The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe expressed grave concern regarding the escalation of hostilities in the Middle East following the October 2023 Hamas attack on Israel and subsequent military responses, primarily in Gaza. With Israeli forces confronting groups like Hamas and Hezbollah and open conflicts between Israel, Iran, and the United States further expanding the regional crisis, the Assembly calls for immediate de-escalation, respect for international law, and renewed diplomatic efforts. Acknowledging the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza, the Assembly condemns both the actions of Hamas in perpetuating conflict and Israel's military operations, urging compliance with humanitarian principles and accountability for violations. It stresses the need for a two-State solution and urges member and partner states to support humanitarian aid, uphold international law, and foster negotiations towards enduring peace. Overall, the resolution underscores the complexities of the Middle East crisis, advocating for diplomacy, human rights, and stability to alleviate suffering and achieve lasting harmony.