Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
15:32:41
So, dear colleagues,
The sitting is open.
I remind members that in order to be registered for the sitting, you should insert your badge when you take your seat and keep it inserted for at least 30 seconds.
You should also insert your badge in order to speak or vote. To request the floor, please press the "request" button once. Just once.
I also remind the Assembly that members who have not submitted an annual declaration of interest are required to start any intervention with an oral declaration of interests under Paragraph 20 of the Code of Conduct for Members of the Parliamentary Assembly.
We will now continue the debate on the Progress Report of the Bureau and the Standing Committee (Document 16484, with Addendums 1 and 2), which was presented by Mr Mogens JENSEN.
With this, we are considering the report by the Ad Hoc Committee of the Bureau on Observation of the parliamentary elections in Armenia (7 June 2026), (Document 16486), revised, presented by Mr Damien COTTIER and the report by the Ad Hoc Committee on Observation of the early elections to the Assembly of Kosovo (7 June 2026), (Document 16480), presented by Mr Iulian BULAI.
We will now continue hearing from registered speakers. I remind members that the debate will end by 4:40 p.m. and the speaking time limit is 3 minutes.
In the debate, I call next Mr George LOUCAIDES, the floor is yours.
Cyprus, UEL, Spokesperson for the group
15:34:46
Thank you very much, Madam Chairperson.
On behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left (UEL) Group, I would like to thank our rapporteurs for their work.
Dear colleagues,
Our commitment to peace and human rights must be reflected in the priorities we fund and the political choices we make.
Since June, the illegal war waged by the United States and Israel against Iran has continued to threaten regional peace. Renewed increases in fuel prices are deepening the cost of living crisis.
And who is paying the price? Working people, pensioners, the middle class and small businesses, through higher bills and shrinking purchasing power. Families struggling with unaffordable housing face further hardship. Yet, as social needs grow, the European Union has chosen a course of militarisation, enabling a massive increase in military spending.
Fiscal rules are relaxed for armaments, while social investment remains constrained. Citizens are entitled to ask why resources can be mobilised for weapons, while housing, health care and education remain underfunded. These priorities deepen inequalities and weaken the social protection on which millions depend.
Governments must protect wages and pensions, strengthen public services and invest in affordable housing. Excessive profits should be taxed to help finance these needs. But how credible are we, even if we address the consequences of war, without confronting those responsible?
In June, dear colleagues, our Assembly welcomed ceasefire initiatives, yet presented American and Israeli attacks as a response to Iran's actions. Repression in Iran cannot justify war against its people and violation of international law. We must condemn this illegal war, demand its immediate end and press our governments to act.
We rightly condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Applying different standards to the United States and Israel undermines our credibility and international law itself.
Meanwhile, the far right exploits social insecurity and distrust in democratic institutions. It directs anger against migrants, minorities and LGBTQI people. And of course, it diverts attention from the neoliberal policies and powerful interests responsible for increasing inequality. The danger grows when other political forces adopt its language and policies, normalising discrimination and weakening safeguards that protect everyone.
The Council of Europe must firmly oppose this development. That requires defending equal rights without concessions and addressing the social injustice that allows the far right to claim it speaks for those our institutions have failed. Restoring trust requires us to strengthen the Council of Europe's capacity to act. Its credibility depends on applying our principles consistently, and its effectiveness on ensuring that our decisions bring tangible improvements to people's lives.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
15:38:08
Thank you very much.
I now give the floor to Ms Bisera KOSTADINOVSKA-STOJCHEVSKA.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
Allow me to say a few words on the Election Observation Mission in Kosovo, in which I had the chance to participate. Female representation was down to 34%. The participation of women in TV debates was down to 20%. Misinformation campaigns, foreign influence, voter fatigue and low turnout: these are all signs for the politicians in Kosovo that greater importance and care need to be afforded to domestic issues and less to other countries and situations.
Greater attention to domestic matters will hopefully make the people of Kosovo the utmost priority and may lead to the much-heard request throughout this election observation mission: political compromise.
The point of elections is not just to organise credible elections, but to produce functional institutions for the prosperity of the people of Kosovo. The dramatic decline in voter turnout, from around 44% in recent elections to 37% in these elections, sends a clear signal of public disillusionment with the inability of the political class to compromise. It should be a wake-up call for all political actors.
Democracy requires coalition building, not zero-sum victories. If elections are perceived as leading to the same stalemate, public confidence in the political process may weaken. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) delegation, which was the only international delegation present during these elections, urged all parties to engage in genuinely constructive dialogue, putting the country's democratic stability above all short-term partisan interest to advance Kosovo's Euro-Atlantic path.
In the end, as stated by the Chairperson of this Electoral Observation Mission, Mr Iulian BULAI, PACE stands as the most credible partner to the people in Kosovo for achieving the ultimate goal: democracy, relevancy, recognition and in the end, stability. Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
15:40:21
Thank you.
I now give the floor to Mr Márton HAJDU.
Thank you very much.
Dear colleagues,
Today, I joined the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee) as a member of Hungary’s new majority, because I want to contribute to its work and give something back to this institution. I also want to be able to explain our reforms and answer questions about our government. Because this Assembly must defend democracy, whoever is in power. Monitoring must protect people’s rights, support independent institutions and hold governments to account.
My government has invited the Venice Commission to help with constitutional reform, because we want rules that limit the power of any majority, starting with the Tisza Party and Prime Minister Péter MAGYAR. That brings me to my colleague, Mr Zsolt NÉMETH. Earlier in this debate, he spoke of "state capture" and the "annihilation of the opposition". I only wish he had shown the same concern during the 16 years when his party, Fidesz, was in power in Hungary. His government changed election rules to its advantage. It used public media to spread propaganda. And it weakened independent institutions and made rule by decree the standard in Hungary.
In 2022, this Assembly itself spoke of the "state capture of media" in Hungary. It introduced full monitoring because of serious problems with democracy and the rule of law, which remained unresolved. Mr Zsolt NÉMETH also mentioned two former ministers to you whose immunity was lifted today over serious corruption allegations. But he left out something important and I want to share this with you. Today, the Hungarian parliament also lifted the immunity of our Prime Minister. The prosecution requested it. Prime Minister Péter MAGYAR supported it. These are different cases, but the same rules must apply to everyone. Prime Minister Péter MAGYAR's case concerns the alleged theft of a mobile phone. But Hungarians also deserve answers about the theft of public wealth under Fidesz, including the serious allegations against those two ministers whose immunities were also lifted today.
Investigators must follow the evidence. Everyone is innocent, of course, until proven guilty. And independent courts must decide. Many honest prosecutors and public servants in Hungary stand ready to do their jobs after being liberated of 16 years of Fidesz rule. We are giving them the freedom to do so.
I, of course, welcome Mr Zsolt NÉMETH's reference to his support for monitoring and I ask him to support the same standards in government as in opposition. Because our task is clear in Hungary now: support lawful investigations and build institutions strong enough to hold us to account. Please judge us by that standard. The real test will come when the institutions that we are now building start to challenge us.
Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
15:43:43
Thank you.
The next speaker is Ms Sona GHAZARYAN. You have 3 minutes.
Madam President,
Dear colleagues,
It's a pleasure to be back at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe with a renewed mandate.
Following free and fair elections in Armenia, the political force led by Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN received the vast majority of the vote and was entrusted with forming the government.
I would argue that those elections were significant in different respects: the scale and nature of foreign interference, alleged vote-buying by the opposition parties.
We witnessed increasingly sophisticated forms of foreign interference that can be taken: disinformation, the spread of false narratives, cyber attacks, manipulation of a public information space and attempts to undermine citizens' trust in democratic processes.
The Council of Europe itself has recognised foreign information manipulation and interference as an increasing challenge to democratic security in Armenia. There are also important economic dimensions. Political pressure was accompanied by economic pressure through restrictions on imports of several products intended to influence a sovereign country's political choices.
As the Prime Minister mentioned during his speech in the General Assembly of the United Nations, one of the most important achievements of our government and the Velvet Revolution back in 2018 has been the strengthening of state institutions and democratic mechanisms. Therefore, the 2026 elections demonstrated the capability of the state to safeguard the electoral process, to protect citizens' right to vote and ensure that the democratic choice of the people can be and must be protected. It must be freely expressed even in the face of significant external pressure.
The result of these elections is the choice in favour of peace and regional co-operation; in favour of democratic institutions, the rule of law, accountable governance, economic opportunities and clear co-operation with the EU. And this choice must belong to the people of Armenia, not to the foreign government, not to the external power, not to economic pressure and not to disinformation.
So the principle is very straightforward: Armenian elections must be decided in Armenia, by the citizens of Armenia, through free and fair processes. This is not only a matter of Armenian sovereignty, it's a fundamental principle of European democracy.
Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
15:46:44
Thank you very much.
I now give the floor to Mr Piero FASSINO.
I was one of the observers at the elections in Armenia and, indeed, as Mr Damien COTTIER – who was the head of our delegation – pointed out, the elections proceeded smoothly. I visited many polling stations alongside my colleagues and everything took place in accordance with democratic standards. The real issue, however, is that, both before and after the elections, a series of actions took place in Armenia on the part of the executive, on the part of those in government, but also often on the part of the opposition parties, which demonstrate, so to speak, a difficulty in practising normal democratic life and, as has been said here, there is a high degree of polarisation. Now, polarisation is a natural part of the democratic process. The problem arises when it exceeds certain limits and risks, so to speak, spilling over into attitudes and decisions that may call democratic principles into question. So, I believe this is the crux of the matter: not so much the elections themselves, but their aftermath; and how, in Armenia at present, we can ensure that fair elections are followed by the conduct of democratic life in accordance with the Council of Europe’s democratic standards.
