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Seventh Report on the activities of the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (1st July 1958 to 30th June 1959)

Report | Doc. 1019 | 21 August 1959

Thesaurus

1

General Background

The total figure of migration overseas from European countries members of I.C.E.M. has been during the period under consideration rather low, due primarily to economic and sometimes political conditions prevailing in immigration countries. As is known, the situation in the United States, during 1957 and 1958, went through a recession and recovery which had its repercussions on countries exporting primary products, the prices of which had shown, even before the American recess, signs of weakness. Many of these countries, like those of Latin America, were large receivers of European migrants, and their economic difficulties affected the possibility of absorbing immigrants in the same numbers as in previous years. This situation reacted on the number of migrants that I.C.E.M. could move during the period under review.

Stimulated by the declining level of movements, there was a determined effort within the Council and Administration to re-examine the functions of I.C.E.M. in a changing world and, in particular, the relationship between these activities directly concerned with the movement of migrants and those which promote and develop migration and improve its quality, such as vocational and language training, placement and orientation. The decisions taken during 1958 in this sphere may result in its being recognized as a vital turning point in the history of the Organisation.

ICEM movements

Normal Programme. Under normal programmes of I.C.E.M., which comprise overseas movements of migrants and of refugees from Europe, but not the movement of refugees from the Far East, 91,998 migrants were moved during 1958 and 60,385 migrants during the first six months of 1959 (see also attached tables).

The total for 1958 shows a substantial decrease when compared with the movements carried out in 1957. The same downward trend shows not only in ICEM movements, but in general in all non-assisted emigration from Europe. Available statistics show that the total overseas movements for 1958 were at least 25 per cent less than in 1957. Movements from Germany decreased as much as 50 per cent, while those from the Netherlands, Spain and Greece have fallen between 10 and 25 per cent. Emigration from Italy was some 10 per cent less than the already low 1957 figure. The same high percentage of reduction in migration was also observed regarding the immigration countries, going from 10 per cent for Australia and the Union of South Africa, to 25 per cent for Rhodesia. Comprehensive statistics are not available for movements to Latin American countries, but the decline can be estimated around 25 per cent.

During 1958 Italy and Germany were the two European emigration countries mainly affected by the reduction in ICEM movements. From Italy the normal programme movements fell by some 17,000 relative to 1957, and from Germany by 13,000. From Greece and Austria each, the movements fell by approximately 3,000. Only from the Netherlands and Spain did ICEM movements showe an increase in comparison with the same period of time of the preceding year. The reduction in Italy and Greece should be considered as particularly disturbing, when the figures are measured against national needs to maintain emigration.

The first months of 1959 show an improvement in the volume of movements from Italy, Greece and Germany, but it is too early to indicate prospects for the total of ICEM movements in this year. Although the economic factors which adversely affected migration in 1958 are generally improving, political factors in some immigration countries are still tending to depress the level for migration.

Refugee Programmes. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, as of 1st January 1959, the number of non-settled refugees in Europe under his mandate was still some 132,000, of whom 32,000 were in camps and the remainder outside camps. Those in camps had decreased during 1958 in all countries except Italy.

Out of a total of 94,222 migrants moved by I.C.E.M. under all programmes during 1958, 34,523 were refugees under the mandate of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. During the first six months of 1959, from a total of 61,257 persons moved, 25,102 were within the High Commissioner's mandate.

In the course of the period under review, the problem of the Hungarian refugees in Yugoslavia was largely solved, and a greater number of European refugees from the Far East (Hong Kong) were resettled than in any previous year of ICEM activities except 1957.

The following events which took place during the same period are expected to be of considerable influence in reducing the European refugee caseload in the future :

a the proclamation of the World Refugee Year by the United Nations General Assembly focussing interest on refugee problems ;
b meetings held in Geneva in November 1958 and April 1959 under the auspices of I.C.E.M. for an exchange of views on the whole refugee problem;
c the recommendation of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe to the effect that each Government places one plane for one trip at the disposal of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to be used for the overseas movement of refugees of European origin at present in the Far East. Norway and Denmark have each contributed a chartered flight. Switzerland offered 100 seats on their planes; the United Kingdom granted special facilities on British airlines;
d the recommendation of the Council of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation concerning regulations and administrative practices relating to the movement and employment of refugees.

