Election of judges to the European Court of Human Rights

List and curricula vitae of candidates submitted by the Government of Spain

Communication | Doc. 16465 | 03 September 2026

Author(s):

Secretary General of the Parliamentary Assembly

Contents

1List and curricula vitae of candidates submitted by the Government of Spain

2Information on the national selection procedure for candidates for election as judge to the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Spain

Appendix 1– Curriculum vitae of Luis JIMENA QUESADA

Appendix 2– Curriculum vitae of Ana María SALINAS DE FRIAS

Appendix 3 – Curriculum vitae of Daniel SARMIENTO RAMIREZ-ESCUDERO

1 List and curricula vitae of candidates submitted by the Government of Spain [(1) The curricula vitae were submitted by the Government of Spain in English and French.]

Letter from Ms Rosa Velázquez Álvarez, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Spain to the Council of Europe, to Ms Despina Chatzivassiliou, Secretary General of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, dated 16 July 2026.

Madam Secretary General,

In accordance with instructions, I have the honour to reply to your letter of 8 August 2025 concerning the list of candidates for the election of a judge to the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Spain.

The selection procedure was published by Order PJC/2025/2026 of 11 March 2026, in accordance with the provisions of Article 3 of Royal Decree 972/2020 of 10 November 2020, which regulates the selection procedure for the nomination of candidates by the Kingdom of Spain with a view to the appointment of members of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights.

Pursuant to the decision of the Council of Ministers of 26 May 2026, the following candidates are proposed, in alphabetical order:

• Mr Luis Jimena Quesada
• Ms Ana María Salinas de Frías
• Mr Daniel Sarmiento Ramírez-Escudero

I would be grateful if you could forward this information, together with the attached documents, which include the CVs of the three candidates, to the Committee on the Election of Judges to the European Court of Human Rights.

(…)

2 Information on the national selection procedure for candidates for election as judge to the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Spain

Extracts from the Certification regarding the proposed shortlist of three candidates, as prepared by the secretary of the Selection Committee, 22 June 2026:

(…)

2.The call for candidates to replace the judge currently representing Spain, Ms María Elósegui Itxaso, was made in Order PJC/205/2026 of 11 March 2026, launching the selection process for the nomination by the Kingdom of Spain of three candidates for election as judge to the European Court of Human Rights (https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2026-5731), which was amended by Order PJC/207/2026 of 12 March 2026, amending Order PJC/205/2026 of 11 March 2026 (https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2026-5897).

The legal basis of said order launching the selection process lies in Royal Decree 972/2020 of 10 November 2020, regulating the selection process for the proposal of candidates by the Kingdom of Spain when nominating members for the Court of Justice of the European Union and of the European Court of Human Rights.

3.The selection process was publicised by means of the publication of the aforementioned Order launching the selection process in the Official State Gazette (BOE) of 11 March 2026 and publication of the subsequent correction of errors, as well as by means of its posting on the noticeboard of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

4.The Selection Committee was created by virtue of the aforementioned Order PJC/205/2026 and comprised the following members:

• Mr Diego Martínez Belío, State Secretary for Foreign and Global Affairs, as Chair of the Committee.
• Mr Manuel Olmedo Palacios, State Secretary for Justice;
• Mr Alberto Herrera Rodríguez, Under-Secretary of the Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Parliamentary Relations.
• Ms Gema Espinosa Conde, appointed to the Committee by the General Council of the Judiciary.
• Ms Paz Andrés Sáenz de Santa María, in her capacity as a jurist of recognised competence with more than 15 years’ professional experience.
• Mr Alfonso Brezmes Martínez de Villarreal, appointed to the Committee by the Chief State Counsel, who acted as secretary and attended the meetings of the Committee with the right to speak, as a non-voting participant.

5.Of the 30 applications received, one candidate was excluded because they exceeded the maximum age limit.

Of the 29 candidates whose applications were accepted, 12 were women and 17 men.

Four of the candidates admitted withdrew their candidacies during the selection process.

6.The principles of merit and capability were respected during every phase of the process. The process also respected the principle of equal treatment between women and men in accessing public sector employment, in accordance with Organic Law 3/2007 of 22 March, on effective equality between women and men, as well as the principle of equal access to positions in the civil service and in public office set forth in Article 23.2 of the Constitution. The call for candidates also respected the principles of equality and non-discrimination of persons with disabilities. The corresponding minutes were written up for each session held by the Committee.

7.The Selection Committee met on seven occasions, on 13, 16, 17, 21 and 29 April and on 5 and 18 May 2026, to approve the list of candidates admitted, to interview candidates and to decide which candidates to propose to the Council of Ministers to be subsequently presented to the Council of Europe’s Advisory Panel of Experts on Candidates for Election as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights, pursuant to the provisions of the Order launching the selection process and of Royal Decree 972/2020.

The Committee conducted in-person interviews with all the candidates admitted, except for the 4 candidates who withdrew their candidacies during the selection process and another who failed to appear at the interview to which they had been invited.

The aim of said interviews was to be able to assess as best possible whether the candidates met the criteria set out in Article 21 of the European Convention on Human Rights, i.e. to determine whether they:

• are persons of high moral character
• and possess the qualifications required for appointment to high judicial office or be jurisconsults of recognised competence.

To assess the candidates on the basis of said criteria, the Selection Committee gave particular consideration to the criteria for evaluation of the qualifications of the candidates set out in Section V of the Fifth activity report for the attention of the Committee of Ministers, of 5 November [sic], prepared by the Advisory Panel of Experts on Candidates for Election as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights.

The same format was followed in all the interviews, with each candidate being asked questions by different members of the Committee on the following matters:

1 Candidate’s curriculum vitae and their reasons for applying for the position

2 Knowledge of the workings of the European Court of Human Rights

3 Knowledge of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights

All the interviews were held in English, French and Spanish, and attended by two accredited interpreters of the Office of Interpretation of Languages of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

8.After assessing the documentation provided by each candidate, and after concluding the interview process, on 18 May 2026 the Selection Committee decided by means of a majority vote on a shortlist of three candidates to propose to the Council of Ministers for the latter to approve, as the case might be, and submit to the Advisory Panel of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. The Selection Committee considered that the three candidates proposed were the most suitable of all the candidates that met the requirements established in the call for candidates, taking into account the merits and assessment criteria set out in the call’s rules, and considering the criteria, merits and capabilities of the candidates, applying, to this end, the assessment criteria established in Order PJC/205/2026 of 11 March, launching the selection process for the nomination by the Kingdom of Spain of three candidates for election as judge to the European Court of Human Rights, the order launching the selection process, as well as in the Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers on the selection of candidates for the post of judge at the European Court of Human Rights adopted on 28 March 2012, and the criteria for evaluation of the qualifications of the candidates set out in Section V of the Fifth activity report for the attention of the Committee of Ministers, of 5 November 2025, prepared by the Advisory Panel of Experts on Candidates for Election as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights.