The vote in Kosovo also raises the same issue. This was the third consecutive election in Kosovo. In the weeks following the vote, the political parties have been unable to reach an agreement on the election of a new President and, consequently, there is a risk that a fourth election will be held in the coming months, creating a situation of instability in Kosovo which cannot fail to concern us, because what happens in Kosovo is by no means irrelevant to the situation in the Western Balkans, which are always, so to speak, at risk, are they not? On the one hand, we have these countries aiming for European Union membership and, on the other, the fact that the EU accession process is a long one (too long, in my view) is fuelling the resurgence of nationalist sentiments and conflicts. This applies just as much to Armenia as it does to Kosovo.
We have a responsibility as the Council of Europe, which is to work with these young democracies so that they effectively adopt principles and methods of managing democracy that comply with the Council of Europe’s democratic standards and rules. It seems to me that this is the message that must emerge from our debate today.
Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
15:49:52
"Many thanks" [spoken in Italian].
I now give the floor to Ms Arusyak JULHAKYAN.
Did you insert the badge? Just press once. Just once.
I guess it works now. Yes. Thank you.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
Dear colleagues,
First of all, let me start by expressing my gratitude and appreciation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe's (PACE) observation mission and to Mr Damien COTTIER for the work done and for the report. We take note of the key recommendations presented in the report, and we will work towards their implementation.
The main conclusion of PACE's observation mission is the following: the Armenian parliamentary elections offered voters a genuine choice among political alternatives in a well-run process. Despite the direct pressure from abroad, the newly elected authorities received a democratic mandate that must now be respected and implemented responsibly.
Colleagues, the Parliamentary elections of 7 June will be remembered as one of the most consequential democratic exercises in the modern history of the Republic of Armenia. What makes these elections particularly significant is the context in which they were held. Those elections were about peace, about Armenian independence and sovereignty, about the democratic security and resilience of Armenia. And given the importance of those topics, they became a trigger for foreign interference, which was described by the PACE delegation as having reached an unprecedented scale and intensity in a Council of Europe member state.
The observation mission documented direct foreign pressure during the campaign, including economic restrictions, diplomatic threats, information operations aimed at unduly influencing voters in favour of the opposition, restrictions on Armenian exports, threats concerning energy supplies, hostile political messaging and co-ordinated information campaigns were in place.
These actions went far beyond normal political commentary. They represented attempts to influence the sovereign democratic decision-making of the Armenian people. Yet the most important conclusion of the observation mission is that these efforts did not determine the outcome. The Armenian society demonstrated democratic resilience despite external pressures on an unprecedented scale.
The ultimate response to foreign interference was not confrontation; it was participation. Citizens went to the polling stations. Election officials carried out their duties professionally. Domestic observers monitored the process. Civil society organisations remained active. Journalists continued their work. International observers provided transparency and oversight. Together, they ensured that decisions about Armenia's future were made by Armenian voters and not by external actors.
Colleagues, the key message of 7 June is clear. Armenia's future must be determined by its citizens, not by external pressure, intimidation or interference. The Armenian people demonstrated that democratic choice remains stronger than coercion and that national sovereignty is best protected through free and democratic elections.
Long live Armenia, long live the Armenian statehood, long live the Armenian democracy and long live the Armenian people.
Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
15:53:28
Thank you.
I now call Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO. The floor is yours.
Thank you.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
Dear colleagues,
While we're speaking here today, right now, Kyiv is again on fire. Right now, several hours ago, a new attack at the National Academy of Sciences, new people killed. And then the second attack to kill rescuers who came to rescue people. That's what's happening and continues to happen in our country.
And while the war is awful and it's clear and we need peace in Ukraine as soon as possible, and I once again address all of you that all your countries should be involved to find this peace as quickly as possible. Also other awful things are happening in the occupied Ukrainian territories. And I want to tell you about Oleshky, in the Kherson region.
Oleshky was a beautiful town of 24 000 people near the beautiful Dnieper River. I knew this town very well, I've been there many times. One of the educational, cultural Goncharenko Centres worked there for years.
And now it is a disaster. It is hell on Earth. In May, Ukraine announced a humanitarian catastrophe in Oleshky. In May. And Ukraine addressed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in order to create humanitarian corridors to save people. People there are lacking food, clean water, electricity, medicines, medical care, everything. And Russian forces are blocking the aid to come and blocking the evacuation for people to leave.
Ukraine asked for a ceasefire for a humanitarian corridor and to save people, to evacuate these people. Russia refused. Now 6 000 people, including 200 children, are really dying right now. Are starving to death. No. Is being starved to death by Russians. Just on our eyes and we need to react.
Just four kilometres from free Kherson, which is on the right bank, on the left bank, which is under Russian occupation, by the way, look and know Russia told so many times to the world, we are freeing Ukrainian people. From what? From life? From food? From clean water? That's what's happening right now.
Just four kilometres from free Kherson, people are dying from starvation. And this is the distance between Europe and deliberate famine. So I want to ask you. We need to react. The Commissioner for Human Rights should be there right now, our Commissioner, because this is his territory, under his mandate. This is Ukraine. This is a member state of the Council of Europe. We together with you, those who are ready to go. I'm ready to join you. Let's go, let's come, let's be there. Let's save these people. Because these people are literally dying every minute.
So, from Oleshky to everybody. Let's do our job. Let's save these people.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
15:56:42
Thank you.
I now call Mr Christophe CHAILLOU.
Madam Chair,
Dear colleagues,
I would first of all like to express my sincere thanks to Mr Damien COTTIER for his report on this mission, in which I was very honoured to take part. This, of course, concerns the observation of the elections in Armenia.
I endorse all the observations set out in the excellent report, including the findings widely shared whilst we were there. I would, however, like to highlight certain points in particular, given that Armenia remains under pressure, notably through Russia’s trade restrictions.
Beyond the embargo, the Kremlin’s blatant desire to interfere was clearly palpable throughout our observation mission, and the disinformation tactics which have, sadly, become commonplace, have significantly contributed to heightening tensions. The essential conditions for organising a free, transparent and pluralistic election were met. This has been noted in the report. However, the report also rightly highlights the excessive polarisation of the debates, partly due to unprecedented and worrying foreign interference.
Our Assembly must condemn this in the strongest possible terms, as it was clearly aimed at diverting Armenia from its pro-European path. Several months after this election, Russia is continuing its offensive by, on the one hand, suspending natural gas supplies to Armenia and, on the other, exerting unacceptable political pressure. Mr Vladimir PUTIN’s regime is stepping up its provocations by ordering the government to organise a referendum on accession to the European Union.
The only response we must give is to make it clear that the era of diktats is over and to reaffirm European solidarity with the Armenian people in the face of these attempts at covert destabilisation. The draft new democratic pact will no doubt need to provide more active support for our fight against such interference, particularly in the field of information, but not solely on the economic front. We must therefore draw on other means of response and other allies. In this regard, I am delighted that the European Union has acted swiftly to offer Armenia new trade opportunities.
My dear colleagues,
This example shows once again just how essential and urgent it is for us, as Europeans, to safeguard our sovereignty at every level – be it in the economic, energy, political or environmental spheres. To this end, we must, at all costs, reduce our dependence on powers that are particularly hostile to our values.
Finally, allow me to emphasise that the conclusions of this report must be seen, beyond the specific case of Armenia, as genuine warnings for other European countries.
And I fully endorse the remarks made by Senator Claude KERN, my colleague, whom I would like to warmly greet today. I say this with the forthcoming elections in mind, which will be held in many countries, including my own, in a few months’ time.
Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
15:59:39
Thank you for your contribution.
The next speaker is Mr Marko PAVIĆ.
Thank you very much, Madam Chair.
Dear colleagues,
I would like to thank the rapporteurs for this progress report. It records preparations for for the coming elections in Bosnia Herzegovina, early elections in Serbia and past elections on Kosovo. The European Union (EU) integration of the Western Balkans has been on top of Croatia's agenda. We came a long path from being the country that needed help to being a country that can provide help.
For Croatia, this session has a special significance. 6 November will mark 30 years since Croatia became a member of of the Council of Europe. We are today a member of the EU, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Schengen, the Eurozone and soon to be a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). That is why we seek to turn this experience into practical solidarity.
First with our Ukrainian friends, we heard about attacks and people dying, Croatia supported more than 300 million euros to Ukraine, including military assistance, demining and hosting 30 000 Ukrainians in Croatia.
As our Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIĆ stated in a recent speech at the United Nations, Southeast Europe is an unfinished part of the European project. Croatia will continue to support merit-based enlargement of the European Union. But the credibility of enlargement depends on the credibility of its values.
When we turn to Bosnia and Herzegovina, we are particularly interested there. It's a neighbour, a friend country, a signatory of the Dayton Peace Agreement. Croats are a constituent people and their legitimate political representation and equality must be respected. In terms of Serbia and reconciliation and European values, precisely because of that, Croatia strongly supports enlargement.
But we must also speak clearly when actions contradict the values on which enlargement is founded. This is why the recent funeral of Mr Ratko MLAIĆ in Serbia caused such deep concern. Mr Ratko MLAIĆ was a convicted war criminal, sentenced to life in prison for genocide in Srebrenica, crimes against humanity and war crimes. His criminal record culminated in the Srebrenica genocide. But his trial of crimes also reaches back to Croatia, to the shelling of Croatian cities, killing of civilians, the mining of dams and the construction of cultural heritage and industrial facilities. The military and official honour surrounding his funeral from the government of Serbia and the participation of state representatives were an insult to victims and to judgments of the international courts and international community.
We need to state that the glorification of war criminals, genocide denial and historical revisionism contradicts fundamental European values and have no place in the European Union.