Co-ordinated efforts by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and I.C.E.M. raised a more active attention of Governments to the European refugees in China and Hong Kong. During 1958, 2,180 refugees were moved from the Far East, and 850 during the first six months of 1959. This was made possible through the generous financial assistance given by the Governments and the granting of visas by overseas receiving countries.

Migration Development Activities

The smooth functioning of the activities performed by I.C.E.M. and the movement of large numbers of migrants were rendered possible through a series of services and operations carried out by the Committee at the request of member Governments. In 1958 and 1959 some of those services, already existing in previous years, were re-organised, expanded, and other new activities have been undertaken.

(a) Research Studies on Migration Problems. The regular assessment and analysis of data on economic, social .and demographic trends in member and other countries, were made with a view to determining their probable effects on migration movements. Research has been carried out in order to determine the needs of foreign manpower in Latin American countries and the professional standards required. I.C.E.M. took part, together with other interested international organisations, in a joint project to examine available migration statistics and prepare definitive estimates of intra- and extra-European migration.

With regard to social security for overseas migrants, two information documents were prepared by I.C.E.M. in early 1959 and will constitute the starting-point of further enquiries and discussions among countries and interested international organisations.

I. C. E. M. carried out a study and prepared a document regarding the simplification of the formalities (issuance of passports, visas, etc.) required for overseas migration. This document is being examined by Governments of immigration countries members of I. C. E. M., prior to a consideration of further action.

(b) Vocational Training. I. C.E.M. has organised vocational training courses for potential migrants since 1953. It has frequently been stressed that vocational training which is aimed at preparing the migrant for new conditions of work in the immigration country is one of the best means of enabling unskilled European workers to emigrate who could not otherwise, and also to meet at least partially the skilled manpower needs in overseas countries.

A residential training centre set up at Messina, Italy, made possible an increase in the number of candidates for overseas migration who received training. At the 1959 spring session of the ICEM Council a special pilot project was approved for the establishment of a vocational training centre for migrants in Salerno, Italy.

In Greece several courses for industrial workers were promoted by I.C.E.M. in close cooperation with the local authorities. In addition, female domestics and seamstresses received special training before overseas migration.

In early 1959 first vocational training courses for emigrants were opened in Madrid.

(c) Language Training. Training courses in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages were continued in Greece and for the first time were introduced in Italy, as part of the vocational training programmes. A special seminar for language teachers was held in Italy to acquaint them with ICEM training methods. ICEM escort officers were assigned to vessels carrying ICEM Greek migrants to Latin American countries to give language lessons in Spanish and Portuguese.

(d) Psycho-Technical Testing. It has -been observed in the past that immigrants, however well-qualified technically, do not always settle down satisfactorily as their psychological preparation for migration has been inadequate. In order to ascertain whether such persons can be given special attention in the receiving country, a series of psychological tests were given experimentally to a limited number of migrants prior to their, departure from Italy. These tests were not compulsory and were not part of the selection criteria. These experiments are to be followed up in the receiving country.

(e) Medical Services. In addition to the normal medical services given during the processing and embarkation of migrants, and the provision of medical escorts for special refugee flights, a medical survey was undertaken of the refugee caseload in Austria in order to establish the incidence of tuberculosis. Following this survey, TB cases as well as other handicapped refugees were selected for resettlement to European and overseas countries (Sweden, Norway, United Kingdom, U.S.A., New Zealand).

(f) Reception and Placement. In some Latin American countries, as well as in South Africa and Rhodesia, I.C.E.M. is giving both reception and placement assistance to local authorities. It should be mentioned that with the concurrence and general assistance of the Canadian Government a special pilot project was initiated in early 1959 for training courses to be given to migration and placement officers. The courses are at present attended by ten trainees selected in emigration and immigration countries as well as from the ICEM staff.

(g) Land Settlement. Three land settlement projects in the development of which I.C.E.M. took an active part were granted loans by the United States Development Loan Fund, namely an Italian and Dutch settlement in Brazil, and an Italian colony in Costa Rica. In addition I.C.E.M. has assisted in land settlement studies in other Latin American countries. In order to promote the flow of migration, the planning of a pilot project for an agricultural reception and training centre in Argentina was begun.

(h) Selection and Processing. The Selection Assistance Service (SAS) in Italy and a similar service in Spain (SEA) continued to pre-select and trade-test migrants. The activities of these services contributed to the departure of an increasing number of urban workers to Latin American countries.