9.The minutes of the Committee session held on 18 May 2026 reflect the following as regards the assessment of the candidates included on the shortlist proposed to the Council of Ministers:

Said candidates stood out, in the opinion of the majority of the Committee, firstly owing to their proficiency in law, including specifically their extensive knowledge of international public law, their understanding of the categories and general principles of the European Convention on Human Rights and their command of the case-law and proceedings of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as of the responsibilities of a judge of said Court, in terms of independence, impartiality and the necessary availability to work full time, together with extensive knowledge of the theory and/or practice of the legal system of other States Parties to the European Convention on Human Rights. Secondly, they provided evidence of extensive professional experience in a European or international context. And, lastly, they demonstrated excellent levels of linguistic competence in the two official languages of the Council of Europe.

The aforementioned members of the Committee based their proposal on the following grounds, set out individually for each of the three candidates:

Mr LUIS JIMENA QUESADA has proven, both in the documentation provided and during the interview conducted, significant understanding of the categories and general principles of the European Convention on Human Rights. Of particular note is his considerable professional experience in the field of human rights, as a Member and as President of the Council of Europe’s European Committee of Social Rights and as an independent person representing the Council of Europe before the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), and also as Substitute Judge of the High Court of Justice (Administrative Division) of the Autonomous Community of Valencia, where he has written more than four hundred judgments as Judge Rapporteur. He is currently an ad hoc judge representing Spain at the European Court of Human Rights and General Secretary of the International Institute of Human Rights, based in Strasbourg. During the interview he demonstrated an exhaustive knowledge of the categories of the European Convention on Human Rights system and of case-law, offering an in-depth exposition on the proceedings of the European Court of Human Rights, displaying robust legal reasoning and strong language skills in both English and French, including a command of the legal terminology necessary for deliberating and drafting judgments.

Ms ANA MARÍA SALINAS DE FRÍAS has proven, both in the documentation provided and during the interview conducted, substantial understanding of the categories and general principles of international public law and international relations, and in particular of the European Convention on Human Rights. Of particular note is her professional experience in the field of human rights, including both her work as a university researcher and professor and as an independent expert advisor to the Council of Europe. Currently an ad hoc judge representing Spain at the ECHR, she has extensive experience of training judges and prosecutors in the European human rights system, as well as in the field of research into human rights, having produced numerous publications and participated in several specialised forums. During the interview, she demonstrated extensive knowledge of the European Convention on Human Rights and of case-law, including of how case-law has evolved, referencing numerous specific judgments during the interview. She also displayed complete familiarity with the proceedings of the Court and strong communication skills, as well as substantial mastery of English and French, including of legal terminology.

Mr DANIEL SARMIENTO RAMÍREZ-ESCUDERO has proven, both in the documentation provided and during the interview conducted, extensive professional experience in the European judicial sphere, having been a legal secretary at the CJEU for 8 years, working as part of a team and participating in the drafting of documents on the European system for the protection of human rights. He is currently a practising lawyer specialising in litigation brought before the European courts; his procedural experience includes participation in numerous proceedings linked to fundamental rights. His academic work is also focused on human rights and the functioning of the European courts and he has produced numerous publications and collaborated with highly prestigious universities and institutions. During the interview he demonstrated strong legal and intellectual capabilities, substantial knowledge of the categories of the European Convention on Human Rights system and of the case-law and proceedings of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as excellent legal reasoning and the ability to communicate clearly, precisely and succinctly and an excellent command of English and French, making precise and appropriate use of legal terminology in both languages.

The above does not signify that some of the other candidates do not also possess highly significant strengths, but in the opinion of the majority of the Selection Committee, any comparison with those demonstrated by Mr Jimena, Ms Salinas and Mr Sarmiento is favourable to the latter three, who are deemed to have demonstrated more and greater strengths, as their résumés, knowledge, experience and capabilities considered together are more complete and more comprehensively and exhaustively meet the full set of assessment criteria. Therefore, it is the opinion of the majority of the Committee that these are the three candidates who must be included on the shortlist.

10.On 17 April, the Selection Committee was notified that an administrative appeal had been filed against the Order launching the selection process and against tacit exclusion from the process, by the candidate (…), with an application for the emergency relief provided for in Article 135 of the Act regulating the Administrative Jurisdiction, as well as of the submission by which the said candidate informed the Presidency, Justice and Parliamentary Relations of the provisional measures requested to suspend the selection process. Both the emergency relief and the provisional measures requested were rejected by the National High Court before the Selection Committee submitted its proposal to the Council of Ministers, and therefore the Selection Committee continued with its duties until it had submitted the proposal to the Council of Ministers.

11.The Council of Ministers, at its meeting of 26 May 2026, at the proposal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Co-operation and of the Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Parliamentary Relations, adopted a decision approving the shortlist of three candidates of the Kingdom of Spain for election as judge to the European Court of Human Rights proposed by the Selection Committee, and its conveyance to the Council of Europe’s Advisory Panel of Experts on Candidates for Election as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights.

The said decision was announced in Order PJC/513/2026 of 26 May 2026 of the Ministry of the Presidency of the Government, Justice and Parliamentary Relations, publishing the Decision of the Council of Ministers of 26 May 2026, approving the shortlist of three candidates of the Kingdom of Spain for election as judge to the European Court of Human Rights and its conveyance to the Council of Europe’s Advisory Panel of Experts on Candidates for Election as Judge to the European Court of Human Rights (Official State Gazette of 27 May 2026).

12.The aforementioned Decision of the Council of Ministers was contested by means of two administrative appeals filed by two candidates (…) on which a ruling has yet to be made.

On 16 June 2026, the Administrative Division of the Supreme Court issued two provisional measures orders in the aforementioned appeal proceedings rejecting said requests for suspension of the process.