Finally, Croatia supports all the Western Balkans on the merit-based principles. We will help all the countries, but on merit-based principles.
Thank you very much.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:02:46
Thank you.
The next speaker is Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK. The floor is yours.
Thank you, Chair.
I don't know if I can even fit the last 3 hours of news from Ukraine into this three-minute speech. If you open the internet and just Google what's going on in Kyiv, you would see hospitals burning; you would see the Academy of Sciences burning, and people literally crawling out, jumping out of the windows, not to be burned alive. And that was a direct hit from a Russian drone.
And it's happening every day. The air raid probably hasn't stopped in recent weeks. And we are in the fifth year of the full-scale invasion. Of course, people are even more tired.
I think that we can take at least this information. You can take this information and, when you return to your capitals, ask your parliaments, your governments, what air defence you can give Ukraine, because it might actually save someone's life. We're not asking for the air defence to put it in stock and wait and have five years of air defence stocks; it will be used immediately, and it can save someone's life.
And also I want to mention Oleshky, as my colleague also did, because it's unbelievable. It's the 21st century, and we're talking here about AI, about human rights and invention, about climate, everything that you are interested in. And people are eating wheat. People are eating wheat.
And why do we ask you to support the Ukrainian army? Because it was only the Ukrainian army that sent 100 drones – small FPV drones with food packages – to occupied Oleshky. Because neither the International Red Cross, nor the United Nations, nor any other organisation that has this mandate could help these people not die from hunger.
And what else can we do? Because I think about why it's still happening, and it's because Russians understand they still can do it; they can do it, and they will not be punished. Well, Russia has to be punished. And we should force practical steps into the Special Tribunal, going from the technical stuff to the practical stuff.
Please also ratify in your parliaments the Convention on Claims Commission because these people are losing their houses right now; some are losing their lives; unfortunately, they are losing their health. They still believe in the law. They still believe that impunity is not an option. So please prove that.
Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:05:57
Thank you very much.
Mr Đorđe STANKOVIĆ, the floor is yours.
Thank you.
Dear colleagues,
For 15 years the elections in Serbia and Kosovo have been a constant topic of the Council of Europe, due to irregularities and the absence of democracy.
We have had undemocratic elections in Kosovo that have been repeated three times already. They have had no government for 16 months and this crisis threatens the people living in Kosovo and the Serbian population. We have seen attacks and the arrests of Serbians in southern Serbian provinces. But unfortunately, there are similar things happening in Serbia too.
Serbia is in a state of constant political crisis. But today we can finally see the light at the end of the tunnel. That light is the student movement. Serbia is facing a crisis of democracy. There is no genuine media freedom, while repression has become a part of political life. We must put an end to this. We must have media freedom. And we can't have a media landscape without equal conditions. Pressure on critical journalists and citizens, surveillance, intimidation and even physical attacks against political opponents. The misuse of public resources and serious concerns about the integrity of the electoral process.
Today, a new generation is standing up against this; young people who want a Serbia with European values. For months, students and young people have shown that they want a country with institutions that belong to the citizens, not to the political parties. The parents stand with them, their professors stand with them. Workers, farmers and all of those citizens who refuse to be blackmailed through fear, employment and their very livelihoods, stand with them.
This is why I want to send a very clear message from here, from Strasbourg. Serbia needs free and democratic elections without electoral fraud and without repression. The authorities must understand one thing: every new electoral manipulation, every new pressure put on voters, every attempt to steal the will of the people will not resolve Serbia's political crisis, it will only deepen it.
And the deeper the crisis becomes, the harder it will become to control. The students have awakened Serbia. A huge part of Serbia's society is now engaging and wanting to demand democratic change. Change is not only just an idea. And our task is, the task of all of us here, is to help this democratic process and to ensure the future of Serbia is decided by citizens, fairly, without fear and without any stealing of their vote.
Studenti pobeđuju. [Students are winning.]
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:08:57
Thank you so much.
The floor goes to Mr Jone BLIKRA.
Thank you.
As a member of the delegation that observed the parliamentary election in Kosovo, I would like to start by thanking Mr Iulian BULAI for a great job leading the delegation and not least our staff.
Our overall findings were clear: the elections were calm, professionally organised and without major incident. Voters were able to exercise their right to vote freely. But a well-run election does not by itself guarantee a healthy democracy. The clearest warning sign was the turnout: only 37%. Kosovo's citizens had been called to the polls for the third time in just 16 months. This should be a wake-up call to the politicians' parties.
The playing field was not equal. Government decisions on financial payments and subsidies shortly before the election raised concerns about the use of public resources during the campaign. The campaign also lacked real political debate. There were no direct debates between candidates. Voters deserve a real contest of ideas.
Our recommendations are clear: Kosovo should improve transparency in party and campaign financing and strengthen safeguards against the misuse of public resources. It should also strengthen the ability to address disinformation and foreign interference. Perhaps the most important conclusion goes beyond election day. Kosovo has shown that it can organise elections; the challenge is to turn election results into functioning democratic institutions.
Repeated elections cannot replace political dialogue. Democracy also requires compromise, co-operation and the ability to build majorities. The Council of Europe should continue to support Kosovo in strengthening its electoral framework and democratic institutions. The citizens have done their part by casting their votes. It's now the responsibility of their elected representatives to make democracy deliver. Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:11:41
Thank you.
The next speaker is Sir Edward LEIGH. The floor is yours.
Madam Chairman,
Naturally, I'm neutral in terms of Armenian politics, and naturally, I echo what has already been said in this debate in condemning any outside interference. But I want to talk about this election in Armenia in the context of the attitude of the present government of Armenia to the Armenian Apostolic Church. It's the oldest national church in the world. It's facing an unprecedented threat, not from an external invader, but from the government itself. And under the leadership of Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN, the current administration has abandoned any boundary between church and state and is launching an unprecedented campaign on church freedom. And the Council of Europe should be concerned, above all else, about the freedom of our churches.
What we are witnessing is not a mere political disagreement. It's a calculated attack on religious autonomy. Over the past year, the state has actively engaged in the unlawful detention and arrest of clergy, harassment of church workers, there's been a sweeping travel ban, Catholicos Garegin II is under great pressure.
And let's look at the election itself. During the recent June election, for the first time in modern Armenian history, the ruling Civil Contract party codified the destruction of church autonomy directly into its political manifesto. In an election, in a manifesto, in a country in the Council of Europe, a ruling party deliberately attacking the local church – the oldest church in the world.
Following their secured parliamentary majority, this campaign has shifted now into overdraft. In just the last few weeks, the government published a state-ordered report attacking the canonical structure of the church and threatened to launch a parliamentary inquiry to forcibly change church statutes. Using state mechanisms to override ancient – and I'm talking about ancient – ecclesiastical laws is a flagrant violation of human rights and religious freedom. These elections then are not just about political power. And as I say, I'm completely neutral about who is the government of Armenia. They were leveraged as a manufactured mandate to bring a sacred institution under total state submission. And this body, this Council of Europe, above all, should stand up for religious freedom and call out the government of Armenia.
Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:14:46
Thank you.
I now give the floor to Mr Ardian GOLA.
Madam President,
Distinguished colleagues,
I would like to express our sincere gratitude to President Iulian BULAI and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe's observation delegation for their work and very valuable partnership.
The report demonstrates that Kosovo has a stable and self-correcting electoral system. And this means that Kosovo has reached such a level of democratic maturity and electoral culture that it stands as an example for other democracies in the region and beyond. It is undeniable that Kosovo is facing a political crisis over the election of the President. This should be viewed in the context of certain constitutional anomalies, some of which also stem from the Ahtisaari Plan.
What is important, however, is that dialogue, or political dialogue, continues to take place within democratic boundaries where there is no place for violence. Our institutions made every effort to ensure an inclusive process, especially for non-majority communities. We proudly witnessed a high turnout by the Serbian community, despite pressure and intimidation towards them by Srpska Lista and Serbia.
Serbia, which continues to preserve an ideological continuity with its inglorious and dark past. While human remains and mass graves resulting from crimes committed by Serbia continue to be discovered in Kosovo even today, Serbia continues to glorify criminals convicted of genocide, to shelter terrorists, to employ warmongering rhetoric, including calls for the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo.
Regarding the recent convictions by the Kosovo Specialist Chambers mentioned in the report, it should be emphasised that the central allegations of Mr Dick MARTY's report have not been substantiated. There were no crimes against humanity, no organ trafficking and no "Yellow House".
As for the remaining charges, we firmly believe that the Appeals Panel will overturn them if it rigorously applies the international standards of justice and the four Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) leaders will finally be free. The KLA emerged as a response to decades of oppression and waged a just war to free the people of Kosovo from President Slobodan MILOŠEVIĆ's dictatorial Serbia, which was the very source of terror and bloody wars throughout former Yugoslavia.
Therefore, Europe must remain vigilant to not allow the barbarity of the 1990s to be repeated by allowing the historical truth to be distorted or overturned. Thank you very much.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:17:29
Thank you.
The floor now goes to Ms Zdravka BUŠIĆ. Please. The floor is yours.
Thank you.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
The Legal Affairs Committee of the Council of Europe condemned the glorification of the convicted or criminal Mr Ratko MLADIĆ. This should also have been addressed and debated in our Assembly.
It should be stressed that denying internationally judged crimes and glorifying perpetrators of war crimes contradicts the Council of Europe's values. Official support and the pressure of numerous and the presence of numerous senior Serbian officials at the funeral of the criminal Ratko MLADIĆ really are deeply regrettable. Anyone glorifying Mr Ratko MLADIĆ is approving the mass murder of thousands of innocent civilians massacred in Srebrenica and elsewhere.
