in the Middle East on human rights, it must first put the end to the violations occurring within its own borders.
The Council of Europe has worked to give a concrete meaning of fundamental values such as human rights and rule of law, universal justice and democracy. As a result of these efforts, the European Convention on Human Rights was established and the European Court of Human Rights was created to safeguard these universal values.
Today, we unfortunately witness a rapid rise in xenophobia, anti-immigrant sentiment, racism and Islamophobia in countries long regarded as the heartlands of law and democracy.
Across Europe, the rise of the far right and the increasing visibility of discrimination-based violence is deeply alarming.
This picture demonstrates a steady erosion of the principle of the universality of human rights.
All these adverse developments pose a serious threat to minority rights in Europe.
One of the most fundamental human rights is the ability to live freely in accordance with one's language, religion and identity. Ensuring the unhindered exercise of these fundamental rights is just as vital as formally recognising them.
The recent steps taken by the United States have unsettled not only regional balances, but the entire world.
Thank you very much.
Next on my list is Mr Bernard SABELLA.
Thank you.
Allow me to address the Middle East in a historic concept. Previously, the Middle East was known to be the Fertile Crescent, including Syria, Iraq, Palestine, Israel, modern-day Israel, Jordan, Lebanon. And the communities, different communities, what I call the geography of religious, ethnic, national communities, learned how to live side by side. Then came the colonial powers. And the colonial powers did a wonderful job at dividing people into different communities.
And yes, in modern times there is the rise in religious and national identity, which further helped divide one community from the other. I would say, from historic experience, Jews, Armenians, Christians, Muslims, Druze, worked side by side, developed cultural, political and other public institutions.
Minorities today in the Middle East do not feel that they are outsiders. I'm a Christian Palestinian. I was in Bethlehem during Christmas, and I saw how Muslims and Christians celebrated Christmas together. Believe it or not, some of you may not believe it. And so, the harmony that exists between communities should teach us here in the Council of Europe how to use the power of Europe and its governments to encourage internal discussion and exchange among the various components of society, in order to create what a colleague here mentioned as a kind of society that is open to all.
And if you are going to interfere, please do not take the colonial power model, because then you are going to add to the problem rather than to resolve it. Please encourage the different communities and impress on the governments of the different countries of the need to respect the rule of law and to respect the differences existing among different communities. This is your role and not a protection role.
Thank you very much.
Thank you very much.
And the next speaker is Mr Markus WIECHEL.
Madam President,
Distinguished colleagues,
The regime in Iran is a clique of fanatical criminals. They have hijacked a proud nation and transformed it into a large prison and killing field. These occupants are not a government; they are a criminal syndicate. They hang its citizens for demanding fundamental freedoms, gun down children in the streets, torture prisoners until they break, and stage public executions to terrorize the population. Hundreds are murdered every year in sham trials.
The regime rules through pure terror, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) death squads, forced veiling and midnight raids. While they loot Iran's wealth to fund terrorism abroad, ordinary Iranians face starvation, blackouts, and despair.
So please, no more excuses!
The Iranian people are waging a heroic revolution against these occupiers. Women set hijabs ablaze, youth shout 'Death to the Dictator', workers paralyze the economy with strikes. This is not unrest; this is the people reclaiming their country from thugs who never belonged to power.
Europe must end its cowardly appeasement. No more photo-ops with murderers. No more trade deals. Close the regime embassies and expel their diplomats. Hit them hard: crippling sanctions on every Mullah, every IRGC commander. Freeze assets, seize properties, revoke visas, pressure them economically, isolate them completely. Supply anti-censorship tools and declare openly that the legitimate voice of Iran is the protesting people, not the blood-soaked occupants.
The regime is rotting from within. Its collapse is coming, and when it does, we must stand ready to support the free, secular and democratic Iran that the people are fighting and dying for. Friends and colleagues, stand with the revolution. Stand against the occupiers. Our silence today would be complicity tomorrow.
Thank you very much.
Thank you.
And I now call Mr Berdan ÖZTÜRK.
Thank you very much, Madam Chair.