(…)

Appendix 1 – Curriculum vitae of Luis JIMENA QUESADA

I. Personal details

Name: JIMENA QUESADA, Luis

Gender: male

Date and place of birth: 29 February 1968 in Massamagrell, Valencia, Spain

Nationality: Spanish

II. Education and academic, and other qualifications

Certificates and Diplomas:

• Law Degree (1990/1991) and PhD in Law – First European Doctor of Law in the University of Valencia (1995/1996).
• Certificate of Participation in the General Study Session of the International Institute of Human Rights (Strasbourg, 1992).
• Diploma in Constitutional Law and Political Science in the Centre for Constitutional Studies (current Master Degree, Madrid, 1993/1994). Awarded the Prize to the best Research Paper (title: “The idea of the Rule of Law in the European Convention on Human Rights”; “La idea del Estado de Derecho en el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos”).
• Diploma of the Collège Universitaire d’Études Fédéralistes (Aosta, Italy, 1990), as well as Diploma of the Europäische Akademie Bayern (Gauting-Munich, Germany, 1992), both in the framework of the Centre international de formation européenne.
• Diploma of the International Academy of Constitutional Law (Tunis, Tunisia, 1996).

Other qualifications:

• Director of Studies and General Coordinator in different General Study Sessions (1993, 2000 and 2001) at the International Institute of Human Rights (Strasbourg).
• Member of the jury (written and/or oral phases) of the René Cassin European Human Rights Competition (Moot Court Competition), held annually at the headquarters of the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights (Strasbourg), since 1994.

III. Relevant professional activities

a. Description of judicial activities

• Substitute Judge at the High Court of Justice (Supreme Court of the Valencia Region – administrative Chamber) since judicial year 1997/1998 till judicial year 2017/2018, where I have been the “Judge Rapporteur” of hundreds of judgments.
• In particular, see more than 400 judgments (408) where I have been the “Rapporteur Judge”/ “Magistrado Ponente” in the official database CENDOJ of the Spanish General Council of the JudiciaryConsejo General del Poder Judicial-: https://www.poderjudicial.es/search/indexAN.jsp. On the other hand, in 147 of such judgments, the case-law from the European Court of Human Rights has been explicitly cited (further to my name in “Ponente”, put “Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos” in the first item – “búsqueda por texto libre”– in the official search form). In addition, in 41 of the judgments where I have been the Judge Rapporteur, the case-law from the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has also been cited.

This shows that European Human Rights standards, as well as the so-called multi-level protection of human rights has always been taken into account not only in my academic background, but also in a consistent manner in my judicial experience.

• Ad Hoc Judge at the European Court of Human Rights (since 2019). My most significant participation as Ad Hoc Judge relates to the Case of Alonso Saura v. Spain, Judgment of 8 June 2023 (Application no. 18326/19), where I integrated the Chamber (Fifth Section) composed of seven judges. See such judgment in the HUDOC database of the Court: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#.

b. Description of non-judicial legal activities

- Former Member and President of the European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR) of the Council of Europe (2009-2014). See the HUDOC database of the European Social Charter (integrated with the HUDOC database of the ECtHR): https://hudoc.esc.coe.int/.

Obviously, my name appear in the framework of the adoption of many resolutions from the ECSR (“conclusions” in the context of the reporting system, as well as decisions – on the admissibility, on the merits or on immediate measures – in the context of the collective complaint procedure), where the case-law from both the Court of Strasbourg and the ECJ of Luxembourg has been often used and explicitly mentioned.

Of course, further to the case-law from both European Courts, other materials concerning International Human Rights Standards (e.g., from United Nations, the Human Rights Committee or the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, among other human rights treaty bodies) have also inspired the so-called case-law of the ECSR, mainly in the context of the collective complaint procedure, which has a clear judicial profile.

- Independent person (alternate) representing the Council of Europe in Management and Executive Boards of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) (2015-2020). During these five years (in touch with the independent person, Professor Rainer Hoffman, and eventually replacing him), I experienced in a very fruitful manner the synergies between the EU (and its member States) and the Council of Europe in the field of, among others, the links between the ECHR and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, as well as soft-law human rights instruments (related to asylum and migration, data protection and new technologies, non-discrimination, justice and victim’s rights, human rights systems and defenders, or environmental and social sustainability).

c. Description of non-legal professional activities

-

IV. Activities and experience in the field of human rights

As described (supra), my judicial and non-judicial legal activities have been marked by the realisation of human rights. Moreover, it is worth highlighting these other activities:

• Current Secretary General of the International Institute of Human Rights (IIHR)-René Cassin Foundation (Strasbourg) since January 2016 (three four-year mandates: 2016-2019, 2020-2023, and 2024-2027). During my first and second terms, it was a privilege to work with Jean-Paul Costa (President) and Françoise Tulkens (Vice-President).
• As a university lecturer and professor, since academic 1991/1992 (always working full-time), virtually all my teaching and research have focused on the constitutional and international protection of human rights. As can be seen from my full or detailed CV, I have taught not only at universities (Spain and abroad, across Europe, America and Africa), but also at police academies (Valencia), judicial academies (Spain, Brazil, Croatia), bar associations (Paris, Turin, Thessaloniki), external training sessions organised by the IIHR (Senegal), and activities for social agents and NGOs (Spain and other countries).

And experiences:

• With United Nations: as President of the European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR), I have held meetings and exchanges of views on human rights in Strasbourg and Geneva with United Nations human rights bodies, specialised agencies, e.g. International Labour Organization (ILO), High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and special/thematic rapporteurs.
• With the Council of Europe: as President of ECSR, meetings and exchanges of views on human rights with the Court and the other main institutions of the Council of Europe (Parliamentary Assembly, Committee of Ministers, Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, Conference of International NGO, Commissioner for Human Rights, etc.).
• With the European Union: again, as President of the ECSR, meetings and exchanges of views on human rights with the Court of Justice and the other main institutions and bodies of the EU (European Parliament, European Commission, FRA or European Economic and Social Committee). Another interesting experience: in 2006, expert in Zagreb in the framework of the “Twinning project” (CARDS 2003 Programme for Croatia) funded by the EU on «The European Convention on Human rights and its impact on judges and prosecutors daily work».

