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02 October 2024 morning

2024 - Fourth part-session Print sitting

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Opening of the sitting No 28

Debate: The detention and conviction of Julian Assange and their chilling effects on human rights

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:02:13

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.

The sitting is open. I remind members that they should insert the badge before taking the floor.

As you begin your speech, please press the microphone button once only.

The first item of business this morning is the debate on the report titled "The detention and conviction of Julian ASSANGE and their chilling effects on human rights" (Document 16040). Presented by Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR on behalf of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights.

We will finish the speaker's list, replies and the vote by midday.

I call Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR, rapporteur.

You have 7 minutes now and 3 minutes at the end to reply to the debate.

Press the button once and check if the card is inside.

Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR

Iceland, SOC, Rapporteur

10:03:43

Dear colleagues, my voice has failed me on this big day, so I will have a very brief speech in the beginning and hope to regain it so that I can answer your comments.

Dear colleagues,

The draft resolution before you devotes significant attention to one man, but the consequences of Mr Julian ASSANGE's prosecution and conviction extend far beyond a single person.

I fear that this dangerous precedent poses a grave threat to media freedom, and consequently, overall to democracy.

In 2007, in this very hall, the Assembly adopted a resolution on secret detentions and illegal transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states.

We've called to reduce to a reasonable minimum the restrictions of transparency founded on concepts of state secrecy and national security, which were hampering investigations into secret service's wrongful acts concerning secret detentions and unlawful transfers of detainees.

Unfortunately, this call was not heeded by our member states and instead we punished the whistleblower and the publisher.

This report is an effort to rectify this mistake, and I hope that you can all support it.

And I hope that I can better participate in the debate after I've heard from my dear colleagues.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:05:20

Thank you, Miss ÆVARSDÓTTIR.

And in the debate, I call first Lord Richard KEEN from the United Kingdom, who will speak on behalf of European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance.

Lord Richard KEEN

United Kingdom, EC/DA, Spokesperson for the group

10:05:43

Dear colleagues,

People sometimes ask where lies the power of the Council of Europe? They talk of Article 46 of the Convention. They talk of the Committee of Ministers. But they perhaps fail to recognise that the true power lies in the moral authority of this Assembly. It is both a shield and a sword. It is something that has been difficult to acquire and would be all too easy to lose or compromise.

In order to maintain that moral authority, we must always ensure that our statements, our requests, our reports are properly researched, entirely accurate and legally correct.

Our reports should be designed to satisfy and impress the recipients, not the authors. Not the Assembly. A polemic style combined with hyperbole or exaggeration may satisfy those with fixed opinions but is less likely to persuade those who need to be persuaded. A good argument can never be improved by exaggeration. There are many aspects of the Mr Julian ASSANGE case that I find deeply disturbing and that all of us should find deeply disturbing. But to label Mr Julian ASSANGE as a political prisoner is factually erroneous and legally incorrect. And indeed, it is an affront to those who are genuinely political prisoners. Mr Osman KAVALA in Türkiye, until recently, Mr Vladimir KARAMUZA and the many others in Russia who, in terms of Article 18 of our Convention and Resolution 1900 of 2012, clearly fall into that category.

As I say, I'm deeply disturbed by many aspects of the ASSANGE case, but I note the following: he left Sweden in 2010 following complaints of sexual misconduct. They immediately issued an international warrant for his arrest. Under international law, the United Kingdom responded to that and the request for his extradition. They granted ASSANGE bail. He was free. He appealed the extradition order for two years, and when that failed, he fled to the Ecuadorian embassy. He remained there for seven years. Thereafter, the United States opened an indictment. I may have material reservations about that indictment, but the fact is that his detention in the United Kingdom was not as a political prisoner. And for us to assert that in this report diminishes the report, and indeed, I fear, will result in a report that I would like to see on a minister's desk – with a great thump – simply sliding into a waste bin.

Colleagues, I urge you to consider the moral authority of this Assembly and the danger of it being undermined.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:09:32

Thank you very much.

And on behalf of Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ.

Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ

Bosnia and Herzegovina, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group

10:09:44

Thank you.

In the spring of 1992, American journalist Mr Ron HAVIV took photos of Serb soldiers brutally murdering civilians in Bosnia and Herzegovina and capturing an image of a soldier kicking a woman that he just shot.

The images did not stop the war, did not stop genocide or ethnic cleansing. But we can take small satisfaction in the fact that these images were used at the International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia as an evidence that resulted in the conviction of Mr Radovan KARADŽIĆ for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide against Bosnian Muslims.

This report should not be seen as a referendum on Mr Julian ASSANGE. It is much bigger than Mr Julian ASSANGE.

I think we, as legislators, have the responsibility not only to be witnesses and not only to observe and be worried, but to take action. And the way we can take action is by legislating. We are legislators and therefore we should legislate. We should all be worried about serious evidence of misuse of state security and intelligence services. And it is something that we need to take seriously in our countries as well.

We are deeply worried about journalistic freedoms being in a way overshadowed by instances of disproportionate punishments, disproportionate to the crimes, which we can all agree is questionable, how proportionate the punishment for Mr Julian ASSANGE was to the potential crimes committed.

But at the same time, we have a responsibility not to be led by emotions, but to be led by facts. And we are not a judicial body. And this is not a trial. This is not a trial, neither for Mr Julian ASSANGE nor for governments involved.

What I would like to underline from the report is asking for research, asking for examination, and taking serious action in terms of self regulating democracies that we live in, in terms of taking responsible action in determining whether there were instances of abuse, of torture, of him being a political prisoner. But it is not up to us to decide that, or make these conclusions within reports.

So I would like to urge us to take our responsibilities seriously, to protect journalistic freedoms, to make sure that they are not stifled by these kinds of occurrences of disproportionate punishments, and to see the larger effects of these kinds of activities.

It takes bravery to work on this report. Let's not muddle the waters of this report, muddle the importance and the research that went into it by jumping to conclusions. Let's be responsible.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:12:57

Thank you very much.

And now I give the floor to Mr Andrej HUNKO on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left.

Mr Andrej HUNKO

Germany, UEL, Spokesperson for the group

10:13:07

Thank you, Madam President,

Thank you, Madam President,

I will speak in German. First of all, I would like to thank the rapporteur, dear Sunna, for this great report, for the work you have done. And I think it is a very good result that has emerged. And I hope that we will be able to adopt it later.

I would also like to welcome Julian and Stella ASSANGE, who are here - it's great that you've come, because I think it's also very good that we're having this debate here.

I have often said in this Assembly that the case of Mr Julian ASSANGE is the most important case of a political prisoner today. Why is that so? Because the implications of the Julian Assange case are so far-reaching. If it is possible for a powerful state to arrest journalists worldwide on the basis of its own law if they make its war crimes public, then we have a problem – a fundamental problem for the future too. And if, at the same time, the laws of this state, i.e. the protection of freedom of expression, no longer apply to European, Australian or other journalists, for example. This has an incredibly far-reaching effect on the future of journalism, on the future of freedom of expression. And that is also the reason why we have not only called for the immediate release of Julian ASSANGE three times in this Assembly since January 2020, but also why there has been a worldwide movement for his release that I cannot compare with any other case in recent years or decades.

I also remember the human chain in London, where several thousand people from all continents came to form a human chain around Westminster. And that is precisely because people feel the implications of this case. In my country, in Germany, there are ASSANGE groups in every city for this reason, which have been taking to the streets day after day for years, even in bad weather, to spread the word. It's really great that this assembly has now made a report. It's great, Julian, that you are free.

And I would like to end with a quote from Mr Julian ASSANGE himself: "If wars can be started by lies, peace can be started by truth." And I think that's something we should take to heart in a time of increasing wars.

Thank you very much for your attention.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:16:32

Thank you, Mister HUNKO.

And now I give the floor to Ms Derya TÜRK-NACHBAUR from the Socialist Group.

Ms Derya TÜRK-NACHBAUR

Germany, SOC, Spokesperson for the group

10:16:42

Thank you, Madam Chair, I'm gonna speak in German.

Madam President,

Dear colleagues,

"If freedom means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they don't want to hear," said George ORWELL.

And that is precisely why it is important to stand up for the fact that the press has the freedom to say everything, so that certain people do not have the freedom to do everything.

On behalf of the Socialist Group, I would like to thank my colleague Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR for this truly outstanding report, which is a stark reminder of the seriousness of the challenges we face. This report puts its finger on the bleeding wound of truths behind bars in a profound way. We are here today at a crucial moment for the protection of human rights. I think this also became very clear in the public hearing in the Committee with Mr Julian ASSANGE.

Many famous names could be mentioned who have paid the price for the freedom to publish truths with the loss of their own freedom.