Dear colleagues,
Recent developments in Syria, particularly in Rojava, require the urgent attention of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
What is unfolding is not only a humanitarian crisis and a regional security issue. It is a direct challenge to Europe's commitment to human rights, democratic values and the rule of law.
Despite this, there is striking global indifference to the events in Syria today.
The situation in Rojava represents a critical turning point for regional stability, for global security and for the credibility of international norms.
Beyond the humanitarian crisis lies a deep rupture, a profound loss of trust for a people, the Kurds, who aligned themselves with the very values we all claim to uphold: democracy, gender equality and pluralism. This abandonment has produced a deep emotional and political break.
That rupture is further inflamed by inconsistency. While the Syrian Democratic Forces are treated, according to Turkish prompts, as a terrorist organisation, the world has engaged with Hayat Tahrir Al Assam as a legitimate actor, despite their jihadist roots and documented ties to al-Qaeda and ISIS.
The selective use of the terrorism label erodes any credible commitment to democratic values.
Members of the Parliamentary Assembly,
This moment is not only about Syria or the Kurds. It is about whether Europe still understands that defending its values is inseparable from defending its own future.
When institutions adapt their principles to political convenience, they render themselves irrelevant or worse. Standing up for Rojava means standing up for a free, egalitarian and democratic way of life. Removing this possibility for Syria would destroy Syria's future, the region's future, and also the future of Europe.
Thank you very much.
[Applause]
Thank you.
Now to Ms Annika STRANDHÄLL, please.
Thank you.
Madam President,
Dear colleagues,
We are debating this resolution at a moment of grave and accelerating danger in the Middle East, with Syria and Iran standing out as two epicentres of human suffering and instability, alongside the ongoing tragic violence between Israelis and Palestinians, where civilians on all sides continue to pay an unbearable price and where respect for international humanitarian law is urgently needed.
In Syria, we are witnessing a deeply alarming escalation of violence, including recent attacks by government‑controlled forces against Kurdish communities and areas. This is unacceptable. We call for an immediate ceasefire and a halt to all hostilities to ensure civilian protection, access to medical care and the delivery of humanitarian aid. The parties must return to the negotiating table and resume a genuine political process on Syria's future.
We must be clear: the Kurdish forces, including women's defence units, carried an enormous burden and made tremendous sacrifices in the fight against Daesh, alongside the international coalition. That creates a moral and political obligation.
We condemn all human rights violations and demand accountability for crimes committed in today's Syria. Atrocities as we have heard against Druze and Alawite communities underline the risks facing minorities. Syria's ethnic and religious diversity; Kurds, Arabs, Christians, Druze, Alawites and others must be guaranteed both individual and collective rights in law and in practice. Any political transition must be inclusive, and international follow‑up will be essential.
Turning to Iran, the scale of the regime's violent crackdown on protesters is horrifying. Recent reports suggest that as many as 30 000 people may have been killed in just two days during this repression. This level of brutality demands an urgent and robust international response. Political prisoners must be released, targeted sanctions considered, and instruments of repression like the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps confronted with unified pressure from democratic states.
Dear colleagues,
The future for the region cannot be built on revenge or exclusion or terror; only on equal rights, accountability and human dignity for all.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Now on my list is Mr Abdurrahman BABACAN.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
The Middle East has experienced enormous upheavals and major ruptures in its recent history. After receiving its first major blow following 9/11 and subsequently in the aftermath of the Arab Revolution, it was thrown into political chaos, a spiral of blood and violence where its ethnic, sectarian, ideological and religious diversity was severely damaged. Non-state actors held sway, and terrorist organisations were used as leverage by global hegemonic powers.
We have witnessed large-scale sociological operations being carried out in Syria and Iraq along ethnic, sectarian and religious lines. This has brought major tragedies and ruptures affecting the internal integrity and stability of these countries, while simultaneously exporting instability, chaos, violence and terror to the entire region.
This familiar bloody process is being attempted again in Syria today, which, for the first time since the popular revolution that overthrew the bloody Assad regime, is trying to recover, establish its internal unity and build a constitutional transition based on a democratic and pluralistic perspective. The most important point here is the stability and construction of a unified and strong Syria while preserving its cultural and demographic diversity. This is the fundamental focus that all sectarian, ethnic and religious groups in Syria should concentrate on.