V. Public activities

a. Public office

• Post held at present: full professor (“Catedrático”) of Constitutional Law since 2009 and member of the Human Rights Institute (University of Valencia; in academic year 1991/1992 I got a competition as an assistant – “profesor ayudante”– within the Constitutional Law Department). Since 1991/1992 till current academic year 2025/2026 always full-time at the University of Valencia (in academic year 2004/2005 at the University Jaume I of Castellón), where I have taught all topics related to the constitutional and international protection of human rights. In addition, since academic year 2007/2008 I am teaching in English, among others, the topics “Constitutional Law II” (which deals with the Constitutional Fundamental Rights System, as well as the European Human Rights System) and “European Union Law” (which approaches the synergies between the ECJ and the Court).
• Furthermore, as guest professor and lecturer in many foreign Universities and Institutions in Europe, Africa and America, I have given (see my full or detailed CV) more than 400 lectures in Spanish, Catalan, French, English or Italian (185 abroad and 237 in Spain), many of them on the European Convention on Human Rights and the Case-Law from the Court.

b. Elected posts

Only in the framework of the University of Valencia:

• Member of the Academic Senate of the University of Valencia from academic year 1993/1994 until academic year 1996/1997, and currently since academic year 2025/2026 (elections last 20 November 2025).
• Member of the Board of the Law Faculty from academic year 1993/1994 until academic year 1998/1999 academic year.
• Representative of the Constitutional Law Department within the Research Committee of the University of Valencia during academic years 1992/93, 2000/2001, 2001/2002 and 2002/2003.
• Representative of the Constitutional Law Department within the Law Faculty Academic Committee for the Recognition of Topics taught in other national or foreign Universities (responsible for issuing the required reasoned reports) since academic year 1999/2000.
• Representative of the Constitutional Law Department within the Law Faculty Committee for the Recognition of Foreign Qualifications and Degrees (responsible for organising and correcting the exams on Constitutional Law) since the 2007/2008 academic year.

c. Posts held in a political party or movement

-

VI. Other activities

• Member and President of the Spanish Committee (Law Section) of Independent Experts for the Assessment of the University Activity Research (ANECA – The National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation of Spain, concerning the Spanish Higher Education System) (years 2014 and 2015).
• Expert in Montevideo (Uruguay) on “Legislative Technique” in the framework of the Uruguayan Parliament’s Support Project, funded by the European Commission (code URY/B7-310/1B/2000/0011); May-August 2004.
• Before becoming member of the European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR), independent expert having taken part in some official missions organised by the Secretariat of the European Social Charter in the framework of the “Third Summit Action Plan” launched in Warsaw in 2005 by the Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europe.
• More recently, I have been collaborating with other institutions of the Council of Europe: e.g., I have been the author of the report “Social rights of young people: the role of local and regional authorities”, which has become the “exposé de motifs” of Resolution 442(2019) and Recommendation 433(2019) from the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities (official versions of such Resolution, Recommendation and “exposé de motifs” in: https://rm.coe.int/les-droits-sociaux-des-jeunes-le-role-des-pouvoirs-locaux-et-regionaux/1680932eb0 (French) and https://rm.coe.int/social-rights-of-young-people-the-role-of-local-and-regional-authoriti/1680932eaf (English), page 7, footnote 8; March-September 2018.

VII. Publications and other works

Author of several hundred publications in the fields of Constitutional Law and International Human Rights Law, including 17 books, 287 articles and chapters (70 international and 217 national), as well as 111 other publications (17 international and 94 national, including book prefaces, reviews, commentaries and translations of Court judgments).

These are my 10 most important titles (only books -single author, with the exception of number 9) directly related to Judicial Protection of Human Rights at Constitutional, European and International Levels:

1 La Europa social y democrática de Derecho (1997, 370 pages) [The Social and Democratic Europe of Law].

2 El principio de unidad del Poder Judicial y sus peculiaridades autonómicas (2000, 197 pages) [The principle of unity of the Judiciary and its regional particularities].

3 European Constitution and Competition Policy. Focus on conflicts between freedom of enterprise and other fundamental rights (2005, 128 pages).

4 Sistema europeo de derechos fundamentales (2006, 270 pages) [European System of Fundamental Rights].

5 La Jurisprudencia del Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2007, 446 pages [The Case-Law from the European Committee of Social Rights].

6 Dignidad humana y justicia universal en España (2008, 254 pages) [Human Dignity and Universal Jurisdiction in Spain].

7 Jurisdicción nacional y control de convencionalidad. A propósito del diálogo judicial global y la tutela multinivel de derechos (2013, 174 pages) [National Courts and Control of Conventionality. On Judicial Dialogue and Multi-level protection of fundamental rights].

8 Social Rights and Policies in the European Union: New Challenges in a Context of Economic Crisis (2016, 158 pages).

9 [co-author with B. Tomás Mallén] Justicia y anonimización de datos personales (2021, 230 pages) [Justice and anonymisation of personal data], which includes a specific broad chapter (Third) under the title “The anonymisation of personal data in the European judicial field” (pages 113-206), which deals with the case-law from the Court, the case-law from the Court of Justice of the EU as well as the synergies between them.

10 René Cassin: Vocación por el constitucionalismo universal (2026, 281 pages) [René Cassin: A commitment to universal constitutionalism].

VIII. Languages

Language	English	French	Catalan	Italian	German
Reading.	Advanced	Advanced	Advanced	Advanced	Basic
Writing.	Advanced	Advanced	Advanced	Intermediate
Listening.	Advanced	Advanced	Advanced	Advanced
Speaking.	Advanced	Advanced	Advanced	Advanced
How acquired?	O.S.L.*	O.S.L.		O.S.L. &Centro Leopardi	O.S.L

*Official School of Languages.

Language	Reading			Writing			Speaking
	very good	good	Fair	very good	Good	Fair	very good	good	fair
a. First language:
SPANISH (Mother Tongue)	X			X			X
b. Official languages:
– English	X			X			X
– French	X			X			X
c. Other languages:
- Valencian/Catalan	X			X			X
-Italian	X				X		X
-German			X

Advanced level of both English and French (official certificate from the Valencian Official School of Languages), as well as Advanced level of Valencian/Catalan (official certificate from the University of Valencia) and Italian (official certificate from the Official School of Languages –Valencia and Castellón– and “Centro Leopardi” in Valencia), as well as Basic level of German (2 up of 5 academic years at the Valencian Official School of Languages).