Mr Can DÜNDAR, for example, also feels the demonstration of power of the powerful after being imprisoned in his home country of Türkiye, now also in his exile in Germany.

However, the case of Mr Julian ASSANGE is the one that shows us the importance of freedom of expression and the right to information in the most dramatic way. The persecution of Mr Julian ASSANGE by the USA due to his publication of secret documents has sparked the global debate on freedom of the press, human rights and the protection of whistleblowers. And I say: rightly so.

Mr Julian ASSANGE and his family have paid an unimaginably high price. And that is why I am glad to see you here with us today. The case of Mr Julian ASSANGE is emblematic of the challenges facing journalists and activists around the world.

We must ensure that cases like this do not become a dangerous precedent for the suppression of the free press. We must not allow the bearers of inconvenient news to end up in the dock.

Preserving freedom is not a matter of course. It requires the constant commitment of everyone, including us in this room. That is why it will not be enough to make recommendations to our member states. We must act! We must strengthen the mechanisms that strengthen civil society. We must strengthen the mechanisms that better document violations of press freedom and impose clearer sanctions on those responsible.

We have a responsibility to defend our common values. Let us learn the necessary lessons from this report and act decisively to protect human rights in Europe and strengthen democracy.

Don't kill the messenger! Thank you for your attention.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:19:49

Thank you, Miss TÜRK-NACHBAUR.

And now I give the floor to Mr Vladimir VARDANYAN on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party.

Mr Vladimir VARDANYAN

Armenia, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group

10:19:56

Thank you, Madam Chair.

Ladies and gentlemen,

First, I would like to extend my sincere congratulations to Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR for her excellent report which tackles the core issues of freedom of speech, transparency, and protection of human rights.

Yesterday, many of us had the privilege of participation in the public hearing with Mr Julian ASSANGE. This provided a unique opportunity to delve deeper into his case and reaffirm the vital importance of upholding the rule of law and human rights principles that are the foundation of every single democratic society.

The case of Mr Julian ASSANGE raises profound concerns about human rights, freedom of the press, and the delicate balance between the state security, transparency, and access to information. His prolonged prosecution and imprisonment have created a chilling effect on journalists and whistleblowers worldwide.

The very essence of journalism —publishing information in the public interest— has come under threat.

At the same time, ASSANGE's case has fundamentally reshaped our thinking. After ASSANGE, the world will not be the same.

The resolution we are considering today goes beyond ASSANGE's individual case. It impacts anyone who dares to challenge state power in the name of accountability and transparency.

One can't deny that publications by WikiLeaks revealed credible evidence of serious human rights violations, governmental misconducts, and international wrongdoings.

Yet, instead of this, instead of addressing the issues of the graves security, the focus has shifted to the punishing of the messenger. This created dangerous precedent that could deter future whistleblowers and investigative journalists from exposing the truth.

Respect for state security, sovereign rights and legitimate aims of the democratic states is an important pillar for the sustainable functioning of state apparatus.

We must also remember that while protecting national security and the protection of the state secrets are quite essential, we must never save as a shield for concealing serious violation of human rights. State secrecy shouldn't be used to cover up crimes such as torture, enforced disappearances, or illegal detentions.

Governments must refrain from using legal frameworks as an instrument of politically motivated prosecutions.

The fairness and impartiality of judicial processes are critical to maintaining public trust in democracy.

This case tests our collective commitment to human rights and press freedom.

If we tolerate the persecution of those who reveal the truth, we undermine the very foundation of pluralistic democratic society. The core values of our organisation oblige us to stand firmly in defence of justice, the rule of law, transparency, and human rights.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:23:22

Thank you very much, Mister VARDANYAN.

And now we go to Ms Gökçe GÖKÇEN from Türkiye.

Ms Gökçe GÖKÇEN

Türkiye, SOC

10:23:32

Thank you, Madam Chairman.

Ladies and gentlemen,

First of all, I would like to thank the rapporteur for her excellent work.

The treatment and disproportionate sanctions imposed on Mr Julian ASSANGE are creating a chilling effect on the media, not only in the United States but around the world.

Disclosing evidence of serious human rights violations is an act of journalism.

An abuse of the Espionage Act sends a message to many authoritarian regimes, some of which are the subjects of the information shared by Wikileaks. This message encourages them to further threaten our democracies.

Abuse of the Espionage Act sends a second message, this time to citizens: individuals testify that if they speak out against rights violations, they can be marginalised, even punished.

Today, laws similar to the Espionage Act are in the pipeline in many countries. These laws target not only journalism, but also civil society activities, freedom of association and even diplomatic activities. Even just through public rumours, laws of this type create a dissuasive effect. I know of associations that have ceased their activities in Türkiye.

Of course, it's normal for states to have secrets for reasons of national security, and to want to protect these secrets. But the question is: where do we draw the line? In Europe and throughout the world, during a time of geopolitical crisis, we have security problems, and we'll have them again. The question is: how are we going to combat these security problems? Within the framework of the rule of law and our democratic values, or outside them?

We must always respect our core values. Human rights, freedom of expression, freedom of association: these are the values that make Europe Europe.

Thank you very much.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:25:38

Thank you, Miss GÖKÇEN.

And now Mr Christophe BRICO from Monaco.

Mr Christophe BRICO

Monaco, EPP/CD

10:25:45

Thank you, Madam Chairman.

I would also like to congratulate the rapporteur for the excellent report which has been presented today, which raises the fundamental question of the right to information and the right balance to be struck between necessary state secrecy, essential for protection in a dangerous world, and the right of journalists to do their job and keep the public informed.

What is all the more surprising, in this case, is that this work has been celebrated. It's the Pentagon Papers, published by the New York Times and the Washington Post, which are not very different from the case before us today. It's Bob WOODWARD and Carl BERNSTEIN and Watergate.

These people are celebrated heroes, they've been shown, they've been the subject of films, and I think we have to be careful that information is accessible to the public. Because information is the first resource of democracy. An informed public is the only one capable of making informed decisions, and all the debates we've been having since the beginning of this week are pointing in the same direction.

It's important to ensure that journalists can disseminate information, protect their sources and protect whistle-blowers, so that the public can continue to be enlightened.

Thank you all very much.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:27:15

Thank you, Mister BRICO.

And now I give the floor to Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU from Cyprus.

Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU

Cyprus, SOC

10:27:27

Thank you for this very revealing report.

This must be a wake-up call.

The ASSANGE case must truly be a wake-up call for the future in the face of the suppression of political freedoms for European citizens in the name of an abusive political correctness.

The unfair treatment of Mr Julian ASSANGE is shocking. This is an obstacle to the defence of human rights, and especially media freedom and freedom of information.

Mr Julian ASSANGE was instrumentalised in order to create a climate of fear, creating a chilling effect on the media, to silence them.

The harsh and disproportionate treatment of Mr Julian ASSANGE reveals how dysfunctional our democratic institutions are, and the practices of some governments which are unacceptable, especially when their interests are threatened by the revelation of the truth.

Revealing the truth should not be prosecuted on the pretext of national security. On the contrary, we must protect such whistleblowing or secret information, first of all, through self-regulation and according to the principles of responsibility and transparency. In Mr Julian ASSANGE's case, all this has been instrumentalised for repressive purposes against the principles of the rule of law.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:29:37

Thank you, Mister EFSTATHIOU.

And now I give the floor to Ms Anna-Kristiina MIKKONEN from Finland.

Ms Anna-Kristiina MIKKONEN

Finland, SOC

10:29:47

Madam Chairman,

Dear colleagues,

First of all, I would like to thank the rapporteur, Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR, for her commendable work.

In an age of fake news and alternative realities, the ability to read and assess sources critically is vital. In Europe and around the world, the importance of press freedom and freedom of expression is emphasised because of the threats it faces. The media and journalists have their share of responsibility in combating the spread of propaganda.

For the sake of our shared values, we need to strengthen confidence in democratic institutions and increase the resilience of society as a whole. The role of "public watchdog" guarantees the proper functioning of democratic states governed by the rule of law. This role is particularly relevant in light of the brutality of ongoing armed conflicts, and the increasing number and severity of transnational acts of repression.

If public institutions themselves fail to react appropriately to abuses, the role of the press and whistle-blowers becomes crucial. WikiLeaks publications, for example, have confirmed the existence of secret prisons, abductions and illegal prisoner transfers carried out by the USA on European soil.

The first proceedings against Mr Julian ASSANGE concerned accusations of computer hacking. Mr Julian ASSANGE has also been charged under the US Espionage Act of 1917. Mr Julian ASSANGE became the first publisher to be prosecuted under this legislation for disclosing classified information obtained from a whistleblower.