And the international community and Europe must work towards establishing a unified, integrated, pluralistic and democratic constitutional process in Syria that includes all identity elements. In this regard, the de-escalation of tensions in Aleppo and the northern and north-eastern regions of Syria in recent days is crucial on a humanitarian basis.
This can only be achieved through the implementation of the 10 March Agreement, jointly signed by the Syrian government and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) immediately after the revolution, which represents an optimal balance and solution for all segments of Syrian society, including the Kurds.
However, despite nearly a year having passed, the SDF continues to refuse and postpone the implementation of this agreement. If this is achieved, all the problems today will be resolved easily and, spontaneously, a crucial threshold will be crossed towards building a unified, integrated, unitary and sovereign Syria with constituent elements in its administrative, military and political structures.
So, all actors in the region, as well as global actors, especially Europe, must now look at the issue through this clarity and must have a position contributing to the democratic transition of these countries with respect to the rule of law, pluralistic societal structure and democratic norms.
Thank you.
Thank you.
And Mr George LOUCAIDES is next.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
Unfortunately, I have to respond once more to Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO by saying that there is no good and bad violation of international law. There is no good and bad occupation. There is no good and bad violation of the sovereignty of a country. And as he comes, as I do, from a country under occupation, under violation of international law, he should know better that we need to be consistent in defending international law.
Dear colleagues, the situation in Syria continues putting to a test our credibility as an Assembly which is committed to the protection of human rights and international law. Since the fall of the Bashar al-ASSAD regime, the violence has not ended, merely taking other forms. Minority communities continue to pay the price of fragmented authority, impunity and the external power games.
In northeast Syria, particularly in areas with significant Kurdish populations, recent developments have exposed the extreme fragility of security and governance arrangements. Attacks carried out by militants under Mr Mohammad AL-JULANI's command against the Syrian Democratic Forces have triggered a serious humanitarian crisis. Mr Mohammad AL-JULANI, second of ISIS in rank, second of Al Qaeda, and we have a difficulty to name him by his name.
According to Kurdish authorities, more than 150 000 people have been displaced. Reports of Daesh detainees being released and rearmed within Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) ranks are deeply alarming and revive the ghost of extremism. Kobane, a symbol of resistance against Daesh in 2015, is once again under siege. Long-range artillery shelling of civilian areas coupled with embargoes of water, siege of water and electricity risk amounting to war crimes. Entire communities face forced displacement while Christian, Alawite and Druze minorities remain exposed to intimidation, killings and the destruction of cultural and religious heritage.
In these circumstances, the international community must not normalise violence. Any financial or military support to the de facto authorities in Damascus must be withheld until jihadist militants have been permanently defeated and an inclusive, decentralised and democratic constitutional framework has been established. Humanitarian access must be immediate, unconditional and unhindered, including through the opening of the Mürşitpınar Crossing.
Turning to Iran, the brutal repression of protests, mass arrests and executions demand our unequivocal condemnation. Solidarity with the Iranian people means defending their rights and not legitimising at the same time repression or exploiting their struggle through external intervention.
Thank you, dear colleagues.
Thank you.
The very last word is for Ms Sevilay ÇELENK.
Madam President,
Dear colleagues,
Within the broader context of the Middle East crisis, I wish to focus on the war in Syria.
The Syrian crisis marks the reemergence of a long-neglected threat.
It is the return of something suppressed because of this unimaginable horror – a horror that we all seem to have forgotten. Let us remember.
Over the past decade, ISIS has carried out deadly attacks not only in Syria, but also across Europe and Türkiye: the Bataclan massacre in Paris, attacks in Nice, Brussels, Manchester and Berlin's Christmas market. And in Türkiye, the massacres in Suruç, Ankara train station, Reina nightclub, Reyhanlı and the Gaziantep wedding bombings.
These acts of extreme brutality have left deep scars on humanity.
It was the Kurds and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) who confronted this threat directly and defeated ISIS on the ground at immense human cost.
Today, that reality is being quietly sidelined. Despite repeated UN warnings, ISIS is regaining ground. Detention camps are being dismantled, militants are being released without oversight, and violence is resurging.
