Europe is facing a profound demographic challenge, with birth rates declining, populations ageing, and rural areas losing residents at an alarming pace. In this resolution, the Parliamentary Assembly identifies a broad range of interconnected causes — from housing costs and economic insecurity to gender inequality and environmental anxiety — and calls on Council of Europe member states to adopt comprehensive, long-term strategies to support families in all their diversity. Key recommendations include improving access to affordable childcare and housing, expanding and fairly compensating parental leave, tackling workplace discrimination against parents, promoting equal sharing of care responsibilities between partners, and ensuring that tax and pension systems do not penalise those who take time out of work to raise children. The Assembly stresses that demographic policy must respect every individual's right to make free and informed choices about parenthood, whilst also recognising the broader social value of committed relationships and family life. It further underlines that migration, active ageing, and territorial cohesion all have vital roles to play alongside family-support measures in building resilient, sustainable societies across Europe.