IX. Other relevant information

Awards and academic recognitions and distinctions:

• Awarded Doctor honoris causa by the National University of La Plata (Argentina).
• Extraordinary Doctoral Prize and Teaching Excellence Prize (both awarded by the University of Valencia).
• Member of the International Advisory Committee of the Marangopoulos Foundation for Human Rights (https://www.mfhr.gr/en/international-advisory-committee/
• Member of the organisation committee of the VI Meeting of Director of Human Rights Institutes (organised by the UNESCO in collaboration with the International Institute of Human Rights), held in the Council of Europe (December 1994).
• Representative of the University of Valencia in the framework of the Co-operation Agreement between the University of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo) and the University of Valencia (1999-2007).
• Distinguished or honorary citizen (Massamagrell municipality of twenty thousand inhabitants where I was born in 1968), awarded by unanimous decision of the town council in 2008.

X. Upgrading language skills

In the event that you do not meet the level of language proficiency required for the post of judge in an official language, please confirm your intention to follow intensive language classes of the language concerned prior to, and if need be also at the beginning of, your term of duty if elected a judge on the Court (please tick the box to confirm).

[X] Yes, I confirm. I meet the level of language proficiency (advanced level, officially certified) in both official languages of the Council of Europe (French and English).

XI. Residency in Strasbourg

Please confirm that you will take up permanent residence in Strasbourg if elected a judge on the Court (please tic the box to confirm).

[X] Yes, I confirm.

Appendix 2 – Curriculum vitae of Ana María SALINAS DE FRIAS

I. Personal details

Name: SALINAS DE FRIAS, Ana María

Gender: female

Date and place of birth: 10 July 1967 in Málaga, Spain

Nationality: Spanish

II. Education and academic, and other qualifications

1 September 1986 – June 1991, LL.M., University of Málaga, Spain; 5-year degree. First class honours. LL.M. Dissertation: “The Right of Baltic States to Self-Determination”. First class honours.

2 September 1991 – September 1992, Master Degree in International Law, EU Law and Spanish domestic legal system, University of Málaga, Spain. First class honours.

3 January 1992 – October 1996, Ph.D. in International Law; thesis on “The protection of Human Rights within the EU”, University of Málaga, Spain; First class honours. National grant awarded by the Spanish Government for developing her Ph.D. research.

4 June 1992; Specialised course on EU Law, European University Institute, Florence, Italy. English and French.

5 July 1992; Specialised course on Human Rights Law, International Institute of Human Rights, Strasbourg, France. Spanish, English and French.

6 July 1993 – August 1993, General Courses on Public and Private International Law, The Hague Academy of International Law, The Netherlands. English and French.

7 July 2006 – September 2006, Grant awarded by The Hague Academy of International Law for attending to the annual session of the Centre for Research of The Hague Academy, English section (only 10 participants from all over the world; 12 weeks intensive research period; English and French).

III. Relevant professional activities

a. Description of judicial activities

1. Appointed ad hoc judge on behalf of the Kingdom of Spain from April 2019 until now.

I first took part in the call for the post of sitting judge at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) on behalf of the Kingdom of Spain. My CV was accepted and I took part in the interview process but, finally, I was not elected. Once this procedure was completed, I took part in the call for the appointment of judges ad hoc by the Spanish Government, my nomination having been approved by the European Court at the instances of the Spanish Government.

2. Responsible for training Ukraine judges (2011) on the ECHR, TEJSU Project, Council of Europe. The training took place on two different dates (3-day course) and focused on main substantive provisions of the ECHR and related Court case law, from a theoretical and a practical approach.

3. Responsible for the development of the curricula of the HELP programme (EU/Council of Europe joint programme for training of legal professionals throughout Europe) on Prevention of Radicalisation and Violent Extremism in English and Spanish, addressed to European judges and prosecutors. These curricula include wide knowledge on current legal instruments on the issue and extensive reference to related European Court of Human Rights case law.

4. Responsible person for training of judges, magistrates and prosecutors. National Coordinator for Spain and academic coordinator, HELP course on “Countering radicalisation and violent extremism” (2018).

b. Description of non-judicial legal activities

Legal Advisor, DLAPIL, CoE (09/01/2009 – 31/12/2010). Legal advice delivered on International Law issues, e.g Parliamentary Assembly’s right to electing the Secretary General of the Council of Europe; entry into force of Treaty of Lisbon.

Assessment to CAHDI: drafting Protocol 14bis; working group on EU/ECHR Draft Accession Agreement. Assessment to CODEXTER: creation of the COP, Council of Europe Convention 196; organising international conferences (2009, 2014, 2017).

Independent Legal Expert (since 01/01/2011). Activity developed imply deep knowledge of content and functioning of the ECHR/Court and its case law: methodology followed; legal reasoning; rights’ content and pertinent case law by other international/constitutional courts; other international instruments. In particular: legal advice provided to governments (compatibility of the new Tunisian law on terrorism and Council of Europe human rights standards)

Assessment on training programs on human rights for civil servants (legal advisors, ombudspersons officials, public prosecutors, judges and magistrates) and State security bodies (policemen, prisons officers, military) (Turkey, 2012; Israel, 2014; Morocco, 2017; Mali, 2022).

Legal training on the fight against terrorism through specific programs (Albania, Armenia, Macedonia, Turkey, Jordan).

Training on different Council of Europe conventions (Ukraine, 2010 and 2011).

Drafting of legal reports/opinions: CDPC/PC-OC: “How to improve Council of Europe mechanisms on international legal co-operation on criminal matters and the terrorism foreign fighters phenomenon” (2015); CODEXTER: “Current links between Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime” (2017); CDCT: “Report on the definition of terrorism provided by UN sectoral Conventions” (2019); MEDICRIME Committee: “Feasibility and the legal nature of a Guidance note in the context of the MEDICRIME Convention” (2021); 6. Drafting publications at the instances of the Council of Europe.

Other organisations: CTED evaluation sessions (Marrakech, 2016: Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco, Libya, Tunis); UNODC judges & prosecutors’ training (Mali, 2022); UNODC workshop on human rights (Marrakech, 2023: Libyan, Jordan and Moroccan police, customs officers & law enforcement agents); CT-Inflow Conference (Malta, 2022; magistrates, judges, prosecutors; Iraq, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya).

c. Description of non-legal professional activities

Full professor, Public International Law, EU Law & International Relations, University of Málaga (Spain) (since 01/11/2000). Research and academic activities.

Research activity: scientific contributions in top standard periodicals (see VII). Team leader: coordinating research activities and publications; organising international conferences and publications; drafting and communicating research outputs.