The ASSANGE case, and especially the role of Ms Chelsey MANNING, is a good example of why we must continue to work actively for better protection for whistleblowers worldwide.

Thank you for your attention.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:32:30

Thank you, Miss MIKKONEN.

And now I give the floor to Mr Paul GAVAN from Ireland.

Mr Paul GAVAN

Ireland, UEL

10:32:35

Thank you, Madam Chairperson.

This week we saw the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe at its worst, and at its best.

Its worst moment was the continuing refusal to take a stand against the genocide being prosecuted against the Palestinian people.

Its best moment was the powerful testimony of Julian ASSANGE at the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights yesterday.

I salute Julian ASSANGE for his incredible courage and valour. I salute the work of all of those, both within and outside this Assembly, who have worked for Julian ASSANGE's freedom. And I believe it was truly significant that Julian ASSANGE, in his remarks, made a number of references both to Ukraine and Gaza and the deliberate murder of journalists in both locations.

So I want to commend the rapporteur for this powerful and timely report. The calling out of transnational repression and politically motivated prosecution should be recognised and commended. It is needed now more than ever.

And please let us reject, in the strongest terms, this attempt to deny that Julian ASSANGE's incarceration and torture were not politically motivated. The dogs in the street know that Julian ASSANGE's case was all about politics. As an Irish republican, I would also point out that Britain unfortunately has a long history of denying political prisoners.

We need to look at the subject matter that Julian ASSANGE exposed, which was political, the exposure of war crimes. We need to look at the vital public information that he put into the public domain, which was of a political nature. We need to look at the offence with which he was charged, a textbook political offence. Not to mention the fact that the CIA planned to kidnap and assassinate him.

How on earth could this not be a political action?

Julian ASSANGE put it best yesterday. He said "The fundamental issue is simple: Journalists should not be prosecuted for doing their jobs.".

One of the most frustrating things over the last five years is that a large chunk of the body politic, both here and across Europe, chose to bury their heads in the sand. They chose to be silent in relation to this outrageous series of acts against this fine man. And it's disappointing to note that today this is the shortest list of political speakers for any debate this week. What does that tell us about the continuing silence?

So the least we can do today is endorse this report. Endorse this excellent report. Because our job is to defend media freedom and it's needed now more than ever.

And I will finish with another short quotation from Julian ASSANGE yesterday, which I think should also apply to us all.

"Let us stop gagging, torturing and killing each other for a change.".

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:35:42

Thank you, Mister GAVAN.

And now, Mr Didier MARIE from France.

Mr Didier MARIE

France, SOC

10:35:57

Thank you, Madam President.

I too would like to congratulate our colleague Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR on the quality of her report, and to thank Mr Julian ASSANGE for having spoken before the Committee of Legal Affairs for the first time since he was released from prison.

His case has been of constant concern to our Assembly, which back in 2011 adopted a resolution on the abuse of state secrecy and national security as an obstacle to parliamentary and judicial oversight of human rights violations.

Mr Julian ASSANGE's case is not just an individual one, even if we can imagine the impact of the last 14 years on him. His case highlights the tension between state secrecy and democracy, between state secrecy and respect for human rights, between protecting the interests of states and protecting whistleblowers.

The resolution proposed today is balanced, insofar as it recognises the legitimacy of measures designed to provide adequate protection for national security secrets. However, the draft resolution strongly reaffirms that information concerning the responsibility of state officials who have committed war crimes or serious human rights violations are not secrets that should be protected.

While some people sometimes believe that respect for the rule of law and human rights is something adjustable and flexible, it seems very important that we state once again the principles of the European Convention on Human Rights in their entirety. The Convention is not a menu that you can cherry pick. Human rights must not be denied or diminished depending on the circumstances.

Yesterday, before the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, Mr Julian ASSANGE said that he was free today not because the system had worked, but because after years of incarceration, he had pleaded guilty to journalism, guilty of seeking information from a source and informing the public of the nature of that information.

Our rapporteur underlines what is at stake here, the proportionality of what he was accused of in the United States. He fears that his conviction under the Espionage Act may create a chilling effect for journalists, editors, whistleblowers and media outlets.

This is a very complex debate, legally speaking.

I would underline that the case of Mr Julian ASSANGE, as well as others, has led to legislative adaptations in many states. Under the presidency of Mr François HOLLANDE, the French Parliament adopted in 2016 a first law on the protection of whistleblowers, which was adjusted in 2022, transposing a European directive at the initiative of a former member of this Assembly, Mr Sylvain WASERMAN.

I hope that this debate and the proposed resolution will be heard beyond the Council of Europe, and enable us to protect freedom of expression and whistleblowers.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:39:05

Thank you, Mister Didier MARIE.

And now, Mr Julian PAHLKE from Germany.

Mr Julian PAHLKE

Germany, SOC

10:39:14

Thank you, Madam Chair.

First of all, thank you for coming here, Julian.

It's a pleasure and a privilege having you here in this Parliamentary Assembly that is a democratic assembly for the protection of human rights.

And dear Sunna, thank you for looking into this matter with diligence, patience, and a clear view on what is important on this topic.

Mr Julian ASSANGE is a journalist, I would say, of a different kind. He's not writing catchy articles, selecting headlines, but he was publishing, and therefore this considers to be journalism. And therefore, the release is not a win for the freedom of press. At the end, it was a deal that was helping the United States to maintain their image.

And Mr Julian ASSANGE is not a whistleblower. He was handling the data others provided to WikiLeaks, and WikiLeaks and their behaviour can be debated on a moral basis, but not on a legal one.

But the consequences for the freedom of press are a chilling effect. And in the centre of this chilling effect and the root cause is the espionage act.

And the consequences, we need to pay attention to what the consequences for our member states, for the Council of Europe, and for Europe itself, can be.

And I believe we need an umbrella, an umbrella of protection against the Espionage Act in the Council of Europe member states, to protect civil society organisation, to protect the freedom of press and to protect whistleblowers and those who are publishing their data and knowledge.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:41:15

Thank you, Mister PAHLKE.

And now Ms Petra BAYR from Austria.

Ms Petra BAYR

Austria, SOC

10:41:20

Yes, thank you very much.

I would also like to start by thanking Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR for this important report, but of course, also Mr Julian ASSANGE, not only for his courage over all these years, but also for finding his first way here to us in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe three months after his release. I think this is also important because it is a sign of the relevance of the Council of Europe when it comes to fighting for press freedom, which is increasingly under threat, when it comes to really giving whistleblowers the protection they urgently need.

We see that the situation in general worldwide goes far beyond the case of Julian ASSANGE. Especially in times of a global shift to the right, it will be necessary to become even more active in order to protect press freedom, to guarantee independent media their right to exist, to protect the truth, to protect critical voices, especially in order to be able to fight against fake news, which we are seeing more and more.

Freedom of speech and freedom of the press are one of the foundations of free societies. As a personal anecdote, it was also the issue that led me into politics at the age of 15, when I became politically active against the censorship of school newspapers in Vienna. I have found freedom of the press extremely important all my life.

Of course, I am not only happy about the release of Mr Julian ASSANGE. That is very, very fine and has taken a long time, far too long. What I really regret in this context, however, is that it is not a court ruling that forms the basis for this release, because I think it would have been very, very important for all those who point out abuses, who bring abuses to light and make them public, to have real legal certainty. Without a clear court ruling, be it from British courts or from the European Court of Human Rights, neither of which has unfortunately been able to deliver a judgment, there is of course a fear that such abuses will remain and that there will be no legal basis for all those who speak out freely and openly about problems.

I believe we should make up for this. I believe we should take away the fear of all those who bring abuses to light, the fear of experiencing a fate such as that which Mr Julian ASSANGE quite unjustly had to endure for years in solitary confinement in terrible circumstances.

Free societies must be able to rely on abuses being exposed. It is an important step on the way to a better society, on the way to a perfect society.

Thank you very much.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:44:28

Thank you, Miss BAYR.

And now the floor goes to Mr George LOUCAIDES from Cyprus.

Mr George LOUCAIDES

Cyprus, UEL

10:44:37

Thank you, Madam Chairperson, dear colleagues,

I want to extend my deep appreciation to our rapporteur for her important report addressing a matter that has sparked considerable concern both across Europe, the US, and beyond.

I fully share the rapporteur's deep alarm over the profound implications that Mr Julian ASSANGE's previous continued detention and eventual conviction under the Espionage Act entails for the future of press freedom, human rights and investigative journalism.

The findings of this report highlight a troubling precedent. A journalist has been prosecuted for publishing information exposing state misconduct, including war crimes, torture, arbitrary detention, and other human rights violations. This strikes at the very heart of democratic accountability.

