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02 October 2026 morning

2026 - Fourth part-session Print sitting

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Opening of sitting No 36

Debate: Restructuring and streamlining the Rules of Procedure: modalities relating to the external and interparliamentary relations of the Assembly

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:10:41

Good morning everybody.

Ladies and gentlemen, 

The sitting is open.

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The first item of business this morning is the debate on the report titled “Restructuring and streamlining the Rules of Procedure: modalities relating to the external and interparliamentary relations of the Assembly” (Document 16482), presented by Ms Rian VOGELS on behalf of the Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities.

I call Ms Rian VOGELS as rapporteur. You have 7 minutes now, and 3 minutes at the end to reply to the debate.

Ms Rian VOGELS, the floor is yours.

Ms Rian VOGELS

Netherlands, ALDE, Rapporteur

10:12:01

Good morning, dear President,

Dear colleagues,

As you remember, in May the Standing Committee adopted Resolution 2656 on restructuring and streamlining its Rules of Procedure. The aim was to make the rules more user-friendly without making any significant changes to them.

In addition, the Assembly also decided to reorganise and simplify its complementary texts to ensure their consistency, coherence and ease of reference. The restructured Rules of Procedure will come into force at the opening of the January 2027 part-session. My report stems from a motion for a resolution tabled by the Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities on applying ethical standards to the members of all delegations participating in the work of the Parliamentary Assembly, but not only. Following the adoption by the Standing Committee on the new Rules of Procedure, the Bureau decided in June to refer to the Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities the issue of new modalities relating to the external and interparliamentary relations of the Assembly to be taken into account in the context of the report on applying ethical standards.

Therefore, my report comprises two elements.

The first part of the report clarifies the application of the Assembly's ethical framework to guests of the Assembly. The following changes to the new Rules of Procedure and the Code of Conduct are proposed. A new Delta 1.3 rule holding the following three elements:

1. Provisions relating to the maintenance of order and the Code of Conduct would apply to guests of the Assembly.

2. Guests of the Assembly would be required to make a declaration to respect the values of the Council of Europe when their names are submitted. This is similar to what is already required for members and from the participants in the Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces.

3. Guests would not be required to make a written declaration of interests as they do not have decision-making powers. The exception is a member of a partner for democracy delegation who is appointed rapporteur.

The second part of the report is a follow-up to the restructuring and streamlining of the Rules of Procedures, as regards the external and interparliamentary relations of the Assembly. The new modalities are included in the appendix of the draft resolution and, if adopted today, these provisions will enter into force together with the revised Rules of Procedure at the opening of the January 2027 part-session, and, of course, will be accessible on the website of the Assembly.

As for the restructuring and simplification project, any significant material changes would be out of scope of this streamlining element of my report. For this aspect of the report, I have therefore sought to keep the substance of the existing provisions whilst bringing the relevant provisions together into one modalities document, removing references to procedures that no longer exist, incorporating interpretations and footnotes into the rules to assist the reader and introducing definitions and clarity into the drafting where possible.

Of particular note, I draw your attention to the following three:

1. Some definitions have been used to clarify references. Thus, guests of the Assembly is defined as: special guest delegations, observer delegations, partner for democracy delegations and other guests participating in the work of the Assembly and/or its Committees, on the basis of specific arrangements set out in an Assembly resolution. Currently, those other guests comprise the delegation of the Assembly of Kosovo, the elected representatives of the Turkish Cypriot community and the representative delegation of the Belarusian Democratic Forces.

2. The procedures for granting, suspending and withdrawing special guests, observer and partner for democracy delegations, have been clarified in line with current practice. 

3. The cross-references and process concerning credentials for guest delegations, for special guest delegations, has been updated to correspond to the credentials process for member state delegations, as the existing texts refer to the outdated formal process.

Madam President,

Mister President,

For the sake of consistency, I have also produced an information note in the same style as those for Resolution 2656 on restructuring the Rules of Procedure. This note shows the transposition tables to help with the transparency of the restructuring and simplification project. It was declassified by the Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities and it is available on the website of the Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities.

Mister President, finally, I would like to thank all my colleagues who contributed their time and effort, both in the Committee and throughout the whole Assembly. I greatly appreciate your co-operation and thoughtful engagement.

Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:18:20

Thank you very much, Ms Rian VOGELS.

In the debate, I call first Ms Sona GHAZARYAN, on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. The floor is yours.

Ms Sona GHAZARYAN

Armenia, ALDE

10:18:37

Thank you.

Dear President,

Dear colleagues,

And dear Ms Rian VOGELS,

I would like to congratulate you on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe for the report. And I would like to thank also the Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities for the work behind this report.

The restructuring of our rules of procedures may appear at the first sight to be a technical exercise, but clear rules are an essential part of the credibility and effectiveness of any parliamentary institution.

It's not an attempt to redefine the substance of the Assembly's external relations, rather it's an effort to bring greater clarity, coherence and accessibility to the framework through which these relations are conducted. Our external and interparliamentary relations already serve as an important purpose promoting human rights, democracy and the rule of law, strengthening parliamentary institutions and developing parliamentary diplomacy.

The challenge is to ensure that the rules governing this work are sufficiently clear to support these objectives. In particular, a well structured framework can help us better understand the respective roles of the President, Bureau, committees and other actors involved in the Assembly's external engagement. It also makes our procedures easier to follow for our partners. For me, this is particularly important because parliamentary diplomacy depends not only on formal agreements, it also depends on the ability to maintain dialogue, exchange experience and build trust.

Therefore, we support your report. Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:20:17

Thank you very much.

The next speaker is Ms Cristina Gabriella DUMITRESCU on behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates. The floor is yours.

Ms Cristina Gabriella DUMITRESCU

Romania, ECPA

10:20:26

Thank you.

Dear colleagues,

As this is a technical update to the Rules of Procedure, which we agree in principle, I can keep our contribution short.

What concerns us is that, once again, more declarations, more paperwork and more bureaucracy are being required. I understand the reason why this was initially created after the corruption scandal in 2017, but has there ever been a consequence for any member who made a false or incomplete declaration? They are being published on the website. So has anyone ever pointed out to the Secretariat that there was something wrong? And if so, were there any consequences for the member who made an error?

Some of our members, who attend both the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), can't be bothered anymore to fill out the same paperwork over and over again for every election observation mission. So they skip PACE and go with the OSCE to the same country, the same election observation, contributing to the same joint PACE-OSCE report, but without the paperwork.

In the age of artificial intelligence, this 1950s-style bureaucratic and archaic way of working, creating even more rules, more regulation, more control, with an absolutely hopeless website and an even worse PACE app – which is not even an app – does not contribute to the image that this Assembly is fit for purpose.

So, therefore, I am making a strong appeal. Make a tabula rasa and catch up with the 2026 necessities.

Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:22:25

Thank you very much. I call Ms Sevilay ÇELENK on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left. The floor is yours.

 

Ms Sevilay ÇELENK

Türkiye, UEL

10:22:34

Dear colleagues,

I would like to congratulate the rapporteur, Ms Rian VOGELS, for her excellent work.

The restructuring and streamlining of our rules, as we said before, may seem to be a technical exercise.

However, I believe this report has an important institutional dimension. Clear and coherent rules are essential for the effective functioning, credibility and transparency of this Assembly.

Guest delegations play an important role in our work. They bring different experiences and perspectives to our debates. It also helps to strengthen dialogue between the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) and special guest, observer and partner for democracy delegations.

Therefore, I particularly welcome the provisions concerning the ethical standards applicable to the guests of the Assembly. All guests who actively participate in the work of this Assembly should express that they clearly understand the values and ethical standards that govern our activities. This creates greater clarity and a common ethical framework for all those participating in our work.

Furthermore, this report doesn’t fundamentally change the rights of guests of the Assembly. Rather, it clarifies the definition of the guests and makes their responsibilities clearer.

In addition, I appreciate the report’s emphasis on proportionality. It doesn’t introduce disproportionate requirements for guest participants because they don’t have the same rights and responsibilities as members of the Assembly.

For this reason, I welcome that the requirement for written declarations of interests is kept limited but oral declarations remain obligatory if the guest member has such a relevant interest in the debate.

All in all, we support this draft resolution that aims to apply the Code of Conduct to the guests of the Assembly and to require them to make a declaration subscribing to the values of the Council of Europe.

Ultimately, this resolution strengthens transparency, accountability and public confidence in our institution.