National and international research projects (selection):

• EUSECRAL Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence 101240556, Human Dimension on EU policies at the border, 2025.
• “De facto regimes: de-territorialisation of States’ obligations and effects on human rights, human security and sustainable development”. Spanish, French, English.
• “Walls and contemporary international law: effects on Human Rights, human security and sustainable development”. Spanish, English.
• ERASMUS+2019-EAC/A03: Alliance of Universities for reinforcing teaching curricula on preventing and combating radicalisation & violent extremism within Asian societies”. English.
• RAN LOTE-2, DG HOME-2019-ISFP-PR-RADX-0075- Technical support for preventing and combating radicalisation. English.
• 599757-EPP-1-2018-1-ES-EPPJMO: “Globalizing the Union’s debate: Internal and External Leadership in an Era of Challenges”. Spanish, English, French, Portuguese.
• World Justice Project (Bill Gates Foundation): “Counter-terrorism and the Rule of Law (2008-2011)”. English.

Academic activity: teaching to national and international students (graduate, post graduate, doctoral) in universities/other institutions, Spain and abroad (ENA, France; IIDH, France; Emirates Diplomatic Academy, UAE). Teaching in many universities in Europe, Latin America, United States, Asia and Africa.

Presentations at specialised fora (selection): The Security Imperative and Counter-Terrorism, ILA, 2012, UK; International Law, Counter-Terrorism and the Concept of “Prevention”, ASIL, Washington, 2012; Links between terrorism and TOC, CODEXTER, Council of Europe, 2017; The new EU Regulation on withdrawal of terrorist contents from the Internet, EUROJUST, 2021; Contribution to the joint side event to the UNGA meeting, GCTF & The IIJ, New York, 2023, ECtHR and Art. 6 ECHR; Opening Conference “Garantías del debido proceso”, I Encuentro Altas Cortes de Colombia, 2025; GCTF Brussels Memorandum launch event, Brussels, 2025.

IV. Activities and experience in the field of human rights

Four main groups of activities: high-quality publications specialised on human rights (see VII); courses taught specifically on human rights (see III); presentations on human rights made at highly specialised fora; legal advice provided on human rights.

• Presentations on human rights at specialised fora (selection):

“La protección de los Derechos Fundamentales de carácter social y económico en la UE”, AEPDIRI, Andorra, 1993.

International Co-operation, CoE Colloquium “Bringing Terrorists to Justice: promoting the implementation of European Standards and documenting good practices”, Skopje, 2010.

“La protección del medio ambiente en la jurisprudencia del TEDH: un derecho del ciudadano y un objetivo de la UE”, Cursos de Derechos Humanos de Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2012.

“The role of the promotion and strengthening of economic, social and cultural rights in preventing terrorism”, NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme, Milan, 2014.

“Walls and persons in contemporary International Law”, Courses on Human Rights of San Sebastian, 2017.

• Legal Advice on Human Rights. Reports and expertise addressed to States’ authorities and/or IGOs (see also III):

“UN Reform, The Rule of Law, and Counter-Terrorism: How can past lessons inform future responses?”, UN, New York, 2012.

Report by the European Union Institute for Security Studies on “Co-operation to halt and avert mass atrocities”, Brussels, 2012.

Report on the compatibility of the new Israel law on terrorism and the ECHR and the Council of Europe Convention 196, Tel Aviv, 2014.

Legal assessment on the Council of Europe mechanisms on international legal co-operation on criminal matters and the terrorism foreign fighters’ phenomenon, Council of Europe Committee on Cooperation on Criminal Matters (PC-OC), 2015.

Report on current links between terrorism and TOC”. Council of Europe CDPC and Council of Europe CODEXTER, 2016.

Report on the definition of terrorism provided by UN sectoral Conventions, Working Group of CDCT, 2019.

Design: structure and contents of HELP on-line course on combating violent extremism and radicalisation conducive to terrorism.

Identification of best practices in prison with regard to radicalised prisoners’ human rights; design and implementation of prison policies on countering radicalisation in prisons.

Design: structure and contents of on-line CEPOL training course on Terrorism and TOC for European police forces.

V. Public activities

a. Public office

Deputy Dean for research, students and international relations, Faculty of Law, University of Málaga (1998-2003).

Deputy-Rector (Vice-President) University of Málaga, Spain, (2004-2009). Main activities: Vice-president for Researching and for Doctorate studies; Chairperson of the Doctoral Commission, University of Málaga; responsible person for approval of Ph.D and master’s degree programmes; head of University of Malaga Library; head of the University of Málaga Publications Service and Chairperson of its Scientific Council; representation of the University of Málaga in meetings at national and international levels.

Legal advisor, DLAPIL, Council of Europe (2009-2011)

UNICAJA BANK Foundation, Member of the Board (Patronato) (since 2022). Main tasks: active contribution to the design and planning of social support activities; wide intervention in cultural and sport activities. As main stakeholder of UNICAJA Bank, approval of most important economic decisions adopted by the Bank.

Full professor and Chair of Public International Law and International Relations at the University of Málaga.

b. Elected posts

Member of the Board, European Society of International Law (ESIL) (2020-2026, two terms). Organisation of international scientific activities: annual conferences, interest groups seminars, research fora, etc., for associated and non-associated members; close co-operation with legal practitioners in the concerned fields as well as with international organisations; co-operation with other brother societies at the national and international level.

Deputy-President of the Spanish Society of International Law (2018-2021). Main tasks: coordination of three scientific branches in Spain: Public International Law, Private International Law and International Relations as for seminars and other scientific activities of associated members; coordination of university teaching curricula as for the three aforementioned branches all over Spain; close co-operation with legal practitioners in the three fields, as well as with international organisations.

President of the Spanish Society of International Law (AEPDIRI) (2021-2025). Main tasks: same tasks (see above). Also representing the Society in other conferences, meetings, etc.

Member of the Real Academy of Legislation and Jurisprudence of Granada, elected by unanimity (since 2023). Main tasks: widening the knowledge of Law and its national and international implementation.

c. Posts held in a political party or movement

No membership of any political organisation or trade union.

ZONTA International: NGO devoted to women’s empowerment and protection of women and children with a consultative status before ECOSOC, UN. Member and secretary of the ZONTA International-Málaga branch (2011-2013). Tasks: technical advice, data analysis, creation of a women rights’ observatory, fieldwork with children and teenager girls at refuge house.

Member of Red Cross Spain, ACNUR (UNHCR).