What then should we say of the Serbian state that organised a funeral with state honours? Or what should we think of Serbs who attended it? The eulogies delivered for Mr Ratko MLADIĆ and the public mourning mean that Serbia and its officials not only have not undergone catharsis, but have not even taken steps toward the values that Europe cherishes.
Giving a war criminal state honours means that we have to go back to the very basics, to the fundamental values we all share. To pay tribute to a convicted war criminal is a complete moral and political failure. It is unacceptable and inappropriate in our civilised world. Officially honouring Mr Ratko MLADIĆ, who was convicted by an international tribunal for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, should be strongly condemned by every democratic institution. Honours given to Mr Ratko MLADIĆ in Serbia were an insult to his victims and to the rulings of international courts.
General reconciliation in Europe is possible only through direct acknowledgement of historical crimes, respect for innocent victims and rejection of the institutional glorification of those who are responsible. Glorifying such events is incompatible with the basic values and the principles of the Council of Europe.
Mr Ratko MLADIĆ's crimes, which culminated in the 1995 genocide in Srebrenica, were preceded by the shelling of Croatian cities, the killings of many innocent civilians and the destruction of Croatian cultural and industrial infrastructure. Regrettably, he was never charged before the International Criminal Tribunal for the crimes committed in Croatia.
And finally, I would like to reiterate that the Council of Europe should send a clear signal to Serbia that there is no place in democratic institutions for those who glorify convicted war criminals.
Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:20:49
Thank you. The next speaker is Ms Hripsime GRIGORYAN. The floor is yours.
Thank you very much, Madam Chair.
Before speaking about the report and before thanking our rapporteur for the wonderful report on Armenia's election observation, I want — well, I have to — respond to what Sir Edward LEIGH said in his intervention. Actually, I would call it a very ill-informed intervention when speaking about the Armenian Apostolic Church and these attacks towards the Church.
In fact, what the Armenian government and the Armenian state are doing is protecting the Church. And the reason for this is because the person who is currently occupying the seat of the Catholicos, of the Armenian Catholicos, is a person who is directly engaged in unlawful actions towards overthrowing the state of Armenia. His brother is an agent, an international agent, proven by facts, by documents of a country that has —
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:21:56
Sorry, sorry, you have to stick to the debate.
You have to raise your hand and make a point of order. No.
Sorry, if I may continue.
And the last. The bishops are not arrested for being bishops. There are criminal cases against them. It is not us to decide, it is the court to decide the final result. However, these criminal cases are about alleged terroristic acts against civilians. The people of Armenia.
I now want to refer in this 1 1/2 minutes to the report and once again say thank you to the rapporteur.
Let me begin with what must be the starting point of this debate. On 7 June, the citizens of Armenia decided – decided freely in competent, competitive elections – and their decision was respected. The report itself concludes that voters were offered a genuine choice in a well-run process, that election day was orderly and calm, that voting was assessed positively in the vast majority of polling stations. This achievement is particularly important because these were not ordinary elections.
Armenia faced foreign interference and information operations, which this report describes as unprecedented in a Council of Europe member state. Yet our institutions withstood. Colleagues, we do not read a positive assessment as permission for complacency. There are issues in the report that require our attention. Campaign finance, media impartiality, accessibility: we should work on them, and we will.
At the same time, allegations and perceptions may not be automatically presented as established violations. And particularly consequential conclusions concerning the Central Electoral Commission (CEC) and parliamentary representation require careful legal assessment, not political assumption.
Armenian democracy has been tested repeatedly. On 7 June it passed another major test. The citizens of Armenia stood up for democracy, for their sovereign right to decide their future. And above all, they stood up for peace. Our responsibility now is to strengthen all three. And I thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:24:03
Thank you.
The next speaker is Ms Biljana PANTIĆ PILJA.
Ladies and gentlemen,
Once again we are talking about elections in Kosovo and Metohija. The third parliamentary election in just a year and a half. That alone tells you everything about the depth of the political instability and institutional crisis.
But honestly, should any of this surprise us? You took 40% of Serbia's territory and what did you get? What did you build in the heart of Europe? A system where people accused or convicted of the greatest crimes can be glorified as heroes. This Assembly adopted Mr Dick MARTY's report and the resolution concerning allegations of trafficking in human organs, including the allegations surrounding the so-called yellow house. These allegations concerned members of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and were the subject of serious international investigations.
So I ask you, where was your reaction to the attacks against the European Union Rule of Law Mission (EULEX) in Pristina? Where was your outrage when attacks and pressure were directed against a European mission because of judicial proceedings and verdicts concerning KLA members?
On those issues there is silence. And there is silence where we speak about attacks against Serbs. Silence where we speak about their security. Silence where we speak about their rights. And silence when we remind you that the Community of Serb Municipalities, one of the key commitments of the Brussels Agreement, has still not been established. You remain silent while Nazism is being promoted in a UN member state: Croatia.
This institution was created to defend human rights, democracy and the rule of law. And international law is not a menu from which we can choose what suits us politically. The problem is not the existence of rights, the problem is respecting them. And when international law and signed agreements are applied selectively according to political interests, we are not protecting the international order, we are undermining it. And when you undermine the principles on which the international order is built, you do not solve one problem. You open Pandora's box.
And for the end, I do not believe it is democratic for an institution that is committed to defending democratic and fundamental freedoms, to interfere in or pass judgement on the way in which an individual is buried, particularly when it concerns a general who served his country in a war. Every citizen in a democratic society has the right to attend a funeral and to pay their respects. This is a matter of personal freedom and human dignity. We may disagree profoundly about a person's path or political views, but that should not give anyone the right to dictate how citizens should mourn or how they are allowed to honour as a funeral.
Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:27:16
Thank you.
Mr Vladimir ĐORĐEVIĆ, the floor is yours.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
You ask us to applaud elections in a place that is not in the United Nations, not in this Council. A place five EU countries do not recognise. And under UN Resolution 1244, it is still Serbia.
Elections do not create a state. Seven Serbs were arrested in Gračanica days before the vote. Even electors are worried.
Now, imagine it is your people, your citizens arrested, your schools closed, your churches guarded by foreign soldiers. You would call it an emergency session. For Serbs, you call it a procedure.
Their mothers, fathers, farmers, they only want to stay where their grandfathers are buried. You swear by democracy, you swear by the law. But in 1999, you bombed us without the approval of the Security Council.
In 2008, you cut off a piece of Serbia and called it special. Special? So special that Moscow copied it. Today, you say to Russia, borders cannot change by force. Correct, Serbia agrees. But you cannot say never in Donetsk and maybe in Gračanica.
These elections will be repeated on Serbian land again and again. They will be repeated until honest people sit in this Hall who do not have double standards. People who treat the law the same for everyone. You can recognise a state in a day. You cannot erase a nation in a thousand years. You can print a ballot. You cannot print a grave. Ours are in Kosovo, and they do not vote in your elections. The law is the same for everyone, or there is no law at all.
And let me tell you something, some of you lecture Serbia on morality. Serbia remembers Jasenovac, where Serbs, Jews and Roma women and children were killed by the Ustaše regime with a cruelty that shocked even its Nazi allies. And today a salute is shouted again in your stadium. So never forget: Kosovo is Serbia. So help us God.
Thank you.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:30:07
Thank you. Mr Kimmo KILJUNEN, you have the floor.
Did you insert the badge? Just press the button just once.
Okay, should I start again? Fine, fine.
Yes, Madam President, as a former rapporteur for Armenia of this Assembly, I read with very great interest and even concern the report concerning the elections in Armenia.
You should remember that these were actually the first regularly scheduled parliamentary elections in Armenia since it transitioned to a parliamentary democracy, we can say. And the environment, both in external and internal ways, wasn't the easiest one, as has also been indicated by some other speakers here today.
In terms of external pressure, obviously the major issue is geopolitical tensions and foreign interference in the elections, which have been mentioned here many times. But also obviously it reflected the situation concerning the Armenian and Azerbaijan reconciliation process and obviously the human displacement problems concerning the Nagorno-Karabakh situation.
And all those obviously created tensions externally, and internally there were mass demonstrations and internal polarisation, both in social and political terms. Nevertheless, as the report indicated, the re-election process was technically successful, done in a generally peaceful environment and there were genuine alternatives to choose from. In that way we could say it was a free and fair election.
That report also mentions some problems related to the Central Electoral Commissions. I cannot say manipulations, but interpretations of the situations which you noted rightly and obviously, there were media and information problems, biases, which were clear, including foreign interference.
Nevertheless, the most important issue is that we can see that Armenia has now solidly chosen the pro-European path. That's very clearly indicated in terms of results and we should welcome that one. And I would personally also like to say that we should support it further in different ways. Thanks very much for a very, very good report, mate.
Italy, ECPA, President of the Assembly
16:33:08
Thank you. That concludes the list of speakers.
I must now interrupt the list of speakers. The speeches of members on the speakers list who have been present during the debate but have not been able to speak may be given to the Table Office for publication in the Official Report. Speeches must not exceed 400 words. I remind colleagues that the type-written texts can be submitted, electronically if possible, no later than four hours after the list of speakers is interrupted.
Mr Mogens JENSEN, do you wish to reply? You have 3 minutes.
Thank you so much, Madam Chair.
Dear colleagues,
Thank you so much for your contributions to the debate on this Progress Report. As it has been obvious most of you have focused on election observations and especially the missions in Armenia and Kosovo. And I cannot comment directly on the election missions, but I would just like to notice how encouraging it is to see how many members participate in these missions and also are so sincerely committed to strengthening electoral integrity across our member states.
We have to, of course we know it, but I think we also have to remind our member states that elections are very fundamental for democracy. And we as observers play a very, very important role. So please keep on signing up for the observer missions.