It is essential that we recognise the long term chilling effects on freedom of expression on a global scale.

Let us not forget that investigative journalists, who often risk their lives and liberty to expose injustice, rely on the ability to publish sensitive information in order to be able to inform us, the public, of governmental wrongdoings.

Mr Julian ASSANGE's case sets an alarming precedent for journalists and whistleblowers, who now face criminal prosecution simply for doing their duty in revealing the truth. Furthermore, journalists working for small media outlets or as independent editors many times lack the financial ability to meet the subsequent legal burdens and costs to defend themselves.

By targeting investigative journalists, dear colleagues, silencing impartial and responsible reporting and covering up corruption-related allegations, we are in fact, sending a clear signal that those who reveal government crimes, rather than those who commit them, will be the ones punished.

Furthermore, we are deeply concerned that such actions will discourage other journalists and media organisations from reporting on issues of significant public concern. This will lead to increased self censorship. Such a development would, in the long run, erode the foundation of democracy itself, where informed citizens hold their governments accountable.

For those of us committed to defending the rights of workers, minorities and the most vulnerable, this is not just an abstract legal question. The ability to expose abuses of power and corruption are essential in the fight for social justice, equality, and human dignity.

Mr Julian ASSANGE's case therefore echoes our broader efforts aimed at protecting our democratic institutions and our right to freely question and criticise those in positions of authority.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:47:47

Thank you, Mister LOUCAIDES.

And now, Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES from France.

Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES

France, UEL

10:47:58

Thank you, Madam Chairman.

Dear colleagues,

Madam and Mister ASSANGE,

I'd like to start by thanking the rapporteur for her valuable work, with which I fully agree.

The reason we are here today is not just Julian ASSANGE: we are also here for Sabri AL QURASHI, an artist who has painted over 3 000 pictures to date, and whose art radiates around the world. Sabri AL QURASHI was tortured for fifteen years at Guantánamo and released without trial or charge. He lost more than a third of his life. We know this from WikiLeaks' Guantánamo Bay detainee assessment reports, which revealed the illegal extradition and torture of 780 Muslim men and boys, many of them innocent and sold for bounties.

We are here for Khaled EL-MASRI, a German citizen who was kidnapped, extradited, sodomised and tortured by eight CIA agents while on vacation in Macedonia. We also know that this was a case of mistaken identity for which the United States then pressured the German government not to prosecute its agents. And Mr Khaled EL-MASRI used the WikiLeaks press releases to demonstrate this to the European Court of Human Rights, which ruled in his favour.

Yes, Julian ASSANGE has worked for human rights by revealing the involvement of so-called democratic states in unspeakable crimes. He has also worked in the public interest, and in particular for my country, France, by revealing that the US National Security Agency, the NSA, wiretapped three French presidents between 2006 and 2013.

In France, in September 2023, Disclose investigative journalist Ariane LAVRILLEUX was held in police custody for 39 hours and her home searched. Her telephone and computer data were collected. Two years earlier, she had revealed that France was guilty of complicity in the extrajudicial execution of hundreds of people in Egypt.

By voting today in favor of the text submitted to us, we will contribute, with the echo allowed by this institution, to ensuring that the persecution of Julian ASSANGE is not repeated.

Yes, for all his revelations, for having exercised his profession as a journalist in the most demanding and dazzling way, Julian ASSANGE has been incarcerated as a political prisoner. Resolution 1900 of 2012 clearly establishes the criteria for political detention: a person deprived of his or her personal freedom must be considered a political prisoner if the detention has been imposed in violation of one of the fundamental guarantees set out in the European Convention on Human Rights and its protocols, and in particular freedom of expression.

Dear colleagues,

We have a great responsibility to ensure justice for those who have been killed, maimed and brutalised in the wars that have preceded us, but also, tragically, for those that are ongoing and those that will take place.

Today, we must make our contribution to ensuring that journalists are not silenced or killed with impunity, to guaranteeing that civilians can live in peace, and to fostering a democratic culture in our societies.

Thank you all very much.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:51:20

Thank you, Mister FERNANDES.

And now Ms Laura CASTEL from Spain.

Ms Laura CASTEL

Spain, UEL

10:51:27

Thank you, Chair, colleagues,

Every day we make choices that set the course of the daily lives and human rights of millions of citizens.

Since I am here, I seek to do this duty with diligence and in good conscience, because, after all, if we, as the guardians of the European Convention, do not choose to secure human rights, who else will?

There are a number of important areas covered in this excellent report, including transnational repression, extraterritorial application of US laws, absolute impunity for war criminals, and more.

Besides, I want to acknowledge the suffering of Mr Julian ASSANGE's loved ones and of him, but I also want to take you to closer to my home in Catalonia and the Pegasus affair when at least 70 members of Catalan civil society were systematically and repeatedly spied upon.

Because there is something to be said about impunity for illegal surveillance. There is a direct line from the impunity from Spain spying on dissident voices, lawyers, journalists and politicians destroying democracy, and not to addressing the WikiLeaks revelations of the US spying on 125 German officials, including Madame Angela MERKEL.

Similarly, there is also a direct line to illegal surveillance by the US of Mr Julian ASSANGE's privileged legal and medical conversations inside the sovereign embassy using a Spanish security firm.

So what does this say about the rule of law in United Kingdom and the Council of Europe if we, the guardians of the rule of law, say okay for legal processes that forces an innocent and tortured journalist to admit to espionage in order not to die in prison.

And regarding journalist protections, the European Court of Human Rights views the solicitation and publication of information as essential journalistic activities and Mr Julian ASSANGE's actions are protected under these principles.

Furthermore, the charges against Mr Julian ASSANGE serve to deter journalists and whistleblowers from exposing US actions in the war on terror despite no harm having been proven.

In 14 years the US has not shown that the WikiLeaks publications caused any harm, which was acknowledged in demanding a trial and plea agreement. So I urge you to vote in favour of this report, for the rule of law, for human rights and for democracy.

Thank you, Chair. Thank you very much, Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR, "thank you Julian Assange" [spoken in Spanish].

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:54:30

Thank you, Madam CASTEL.

And that concludes the list of speakers.

As we still have some time, is there anyone here who would like to contribute in the debate? I don't see anyone.

So we go to the procedure with the documents we have. Now, I call the rapporteur, Ms ÆVARSDÓTTIR, to reply. You have 3 minutes.

Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR

Iceland, SOC, Rapporteur

10:55:04

Thank you, Madam President.

Dear colleagues, I would like to thank you for this good debate about this important topic. And I would like to point out that if you look at the definition of a political prisoner, Mr Julian ASSANGE and his case fulfils this definition.

He was convicted for engaging in acts of journalism. This is a clear instance of a politically motivated incarceration.

If it were any other country, if it were one of the countries that we are happy to point towards having political prisoners on a regular basis here in the Parliamentary Assembly, I don't think that there would be much of a question on whether or not this Assembly is fit to determine whether someone is or is not a political prisoner.

We did indeed ourselves create this definition. So, of course, we are mandated to determine when someone fulfils this definition. We have done it many times before in other reports of this Assembly.

So, we are not a court, but we are a standard-setting body of human rights. And if we shy away from telling the truth on this subject matter, I fear that we lose all credibility. It shouldn't matter where a person is incarcerated based on political grounds. It should matter that it happened, and that we say that it shouldn't be allowed to happen.

We must ask ourselves, what does this case say to those who risk their lives to report on corruption, war crimes, and human rights abuses?

It says that if you dare to publish the truth, you may face the full wrath of the law, however archaic and unjust the law is.

It says that in the struggle between power and truth, power will prevail, and that is a message that no democratic society should ever allow its government to send. That is a message that the Assembly must forcefully reject.

I have done my homework on this report. I have examined the aspects of this case very thoroughly. I have met with Julian ASSANGE while he was in Belmarsh Prison, and I am happy to welcome him here as a free man.

But we must not allow his case to be repeated. We cannot allow the United States or any other state to sentence journalists for doing journalistic work, to chase them across borders, to send the message that you are not safe wherever you are, if you report on secrets about war crimes, abductions, torture, secret prisons, the prisoners in Guantanamo Bay. That instead of the perpetrators of those crimes being prosecuted, the person that told us about them is put in prison and humiliated.

I hope, dear colleagues, you can support this report. It's incredibly important. And I thank you all for this debate.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:58:31

Thank you, Madam ÆVARSDÓTTIR.

And I would like to ask Ms VASYLENKO, would you like to speak on the behalf of Committee?

Ms Lesia VASYLENKO

Ukraine, ALDE, Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights

10:58:42

Thank you, Madam President.