Conclusions

The year 1958 was a year of general economic difficulty in most Western countries and of low migration movements. Most of the factors which affected migration were of such a nature that I.C.E.M. could do little to influence the trend. I.C.E.M. employed its energies in two main directions : (a) endeavouring to ensure that the programmes with which it was concerned were as successful as external circumstances permitted; (b) concentrating its attention on the readaptation of its structure and on the preparation of the ground for the development of activities in the future.

As to the first group of actions, it may be worth while to mention the efforts to increase the movement of refugees of European origin from the Far East and the satisfactory results obtained, the final solution of the problem of Hungarian refugees in Yugoslavia, the increasing attention paid to such activities as vocational training and placement and the initiatives to develop schemes for workers' migration.

As to the second group of actions, it is particularly important to mention the approval by the Council of Resolution No. 173 (VIII) on the future of the Committee, the preliminary steps of the Administration for the creation of a planning staff, the renewed search for a solution of the refugee problem in Europe (which led to special meetings of Governments in the months of November 1958 and April 1959) the thorough study and preparation of pilot projects designed to increase the capacity of immigration countries to receive migrants, and the commencement of studies regarding the problems of social security and the simplification of migration formalities.

Report by Country of Emigration and Immigration of the Number of Migrants finally departed from embarkatic or emplanement centres or other ports of embarkation - 1st January-31st December 1958 - (With cumulative total from 1st February 1952)
AREA OF EMIGRATION TOTAL - 1-II 1952 - 31-XII 1958 COUNTRY OF IMMIGRATION                              
    TOTAL - 1-I - 31-XII 1958 Argentina Australia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Fed. of Rhodesia/ |Nyasalan d Israel New Zealand Union of South Africa United States of America Uruguay Venezuela Other countries  
                                Overseas Europe
TRANSPORTATION                                  
AUSTRIA 141,239 10,337 22 3,173 66 4,393 20 3 84 17 83 42 1,596 15 162 19 642
Normal Programme 67,749 6,993 14 2,566 39 3,484 6   53 13 62 33 611 8 9   95
Hungarian Refugee Programme 73,490 3,344 8 607 27 909 14 3 31 4 21 9 985 7 153 19 547
GERMANY 195,540 7,392 14 4,531 32 537 5   19 20 63 71 2,052 1 7 8 32
Normal Programme 194,970 7,268 11 4,519 31 497 5   19 20 63 69 1,990   5 8 31
Hungarian Refugee Programme 570 124 3 12 1 40           2 62 1 2   1
GREECE 56,560 5,602 173 3,487 630 576     35 6 31 46 454 2 30 32 100