Also, many other issues were at your hearts in these discussions, including addressing democratic backsliding in a number of member countries and protecting women's rights. And let me just remind you on that note that our Parliamentary Network Women Free from Violence is having a conference held in Madrid in the Istanbul Convention on 5 and 6 November, which I urge all of you to participate in. Everyone can be a member of the Network.
Also, our continued and enhanced support to Ukraine was stated in many interventions. And we all know that the Ukrainian people every day are fighting not only for their own, but also our freedom and democracy. And our only task is to give full, full support until we can end this shameful war that Russia has imposed on Ukraine.
Instability in other parts of the world has also been mentioned, above all in the Middle East region. And I would also like, of course, to emphasise that.
Finally, especially coming from Denmark, I would like to thank all of you, all colleagues here, all political groups, the President, our Secretary General, for unified, strong support for the Kingdom of Denmark and Greenland in a very, very difficult time, which now has evolved into an agreement between Greenland, Denmark and the US which respects the sovereignty of Denmark and the self-determination of the Greenland people. It was also due to a very united Europe and a very united answer from Europe. I thank you for that on behalf of Denmark and Greenland.
Thank you.
Thank you.
The debate is closed.
I now propose that the decisions in the progress report be ratified as they appear in Document 16484 and Addendums 1 and 2.
Are there any objections?
There are no objections.
The progress report is approved.
Congratulations.
So, we will now hear the address by Mr Mattias GUYOMAR, the President of the European Court of Human Rights. And after his address, Mr Mattias GUYOMAR will take questions from the floor. But let me say as an introduction, dear President of the Court, I really want to welcome you warmly to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
This is the first time the Assembly is holding an institutional exchange with the President of the European Court of Human Rights, and I hope it will be the beginning of a tradition. We just spoke about traditions and whether they are good or not. Some are, of course, good. So I hope that we begin a regular dialogue.
Our Committee on the Election of Judges to the European Court of Human Rights will visit the Court this week, not for the first time, but also to exchange and learn about our different requirements, approaches and ways of working. And it's also great to see that this is a tradition now.
The Assembly and the Court are very closely connected of course. The Assembly not only elects the judges of the Court, but it also helps turn the Court's judgment into change in our member states. Through our parliamentary network, members can learn from one another about the most effective way to do so.
Later this week, the Assembly will also examine a report on the execution of judgments against Russia. The remaining cases against Russia have recently been struck from the Court's list.
So we are keen to hear about the Court's work and the challenges it faces. We would also welcome your thoughts on what more the Assembly can do to uphold the Convention system, which lies at the very heart of our organisation.
Dear Mattias, the floor is yours.
President of the European Court of Human Rights
16:41:42
Madam President, dear Petra BAYR,
Madam Minister, dear Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ,
Members of the Parliamentary Assembly,
It is a great honour and a real pleasure to address you today, a little more than a year after my last visit to your Assembly.
Thank you for inviting me again and let me express here my special gratitude, once again, to Madam President Petra BAYR.
The separation of powers does not mean isolation. Having distinct roles should not mean being isolated from each other. The separation of powers, this key democratic principle which underpins our relationship, is fully compatible with meaningful dialogue. Indeed, we must seize every opportunity to speak to each other frankly and to explain our concerns, in full respect of our independence and respective roles. Yours, parliamentary, ours, judicial.
This is equally true at the domestic level. In March, I travelled to Bern to meet and discuss with members of the Swiss Federal Assembly and the Swiss delegation to this Assembly. There, I emphasised the importance of the shared responsibility between national authorities and the the European Court of Human Rights in ensuring the proper functioning of the Convention system.
Tomorrow morning, I shall have the pleasure, together with other judge-members of the Court’s Bureau, of welcoming the members of your Committee on the Election of Judges for an exchange of views. This will be an opportunity for us to address the Court’s needs regarding a well-balanced composition, including gender parity, given that, currently, only 16 of the Court’s 45 sitting judges are women.
But also, to raise the issue of delays in the submission of lists of candidates by certain member states and in the filling of vacant posts. When judges’ terms of office expire, they remain in office until replaced. Four of our judges are currently in this situation. The judge elected to represent Slovakia has been absent from the Court for a year now. These are issues that affect not only the Court’s composition but also, more fundamentally, the balance of the Convention system and its legitimacy.
Indeed, all 46 judges of the Court derive their strong democratic legitimacy from being elected by your Assembly. And this point is very important. And each time I have to recall it, I recall it. Judges are elected by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE). The "national judge" elected in respect of each of the member states is an essential link in the DNA chain of the Convention system.
The presence of a judge in respect of each member state is a guarantee of the legitimacy and stability of the system grounded in the collective enforcement of human rights.
This is especially important to uphold in an era of political upheaval like the one we are living in. The Court should not enter the sphere of politics, but it increasingly finds itself drawn into that world.
How can it navigate this situation?
Certainly, by stepping up efforts to increase the efficiency and visibility of its work, in keeping with its priorities.
By making the Court’s judicial activities more visible, more accessible. For instance, by holding more public hearings, of which there were seven since September last year.
By opening our Court to visitors. A year ago, in September, we welcomed around 4 000 visitors for our Open Day, and from now on, we welcome visitors on guided tours on the first Friday of each month.
By strengthening our presence on social media. Demonstrating that we are truly an open and accessible Court: “a Court for all”.
But also, crucially, by explaining our judicial work, through dialogue and opportunities to meet like this one.
By listening to concerns and answering questions, as I will do with you today, for the first time, in strict respect of the Court’s judicial independence of which I am a guarantor.
By providing solid and objective information about our judicial work. As has been done, for instance, in the context of the political discussions known as the “Chișinău process”. The process that began with the Open Letter from nine member states, published in May 2025, and which led to the adoption of the political declaration at the last Ministerial Summit in Chișinău in May this year.
Thanks to the initiative of the Secretary General, the intergovernmental exchanges took place within the existing institutional frameworks and with safeguards in place.
The key one being for the Court, the legitimate subject, but not actor, of the political debate, to feed reliable information into the process.
It is legitimate for the member states to discuss issues related to migration and the protection of borders. But this must be done in a manner respectful to the Court’s judicial independence.
The Declaration adopted in Chișinău reaffirms the states parties’ support for the independence of the Court and the integrity of the Convention system. I am satisfied that it is explicit in this regard. But let me say that the Chișinău Declaration is not a roadmap for the Court’s judicial activity, nor should it be understood as providing criteria for its work.
In Chișinău's wake, the Court stays on its course. It pursues its judicial work, as ever, firmly grounded in its judicial independence. Independence which goes hand-in-hand with responsibility. It continues to apply judicial pragmatism by interpreting the Convention text in light of the specific context of each case, as it has done in the past and as it will continue to do in the future.
My constant message to the member states, the primary bearers of the responsibility set out in Article 1 of the Convention, to protect its rights and freedoms, being: that the Court hears their concerns, but must never be told what to do. It is a basic requirement of judicial integrity that no court be told what it should or should not do. International courts, including our Court, can only fulfil their role in protecting human rights and the rule of law, ensuring accountability, and upholding the international legal order, if their independence is safeguarded. This includes being shielded from pressure and attacks. It is this consideration that led the Court to choose judicial unity and solidarity as its guiding theme for this year.
Here, I wish to express our Court’s solidarity with the judges and President of the International Criminal Court (ICC), targeted by US and Russian sanctions in connection with the exercise of their judicial functions.
As the ICC President Tomoko AKANE herself has emphasised, when judges are subjected to pressure, threatened or discredited, it is, ultimately, "the credibility of international law itself that is undermined."
This is another concern that we share with you: Such is indeed one of the conclusions of the report prepared by your Assembly’s Legal Affairs Committee, which will be debated later this week: "Attacks on international organisations central to the international rules-based order are a direct attack on the international order itself."
I have already expressed to President Tomoko AKANE the message of judicial unity on behalf of the whole Court, and I will repeat it when I visit The Hague next month. Because precisely at times like these, there is a need for judges to stand together. Because without judges, there can be no rule of law and no democracy.
Now, let me speak about the Court’s role in ensuring Russia’s accountability.
This has been a top priority for the Court, and also a top priority question for your Assembly.
Over the past four years, the Court has employed considerable resources to process cases pending against Russia, under its residual jurisdiction, a consequential choice made by the Court’s Plenary in 2022.
I want to emphasise that the magnitude of both the task and the resulting achievement are nothing short of exceptional.
In March 2022, the Court had around 18 000 applications pending against Russia, both related and unrelated to armed conflict. Since that time, over 10 000 new applications have been lodged with the Court.
Several inter-State judgments held Russia responsible for gross and widespread human rights violations committed in the context of its military actions against its neighbours, like the historic inter-State ruling in Ukraine and the Netherlands v. Russia, in which the Court held Russia responsible for serious and systematic human rights violations that occurred in the context of the conflict in Ukraine since 2014 and following the full-scale invasion in February 2022. Or the Grand Chamber judgment, adopted in October, which ordered Russia to pay Georgia 253 million euros in damage suffered by more than 28 000 victims.
All cases of greatest significance have been examined by the Court.
In particular, with 60 fully reasoned chamber judgments and one Grand Chamber, Fedotova and Others v. Russia. Thousands more have been declared inadmissible or struck out.
A remainder of pending cases, unrelated to armed conflict, was recently struck out by decision of a Chamber of the Court. I know that this decision, Lebedeva and Others v. Russia, has raised some concerns and I will be glad to answer any questions you may have in this connection.