And indeed, dear colleagues, on behalf of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, I would like to thank our rapporteur, Ms Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR, for her excellent work in preparing this report, which is about the core principles of justice, of openness and of freedoms.

I also thank all the members of the Assembly for their valuable contributions to our debate in this hemicycle today, and for their participation in the exchanges with Mr Julian ASSANGE yesterday during the Committee.

Dear colleagues, the rapporteur achieved a very difficult goal of shortly and clearly presenting a very complex case that has captivated millions of people for the past 14 years. While the report devotes significant attention to Mr Julian ASSANGE, it is clear that the consequences of his conviction under the Espionage Act will affect the entire media industry.

First of all, the mere fact of Mr Julian ASSANGE being indicted under the Espionage Act contributes to the creation of a chilling effect. Furthermore, he is, in fact, the first ever publisher to be convicted under this legislation, which was designed to punish spies and enemies of the state. The biggest threat is not just that journalists will now be prosecuted under the Espionage Act, it is further-reaching. Editors and publishers will start discussing whether they can publish classified information that contributes to public debate. The climate of self-censorship must be avoided at all costs so that our societies can remain free and hold their governments to account. The rapporteur has rightly pointed this out in the report.

The draft resolution which is before us today aims towards reversing the dangerous trend of eroding media freedom.

Dear colleagues, the Committee has, by a large majority, agreed to the approach of our rapporteur. Therefore, I encourage you to support this report.

Thank you.

Vote: The detention and conviction of Julian Assange and their chilling effects on human rights

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:00:54

Thank you, Miss VASYLENKO.

We closed the debate.

The Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights has presented a draft resolution to which 10 amendments have been tabled.

I remind you that speeches on amendments are limited to 30 seconds.

Any amendment which has been anonymously approved by the Committee seized for report shall not be put to the vote in plenary and shall be declared as definitely approved, unless 10 or more members of the Assembly object.

I understand that the vice chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendments 1 and 5 to the draft resolution, which were unanimously approved, be declared as approved.

As for Amendments 7, 8 and 10 which were also unanimously approved by the Committee, we will have to deal with this separately because they interact with other amendments.

Is that so, Miss VASYLENKO?

Ms Lesia VASYLENKO

Ukraine, ALDE, Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights

11:01:57

 Yes, President. This is so.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:01:59

Thank you.

If no-one objects, I will consider Amendments 1 and 5 to be approved.

No objection.

Amendments 1 and 5 to the draft resolution order were approved and will not be called.

 

I understand that Amendments 2, 3 and 4 to the draft resolution were rejected by the Committee with a two-third majority. However, as these Amendments interact with other Amendments, we will have to deal with these separately.

 

I call Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU to support Amendment 6. You have 30 seconds.

Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU

Cyprus, SOC

11:02:59

Amendment 6 deals with a factual situation, that 13 years since the publications no evidence has been produced showing that WikiLeaks publications have harmed anyone.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:03:16

Thank you.

Does anyone else wish to support this amendment? Would anyone like to speak against this amendment?

What is the Committee's position on this amendment?

Ms Lesia VASYLENKO

Ukraine, ALDE, Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights

11:03:38

The Committee has approved this amendment by 19 votes.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:03:44

Thank you.

I shall now put the amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

The amendment is agreed.

Now we go to Amendment 2.

I call Lord Richard KEEN to support the amendment.

Lord Richard KEEN

United Kingdom, EC/DA

11:05:02

Why this isn't... It is now working colleagues.

I don't intend to move Amendment 2. Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:05:12

Okay, we go then to the next amendment – Amendment 7.

I call Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU to support the amendment. You have 30 seconds.

Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU

Cyprus, SOC

11:05:35

The essence of this Amendment is that it's a reference and a reminder of the basic principle of our organisation that is the freedom of expression.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:05:50

Thank you.

Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment? None.

The Committee unanimously accepted this amendment.

I shall now put the amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the results to be displayed.

The amendment is approved.

Thank you.

We go now to Amendment 8. And I call Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU to support the amendment.

Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU

Cyprus, SOC

11:06:41

Thank you.

This amendment tends to give a more accurate picture of what happened in the process of what we are discussing. So it's needed to have a more accurate picture of the situation.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:07:04

Thank you.

Does anyone would like to speak against?

No.

So, I put the amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment 8 is agreed.

 

Now, Amendment 9.

I call Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU to speak on the amendment.

Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU

Cyprus, SOC

11:07:47

The amendment is self-explanatory. The definition of political prison coincides with the political action of Mr Julian ASSANGE. That is the reason for tabling this amendment.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:08:03

Thank you.

If this amendment is adopted, Amendment 3 falls.

Would anyone else like to speak against the amendment?

Lord Richard KEEN

United Kingdom, EC/DA

11:08:15

Thank you, colleagues.

I would like to oppose this amendment.

This underlines the point about political prisoner, and indeed, the mover of the motion. Rather, if I may put it this way, gave the game away.

It's not the actions of Mr Julian ASSANGE that are critical or which I would at all criticise. It's the definition of his detention within the United Kingdom. He was not detained as a political prisoner. That's a simple matter of legal fact. And if we ignore that, I think we devalue the report.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:08:56

Thank you.

What is the Committee's position on this amendment?

Ms Lesia VASYLENKO

Ukraine, ALDE, Vice-Chairperson of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights

11:09:00

Approved by a large majority.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:09:03

Thank you.

I put the amendment to the vote.

Now the vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

The amendment is adopted.

Amendment 4, I call Lord Richard KEEN to support it.

Lord Richard KEEN

United Kingdom, EC/DA

11:09:44

I'm not going to move this amendment.

Thank you.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:09:49

So then we go to the next, Amendment 10.

I call Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU to support the amendment.

Mr Constantinos EFSTATHIOU

Cyprus, SOC

11:10:00

The conclusions of the UN special rapporteur provide an objective framework of the whole affair. So this is the reason for the amendment.

Ms Agnieszka POMASKA

Poland, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:10:13

Thank you.

Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?

No.

The Committee unanimously accepted this amendment.

I put the amendment to the vote.

Now the vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment is accepted.

 

We will now proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Doc. 16040 [as amended]. A simple majority is required.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the results.

The draft resolution in Doc. 16040 [as amended] is adopted.

 

Thank you all. And I announce that the sitting will resume at 11:55 a.m.

The sitting will resume at 11:55 AM

Address: Communication from the Committee of Ministers

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:03:04

Ladies and gentlemen, dear colleagues,

Nnow I have the pleasure to welcome among us Mr Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania and President of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. This is the second time that Minister LANDSBERGIS will address this Assembly in the context of the communication about the ongoing acitivies of the Lithuanian Presidency. 

Minister LANDSBERGIS has also kindly accepted to respond to questions from the parliamentarians. 

Dear President, in your address to this Assembly in June, you insisted on the importance of being action-oriented towards ensuring that justice is done for Ukraine through, inter alia a comprehensive compensation mechanism while focusing the same time on expanding the membership of the Register of Damage for Ukraine and establishing a special international tribunal to reach and punish those who initiated the war of aggression against our member state Ukraine. 

The Lithuanian Presidency must also be congratulated for the opening for signature of the Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence in Vilnius in September – a major step in the protection of human rights. 

Dear President, 

Thank you for being here with us today and for having accepted this exchange of views, and without further ado I have the honour to give you the floor. 

Mr Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania and President of the Committee of Ministers

12:04:53

Mister President of the Parliamentary Assembly,

Members of the Parliamentary Assembly,

Ladies and gentlemen,

I appreciate this opportunity to once again address the distinguished Assembly in my capacity as President of the Committee of Ministers.

I also welcome the new Secretary General Mr Alain BERSET and look forward to working with him and his team as the current President of the Committee and beyond.

Last time I spoke here, I put a heavy emphasis on Russia’s unprovoked and illegal war of aggression against Ukraine. The situation has not changed since for the better, unfortunately. Quite the contrary – it keeps deteriorating, in the wake of Russia’s constant shelling of Ukrainian cities and other critical civilian infrastructure. Russian bombs kill innocent civilians; Russian troops kill Ukrainian prisoners of war; and Russia as such is progressively implicated in a long list of war crimes, which only grows longer.

Just yesterday, when Ukraine was commemorating the Day of Defenders of Ukraine, Russian forces brutally executed 16 Ukrainian prisoners of war!

War crimes, regrettably, are not just a figure of speech, but a grim reality taking place at the heart of 21st-century Europe.

Soon it is going to be 1 000 days since Russia, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, started its full-scale invasion of Ukraine. One thousand days of terror, which were preceded by almost three thousand days of localised but intense violence in Crimea and the eastern part of Ukraine. All of that is of Russia’s own making.