VI. Other activities

1. Membership of scientific associations:

a Spanish Society of International Law and International Relations (AEPDIRI) (since 1993).

b Spanish Association for the Study of European Law (AEDEUR) (since 2012).

c European Society of International Law (ESIL) (since 2003).

2. Membership of scientific or advisory boards, etc.

a Member of the Consultative Council: La Casa de la Paz, Lientea 1, 20003 San Sebastián (2010-2015).

b Revista Jurídica Ius Gentium, ISSN: 1981-8033, Rua do Rosário, 147, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil (2005-2012).

c Spanish Yearbook of International Law, ISSN: 9789004264748, AEPDIRI, Escuela Diplomática, Av. Juan XXIII, Madrid (2013-2018).

d Cursos de Derechos Humanos de Vitoria Gastéiz, ISSN: 978-84-9860-040-7, Servicio Editorial Universidad País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya (since 2012).

3. Experience as a peer-reviewer for the following journals:

1 Revista Electrónica de Estudios Internacionales (www.reei.org; ISSN: 1697-5197).

2 Journal of Conflict and Security Law (JCSL; Oxford University Press; ISSN: 1467-7954).

3 Revista General de Derecho Europeo (Iustel; ISSN: 1696-9634).

4 Revista de Derecho Político (UNED; ISSN: 0211-979X).

5 Spanish Yearbook of International Law (SYIL; ISSN: 0928-0634).

6 Revista Española de Derecho Internacional (REDI; ISSN: 0034-9380).

7 Anuario de Derecho Internacional (ADI; ISSN: 0928-0634).

VII. Publications and other works

Total number of specialised publications on International and European Law: 72

Ten most relevant publications specifically related to Human Rights:

1 "La protección de los Derechos Fundamentales en la Unión Europea (The protection of fundamental rights within the EU)”, Granada, 2000.

2 “La ampliación de la UE a los países de Europa oriental y los Derechos Humanos (EU expansion to East European countries and Human Rights)”, 43/44 Cuadernos Constitucionales (2003), 69-77.

3 “Detención, garantias esenciales y estado de derecho en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (Detention, fundamental guarantees and rule of law in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights)”, 79 Revista de Derecho Político (2010), 285-333.

4 “Counter-terrorism and Human Rights in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights”, Strasbourg, 2012.

5 “Counter-Terrorism. International Law and Practice”, Oxford University Press, 2012.

6 “La adhesion de la UE a la Convención Europea de Derechos Humanos y a la Carta Social Europea (EU accession to the European Convention of Human Rights and to the European Social Charter)” in Tratado sobre protección de derechos sociales, Valencia 2014, 391-418.

7 “Extraterritorial Application of the ECHR: A Relevant Contribution of Regionalism to Peace and Security”, Select Proceedings of the European Society of International Law, Hart Publishing, 2015, 1-19.

8 “La insuficiente protección jurídico-internacional de los migrantes irregulares víctimas de trata (Insufficient international legal protection of irregular migrants being victims of human trafficking)”, 73 REDI (2021-1), 161-175.

9 “Los efectos jurídicos derivados de la pérdida de la condición de Estado miembro del Consejo de Europa por la Federación Rusa (Legal effects as a consequence of missing Council of Europe’s member state status by the Russian Federation)”, 74 REDI (2022-2), 103-126.

10 “La reforma interminable del TEDH: ¿una nueva lógica en la protección de los derechos humanos? (The endless reform of the ECtHR: a new logic in the protection of human rights?), 63 RGDE (2024-1), 1-35.

VIII. Languages

Language	English	French	Spanish
Reading	C2	C2	L1
Writing	C2	C2	L1
Listening	C2	C2	L1
Speaking	C2	C2	L1
How acquired?	Official school of Languages	Official School of Languages/Alliance Française	Mother language

IX. Other relevant information

1 Co-operation with the Regional Institute for Women Rights. Tasks: technical advice, mediation, legal advice in litigation, case-law analysis, contribution to the Institute’s scientific publications and divulgation activities.

2 Informative activities (panels, conferences, workshops, round tables) on Human Rights Law and EU Law in co-operation with civil society (ONGs, civil servants, groups of aged and retired people, professional associations, juvenile associations, etc.).

X. Upgrading language skills

In the event that you do not meet the level of language proficiency required for the post of judge in an official language, please confirm your intention to follow intensive language classes of the language concerned prior to, and if need be also at the beginning of, your term of duty if elected a judge on the Court (please tick the box to confirm).

[X] Yes, I confirm.

XI. Residency in Strasbourg

Please confirm that you will take up permanent residence in Strasbourg if elected a judge on the Court (please tick the box to confirm).

[X] Yes, I confirm

Appendix 3 – Curriculum vitae of Daniel SARMIENTO RAMIREZ-ESCUDERO

I. Personal details

Name: SARMIENTO RAMIREZ-ESCUDERO, Daniel

Gender: male

Date and place of birth: 14 December 1975 in Bilbao, Spain

Nationality: Spanish

II. Education and academic, and other qualifications

Daniel Sarmiento is Professor of European Union Law and Administrative Law at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and a recognised scholar in European constitutional and human rights law.

He studied law at the University of Granada, graduating with honours (1999), and later obtained his doctorate at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (2003), where he was awarded the Extraordinary Doctoral Prize.

His academic training has been complemented by extensive research experience at leading European institutions, including the University of Oxford and the Max Planck Institute for International and European Procedural Law in Luxembourg.

Professor Sarmiento has developed an academic career devoted to European constitutional law, fundamental rights protection and the functioning of European courts. His research focuses on the interaction between the European Convention on Human Rights, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and national constitutional traditions.

He has taught and lectured at numerous leading European universities and institutions, including Oxford, Cambridge, Paris-Sorbonne, Bocconi, Leiden, the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna and the Max Planck Society.

III. Relevant professional activities

a. Description of judicial activities

From 2007 to 2015 Daniel Sarmiento served as référendaire (legal secretary) at the Court of Justice of the European Union, working in the chambers of Advocates General Ruiz-Jarabo Colomer, Cruz Villalón and Eleanor Sharpston.

In this capacity he participated directly in the preparation of several landmark cases in the field of fundamental rights and constitutional law in Europe, such as Åkerberg Fransson on the scope of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Ruiz Zambrano on the substance of rights attached to EU citizenship, and eDate Advertising on jurisdiction and the protection of personality rights in the digital environment, inter alia.