Thank you very much.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:24:59

Thank you very much. I call now Ms Gökçe GÖKÇEN, on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group. The floor is yours.

Ms Gökçe GÖKÇEN

Türkiye, SOC

10:25:08

Thank you, Mister Chair.

Dear colleagues,

First of all, I would like to thank the rapporteur for her work and the Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities for tabling the motion.

Safeguarding the principle of parliamentary autonomy has required centuries of struggle, leading to the development of parliamentary immunities and parliamentary discipline. Parliamentary discipline is not merely about measures. On the one hand, it safeguards the proper functioning of parliament; on the other, it ensures compliance with ethical standards that strengthen our democracy and reflect our commitment to human rights.

Ethical standards help align the interests of the people with those of their elected representatives and they reduce the disproportionate influence of interest groups and money on politics.

Parliamentary law is a particularly interesting field in which to observe how different systems influence one another. The development of parliamentary ethical standards in different countries influences our Parliamentary Assembly, just as the rules of our Parliamentary Assembly influence other parliamentary systems.

In this respect, we should recognise that the work we undertake here does not merely concern the internal rules of our institution. It can also serve as a source of inspiration for national legal systems.

Dear colleagues,

Members of special guest, observer, partner for democracy and other delegations make valuable contributions to the work of our Parliamentary Assembly. These contributions help bring the diversity of political perspectives from different countries into our debates, enrich our reports through more comprehensive research and, at the same time, enable the work of our Assembly to reach a wider European audience.

In this regard, applying ethical standards to the members of these delegations, as we do to members of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) with the necessary adaptations, will contribute to improving the quality of our Assembly’s work.

It is equally important to maintain the principle of proportionality between powers and responsibilities when establishing these rules.

The report proposes that the Code of Conduct should apply, mutatis mutandis, to guests of the Assembly.

In this context, it provides that guests of the Assembly should declare their commitment to the values of the Council of Europe; that members of partner for democracy delegations appointed as rapporteurs for information should submit a written declaration of interests; and that the rules regarding conduct and the maintenance of order should also apply to guests of the Assembly, with the necessary adaptations.

On behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, I would like to express our support for this work.

Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:27:50

Thank you very much. The final speaker on behalf of the groups is Mr Theo BOVENS on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party. The floor is yours. 

Mr Theo BOVENS

Netherlands, EPP/CD

10:28:00

Thank you, Mister President.

Dear colleagues,

Dear rapporteur Ms Rian VOGELS,

The resolution we are discussing today is unlikely to attract much attention from the outside world. Yet, it is a fine example of the kind of solid regulatory work that simply needs to be done to ensure our operations run more clearly and effectively.

Let me begin, therefore, by commending, on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, the rapporteur and the staff for the work they have put into this proposal. I have no doubt that this effort will be met with broad support when the decision is taken.

The resolution concerns the scope of our "Code of Conduct", the way we conduct ourselves, how we interact with one another, how we put forward our interests and how openly and transparently we work. These principles are already well-defined for us, the members. However, with this resolution, we are extending that scope to include everyone present as a guest or observer, as well as anyone participating in our work. We wholeheartedly support this move and the way things are worked out in the resolution.

Yet, for the members of my group it is just as important that we do not merely codify our conduct in rules, but also embody those rules in our actual behaviour. In my country, we use the expression "democratic ethos", where the Greek word "ethos" means more than spirit or character, it embodies the attitude that true democrats should have.

After all, democracy should not become a matter of power play, it ought to be about fair play.

I invite all our guests not to view these new rules merely according to the letter, but to interpret them according to their spirit as well. That means respecting dissenting opinions and being clear about one’s true intentions. In doing so, our guests, whatever role they may play, enrich our work, also in the future.

Thank you very much.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:30:05

Thank you very much.

That concludes the list of of speakers. I'll call Ms Rian VOGELS, the rapporteur, to reply. You have 3 minutes.

Ms Rian VOGELS

Netherlands, ALDE, Rapporteur

10:30:25

Thank you, Mister President.

Rules and procedures form the institutional backbone of every organisation. And as Ms Sona GHAZARYAN stated, we need clear rules. And as such, they should not be regarded as self-evident or beyond question. Instead, they require thorough examination and critical assessment before being implemented. And we did. And I thank the colleagues for their observations today.