Two weeks ago, I visited Ukraine for the ninth time since the full-scale invasion. And yet again, I had to confront the dire consequences of Russia’s ongoing aggression. Last September, Russia showered more than 1 300 Shahed-type drones on Ukrainian residential buildings, children’s hospitals, schools and supermarkets. And it fired almost 1 000 gliding bombs in the last week alone.

As a result, nearly 80% of Ukraine’s power generation capacity has been knocked out. The prospect of the upcoming winter is distressing. The people of Ukraine will most likely stay without electricity, without heating and even without drinking water.

While millions of Ukrainians fell victim to the horrors of Holodomor 90 years ago, their compatriots of today – also counted in millions – will be exposed to Holodomor – a deliberate attempt to make their life unbearable due to winter cold.

On top of it, Russia threatens the world with nuclear arms. The most recent example was just last week, from the rostra of the UN General Assembly, with the world just sitting and watching. Is that all we can do – just sit and watch?

The lack of accountability, which promotes a sense of impunity, are the primary reasons that allow Russia to continue its terrible and senseless aggression.

Our red lines and economic curbs have not been enough to constrain Russia. They are working, but not enough. Therefore, it is time to put even more pressure on Russia and ensure its full accountability for its crimes. Only this way will we lay the path towards a just, sustainable and lasting peace for Ukraine.

I commend the efforts of the Council of Europe to achieve this. Allow me to refer to the Conference of the Ministers of Justice which took place on 5 September in Vilnius. This informal conference, titled “Towards Accountability for International Crimes Committed in Ukraine”, adopted a Declaration calling for an effective Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression. Forty-two states have already supported this Declaration.

This is not the only good news. In its meeting in Vienna recently, the Core Group has reached an agreement on the general concept of the Special Tribunal. We welcome the Council of Europe’s decision to extend and share its valuable expertise during the drafting of the statute.

The work of the Register of Damage for Ukraine is also progressing well. I am glad to note that the 10 000th claim has been submitted to the Register just yesterday. The Presidency continues to advocate for all eligible states to join it.

Since the Register is just the initial step towards a comprehensive compensation mechanism, we are pleased that several preparatory meetings on an international instrument to establish a Claims Commission for Ukraine have already taken place. We encourage all involved parties to move forward with the setting up of the Claims Commission.

Further steps are urgently needed to protect Ukrainian children against the systematic abuses by war; against unlawful transfer, deportation and illegal adoption; against indoctrination with Russian propaganda and attempts to erase their ethnic identity.

We commend the Council of Europe’s decision to become a member of the International Coalition for the Return of Ukrainian Children. I look forward to the Council’s active participation in it.

Distinguished audience,

The organisation has proven to be at the forefront of real action against Russia’s aggression. So let's not relent.

Now, allow me to cover the main achievements of the Committee of Ministers since the last part-session of the Assembly. They complement the priorities of the Lithuanian Presidency and are neatly integrated with them.

In early July, Vilnius hosted a high-level conference on the European Social Charter. The members of the conference adopted the Vilnius Declaration, which reinforces social rights and encourages additional commitments under the Charter. We are pleased to report that already five countries at the conference assumed additional commitments.

The Council of Europe continues to focus on innovative issues. Thus, nine states and the EU signed the Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law on 5 September in Vilnius. The Vilnius Convention, as it will be known henceforth, is the first-ever international legally binding treaty aimed at encouraging the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in line with our values.

As you know, Lithuania attaches high importance to the freedom of media and promotes it in various multilateral fora. An informal exchange of views with the partners of the Council of Europe’s Safety of Journalists Platform has taken place to discuss the best ways of enabling access to reliable information and countering disinformation, as well as assisting journalists in exile. Issues related to privacy and media freedoms from a judicial perspective were discussed at an international conference in Vilnius.

The situation in Belarus and its complicity in Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine remains high on our priority list. In particular, the further deteriorating human rights situation and the high numbers of political prisoners in Belarus requires our immediate attention. These Belarusian citizens – held in appalling conditions, often incommunicado – could in fact be called “hostages” of President LUKASHENKA’s regime.

Belarus also continues to apply the death penalty and the scope of its application is expanding. In this context, continuous support for the Belarusian democratic forces and civil society and their capacity-building is crucial. By democratic forces and civil society, I mean their entire body, including the elements in exile.

The Lithuanian Presidency organised a series of events dedicated to these issues: an exchange of views on the abolition of the death penalty held by the deputies; a workshop on advocacy for the abolition of the death penalty for the youth of Belarus, held in Vilnius in May.

Distinguished members of the Assembly,

It is regrettable that co-operation between Azerbaijan and the Council of Europe has reached a stalemate. Last July, the Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT) issued a public statement to address the persistent lack of co-operation by the Azerbaijani authorities. We are concerned about the reported violations of the right to freedom of expression and the imposition of disproportionate criminal sanctions to limit freedom of expression in Azerbaijan.

Many of us also share the concern about the inclusion of distinguished members of this Assembly in the no-entry list to Azerbaijan because of their voting positions. As the current Presidency of the Committee of Ministers, we encourage Azerbaijan to respect its obligations as a member state of the Council of Europe in the areas of human rights, democracy and the rule of law. We stress the importance of an open and inclusive dialogue to resolve outstanding issues.

We also continue being gravely concerned with the situation in Georgia. Several weeks before the elections, the ruling party continues its intimidation campaign against both the political opposition, civil society and the population at large. This is not in line with our values. This is not in line with the values of the Council of Europe. I therefore urge Georgian members of parliament and diplomats present in this very room to assume their responsibility and make sure that Georgia is back on the path of democracy, on the path of rule of law, and on the path of Europe.

Colleagues,

On an administrative note, I am pleased to inform that the Committee of Ministers took note of the new People Strategy for the period up to 2027. This is important for staff members and member states alike, because it gives direction to the management of staff and its ability to adapt to a changing environment, in order to meet the current and future challenges.

Aligning the Secretariat employment with the Council of Europe membership is one of our Presidency priorities. Therefore, it is positive that the new People Strategy takes into consideration the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine and Russia’s subsequent expulsion from the organisation.

Our Presidency also attaches great importance to the inter-institutional dialogue to ensure the coherence and impact of our messages. Therefore, we immediately replied positively to the idea of convening a Joint Committee meeting during this Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe session. It will take place tomorrow on the topic of “Consequences of the Russian Federation’s war of aggression against Ukraine”, a top priority in itself on our respective agendas.

Allow me to conclude by emphasising that just, lasting, and sustainable peace, as well as respect for human rights, democracy, and the rule of law, demand our collective effort. Let's show that we can deliver.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:16:56

Thank you, Minister Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS.

We will now proceed with questions for Minister Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS.

We will first hear questions from the speakers on behalf of the political groups and then hear a response from Minister Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS to those questions.

Please, will these speakers limit their interventions to 30 seconds.

I remind colleagues that they should ask one single question and NOT make speeches.

On behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, I call Ms Azadeh ROJHAN to take the floor.

Ms Azadeh ROJHAN

Sweden, SOC, Spokesperson for the group

12:17:28

Thank you, Mister President and thank you, Mister Foreign Minister, for being here.

Could you please elaborate on how the Committee of Ministers could further, even further, respond to Azerbaijan's decision to impose bans on 76 members of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, an act that raises a lot of concerns about Azerbaijan's commitments to this Assembly and to our values?

I would also like to ask about Kosovo's ongoing application for membership in the Council of Europe. What steps is the Committee taking to assess and advance this process?

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:18:03

Thank you.

Minister LANDSBERGIS, would you like to respond?

Mr Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania and President of the Committee of Ministers

12:18:10

Thank you so much for the questions.

I will start with Azerbaijan. The decision taken by your Assembly last January, not to ratify the credentials of the Azerbaijani delegation was referred to during meetings of our ministers and deputies.

The Committee stressed the importance of an open and inclusive dialogue between the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and Azerbaijan to resolve the current issues.

Azerbaijan is a full fledged member of the organisation, entitled to the same rights as all member states, while, of course, having the obligations to meet the Council of Europe's standards. The decision of Azerbaijan to include members of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from national parliaments of the member states in that no-entry list because of their voting position is not acceptable.

I invite Azerbaijani authorities to revoke that decision, to continue in good faith the engagement and co-operation with all institutions of the Council of Europe, and to return without delay to consultations with the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe leadership regarding the future of Azerbaijani delegation credentials.

Now a few words about Kosovo. I've answered last time – I will just repeat what we constantly say. Lithuania fully supports Kosovo's accession to the Council of Europe. Each application for membership is a standalone issue which requires an individual approach. This is particular with the case of Kosovo, but we believe that everyone in Kosovo, including all persons belonging to its Serbian minority, should have a European perspective and access to the European Court of Human Rights.