Normal Programme 55,234 5,005 173 3,090 501 576     34 6 31 46 384 2 30 32 100
Refugees ex Middle East 1,326 597   397 129       1       70        
ITALY (incl. Trieste) 241,375 24,151 7,604 3,824 3,493 3,018 101 204 994 50 3 652 727 507 2,775 40 159
Normal Programme 237,108 23,163 7,584 3,636 3,078 2,994 101 199 991 27 3 649 532 501 2,739 37 92
Hungarian Refugee Programme 2,630 211 1 20 20 15   1       1 85   1   67
Refugees ex Middle East 1,637 777 19 168 395 9   4 3 23   2 110 6 35 3  
NETHERLANDS 59,789 11,626   7,373 195 9     502 11 1,686 1,834 16        
Normal Programme 59,692 11,569   7,339 191       502 10 1,686 1,834 7        
Hungarian Refugee Programme 87 47   34 1 9       1     2        
Refugees ex Middle East 10 10     3               7        
Spain 22,010 11,408 4,688 163 2,013 19 159 147         10 958 3,211 40  
Normal Programme 22,006 11,404 4,688 163 2,013 16 159 147         9 958 3,211 40  
Hungarian Refugee Programme 4 4                     1        
OTHERS 125,276 21,482 129 4,446 135 1,282 26 13 7 12,401 40 17 2,313 12 80 19 562
Normal Programme 97,197 18,389 64 3,955 51 458 13 2 1 11,924 4 1 1,725 2 18 8 163
Hungarian Refugee Programme (a) 10,918 1,253 25 369 34 348 6 1 1 10 27 16 370 4 7 11 18
Hungarian Refugees ex Yugoslavia (b) 10,761 1,005 30 8 12 467 7 7     9   42 3 39   381
Refugees ex Middle East 6,400 10 114 38 9   3   5 461     176 3 16    
TOTAL   91,998 12,63 26,997 6,564 9,834 311 367 1,041 12,505 1,906 2,632 7,168 1,495 6,205 158 1,495
Normal Programme   83,791 12,534 25,268 5,904 8,025 284 348 1,600 12 1,849 28 5,258 1,471 6,012 125 481
Hungarian Refugee Programme   5,988 67 1,050 95 1,791 27 12 32 21 57 2 1,547 15 202 30 1,014
Refugees ex Middle East   2,219 29 679 565 18   7 9 484     363 9 51 3  
FAR EAST PROGRAMME   2,183 4 1,004 721 11 52     32 4   76 1 8 118 152
TRUST FUND MISCELLANEOUS MOVEMENTS   41   6 5               10   5   15
TOTAL ALL PROGRAMMES   94,222 12,634 28,007 7,29 9,845 363 367 1,641 12,537 1,910 2,662 7,254 1,496 6,278 276 1,662
TOTAL 1st Feb. 1952-31st Dec. 1958 841,789   93,351 228,81 67,918 143,061 5,190 1,777 5,830 37,99 6,994 6,641 160,289 8,747 35,400 1,741 38,050
Normal Programme 733,956   92,057 213,055 64,958 115,247 4,891 1,491 5,733 29,735 5,873 5,268 143,600 8,653 34,449 1,659 7
Hungarian Refugee Programme (a) (b) 98,460   1,265 14,319 1,789 27,777 299 277 74 2,130 1,120 1,367 16,296 67 843 74 (a)(b)30,763
Refugees ex Middle East 9,373   29 1,436 1,171 37   9 23 6,125 1 6 393 27 108 8  
FAR EAST PROGRAMME 12,635   56 4,201 4,137 273 349 6   441 7 6 405 7 98 1,490 1,159
TRUST FUND MISCELLANEOUS MOVEMENTS 878   12 135 287 9 14 6 12     12 311 7 15 8 50
TOTAL ALL PROGRAMMES 855,302   93,419 233,146 72,342 143,343 5,553 1,789 5,842 38,431 7,001 6,659 16,005 8,761 35,513 3,239 39,259