It has been a pleasure to meet and exchange views with delegations of Council of Europe member states and elected representatives attending as guests of the Assembly. In preparing the report, we also held a hearing with representatives of Canada and the Turkish Cypriot community. These exchanges were very informative and added to the Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities and the Assembly's continuing work in promoting and exchanging best practice on effective parliamentary ethical frameworks.

Guests of the Assembly enrich our work by sharing their expertise and experience, as well as perspectives from their respective countries. They contribute to discussions and help inform members' deliberations and reports. And I am grateful for their presence in this Chamber and hope that my report will help strengthen our engagement with them.

Mister President, finally, to ensure public trust in democracy and in democratic institutions, it is vital that parliamentary ethical frameworks live up to the expectations of our citizens. And, as Mr Theo BOVENS said, with "ethos". Through this report, I am pleased to have contributed to that cause.

Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:32:31

Thank you very much, Ms Rian VOGELS.

Does the Chairperson of the Committee wish to speak?

Mr Christophe BRICO, the floor is yours. You have 3 minutes.

Mr Christophe BRICO

Monaco, EPP/CD, Chairperson of the Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities

10:32:43

Thank you, Mister President.

I shall speak in French. First and foremost, I would like to thank Ms Rian VOGELS for her work, which has been precise, balanced and proportionate; and which, to respond to one of the speakers, is intended not to add more procedures, but merely to involve more people in the procedures – and indeed to reduce the number of procedures for them.

Next, I would like to thank the members of the Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities, who carry out work that is often unseen, sometimes a little thankless, and which is simply intended – at least in this instance – to preserve the integrity of this House and thus the credibility of the work we do within it.

I had the opportunity this week, during the general policy debate, to point out that, far from being resistant to change, we are constantly adapting. That is the role of this Committee: to constantly seek solutions that both safeguard ethical standards and good conduct, whilst at the same time not hindering the effectiveness of our work. This is precisely the substance of this report, which builds on work we have already begun, and I certainly believe we should all vote in favour of it.

Providing our fellow citizens with the strongest possible assurances of our ethical standards means preserving the trust they place in politicians; and in this House we often speak of attacks on democracy or the loss of trust in democracy. And it is precisely through this sort of work that we may be able to restore some of our fellow citizens’ trust in their political leaders. I therefore urge you all to vote in favour of this report.

Thank you very much.

Vote: Restructuring and streamlining the Rules of Procedure: modalities relating to the external and interparliamentary relations of the Assembly

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:34:54

Thank you very much, Mr Christophe BRICO.

And now the debate is closed.

The Committee on Rules, Ethics and Immunities has presented the draft resolution (Document 16482), to which no amendments have been tabled.

We will now proceed to the vote on the draft resolution contained in that document. A simple majority is required.

I now open the vote. Please do vote.

I close the vote and call for the results to be displayed.

Thank you very much.

With a majority of 21 it is unanimously adopted. Thank you very much. 

Free debate

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:35:50

And we now come to the free debate. Thank you.

I remind members that this debate is for topics not already on the Agenda agreed on Monday morning. Speaking time will be limited to 3 minutes. Speakers should start by identifying the topic they wish to raise.

The free debate will finish at around 11:35 a.m.

We can start. On behalf of the groups, we have Ms Martina KEMPF on behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates. The floor is yours. Thank you.

Ms Martina KEMPF

Germany, ECPA

10:36:42

Dear colleagues, I would like to draw your attention to a potential threat to democracy in Germany. It concerns the work...

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:36:50

The previous speakers, if they can leave the Chamber.

Colleagues, colleagues,

Again, thank you, Ms Rian VOGELS.

Colleagues, colleagues, once again, Christophe.

Thank you very much for your report and thank you very much. And now we have the free debate.

I call Ms Martina KEMPF again; you have all 3 minutes. Please.

Ms Martina KEMPF

Germany, ECPA

10:37:37

Dear colleagues,

I would like to draw your attention to a potential threat to democracy in Germany: specifically, the work of party-affiliated foundations. Germany provides funding to party-affiliated foundations for their socio-political and educational work. In 2024, this amounted to a total of 688 million euros. This enormous sum went exclusively to foundations affiliated with the established political parties.