The Council of Europe action could encourage dialogue between the parties. As President of the Committee of Ministers, I am open to listening to all member states' positions on this issue. However, we are also following the unilateral decisions in Kosovo in recent months. The Presidency will do its best to work with all member states to ensure a sound and fair process in the best interest of the Council of Europe and its member states.

The process should not divide us, but rather strengthen our unity.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:20:15

Thank you, Minister.

On behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, the leader of the party, Mr Pablo HISPÁN.

Mr Pablo HISPÁN

Spain, EPP/CD, Spokesperson for the group

12:20:22

Thank you very much, Mister President.

Welcome, Minister.

On behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, I want to say that we see a particular importance of reaching a clear agreement and making concrete decisions and particular steps to create the compensation mechanism that could build up on our success of the establishment of the Register of the Damage caused by the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.

We need it in the nearest future indeed.

Could you briefly inform us regarding the position of the Committee of Ministers in these regards and also about the resolution of the compensation mechanism?

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:21:01

Mister LANDSBERGIS, you have the floor.

Mr Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania and President of the Committee of Ministers

12:21:05

Thank you so much for the question.

The Register was set up as a first step towards a comprehensive international compensation mechanism.

To date, 43 states and the EU have joined the Register.

Since the Register officially opened the claims submission process, 10,000 claims have been submitted.

As presidency, we first of all focus on the expansion of the membership of the Register of Damage.

Secondly, we promote further steps towards a comprehensive compensation mechanism, including the claims commission and the compensation fund.

We welcome their discussions on the establishment of claims commission have already commenced and two preparatory meetings took place in July and September, with the participation of 53 states and the European Union.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:21:51

Thank you, Minister.

On behalf of the European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance, Mr Jurģis KLOTIŅŠ.

I don't see him here, so I'm going on, on behalf of Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS.

Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS

Estonia, ALDE, Spokesperson for the group

12:22:08

Thank you, President, thank you, Minister, for your really comprehensive presentation.

As you know, the Council of Europe has been in talks with the G7 and other key players about the potential charter of the special tribunal of the war of aggression.

There are still certain misunderstandings so far, particularly concerning the immunity of the troika. As you know, the Assembly strongly supports that there is no immunity.

What can we do to achieve a positive result there?

And what is the situation in the Committee of Ministers?

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:22:47

Thank you.

The floor is yours, Minister.

Mr Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania and President of the Committee of Ministers

12:22:54

Well, I will try to answer in the best way I can.

So, first of all, from the national capacity, Lithuania fully supports the immunity question broadly, meaning that those responsible for the crime of aggression, but currently enjoying the privilege of immunity, should also be part of investigation in the special tribunal.

The agreement is, as you very well know, is very difficult to find, and the consensus, I would say there is no consensus on this issue. So it is likely that the final decision will be made when the special tribunal is formed by the court itself, by the tribunal itself.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:23:46

Thank you, Minister.

Ms Laura CASTEL on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left.

Ms Laura CASTEL

Spain, UEL, Spokesperson for the group

12:23:53

Thank you.

Thank you, Chair.

Last year, the Ministry of Interior of Lithuania designated thousands of Belarusian and Russian citizens as a threat to national security based on their views on the Russian aggression.

As a result, many of them were refused asylum, visas, or residence permits and live in precarious situations facing violence, no access to work or health care and risk of being pushed back.

And this includes people from opposition and activists. And this is my point.

I would like to ask, what is the Lithuanian government doing to protect them and to improve the humanitarian conditions in the Lithuanian soil, part of the Council of Europe soil?

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:24:38

 Minister, would you like to respond?

Mr Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania and President of the Committee of Ministers

12:24:43

Well, I would start by saying that Lithuania, since 2020, after the stolen election in Belarus, has offered asylum for thousands of Belarusian refugees fleeing aggression, fleeing persecution, unfair treatment, and in need of humanitarian assistance. This position has not changed.

And as you mentioned in your question, the only question that is being asked by the people who try to enter Lithuania is their attitude towards Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine.

And if there is a reason to believe that a person is supportive of Mr Vladimir PUTIN's actions, we don't believe that the person merits a residence permit in Lithuania.

Therefore, we don't believe that these people, because of their views, are under any danger in the country that they are fleeing from – quite the opposite. Most people who support the war are doing quite well in Belarus and Russia.

Those who do not support the war will always find shelter in Lithuania.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:26:14

Thank you, Minister.

I will now give the floor to other speakers and will take them in groups of three.

I would ask them to limit their interventions to 30 seconds.

The first is Ms Hripsime GRIGORYAN.

Ms Hripsime GRIGORYAN

Armenia, SOC

12:26:33

Mister Minister, I'm here.

A week ago you had a meeting with your Armenian counterpart in New York and views were exchanged on the dynamics of development in the South Caucasus.

The importance of signing a peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan has been stressed, in the shortest possible terms. And Armenia is straightforward in readiness to do so without further delay.

My question to you hence is: what will be done by the Lithuanian Presidency to support the normalisation between the two countries towards stability and long-awaited peace in our region?

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:27:09

 Thank you. Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO is next.

Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, EC/DA

12:27:25

Does it work? Oh, finally.

Dear Mister LANDSBERGIS,

First of all, I would like to thank Lithuania and the Lithuanian people for all of your support to Ukraine and you personally for your leadership.

My question is, and Lithuania is a big supporter, including military support, to Ukraine.

And my question is, does Lithuania put any restrictions on the use of Lithuanian weapons, [on] how Ukraine sees they should be used, including attacks on the military objects on the territory of the Russian Federation?

And in general, what do you think about such restrictions?

Is it possible that they are put and Ukraine can't use the weapons in the way we need to use it?

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:28:04

Thank you, Oleksii.

Mr Koloman BRENNER is next.

Have you inserted your card first? Let's try once again.

Mr Koloman BRENNER

Hungary, NR

12:28:38

Mister President, excuse me now.

Dear Minister,

My question is:

According to the Reykjavík Declaration of the Council of Europe, among human rights, the rights of national minorities have a special value, which our Assembly and also our member states should support. My question is, "What important steps have been taken in this period and what are the next important steps?". The ethnic cleansing in Nagorno-Karabakh, for example, has shown us how important these values are.

Thank you very much.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:29:17

Thank you, Koloman.I will now give the floor to Minister LANDSBERGIS to respond to these three first questions.

Mr Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania and President of the Committee of Ministers

12:29:27

Thank you so much.

[To the] first question regarding the situation on Armenia and Azerbaijan.

So, first of all, peace and stability in the Caucasus region are of key importance, not only for the people of Armenia and Azerbaijan, but to the Council of Europe as a whole.

Last May, the Committee of Ministers expressed full support to the peace process based on the principles of mutual recognition of territorial integrity, respect of sovereignty, and the inviolability of borders and non-use of force.

It also welcomed the process of border delimitation based on the Almaty 1991 Declaration.

Political will at the highest level to normalise relations is key to reaching global peace and [an] agreement, a peace agreement in full respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty. I hope that both countries will soon be able to sign such an agreement.

Sustained open dialogue and signals of goodwill are needed to create a climate of trust conducive to reconciliation.

The Lithuanian Presidency stands ready to contribute to such a process in any way it can.

From my own capacity, I understand that the talks are ongoing. Several drafts have been presented, and my very strong belief is now that there is a path forward, it very much depends on the goodwill of leaders to continue that path. That is the only prerequisite that is required now to reach sustainable peace between Armenia and Azerbaijan and as I mentioned, Lithuania, in our national capacity and also as a presidency, will stand ready to do everything that it can.

[To the] second question about the weapons.

Well, it's a tough question, easy answer. Lithuania poses no restrictions on the weapons that are delivered to Ukraine, our weapons that are delivered to Ukraine. I find it rather unfortunate that we're still having this debate [in the] third year into the war.

(Applause)

It limits the Ukrainian ability to defend its country, defend its sovereignty, defend it under the international law and defend it under the UN Charter. All the arguments of why it is needed have already been mentioned. And the most unfortunate thing in all of this is that by not allowing Ukraine to use the weapons the way it sees fit and that it needs to use, it might appear that we are defending Russian assets more than we are defending Ukrainian.

(Applause)

Well, on national minorities very briefly, the upheavals of European history have shown that the protection of national minorities is essential to stability, democratic security and peace. The Framework Convention on National Minorities Monitoring System has contributed to improving dialogue between governmental agencies and national minorities. It has also prompted the adoption of new laws devoted to the protection of national minorities and encouraged states to improve their non-discrimination legislation and practice.

I strongly encourage all participants to engage constructively and efficiently with the ongoing monitoring cycles.