What now remains before the Court are five interstate cases against Russia. Along with 5 700 applications related to armed conflict, their vast majority related to the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine. And, last week, on 22 September the Court held a public hearing in the case concerning Ukrainian children. I know the situation of these children has been of particular interest also to this Assembly and its Parliamentary Network on the Situation of the Children of Ukraine.
All this crucial work on ensuring Russia’s accountability will continue.
In its work, the Court has also shown, time and again, its respect for the principles of subsidiarity and shared responsibility.
For example, by accepting more requests for advisory opinions, made under Protocol No 16, which I encourage all States to ratify. In March, the Court delivered an advisory opinion in response to a request from the Supreme Court of Ukraine concerning the scope of Article 8 in relation to the protection of the home. Three further requests for advisory opinions are currently pending, and tomorrow the Court will deliver one of those, requested by the Supreme Court of Ukraine, at a public hearing.
Also, by requiring applicants to exhaust domestic remedies, as has been done in the Grand Chamber decisions of Mansouri v Italy and Kuijt v the Netherlands (delivered last week), the Court has stressed the importance of national judicial systems addressing human rights complaints first and foremost. This is an expression of the mutual confidence between the Court and the domestic superior courts, when the courts declare the case inadmissible for non-exhaustion of domestic remedies.
This solution should not be seen as a failure of the system, but quite the opposite. At the successful answer given to the applicant for the full respect of the shared responsibility, which is the institutional framework in which we are all working at the service of human rights.
In other cases, however, the principle of shared responsibility required the Court to exercise its supervision role. As in the Court’s recent Grand Chamber judgment in the case Kavala v. Türkiye (No. 2). The Court’s third judgment concerning the same applicant, in which the Court addressed Mr Osman KAVALA's continued detention from December 2019 to the present day, already eight and a half years. That has been another matter which has been a longstanding concern of your Assembly.
Referring to Article 18 of the Convention, the Court emphasised that the applicant’s case cannot be regarded as an isolated incident. It stated that the measures taken by the authorities pursued an unacknowledged aim, namely the stifling of pluralism and the restriction of the free flow of political debate, which lies at the very heart of the concept of a democratic society and European public order.
In this connection, the Court has also recently been faced with several thousand new claims relating to the dismissal of civil servants in Türkiye. Around 7 000 have been recorded since October 2025, and more than 5 000 are pending registration. Special case-processing measures have been put in place to process all these cases effectively. But this is an unprecedented challenge as regards the Court's case management. Such a sudden and massive influx of cases explains the rise in the number of cases pending on the Court’s docket.
This situation calls for even more effort and internal reforms, including the careful use of AI, to maintain and further improve the Court’s productivity.
At the end of last year, the Court reached the lowest stock of cases in 20 years. And I want to pay tribute to the commitment of the 750 registered members under the authority of the Registrar of the Court, Ms Marialena TSIRLI.
Since the beginning of this year, it has ruled on almost 20 000 applications, with judgments delivered in almost 2 500 cases.
But I want to stress that the Court can only remain effective if it has enough resources. Indeed, we need your political support, which should also translate into financial support coming from your governments. This is a condition of our effectiveness and smooth functioning, which depends on the 800 people working together at the Court: 46 judges and 750 members of the Registry.
What is needed is a sustainable and sufficient ordinary budget. For the Court’s autonomy, it is not sustainable to be excessively dependent on voluntary contributions, which, by the way, are decreasing.
To conclude, before the question and answer session, let me share with you a few words about the future. By nature, the judicial work of courts is retrospective. Adjudicating cases from the past, to render justice in the present day, providing guidance for the future. The best way to fulfil our mission is to be loyal to the legacy entrusted to us by the founders of the Convention system. Defending democracy and the rule of law and human rights and the ideals of peace and justice.
Therefore, our guiding theme next year will be peace through law and justice.
To that end, in July 2027, the Court will hold a commemorative event to highlight the role of international, regional and national courts in promoting peace through law and justice, including in the context of armed conflict. It will be organised back-to-back with the fifth International Forum of Regional Human Rights Courts, which our Court will host here in Strasbourg.
This string of related events will help to put the spotlight on the Convention system and its role in preserving peace on our continent, to show that they remain as relevant today as they were 50 years ago, at the time of the 1967 Geneva World Conference on Law and Justice and to show the indispensable role that the Convention system plays in upholding the rule of law, democracy, and the European public order.
Why we all work together at the service of the same ideals and values.
Ideals and universal values that help to ensure that the path towards peace in Europe is charted along the guiding lines of law, justice, and human rights.
Thank you for your attention.
Thank you very much, Mister President.
I just want to outline that it's important that you reminded us of the fundamental idea of Montesquieu and the separation of powers. We are separated, but nevertheless, we have one common goal, which is also possible under Montesquieu.
Thank you also for mentioning the Russian cases. I know that there were some questions about it. And as you mentioned, Kavala v. Türkiye, there will be a hearing on Wednesday this week, also in the presence of Ms Ayşe BUĞRA KAVALA and the lawyer of Mr Osman KAVALA.
So, for all those who are interested in that, and we know that we have an ally when it comes to supporting a strong convention system, and I want to also welcome another ally in this regard. Hello, Isabelle BERRO-AMADEI, who is the President of the Committee of Ministers. It is great that you join our debate here.
So now we come to the questions, and we start with... Yeah, you can applaud. Indeed, we have questions for you later this week...
[Applause]
...but it's great that you are here, indeed. It's not so often.
I will start with the questions on behalf of the groups. Everybody has 30 seconds to raise a question, and for the representatives of the group. Mattias, please answer after each of them; then I will group them into three.
And the first is on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group (SOC). Mr Titus CORLĂŢEAN.
Please, Titus.
Romania, SOC, Spokesperson for the group
17:02:39
Mister President,
This time in French, on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.
In the judgment in the case of Ukraine and the Netherlands vs Russia, the Court stated that any future decision awarding just satisfaction to Ukraine must take due account of the Register of Damages of the future compensation mechanism for Ukraine, paragraph 1650 of the judgment of July 2025.
How will the proceedings under Article 41 for just satisfaction in this case relate to the work of the future International Claims Commission for Ukraine, once it has been established?
Is there a risk of overlap?
Thank you.
Thank you, Mister President.
President of the European Court of Human Rights
17:03:23
Thank you very much.
And I, too, shall reply to you in French, so as to use both official languages of our organisation.
Indeed, we work very closely with the Register of Damages. We received, first before the Court’s Bureau and then before the Court in plenary session, the President of the Register of Damage for Ukraine, my predecessor, Mr Robert SPANO, and the Executive Director, who presented their working methods to us, along with the number of claims and the dozens and dozens of categories into which they had already classified these claims.
What must first and foremost be clearly understood is the need to coordinate the Court’s judicial work with that of the Council of Europe’s other bodies. Not only the Register of Damage today, but also, in the future, the International Claims Commission for Ukraine. And we are also working on the medium-term.
I could also, if you wish, respond later on to the question of the relationship between the Court and the future Special Tribunal. But let us stick to the issue of compensation for the damage suffered by the victims.
As you pointed out – and this is worth noting – our judgment of July 2025 referred to the Register of Damage. And the President, Mr Robert SPANO, told us that this had lent legitimacy to their work, in addition to the Committee of Ministers’ resolution.
Now that I have assured you that we are working closely together, and that the staff of the Register of Damage meet regularly with members of the Court’s Registry to keep each other informed at every stage. For our part, we have not yet delivered the judgment on just satisfaction; as you pointed out, we have found against Russia, and we have deferred the implementation of Article 41 to another judgment. We are still at the procedural stage. And so, I make no secret of the fact that this will take some time.
Moreover, Ukraine is asking us for time, and we are granting it further extensions to enable it to substantiate its claims. That is entirely natural.
But what is certain is that we are coordinating our efforts at every stage. Firstly, there is complementarity, and secondly, there is a risk of overlap. How can we maximise the benefits of this complementarity? How can we avoid the risk of overlap? On these two points, I would like our cooperation to be full and complete, and I can assure you of this.
On the question of complementarity, our jurisdiction ends in September 2022, since, as I mentioned earlier, the plenary session decided to retain residual jurisdiction over Russia for a six-month period between March and September. So, our jurisdiction covers the period before the war, but only up to 204 days after the outbreak of the war in February 2022. We therefore have a period that covers the situation much further back in time than the Register of Damage.
The opposite is true of the Register of Damage. Its remit begins with the large-scale invasion in February 2022 and continues from where our remit ended in September 2022. So we cover the past, it covers the present and, it is to be feared, some time into the future.
And so, from that point of view, our roles are complementary. You are right, there is a period where they overlap. And here, we must avoid duplication. That is to say, for example, we must avoid double compensation; we have therefore already established a system of cooperation to ensure that whatever the court awards – and which, when the time comes, will be paid by the defendant State – cannot fail to be taken into account by the Register of Damage or, more precisely, by what we hope will be the Claims Commission by that time.
So, I believe that from this point of view, we are keeping a close eye on this. But I would like to conclude by saying that once the risk of overlap has been ruled out, even during this interim period, we can achieve a win-win situation. What we will say, when the time comes, with regard to Article 41, will serve as guidelines for the Register of Damage and the Claims Commission. For we fully intend that, on this point too, all the bodies of the Council of Europe should work together in a coordinated and consistent manner.
I hope I have answered your question.
Thank you. Next on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, Mr Christophe BRICO.
Monaco, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group
17:08:14
Thank you.
President Mattias GUYOMAR, thank you very much for this exercise in transparency.
The last time you were here, I addressed you and pointed out just how much the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) is the jewel in this institution’s crown and, more specifically, the institution’s primary tangible benefit for the citizens of our countries. So, I shall be very brief.