The foundation of the largest opposition party, Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), received exactly 0 euros. The foundations affiliated with the established parties receive state funding for hundreds of staff members. The foundation affiliated with the AfD receives no funding for a single staff member. Nor is the AfD’s foundation able to award thousands of scholarships, as the other foundations do. One might question whether it really makes sense to pay out so much taxpayers’ money to party-affiliated foundations. But if it is done, then it must also be fair and must not exclude the foundations of major parties.

The Desiderius Erasmus Foundation’s application for funding for the year 2026, submitted in March 2025, has not yet been finalised. However, if the funding – amounting to 25 million – is not approved by the end of the year, it will lapse. Consequently, there is very little time left this year. The foundation would like to take legal action against the Ministry of the Interior’s inaction to date. However, the amount in dispute would be 25 million euros, which is an enormous sum. This would mean legal costs of 300,000 euros for the foundation in the first instance alone, and the foundation is simply unable to take on such a debt.

The foundation, which is close to the AfD, subsequently appealed to the Federal Constitutional Court, which could have accepted the case but did not, giving the terse reason that legal remedies had not been exhausted.

Should the funds not be paid out this year, political and democratic competition will be severely distorted. The work towards the political objectives of the foundation of the AfD – by far the strongest opposition party – will then be massively hampered in Germany. The AfD-affiliated foundation therefore lodged an individual application with the European Court of Human Rights in August 2026. This is the last hope.

Dear colleagues, I hereby also urge the Federal Minister of the Interior, Mr Alexander DOBRINDT, to fulfil his duty to disburse funds to the Desiderius Erasmus Foundation, which is closely associated with the AfD, as soon as possible.

Thank you very much.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:40:52

Thank you very much. I call now Ms Saskia KLUIT on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.

Ms Saskia KLUIT

Netherlands, SOC, Spokesperson for the group

10:41:00

Thank you, I am here.

Thank you very much, President.

I want to, in the name of my group, put the point forward of democratic backsliding in the Middle East.

We have two upcoming elections in the coming months, one in Palestine and one in Israel. The 7 October and the ongoing genocide in Gaza and the ethnic cleansing in the West Bank have a profound impact on the democratic process in both places.

Let me first talk about Palestine. It is not clear whether there will be elections in the whole of the Occupied Palestinian Territory. There are serious concerns about whether voters can reach their voting booths because of the blockades that are within the Palestinian territories. This week, the average time Palestinians have had to wait in line for a blockade is about six hours. And there are concerns about the democratic and safety of political parties that take part in the process. Yet we have been invited to observe the elections and I'm happy that we still decided to try and go and do that, because it is important to be at this election with the people who struggle so hard to get more freedom and freedom of speech.

And then there is Israel. The political landscape, is diverse in Israel, yet all Arab parties have been banned from the elections. It's now in the High Court. We have to wait to see how it ends, but it is already clear that one of the politicians will have to step down. There is no opposition party, nor coalition party, who will agree to fulfil the Oslo Accords and make a Palestinian state.

There is immense violence against critical voices. We have the documentary, NAZA, which has taken a lot of heat, and the journalists who made it, Ms Rachel SZOR and Mr Yuval ABRAHAM, are now in hiding for their safety. Their government threatens to take away their nationality. And there are threats made against other critical voices also. Whether they are human rights organisations or whether they are critical voices in the media, intimidation is very loud.

And this is all happening against a backdrop of immense human rights violations. Whether we talk about children in military detention, whether we talk about the intimidation of journalists or critical voices, and whether we talk about other things that are going on and which are not in line with our values.

So I am very happy that we have this free debate, because this week was very packed. We debated very important things. But we should never forget about the situation in the Middle East and the people that need our help to improve the democratic systems there. Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:44:12

Thank you very much.

Now we move forward to the list of individual speakers.

I call Mr Adam BODNAR from Poland. The floor is yours.

Mr Adam BODNAR

Poland, EPP/CD

10:44:25

Mister President,

Ladies and gentlemen,

I would like to say a few words about the recent decision of the European Court of Human Rights.

The European Court of Human Rights has always been regarded as the "conscience of Europe",  the last instance where justice is administered, where victims of human rights abuses may be heard and where states responsible for violations are held accountable.