Kurds, Christians, Alawites and Druze are being brutally killed. Kobani is once again under siege. Civilians face shortages of food, water, medicine and electricity. Women are being abducted and killed. Extremist rhetoric, once associated with genocidal campaigns, is reappearing.
Dear colleagues,
As has been said, this isn't only about Syria or the Kurds. It is about whether Europe remains committed to protecting international justice through consistency.
The question before us is no longer only what role Europe seeks to play in Syria and the Middle East, but whether we are still willing to uphold the moral responsibility that defines us as a political community.
Thank you.
[Applause]
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Dear Colleagues,
The right to self-determination together with the right of peoples and states to determine their own futures free from external interference is a core principle of international law. In reality, almost the totality of the problems and misery in the Middle East comes as a result of the denial of the principle of self determination at the beginning of the 20th century. At the same time, colonialism and foreign intervention have created artificial frontiers and divisions between the peoples.
Yet despite our Assembly’s recent adoption of a report opposing foreign intervention, we continue to witness, and too often tacitly endorse interventions that contravene this fundamental norm.
The raw crackdown of the people’s uprising in Iran worsens the situation in the Middle East. We must unequivocally support the Iranian people in their legitimate struggle for democratic rights, freedom and social justice, and no external power can or should impose a political system from the outside. The brutal regime of Mullahs in Iran cannot be replaced by outsiders. It is the people of Iran who must decide who, and how should rule the country.
The democratic aspirations of the Iranian people must be realised through their own agency and grassroots mobilisation, not through the dictates of foreign governments, a lesson made painfully clear by the destructive outcomes of past interventions elsewhere in the region.
In Syria, the survival of ethnic and religious minorities is at stake. The new regime controlled by jihadists, which has replaced the previous ruthless one, seems to have targeted ethnic and religious groups including the Syria’s Christians, Druzes Alawis, Kurds, Yazidi, Assyrians and many more. The problem is that there is a guilty silence and indifference on that, which is by nature unacceptable. Europe’s silence regarding the attacks against Rojava and the peoples of the whole region is indicative of Europe’s inability to protect basic human rights just outside its backyard.
Turning to the occupied Palestinian territories, the humanitarian devastation in Gaza and the West Bank and the survival of the population demands urgent and principled action. No deprivations and collective punishment inflicted on civilian populations can be tolerated. Especially in Gaza, where the population suffers from Hamas too.
We reject the notion that peace can be achieved through subordinate regimes, bloodshed, or military dominance and hegemonic security structures. In this dire situation, we cannot afford silence and indifference to prevail over the truth.
Thank you.
[Applause]
Thank you very much. That concludes the list of speakers and I now call Mr Piero FASSINO, rapporteur, to reply. You have 3 minutes left.
Piero, please.
Thank you President.
I thank all those who participated in the debate. It seems to me that most of the speeches corresponded to the report I presented and they shared it.
I would like to focus these few seconds on one point: Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO asked a question. Beyond making declarations, beyond being outraged, beyond having pronouncements against what is happening in Iran and also denouncing what is happening in Syria: what do we actually do? The question is not without meaning.
We all feel a responsibility not only to voice denunciations, but also to do something to change the situation. Now, things can be done.
Meanwhile, I recall that the international community has adopted sanctions. These sanctions are often not applied effectively and rigorously. The Persian Gulf is full of shadow ships, which load Iranian gas and oil and bring it to the world.
So, a first issue is to make the sanctions effective and to commit each government to actually enforcing them, which is not always the case today.
Support for the opposition forces in Iran, in such a way as to support them in their struggle, not only with political pronouncements. In other situations, over the years, the international community has made a concrete commitment to support liberation movements and struggles for democracy. It must also do so in the case of Iran, because Iran has been oppressed by a bloodthirsty regime since 1979, for too long now.
I recall that we, rightly, have spoken here of the thousands of victims in recent weeks; but I recall that since 1979 hundreds of people have been hanged every year in Iran and Iran is, together with China, the country with the record of hangings of innocent people.
Stopping all this and demanding and calling the Iranian authorities to account before the courts of justice is another way to act.