When it comes to Karabakh, the human rights of Karabakh Armenians living now in Armenia are guaranteed by the European Convention of Human Rights and must be respected, including their right to safe return.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:33:16

Thank you.

The second round of questions.

And I begin with Mr Knut ABRAHAM.

Mr Knut ABRAHAM

Germany, EPP/CD

12:33:24

This works.

Thank you, Mister President.

Dear Minister, I'd like to come back to Kosovo.

Regrettably, the Committee of Ministers has ignored the very clear recommendation by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe so far, despite Kosovo having fulfilled all conditions.

My question is, isn't it time for a positive decision? What is the Committee of Ministers waiting for?

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:33:51

Thank you.

Mr Nicos TORNARITIS is next.

Mr Nicos TORNARITIS

Cyprus, EPP/CD

12:34:18

I am very sorry.

Dear Minister, in accordance with the recent decision of the Committee of Ministers to continue supervising the execution of the European Court of Human Rights rulings, how do you intend to urge Türkiye to implement these decisions, particularly in relation to political prisoners?

This issue was on the last agenda of the Committee of Ministers.

We would like therefore to be informed of the outcome of this discussion and the next steps in exerting further pressure on Türkiye and other member states who in general systematically disregard court judgments.

 

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:35:10

Thank you, Nicos.

Mr Mattias JONSSON.

Mr Mattias JONSSON

Sweden, SOC

12:35:13

Thank you very much.

During the April session, a large majority voted for Kosovo's membership here in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

Since the declaration of independence in 2008, Kosovo has actively worked to become a part of the European Community and is recognised as a sovereign state by over 100 countries, including the majority of EU member states.

So I can see that it has made significant progress to build a democratic rule of law with respect to human rights.

So my question is more precise: when can we see Kosovo's membership on the Committee of Minister's agenda?

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:35:50

Thank you, Mattias.

Mister LANDSBERGIS, would you like to respond?

Mr Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania and President of the Committee of Ministers

12:35:55

Thank you so much.

So if members would allow, I would join the questions of Kosovo into one answer.

Both are right questions and it's a rightful expectation after the decisions of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the recommendation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. But I can tell you that consensus has not yet been found. The debate when it's ongoing, and I mentioned that during my answer previously, that member states are noticing a certain unilateral decisions in Kosovo in recent months that does not add an appetite to find a consensus.

And I use this opportunity to address the Minister of Kosovo that I recently met in New York, just last week, about where we are.

We continue to stand with Kosovo. We continue to look for the ways how to implement the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe recommendation. Lithuania truly believes that it's the right thing to do, but unfortunately we're not there yet.

And certain activities that Kosovo is taking on are not necessarily conducive to that agenda.

Now.. the Committee of Ministers has the unique role under Article 46 of the Convention to supervise the execution of the European Courts' judgments. The convention system is our foundation. Since it inception, almost 80% of all the violation judgments given by the court have been fully executed.

This very high figure explains why our system has been called the best system of human rights protection in the world.

Nonetheless, important challenges do remain. As I stated in front of this Assembly in June, executing final judgments of the European Court of Human Rights is not a choice, but an international legal obligation accepted voluntarily by the member states.

Full and swift execution of the Court's judgments by all member states is vital for the convention system and a priority for the Council of Europe.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:38:28

Have you finished, Minister?

Okay, may I proceed to the next questions?

Minister, have you finished? Have you finished your answers? Okay, thank you.

So next is Mr Enis KERVAN.

Mr Enis KERVAN

Assembly of Kosovo*

12:38:46

Thank you, President.

Dear Minister,

Today is fourth time question about Kosovo because it's very important.

I am a member of the Kosovo's delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe representing the non-majority communities.

I am concerned that the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe's recommendation on Kosovo's Council of Europe membership is yet to be addressed in the Committee of Ministers.

Kosovo's communities have worked for over two decades to build an inclusive environment, acknowledged by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe rapporteurs.

We are puzzled by the continued blockage of Kosovo's membership, thus blocking us from gaining more rights through the Council of Europe Convention and which limits our access to the European Court for Human Rights, which is very important for us non-majority communities.

This delay seems driven by political arguments unrelated to the Council of Europe's mandate.

Dear Minister,

Could you please advise when the Committee of Ministers expects to address the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe's opinion as foreseen by the statute and rules of procedure of the Council of Europe and vote in favour of Kosovo's membership to the Council of Europe?

Thank you,

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:39:48

Thank you.

Ms Miapetra KUMPULA-NATRI is next.

Ms Miapetra KUMPULA-NATRI

Finland, SOC

12:39:53

Dear President, thank you for prioritising the children of Ukraine. There is not a day to rest.

But I will ask you how to integrate civil society more with our work.

The Council does in principle recognise the invaluable role of civil society in all its line of work, not only by declaration from the Reykjavík Summit and principles of democracy, but also the roadmap for engagement.

I would like to see this in principle translating to more in practice.

Unlike in authoritarian states, NGO's working with us, with our values and aim can play a major role, for example, combating democratic backsliding and for example, helping Ukraine on our fight for our democracies.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:40:39

Thank you, Miapetra.

Mr Armen GEVORGYAN.

Mr Armen GEVORGYAN

Armenia, EC/DA

12:40:42

Mister Minister,

In May you participated in an opposition rally in Tbilisi and called upon the Georgian government to adopt a certain political course, I quote, "before it is too late".

Do you consider it feasible that any political rally can be held in neighbouring Azerbaijan?

And if a chance is provided, will we also see you participating at such a protest in Baku, for example, calling for the immediate and unconditional release of illegally held Armenian prisoners, including the former leadership of Nagorno Karabakh?

Where is the call for Azerbaijan, before it is too late?

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:41:21

Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO.

Minister, since there are two more, I prefer to give all parliamentarians. And then you can have all the time to reply.

Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO

Ukraine, EPP/CD

12:41:34

As the rapporteur in support of developing political negotiations to facilitate the exchange of prisoners of war, I want to ask a very specific question. What could be the mechanism and very concrete step that could help us in this organisation to facilitate the exchange of prisoners of war in Ukraine and Russia?

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:42:00

Thank you, Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO.

And the last one is Ms Ariana MUSLIU-SHOSHI.

Minister, you have the time to respond, if you wish.

Mr Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania and President of the Committee of Ministers

12:42:16

Okay, so, I will start with the first question, which basically, I'm just ready to acknowledge the question. I have very little to add. Let's continue the work during our Presidency, and if needed, beyond that.

The second question was about the civil society and interaction of the Council of Europe with the civil society.

The Council of Europe is Europe's leading human rights organisation, bringing together governments to build a future based on human rights, democracy, and justice.

Civil society is an important element of that mission and, whilst it always played its part, its involvement has grown over the years.

It is crucial to engage closer with civil society in the development and implementation of this important Council of Europe and also Presidency's agenda.

Let me confirm that the Lithuanian Presidency attaches a great importance to the work of the civil society.

This is why we held several meetings with their participation also at the level of ambassadors.

They had also been associated to the conferences we organised during our presidency.

We maintain our support for those who, within autocratic countries or in exile, remain committed to the values of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.

Now a few words on Azerbaijan. I'd like to stress that each member of Council of Europe should be able, in each of the countries, rallies of opposition or non-governmental organisations or civil society should be organised if they're needed.

What I was specifically addressing in Georgia is the European path. While adopting the laws and taking the direction, Georgia shifted from the European path of European integration. That was my specific message. In my personal capacity, as a minister of foreign affairs, I've been standing for the fight of freedom, wherever that was needed. And if I would find myself in the position where I need to speak out on a case of abuses in Azerbaijan, I would do that. But I have to stress: in my personal and national capacity.

Okay, the last question in this round is on prisoners, on prisoners exchange.

The situation of Ukrainian prisoners of war and their treatment by Russia is an issue of obviously great concern.

There are numerous reports of violations of their human rights and international law, of the Geneva Convention. The release of Ukrainian prisoners of war must be our top priority. It should also be an issue for the organisation itself. I strongly believe that we must assist Ukraine to work with this issue on every opportunity we have to raise public awareness, to employ all instruments at our disposal, and to seek help from third countries where it is possible.

The Committee of Ministers will consider any proposals in this respect coming from their Parliamentary Assembly.

Thank you.

Mr Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Greece, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

12:45:44

So dear colleagues, 

That brings us to the end of the questions.

Mr Gabrielius LANDSBERGIS I want to thank you so much for being with us today and answering the questions being addressed to you by my colleagues in this hemicycle.

Warm thanks.

This sitting is adjourned.

The Assembly will hold its next public sitting this afternoon at 3.30 p.m. with the agenda approved on Monday.

The sitting is closed at 12:45 p.m.