The unique character of the Strasbourg system lies in the right of individual application. Whether you live in Reykjavik or in Baku, you can bring your case before the Court. And sometimes you have to wait for a very long time for resolution of a case. But for some victims, that hope may be the only thing which keeps them going.

While Russia was still a party to the European Convention on Human Rights, thousands of Russian applicants brought their cases to Strasbourg, relying on the premise that their individual complaints would be examined by an independent international court.

Yet, on 3 September 2026, in Lebedeva and Others v. Russia, the Court decided to strike out 879 applications, concerning, among other things, fair-trial rights, inhuman or degrading treatment, freedom of expression or property rights.

These were not abstract legal questions. They concerned alleged violations of the rights of real people. The Court did not examine the merits of these applications. It concluded that they did not have sufficient "marked importance" to justify their further examination.

As a result of this decision, approximately 1 500 applicants, therefore, lost the opportunity to have their individual cases decided, without a judgment on the merits and through a controversial application of Article 37 of the Convention.

I fully understand the difficulties facing the Court. I understand that it has limited resources and an enormous workload. And I understand that Russia no longer co-operates with the Court and is unlikely to implement its judgments.

But for a victim somewhere in Yekaterinburg or Vladivostok, these institutional realities do not necessarily make their hope less important.

Perhaps these persons do not expect compensation. Perhaps they do not even expect Russia to comply with a judgment. Perhaps they simply want to see their name in a judgment finding that their rights had been violated and to be able to say: "There are still courts in Europe".

This is why I call on the member states of the Council of Europe to provide the Court with the resources necessary to deal with these applications. And I call on the Court to reconsider the Lebedeva decision and give these applicants what they deserve: being heard and a feeling of having obtained justice.

Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:47:18

Thank you.

I call now Mr Narek KARAPETYAN from Armenia. The floor is yours.

Mr Narek KARAPETYAN

Armenia, ECPA

10:47:32

Can you hear?

Honourable President,

Dear colleagues,

Today I wanted to speak about healthcare issues, but something shocking happened and I must talk about it instead.

Exactly 24 hours ago, a terrible event took place in Armenia, a country that has done everything possible in recent years to build good relations with all its neighbours. An armed Azerbaijani soldier crossed into Armenia, entered a family home and shot a mother right in front of three children. This is already the second time recently that Armenian civilians have been directly attacked by soldiers from neighbouring country.

Do you know why these soldiers are so confident? No punishment. The international courts and bodies that were supposed to act against those responsible for ethnic cleansing of Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh did absolutely nothing. A bad example. A few hundred kilometres from here, in Hungary, an Azerbaijani soldier killed a sleeping Armenian soldier with an axe during a North Atlantic Treaty Organization training programme. But he was extradited to Azerbaijan. The killer didn't spend even one day in Azerbaijani prison. Instead, the President of Azerbaijan welcomed him, gave him a hero's title and let him drive freely through the streets of Baku. By sending him back, an EU member state accidentally gave a green light to this dangerous behaviour.

Because of this we see the same thing happening again yesterday. Azerbaijani soldiers enter Armenia, attack peaceful citizens and when they are extradited to Azerbaijan they are accepted as heroes. The dangerous cycle must end. The European Community can't remain a mere spectator. Actors of violence must never be glorified. The lives of peaceful Armenian civilians are of paramount importance. No to extradition if there will not be guaranteed justice. Yes to international justice.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:50:37

Thank you.

I now call Mr Marc RISCH from Liechtenstein. The floor is yours.

Mr Marc RISCH

Liechtenstein, ALDE

10:50:46

Dear Chair, esteemed colleagues,

I would like to speak on the subject of suicidal tendencies and suicide prevention, because suicide prevention concerns us all.

How can the issue of despair and suicidal tendencies be effectively raised in the public sphere in a preventative manner? How can we make a meaningful contribution to countering dangerous misconceptions about suicidal tendencies?

Should we talk publicly about suicidal tendencies? Yes, we must. I am speaking today as a specialist in psychiatry and as a deeply concerned social and health policy maker. Suicidal tendencies are a complex phenomenon. Twenty per cent of the population experience a weariness with life and passive wishes for death, without these escalating to dangerous levels.