[а) A total of 11,654 Hungarian Refugees moved to other European countries in 1956 has been deducted from the cumulative total of movements from Austria since such cases were moved in 1957/ 1958 to other destinations for permanent resettlement from the countries of second asylum concerned.

(b) A total of 518 Hungarian Refugees ex Yugoslavia moved to Italy in 1957 for processing has been deducted from the cumulative total as these cases have been moved in 1958 to other destinations for permanent resettlement.

Provisional Report by Country of Emigration and Immigration of the Number of Migrants finally departed from embarkation or emplanement centres or other ports of embarkation - 1st January-30th June 1959 - (With Cumulative Total from 1st February 1952)
AREA OF EMIGRATION TOTAL - 1.II.1952-30.VI.1959 TOTAL - 1.I.-30.VI. 1959 COUNTRY OF IMMIGRATION                          
      Argentina Australia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Fed. of Rhodesia/ Nyasaland Israel New Zealand Union of South Africa United Slates of America Uruguay Venezuela Other destinations  
                                Overseas European
TRANSPORTATION                                  
AUSTRIA (a)145,089 5,000 21 1,574 20 407 7 2 1 7 89 17 2,602   4 1 248
Normal Programme 70,335 2,586 21 1,446 15 369 7 2 1 7 58 12 589     1 58
Hungarian Refugee Programme (a)74,754 2,414   128 5 38         31 5 2,013   4   190
GERMANY 202,911 7,371 1 5,409 6 265 6   4 10 41 11 1,587   1   30
Normal Programme 202,173 7,203 1 5,377 6 248 6   4 10 38 11 1,471   1   30
Hungarian Refugee Programme 738 168   32   17         3   116        
GREECE 60,607 4,047 91 2,899 292 269 2 2 15   20 31 311 8 8 13 86
Normal Programme 59,113 3,879 85 2,836 221 269 9 2 14   20 21 284 8 8 13 86
Refugees ex Middle East 1,494 168 6 63 71       1       27        
ITALY (incl. Trieste) 256,776 15,401 3,676 4,52 2,054 1,447 42 50 116 20 2 302 1,112 203 1,735 27 95
Normal Programme 252,066 14,958 3,652 4,461 1,908 1,439 42 50 116 19 2 302 911 203 1,735 23 95
Hungarian Refugee Programme 2,784 154   19   3             132        
Refugees ex Middle East 1,926 289 24 40 146 5       1     69     4  
NETHERLANDS 65,900 6,111 1 3,883 91 7     77 2 714 960 376        
Normal Programme 65,791 6,099   3,881 91 4     77 2 714 960 370        
Hungarian Refugee Programme 96 9 1 2                 6        
Refugees ex Middle East 13 3       3                      
HONG KONG (Far East Programme) 13,484 849   597 77   23     5 5   29     29 84
SPAIN 27,879 5,869 1,740 172 1,688 20 92 89         12 609 1,414 33  
Normal Programme 27,872 5,866 1,740 172 1,688 20 92 89         12 609 1,411 33  
Hungarian Refugee Programme 7 3                         3    
OTHERS (c)142,715 16,609 77 2,889 94 298 7 2 2 11,441 7 7 1,703 5 23 2 52
Normal Programme 112,941 14,866 62 2,458 71 186 3 1 1 11,373 7   643 2 11 2 46
Hungarian Refugee Programme 12,152 1,234 14 406 6 101 3     2   2 686 3 7   4
Hungarian Refugees ex Yugoslavia (c)10,767 54   4     1           47       2
Refugees ex Middle East 6,855 455 1 21 17 11   1 1 66   5 327   5    
TOTAL 1st January-30th June 1959   61,257 5,607 21,943 4,322 2,713 179 145 215 11,485 878 1,328 7,732 825 3,185 105 595
Normal Programme   55,457 5,561 20,631 4,000 2,535 152 144 213 11,411 839 1,316 4,28 822 3,166 72 315
Far East Programme   849   597 77   23     5 5   29     29 84
Hungarian Refugee Programme   3,982 15 587 11 159 3     2 34 7 2,953 3 14 4 194
Hungarian Refugees ex Yugoslavia   54   4     1           47       2
Refugees ex Middle East   915 31 124 234 1   1 2 67   5 423   5    
TOTAL 1st February 1952-30th June 1959 (a)(c)915,361   99,026 255,089 76,664 146,056 5,732 1,934 6,057 49,916 7,879 7,987 168,737 9,586 38,698 3,344 38,656
Normal Programme 790,291   97,63 233,821 69,245 117,791 5,057 1,641 5,958 41,146 6,712 6,596 148,191 9,482 37,63 1,739 7,652
Far East Programme 13,484   56 4,798 4,214 273 372 6   446 12 6 434 7 98 1,519 1,243
Hungarian Refugee Programme (a)90,531   1,177 13,403 1,182 26,193 295 265 74 1,965 1,072 1,369 16,821 62 789 72 (a)25,792
Hungarian Refugees ex Yugoslavia (c)10,767   103 1,507 618 1,743 8 12   167 82 5 2,475 8 68 2 (c)3,969
Refugees ex Middle East 10,288   60 1,56 1,405 56   10 25 6,192 1 11 816 27 113 12  
PROCESSING ASSISTANCE ONLY (b) 59,715                                
Movements processed with the assistance of the Committee :                                  
Hungarian Refugee Programme (b) 53,182                                
Hungarian Refugees ex Yugoslavia 2,443                                
Operation Exodus 2,443                                

(a) A total of 12,804 Hungarian Refugees moved to other European countries in 1956 has been deducted from the cumulative total of movements from Austria since such cases were moved in 1957-1958 to other destinations for permanent resettlement from the countries of second asylum concerned.

(b) A total of 2,543 Hungarian Refugees moved to other European countries in 1956 has been deducted from the cumulative, total of movements from Austria since such cases were moved in 1957-1958 to other destinations for permanent resettlement from the countries of second asylum concerned.

(c) A total of 566 Hungarian Refugees ex Yugoslavia moved to Italy, in 1957 for processing has been deducted from the cumulative total as these cases have been moved in 1958 to other destinations for permanent resettlement.