His work at the Court of Justice involved participation in the drafting of legal internal documents, Opinions of Advocates General, comparative constitutional analysis and the interpretation of European fundamental rights instruments. It also required constant engagement with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the broader European system of rights protection.

Between 2006 and 2008 he also acted as legal advisor to the Spanish Supreme Court on issues concerning the interpretation and application of European law, including matters related to the implementation of the European Convention of Human Rights.

b. Description of non-judicial legal activities

Professor of European Union Law at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

Daniel Sarmiento is an ANECA-accredited professor and currently holds the posts of full professor of Administrative Law and European Union Law at the Universidad Complutense de f Madrid, professor of European Constitutional Law at Bocconi University in Milan, associate professor at IE University, and professor at the Diplomatische Akademie in Vienna.

Practising lawyer specialised in litigation in European courts.

Following his experience at the Court of Justice, Professor Sarmiento has developed an extensive practice in European litigation. He has acted as lead counsel mainly in proceedings before the Court of Justice and the General Court of the EU, representing member States, EU institutions, non-governmental organisations and private parties in complex disputes concerning EU constitutional law, internal market regulation and the protection of fundamental rights.

His litigation practice covers a broad range of areas, including constitutional litigation concerning the rule of law and judicial independence, transparency and access to documents, consumer protection, and the compatibility of national regulatory frameworks with European law. He has participated in proceedings concerning the protection of judicial independence and the enforcement of European values under Article 2 TEU, issues closely connected to the broader European framework for the protection of democracy and fundamental rights.

In addition, Professor Sarmiento is Editor-in-Chief of EU Law Live, a widely specialized platform providing analysis of developments in European law and the jurisprudence of European courts.

He also provides pro bono legal advice through initiatives assisting civil society organisations working in the field of fundamental rights and the rule of law in Europe.

c. Description of non-legal professional activities

Professor Sarmiento has played an active role in European academic and institutional networks devoted to the study and dissemination of European law and human rights.

He has specialised and directed numerous international conferences and seminars devoted to constitutional developments in Europe, judicial co-operation and the protection of fundamental rights. These activities have been conducted in co-operation with leading institutions such as the College of Europe, the Max Planck Institute and Fundación FIDE.

He has also served as co-director of the Forum on Procedural Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, jointly with the Max Planck Institute in Luxembourg and the Luxembourg Centre for European Law.

Professor Sarmiento contributes regularly to the public debate on European law and human rights through academic publications, public lectures and contributions to specialised legal platforms.

He has also served on the editorial and advisory boards of several European law journals and acts as an external reviewer for international academic publications and research institutions.

IV. Activities and experience in the field of human rights

The protection of fundamental rights in Europe has been a central focus of Daniel Sarmiento’s academic and professional career.

As référendaire at the Court of Justice of the European Union he worked on several landmark cases concerning the interpretation and application of fundamental rights in the European legal order. These included judgments clarifying the scope of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, the principle of ne bis in idem, and the protection of personal rights in the digital environment.

His academic work has extensively analysed the development of fundamental rights protection in Europe, with particular attention to the relationship between the European Convention on Human Rights, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and national constitutional traditions.

He has published numerous studies on judicial dialogue between European courts, the role of fundamental rights in European integration and the constitutional dimension of European citizenship.

Professor Sarmiento has also delivered specialised training programmes on human rights and European judicial protection at universities and professional training institutions throughout Europe. These programmes have included courses on the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, the protection of judicial independence, and the interaction between the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice and that of the European Court of Human Rights.

He has organised seminars dedicated specifically to the protection of the rule of law and judicial independence in Europe, including events analysing the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in these fields.

In his professional practice he has participated in litigation concerning the protection of judicial independence and the enforcement of European values, issues closely related to the broader European framework of fundamental rights protection.

Through his academic research, litigation practice and institutional engagement, Professor Sarmiento has developed a comprehensive understanding of the European human rights system and of the interaction between national courts, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights.

V. Public activities

a. Public office

Daniel Sarmiento served as legal advisor to the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency in the years 2004 to 2006 on matters relating to constitutional and European law.

b. Elected posts

None

c. Posts held in a political party or movement

None

VI. Other activities

Vice-President of the Spanish Association for the Study of European Law (Asociación Española para el Estudio del Derecho Europeo, AEDEUR), Spanish branch of the Fédération Internationale pour le Droit Européen.

He is also co-President of the Spanish chapter of the International Society of Public Law (ICON-S), an international network of scholars and practitioners working on constitutional and public law issues.

He regularly acts as an external evaluator for academic journals and international research institutions and has participated in evaluation panels for European research grants.

VII. Publications and other works

Professor Sarmiento is the author of several monographs and more than one hundred academic publications on European constitutional law, fundamental rights and the judicial system of the European Union.

His work has contributed significantly to the academic understanding of the interaction between the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and national constitutional courts.

Selected publications:

• Las Sentencias Básicas del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Estudio y Jurisprudencia, Thomson-Civitas, 2007.
• El Control de Proporcionalidad de la Actividad Administrativa, Tirant lo Blanch, 2004.
• Poder Judicial e Integración Europea, Thomson-Civitas, 2004.
• “Who’s Afraid of the Charter? The Court of Justice, National Courts and the New Framework of Fundamental Rights Protection in Europe”, Common Market Law Review, 2013.
• El Soft Law Administrativo, Thomson-Civitas, 2008.
• El Derecho de la Unión Europea, Marcial Pons, 5th ed., 2025.
• Curso de Derecho de la Unión Europea, 3rd ed., Marcial Pons, 2025.
• The Law of the European Union, Hart Publishing, 2025
• “The Principle of Ne Bis in Idem in EU Law”, Cambridge University Press, 2014.

VIII. Languages

Language	English	French
Reading	C1	C1
Writing	C1	C2
Listenin	C1	C2
Speakin	C1	C2
How acquired?	Primary and secondary education / Professional activity	Primary and secondary education / Professional activity

IX. Other relevant information

-

X. Upgrading language skills

In the event that you do not meet the level of language proficiency required for the post of judge in an official language, please confirm your intention to follow intensive language classes of the language concerned prior to, and if need be also at the beginning of, your term of duty if elected a judge on the Court (please tick the box to confirm).

[X] Yes, I confirm.

XI. Residency in Strasbourg.

Please confirm that you will take up permanent residence in Strasbourg if elected a judge on the Court (please tick the box to confirm).

[X] Yes, I confirm.