So is acting to sanction the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, who are at the heart of the repressive structure towards citizens and the population.
After that, is this enough? Does anything else need to be done? I don't have the answer.
I understand what you are saying, which Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO posed. The question, that is, whether we should also intervene in Iran's life on a larger scale. It is an enormous responsibility, which in any case I don't think can be entrusted to any one country, but is a responsibility of the international community.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Does the chairperson of the committee wish to speak?
Italy, ECPA, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
12:37:52
Thank you, Madam President.
Dear colleagues,
As we bring this debate to a close, I would like first to thank the rapporteur, Mr Piero FASSINO, for his careful, principled and constructive work on this report and for his long-standing attention to the region.
Today's discussion has reminded us that behind the language of resolutions lie human realities of extreme suffering.
In Iran, we are confronted with the most brutal violence against the peaceful protests. A chilling shift from the suppression of dissent by deterrence to one of strategic elimination.
In the Syrian Arab Republic, years of conflict, fragmentation and impunity continue to expose civilian populations, particularly minority communities, to violence, displacement and abuse.
These situations are different in nature, but they share a common thread: the erosion of human dignity, the denial of fundamental rights and the absence of accountability.
Our responsibility as parliamentarians is to name these realities clearly, to insist that respect for human rights and the protection of minorities are not optional or secondary concerns.
At a time when the region has been rocked by successive waves of instability, the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy has worked to keep sustained attention on the political crisis and human tragedy that continue to drive conflict and suffering.
The Committee continues, both through its rapporteurs and through its sub-committees, to work intensively with our partners and experts in the region.
Addressing these challenges requires our sustained parliamentary diplomacy, our sustained attention.
That is the responsibility we carry and the commitment we must continue to uphold.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
The debate is closed.
The Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy has presented a draft resolution, Document 16336, to which seven amendments have been tabled. They will be taken in the order in which they appear in the compendium. I remind you that speeches on amendments are limited to 30 seconds.
I understand that the Chairperson of this Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendment 2 to the draft resolution, which was unanimously approved by the Committee, be declared as definitely approved. Is that so?
Yes, it seems to be, so if there are no objections, I will consider the amendment as approved. Is there any objection?
I don't see any.
I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendments 3 to 5 to the draft resolution, which were rejected by the Committee with a two-thirds majority, be declared as definitely rejected. Is that so? I'll ask the Chairperson of the Committee.
Yes, that looks like it is. If there are no objections, I will consider the amendments to be rejected.
Is there any objection? That is not the case.
Then I call Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES to support Amendment 6. You have 30 seconds.
Thank you, Madam President,
So this is simply a question of balancing the report insofar as the report rightly states that the Parliamentary Assembly has unequivocally condemned the terrorist attacks perpetrated by Hamas. The aim here is also to highlight the events that have taken place since the dramatic events, the massacres that have taken place in Gaza since 7 October, and the responsibility of Israel, which is also being prosecuted under international law.
It's a question of balancing the report and bringing it into line with the previous report, adopted here in plenary.
Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?
Mr Pablo HISPÁN, 30 seconds.
Thank you, Ms. Chair.
The report is a very balanced report that addresses the situation in Syria and Iran.
So we think that it's not necessary to reopen a debate about Gaza and about other issues that have been addressed by other reports of this Assembly.
What is the opinion of the committee on the amendment?
Italy, ECPA, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
12:43:17
It was rejected.
Thank you very much. Then we now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
So, the amendment is rejected.
I now call Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES to support Amendment 7.
You have 30 seconds again.
Thank you, Madam President.
The purpose of this report is for the Assembly to express its deep concern at the fact that the peace talks, which have certainly begun for Gaza, and the ceasefire is only partially being respected by one of the parties. We spoke about this yesterday.
I think it is worth pointing out here that the massacres are not over and that Palestinian civilians, including humanitarian aid workers and educational and medical staff, are still being massacred.
Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?
Mr Pablo HISPÁN?
Thank you, Madam Chair.
Again, this is a report that focuses on the situation in Iran and Syria. I think it's not good to reopen debates about issues that have been treated in other reports about the situation in Gaza. We had a very broad debate yesterday about that and I think it's good not to mix different circumstances.