We very regularly discuss a number of countries that refuse to implement the Court’s judgments, and this is a real challenge. Do you have any views on this, and can the three statutory bodies work together to improve the implementation of the Court’s judgments?
Thank you.
Mister President.
President of the European Court of Human Rights
17:09:03
Thank you, dear Petra.
Thank you very much for your question.
Indeed, there can be no effective protection of human rights if our judgments are not enforced. And to achieve this, co-operation between all the bodies of the Council of Europe is essential.
Whenever I have the opportunity, I pay tribute to the structure put in place by the system’s founders, who entrusted the Committee of Ministers – the organisation’s political and executive body – with the task of ensuring that our judgments are enforced. And I would like to take this opportunity to once again pay tribute to the Monegasque Presidency and to the Chair of the Committee of Ministers, Ms Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ, with whom we work in very close co-operation and with complete confidence.
In a sense, we are entirely dependent on the Committee of Ministers for the proper enforcement of our judgments. But this is a sound division of responsibilities, for I believe it safeguards the Court’s legitimacy by ensuring it remains entirely, if I may say so, within the judicial sphere – and within that sphere alone.
This division of labour – which also includes a certain role for your Assembly, as I shall return to shortly – does not mean, as I said earlier, that we should remain in silos.
On 21 September, we hosted the Enforcement Division at the Court for the first time, for a meeting between the judges and the Enforcement Division. This has been the case for years, and it has been developing ever since the states, at the Reykjavík Summit, asked the Court to work more closely with the Committee of Ministers on enforcement, at the level of the Registry and the Enforcement Department.
For the first time, at my invitation, Mr Gianluca ESPOSITO and his teams came to spend a whole afternoon discussing matters with the judges. I have appointed a lead judge who takes a particular interest in the issue of enforcement. And I can tell you that the Committee on Working Methods will very shortly be presented with a report on Article 46, just as it has recently issued one on Article 41.
This means that we need to identify how we can complement one another even more effectively. And to do that, we need to understand, for example, what elements in our judgments help the Committee of Ministers and the implementing authorities to properly implement our judgments, and, at times, where there might be room for improvement. And we must work – and I make this commitment; these are not just empty words – to ensure that we make progress and that, in the role assigned to us, namely when we make observations on Article 46, we shall do our utmost – without overstepping our remit, whilst fully respecting the freedom of means that each state in principle has to implement our judgments – to facilitate the work of the Committee of Ministers.
But we obviously need the political commitment of the States at the next stage, just as we need your intervention, you, the Parliamentary Assembly, to carry out a review of the implementation of our judgments, complementing the practical work undertaken by the Committee of Ministers.
As I said earlier, we need political support. Taking an interest in what is or is not being implemented is also a way of providing political backing to the Court and consolidating its authority. So, some judgments remain, for a long time and very unfortunately, unimplemented. But I shall conclude, in response to your question, by mentioning the 87% rate, which is the average rate of implementation of our judgments – a figure unrivalled by any other international court. And why do we achieve this rate? I believe it is because we work in close co-operation with the Committee of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Now, on behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates, Mr Paweł JABŁOŃSKI.
Thank you, Madam President.
Mister President, the Chișinău Declaration is an expression of the fact that citizens of Europe feel that the European Court of Human Rights increasingly fails to protect their human rights; the right to be safe, the right of women not to be afraid that they would be raped, the right to preserve our national identities in Europe.
What would you say to those that are concerned with the fact that they believe that the European Court of Human Rights fails in this duty? How would you react to the Chișinău Declaration? How would it change the actions of the court?
Mister President.
President of the European Court of Human Rights
17:13:39
Thank you for your question.
You have raised a crucial democratic issue. People need to understand that, contrary to the narrative that is taking hold, the Court is on their side. The Court is their best defence against human rights abuses.
When I referred to the Court’s slogan, ‘A Court for All’ – a Court for everyone – that is precisely what we want people to understand.
How can we help them understand this better? I do indeed hear this sort of comment, these criticisms levelled at the Court. By communicating more effectively, by telling people, for example, that since 1959 the Court has dealt with 1.1 million cases affecting their everyday lives, and that last year, we ruled on 38 000 applications affecting their everyday lives, and that thanks to the convictions handed down by the Court last year and the year before, the definition of rape in French criminal law has been amended to incorporate the concept of full consent, in full accordance with the Istanbul Convention, with the recommendations of a number of bodies, including this Assembly, and with the Court’s correspondence.
It is entirely correct that French criminal law has been amended following certain judgments and that the marital duty, which was still invoked in France in the context of divorce on grounds of fault, has been abolished following a ruling finding France in breach of Article 8.
If we manage to show people, on a case-by-case basis and in concrete terms, that whenever they come before us and raise a specific issue concerning their private life – I am referring to consent, but I could also mention corporal punishment in schools – I could give you 15 000 other examples right now concerning property rights or the right to freedom of expression. Whenever, on the basis of a very concrete, very specific case that concerns the organisation of individual rights within a collective space – which involves striking the right balance between individuals’ fundamental freedoms and the need to ensure that society functions in a spirit of harmonious coexistence, whilst respecting the rights of others, and the public interest, the Court is there. The Court is ready to act.
And we have cases concerning, for example, forced labour in the Republic of Moldova, very recently, and the duty of prevention and co-ordination of police forces in Switzerland.
I could give you 15 examples of each case that affects people’s daily lives. That was the vision of the founders. If we succeed, in everyday life, in civil society, within each State, in ensuring that people feel safe, then you are absolutely right.
At the heart of the issue of democratic security itself – a major project of the Council of Europe – lies the idea that there can be no sustainable democracy if people do not feel safe. Safety is the feeling of being able to live. That sense – that is to say, not just the reality, but the reality combined with the sense – of being able to enjoy one’s freedoms in complete safety.
This is what the Court has been doing since 1959. How do we break the sound barrier? How do we restore to people this clear understanding of the role we play alongside them – but not alone – in partnership with national courts? This is a shared responsibility with national parliaments, which take up our case law where appropriate, and with the other bodies of the Council of Europe.
So, I fully understand your question. There is a real challenge. And that is also why I have made raising the Court’s profile one of the priorities of my term of office. We need to talk to people. We have been holding open days since 1959 so that people can come and see for themselves all the changes that have taken place in people’s lives as a result of a case brought before the Strasbourg Court.
So thank you for contributing too. We need you. We need every single one of you here to be ambassadors for what we do. So, from the observation you’ve made, I draw the conclusion that if you help to dispel this preconception, this prejudice, you will become the Court’s finest ambassador, and I shall thank you not only for asking this question, but for helping to provide the correct answer.
And I am an optimist. I know that all people of goodwill can work together. Whatever their position or their opinions, we share the same values. Thank you for asking the question and for helping me to answer it properly.
Thank you once again.
Now we hear the question of Ms Rian VOGELS on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.
Netherlands, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group
17:18:44
Mister President,
The recent decision of the European Court of Human Rights to strike the remaining applications against Russia from its docket has caused concern among many victims and observers. Even when enforcement may be unlikely, a judgment can still provide recognition and uphold faith in European justice.
Do you believe any realistic alternatives existed, to preserve or defer these cases? And how would you reassure those who see this as a loss for the victims concerned? Thank you.
Thank you, Mister President.
President of the European Court of Human Rights
17:19:21
Thank you very much for that question, because ever since the Lebedeva and Others v. Russia judgment was handed down, you are not the only one to have asked it.
I would like to begin – and this is my role as President of the European Court of Human Rights – by returning to a fundamental, basic principle.
What has been decided is decided, and the Court will not go back on its ruling. This is at the heart of judicial independence. Everyone is free to think what they like of a decision by the Court, and to criticise it – and thank goodness for that. But once the Court has delivered a judgment, it does not renege on it.
And I am here to safeguard this stability, which is an integral part of the separation of powers. We cannot yield, back down or call into question a final judgement, whatever the level of criticism, misunderstanding or pressure – which is not the case with your question, but I wish to state this in more general terms – that this decision may have provoked.
So, that is my starting point. What has been decided must be respected. And I believe that all defenders of democracy agree on the principle that a final judgement remains final. That is the first point.
Now, I would like to revisit a particular point, which I touched upon briefly in my speech, before turning more specifically to the Lebedeva and Others v. Russia ruling. The Court made a decision in 2022 that was by no means a foregone conclusion. It decided to retain its residual jurisdiction over Russian cases. There was a debate in plenary – I was there – and we could very well have said, ‘Let’s stop here’, because Russia is ceasing to be a member of the Council of Europe; the Russian judge’s term of office will come to an end; and when he leaves, well, we’ll simply clear the backlog of Russian cases. We might well have considered this a – shall we say – realistic choice, given that Russia had already decided not to cooperate. It does not reply to our letters when we send our observations, nor does it respond to our questions or our invitations to attend hearings – and, of course, I am speaking before the Committee of Ministers, which is represented here – and it does not comply with our judgments.
The Court has, however, taken the opposite decision. A historic decision.
We will adjudicate not only the Russian cases currently pending – 18 000, as I have indicated – but also all those brought subsequently where the event giving rise to the dispute occurred during this six-month period, that is to say between February and September. That is why, in addition to the 18 000 pending cases, there will be around 10 000 new cases. Since 2020, we have therefore had to deal with 28 000 cases brought against Russia.
We have made this decision because we are well aware that administering justice is not merely a matter of granting relief to the applicants. As you said, it also means that, because justice will be done, Russia will be held to account. It is a way of holding Russia accountable for its human rights abuses. And so, it has symbolic, political and historical significance.
Furthermore, we hope that in the future – as was asked earlier – once Russia has re-joined the international community, the judgments finding it liable will also be enforced. This, therefore, represents a historic decision. And I believe it is important to point out here that the Court is the only international tribunal before which Russia has been held accountable for what has happened over the years. And that includes what has happened since the large-scale invasion of 2022.