Provisional Report by Country of Emigration and Immigration of the Number of Migrants finally departed from embarkation or emplanement centres or other ports of embarkation - 1st February 1952-30th June 1959
TRANSPORTATION                                
AUSTRIA (a)145,089 1,121 29,922 2,956 34,162 395 245 228 2,116 1,302 1,377 42,367 67 893 83 (a)27,855
Normal Programme 70,335 207 19,766 1,947 17,38 123 27 157 219 290 54 27,493 25 187 30 2,43
Hungarian Refugee Programme (a)74,754 914 10,156 1,009 16,782 272 218 71 1,897 1,012 1,323 14,874 42 706 53 (a)25,425
GERMANY 202,911 309 54,191 3,309 57,09 987 42 73 300 224 849 83,431 143 718 441 792
Normal Programme 202,173 304 54,142 3,304 56,704 987 37 73 304 217 847 83,169 142 711 441 791
Hungarian Refugee Programme 738 5 55 5 386   5   2 7 2 262 1 7   1
GREECE 60,607 774 41,305 5,729 4,785 67 20 611 110 228 140 5,424 48 184 277 896
Normal Programme 59,113 768 40,232 5,439 4,782 67 20 609 101 227 140 5,323 48 184 277 896
Refugees ex Middle East 1,494 6 1,073 290 3     2 18 1   101        
ITALY (incl. Trieste) 256,776 85,9 39,876 50,334 19,41 3,167 1,007 3,754 702 53 1,626 12,132 6,307 29,343 663 2,502
Normal Programme 252,066 85,85 38,913 49,201 17,886 3,161 960 3,737 509 42 1,609 11,7 6,282 29,239 647 2,33
Hungarian Refugee Programme 2,784 7 645 91 1,503 6 41   2 11 11 250 1 39 5 172
Refugees ex Middle East 1,926 43 318 1,042 21 6 17 191   6 182 24 65 11  
NETHERLANDS 65,9 18 51,419 1,639 854 2 1,358 120 5,870 3,867 725 12   16  
Normal Programme 65,791 17 51,377 1,632 842 2 1,358 119 5,867 3,867 684 10   16  
Hungarian Refugee Programme 96 1 42 4 9       1 3   34 2      
Refugees ex Middle East 13     3 3             7        
HONG KONG (Far East Prog.) 13,484 56 4,798 4,214 273 372 6   446 12 6 434 7 98 1,519 1,243
SPAIN 27,879 9,839 342 6,498 59 469 570   2   1 65 2,864 7,048 121 1
Normal Programme 27,872 9,839 342 6,498 56 469 570   2   1 64 2,864 7,045 121 1
Hungarian Refugee Programme 7       3             1   3    
OTHERS (b)142,715 1,009 33,23 1,985 29,423 273 44 33 46,105 190 121 24,159 138 414 224 (b)5,367
Normal Programme 112,941 645 29,049 1,224 20,141 248 27 24 39,892 69 78 19,758 111 264 207 1,204
Hungarian Refugee Programme 12,152 250 2,505 73 7,51 17 1 3 63 39 33 1,4 16 34 14 194
Hungarian Ref. ex Yugoslavia (b)10,767 103 1,507 618 1,743 8 12 6 167 82 5 2,475 8 68 2 (b)3,969
Refugees ex Middle East 6,855 11 169 70 29   4 6 5,983   5 526 3 48 1  
TOTAL (a)(b)915,361 99,026 255,089 76,664 146,056 5,732 1,934 6,057 49,916 7,879 7,987 168,737 9,586 38,698 3,344 (a){b)38,656
Normal Programme 790,291 97,63 233,821 69,245 117,791 5,057 1,641 5,958 41,146 6,712 6,596 148,191 9,482 37,63 1,739 7,652
Far East Programme 13,484 56 4,798 4,214 273 372 6   446 12 G 434 7 98 1,519 1,243
Hungarian Ref. Programme (a)90,531 1,177 13,403 1,182 26,193 295 265 74 1,965 1,072 1,369 16,821 62 789 72 (b)25,792
Hungarian Ref. ex Yugoslavia (b)10,767 103 1,507 618 1,743 8 12   167 82 5 2,475 8 68 2 (b)3,969
Refugees ex Middle East 10,288 60 1,56 1,405 56   10 25 6,192 1 11 816 27 113 12  

(а) A total of 12,804 Hungarian Refugees moved to other European countries in 1956 has been deducted from the cumulative total of movements from Austria since such cases were moved in 1957-1959 to other destinations for resettlement from the countries of second asylum concerned.

(б) A total of 566 Hungarian Refugees ex Yugoslavia moved to Italy in 1957 for processing has been deducted from the cumulative total as these cases have been moved in 1958-1959 to other destinations for permanent resettlement.