Thank you.
What is the opinion of the committee on the amendment?
Italy, ECPA, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
12:45:16
Rejected by the Committee.
A point of order?
I think we are obliged by the rules to say that it was rejected by a narrow majority.
It was one vote difference in the Committee. I think this is the rules.
No, no, it's the rules. We should say if it's a narrow majority.
With all the respect for the President, I don't think that...
Thank you for the clarification.
Okay, I will continue.
So the amendment was rejected by the Committee.
I put the amendment to the vote now.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I ask to display the results:
The amendment is not carried.
We now move to Amendment 1.
I understand that Ms Azadeh ROJHAN wishes to withdraw Amendment 1 in favour of an oral amendment.
Is this so, Ms Azadeh ROJHAN? I don't see her.
Does anybody else wish to move this oral amendment?
If this is not the case, we don't have an oral amendment.
Okay. Sorry.
I have received an oral amendment presented by Mr Piero FASSINO, which reads as follows: in the draft resolution, paragraph 6: third sentence, after the word "protesters", to add the words: "killing thousands".
The President may accept an oral amendment on the grounds of promoting clarity, accuracy or conciliation and if there is no opposition from 10 or more members to it being debated.
In my opinion, the oral amendment meets the criteria of Rule 34.7.a.
Is there any opposition to the amendment being debated? I don't see any. So does anybody wish... Yeah. This is not the case.
Therefore, I call... sorry, it's my very first time that I have oral amendments here.
I therefore call Mr Piero FASSINO to support Oral Amendment 1. You have 30 seconds.
My oral amendment replaces the figure of 30 000 victims with thousands and thousands. This is only because in recent weeks we have had different amounts of victims from many sources: 30 000, those who said 6 000, 3 000. Yesterday, a British source spoke of 50 000. So, I don't think we have to legitimise one source over another. What is true, is that there were thousands and thousands of victims and my oral amendment makes that clear.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
The committee is obviously in favour.
Italy, ECPA, Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy
12:49:03
Unanimously approved.
I shall now put the oral amendment to a vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I ask to display the result. So, the amendment is carried.
We proceed now to Amendment 4.
I call Mr George LOUCAIDES to support Amendment 4. You have 30 seconds, George.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
We are talking about the humanitarian situation after the siege in Kobani in this amendment. This amendment, as it was sub-amended by our rapporteur, was, I think, unanimously voted in the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy.
So, as it was sub-amended, I call you to support it.
Thank you.
Indeed, I have been informed that Mr Piero FASSINO wishes to propose an oral sub-amendment as follows.
In Amendment 4, delete the words "under the command of Mohammad AL-JOLANI", in brackets Ahmad AL SAHAR.
The amendment, as amended, would read, "the Assembly expresses deep concern that Kobane, where ISIS was first defeated in 2015, is once again under siege after 11 years, this time by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), ISIS elements etc."
In my opinion, the oral sub-amendment is in order under our rules. However do 10 or more members object to that oral sub-amendment?
That is not the case.
Does anybody wish to speak against the oral sub-amendment?
That is also not the case.
What is the opinion of the mover of the main amendment? But Mr George LOUCAIDES already expressed his support to this sub-amendment.
The Committee is also in favour, so I will put now the oral sub-amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I ask for the results be displayed.
The oral sub-amendment is carried.
We will now consider the main amendment, as amended.
Does anybody want to speak against the amended amendment?
That does not seem to be the vote. The opinion of the Committee was also in favour, I assume?
Yes. Then I put now Amendment 4, as amended, to the vote and the vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I'll ask to display the results.
And the amendment as sub-amended is carried.
We will now consider the main amendment, as amended.
Does any... we now come to Amendment number two?
[Off mic] No, it's a resolution, perfect.
So now we come to the draft resolution which will need a simple majority.
I will now open, proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Document 16336, as amended.
A simple majority is required and the vote is open. Thank you.
The vote is closed. I call for the results to be displayed.
Congratulations. The draft resolution in Doc. 16336, as amended, is adopted.
The Assembly will hold its next public sitting this afternoon at 4:30 p.m. with the agenda approved on Monday.
The sitting is adjourned.