Of all the cases we have had to deal with, we have already adjudicated a vast number, in quantitative terms. I would like to make a slight distinction between cases relating to the conflict and cases that do not concern the armed conflict – that is to say, for example, those that do not relate to the conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Through chamber decisions and chamber judgements, we have reasoned through and addressed all the questions of principle that have arisen: violations of freedom of expression, conditions of detention, and arbitrary arrest.
There are 60 Chamber judgments that rule on matters of principle. We then proceeded through our usual channels – that is, through panels of three judges – to issue a whole series of findings of violations following these judgments on matters of principle. However, we also dismissed certain applications because they were inadmissible, and we struck out others.
This Lebedeva and Others v. Russia decision, in fact, is a decision to strike out the cases, concerning the 879 individual cases that do not relate directly or indirectly to an armed conflict directed against Russia. It was a chamber of Section 3 of the Court that took this sovereign decision. And that is why I began by pointing out that its ruling must be respected as emanating from a sovereign judicial decision. But if you look at the Lebedeva and Others v. Russia judgment, it is reasoned. And it is based on a provision of the Convention. The Court did not invent it. It was not out of convenience or on a whim that it struck these cases off the list. It did so by fully applying the Convention, specifically Article 37, both paragraph 1 and paragraph 2. The reasons why the Court considered it could strike these cases off the list are set out in the judgment. No question of principle that had not already been decided in Chamber cases, no vital rights under Article 2, Article 3 at stake, complex procedural issues, and the assessment that the Court’s resources, which are limited and constrained, should be prioritised for cases other than these in the absence, for the time being, of enforcement.
And all of this is set out in the Court’s reasoning. I refer you to the Lebedeva and Others v. Russia judgment. The Court explained why it acted as it did. It did not simply dismiss cases. And the best proof of this is that it applied not only Article 37(1), but also Article 37(2). The decision states this. You may refer back to it. There is this safeguard clause. The door is not closed forever. If new circumstances justify it, and a request is made to that effect, the Court will examine it and the competent bodies – that is to say, the judicial bodies – will take whatever action they deem appropriate.
We are also a pragmatic Court, as I said earlier. So all this might seem theoretical to you. We wanted this to be a genuine and practical possibility for applicants to apply to the Court to request the reopening of their cases. And, together with the Registry, we have decided to set up – as you can see on the Court’s website – on the ‘Applicants’ page – a special link, which has been there for several days, enabling applicants whose cases were struck out by the Lebedeva and Others v. Russia decision, if they are unable to bring a case before us, contact us or access the Court through the normal channels, to make themselves known via this special link. In other words, to say: ‘I want my application to be reconsidered.’ And the Court will, of course, acknowledge receipt. This request will then be dealt with in accordance with standard procedures.
I hope I have answered your question. I would remind you that there are also 5 750 pending cases which will be examined by the Court’s judicial panels, but which are linked to the conflict. What I really want you to understand, with the utmost sincerity – not just my own, but with the determination to reflect the collective commitment of everyone working at the Court – is that we have not abandoned the victims.
This Court, as I said in my reply earlier, is there for the people. So I am trying to make it as clear as possible that the perception – and I take this from this decision – is a misunderstanding. This decision may have appeared to dismiss 879 applications with a stroke of the pen. No. Out of 28 000 cases, these are the ones which, in full compliance with the criteria and conditions laid down by the Treaty, appeared to the Court to be subject to striking out as they stood, but with the safeguard clause leaving the door open, and with the real possibility, thanks to the special relationship, of bringing a case before us.
And so, I would like to set all this out in the context of what the Court has been doing and will continue to do from 2022 onwards, so that, precisely, no one feels abandoned and so that justice may, at least somewhere in Europe, within this Council of Europe of which we are all both participants and promoters, be done.
Thank you for your question, madam.
Thank you.
And now, on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left, Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES.
France, UEL, Spokesperson for the group
17:29:16
Thank you, Madam President.
Mister President, first of all, on behalf of my group, I would like to thank you for having emphasised in your opening remarks – and also in response to a question – that no double standards can be applied to human rights, regardless of a person’s origin, origin or migration history, despite the attacks we have once again heard in this Chamber, which are even reflected in the Chișinău political declaration.
I would like to ask you to elaborate on your response regarding the Lebedeva case, which you have just discussed at length. You referred to Article 37(2) of the Convention. But what specific changes, in terms of administrative procedures and resources, would need to be made for the Court to resume consideration of her applications?
And secondly, what measures could the Parliamentary Assembly take to contribute to this development?
Thank you.
Mister President.
President of the European Court of Human Rights
17:30:07
Well… your question is crucial, but it is not entirely up to me to answer it. For one very simple reason: I began by emphasising the Court’s judicial independence, and as President of the Court, I have a duty to fully safeguard the integrity of the adjudicating chambers.
So when requests, if any, are made, it will be for the Court’s judicial panels – a chamber, for example – to decide whether new circumstances justify such action. And I cannot pre-empt that decision, because, as you know, independence is not only external – we must be protected from any external pressure – but also internal, and it is not the President of the Court alone, fortunately, who adjudicates the Court’s cases. I do not interfere in the decisions handed down by my fellow judges in judicial panels, and I only take part in the adjudication when I am a member of the judicial panel or its President.
So, this is inevitably somewhat of a let-down in relation to your question, but there is a whole aspect that escapes me – and which, fortunately, escapes me, because it actually means that the system functions in such a way that judicial integrity is fully respected.
But I can tell you that, indeed, there are many factors that could change. The first is whether Russia re-engages with the international community. Obviously, at that point, that would be the major ‘macro’ factor, if I may say so, which would almost single-handedly justify a great many applications. And from that point of view, you, the Parliamentary Assembly, can play a role by continuing to work to bring Russia back into the international arena. This is precisely where our roles complement one another, and I would say the same to the Committee of Ministers. You are politicians, you are governments, you are parliamentarians, and that is your role. We judges can only deal with the situation as it stands.
And as things stand, we have no influence over Russia’s return to the framework of the liberal international order. So the first thing you can do – and believe me, we are all committed, each in our own capacity, to ensuring that the rule of law is upheld – is to ensure that Russia returns. So yes, that is perhaps such a broad answer that it is hardly any more satisfactory than the refusal to… well, the non-answer I could have given.
Furthermore, and this is what I understood, could the issue of the resources allocated to the Court be a factor? Yes, of course. I said so in my speech. The Court’s budget is insufficient. We are currently working with a budget – and I would like to thank the Chair of the Committee of Ministers, who is fully committed to supporting the Court – but it is a budget that is insufficient to enable us to carry out our mission to the best of our ability. Less than 90 million euros for 38 000 cases heard, for a population of 700 million people subject to the Court’s jurisdiction – that is not enough.
We are dependent on voluntary contributions from states to fund the salaries of dozens of legal experts. I would like to thank all the states that make these voluntary contributions. And every time I meet a minister, I ask them for a voluntary contribution. But you can see that, in terms of autonomy, in principle, it is not satisfactory in terms of sustainable resources to be dependent on such and such a payment into this or that special account of the Court.
Furthermore, as I said earlier, these voluntary contributions are falling. If they fall any further, we will have to terminate certain contracts, which means we will have fewer legal officers. And if we have fewer legal officers, we will hear fewer cases, as the Court and its 46 judges work alongside the legal officers. And that is how we are able to adjudicate 38 000 cases properly, without cutting corners, whilst respecting those subject to trial and ensuring the quality of the justice delivered.
So yes, generally speaking, whilst you are pushing for our regular budget to be maintained – and I thank you for that, as it must be maintained – the 2% cannot be applied to the Court; this is a vital issue for the integrity of the Council of Europe’s judicial system.
And I hear that people sometimes ask for an explanation as to why the Court is asking for the ‘minus 2%’ clause not to be applied to it, because otherwise we will have to shut up shop. And it is quite simple. Because dealing with 38 000 cases – and as I said earlier, we have 1 000 new cases arriving every month – even just with the series of cases concerning the dismissal of Turkish civil servants following the foiled coup, we simply won’t be able to carry on.
So maintaining the regular budget is the bare minimum. Voluntary contributions – until we have more – are essential. In an ideal world, we’d have more. The budget of the Court in Luxembourg is over 500 million euros. Can you imagine the difference? We do not do the same job, but can you imagine the difference in scale? I am not asking for 500 million euros – of course not – but a few ten or a few hundred thousand euros more, yes, that would enable us to put in place more efficient procedures, reduce the time taken to reach a judgement, and hear other cases when the state’s resources do not allow us to deal with them.
So, yes, that particular issue is a short-term adjustment variable.
And I thank you for suggesting this possibility.
I can tell you that we are a Court that does the best it can with the little it has.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
That brings us to the end because we have to conclude now that we ran out of time.
You were very elaborate but we would have 18 other people who would have liked to ask, but we now have other sittings, other meetings so we have to end now.
Next time we will pack in more for sure but thank you very much for answering our questions so very carefully. I also appreciate that of course, thank you.
[Off mic] It's fine.
I also want to thank that so many ambassadors are here today. I trust that you also will bring the messages not only about budgets but also about the budget issues back home.
And before I conclude, I would like to make an announcement. I can tell you that in view of the numbers of speakers to speak, the speaking limit for the current affairs debate on "Solidarity with Ceuta: a best case for Europe" tomorrow morning, will be 3 minutes instead of 2. But only for this debate and not for the whole day.
The Assembly will hold its next public sitting tomorrow morning at 10:00 a.m. with the agenda which was approved earlier today.
The sitting is adjourned.