By contrast, globally, one person dies by suicide every 40 seconds and suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15- to 29-year-olds. Deaths by suicide are the tip of a proverbial, silent and tragic iceberg in the darkness.

To put it plainly, the epidemiological data speaks for itself: in the member states of the Council of Europe, an average of over 200 people die by suicide every day, while at the same time there are several thousand suicide attempts every day. Broken down over the three minutes of this speech, a suicide attempt takes place somewhere in Europe every 20 seconds, often unrecognised and silently hidden in the shadows of our societies.

I call for us to create the conditions at a political level to effectively enshrine findings from suicidology and public health research in legislation, and for us to ensure that financial resources and human resources are made available for effective prevention and low-threshold access, for counselling and for the treatment of people experiencing mental health difficulties and of their loved ones, always with a particular focus on vulnerable groups.

Each of us can be a voice. A voice for those affected and their families, who are unable to speak out due to their illness or out of fear of stigmatisation. A voice to actively champion the fight against social exclusion, and a voice to highlight the dramatic effects of the so-called "loneliness epidemic", which can suddenly affect any and all of us. Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:54:03

Thank you very much.

Next is Ms Albana VOKSHI from Albania. The floor is yours.

Ms Albana VOKSHI

Albania, EPP/CD

10:54:15

Thank you, dear Chair.

Colleagues, the Council of Europe rests on three pillars: human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Membership carries an obligation to uphold them.

Albania accepted that obligation 30 years ago. Today, I fear we are failing to honour it. I speak with love for my country and with anguish for people who deserve freedom, justice and future at home. On election, the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) found no level playing field, documenting massive misuse of public resources, pressure through patronage networks, intimidation, vote buying and State party criminal involvement. We then consider Albania an electoral autocracy. Corruption remains a fundamental concern reaching across sectors and levels of government. Journalists face pressure. There are no checks and balances.

Dear colleagues, the word "scandal" is losing its meaning in Albania. One case follows another. When institutions meant to protect citizens are suspected of serving criminal interests, the state is captured. Precisely when investigations reached the Prime Minister's inner circle, with cases involving the former Deputy Prime Minister Ms Belinda BALLUKU, the former intelligence chief Ms Vlora HYSENI and other senior officials, he presents worrying changes to the Criminal Procedure Code.

First he proposes changing Article 242 to create "super-immunity" for himself and other senior officials. Now, only yesterday, two days ago, he comes with changes to 106 articles in the Code of Civil Procedure. The draft risks undermining the foundations of judicial reform to shield senior officials from justice. They create a political mechanism to protect the Prime Minister himself and other senior officials from current and future investigations. The current draft excludes offences carrying a maximum sentence of up to five years from arrest measures.

So if you steal, abuse in procurement, abuse in the office and in post, or are involved in electoral violations or crime, you do not serve a single day in prison. It creates a new procedural filter for investigation and evidence gathering, tightening the investigative secrecy. What political pressure failed to impose on justice is now being attempted through legislation. The draft creates de facto impunity for electoral crimes and violations and it threatens media freedom by restricting journalists from reporting on the investigation.

Justice institutions must have independence from power. No Prime Minister or government should rewrite the rules to shield themselves from scrutiny. This Assembly's message must be united and unequivocal: protect independent justice, protect journalists, protect citizens, defend democracy and the rule of law and demand accountability.

I call on this Assembly to call for a Venice Commission examination before the adoption, a transparent consultation and close monitoring of the effect of these amendments on judicial independence. Behind this failure are families losing hope and young people leaving home.

Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

10:57:26

Thank you.

I now call Ms Victoria TIBLOM from Sweden. The floor is yours.

Ms Victoria TIBLOM

Sweden, ECPA

10:57:33

Thank you, Mister President.

I will speak about the increased insecurity for women in Europe.

For decades, Europe has been one of the best places in the world to be a woman.

Women gained equal rights before the law. Girls were encouraged to pursue education and careers. Women could move freely, dress as they wished, and participate fully in public life. These achievements should never be taken for granted.

Today, however, many women and girls across Europe feel that their freedom and safety are under growing pressure. One reason is that Europe has experienced large-scale migration from countries where the equality of women and men is not widely accepted and where women are often expected to live under restrictions that would be unacceptable in our societies.

Of course, individuals must always be judged as individuals. But we cannot ignore the reality that ideas and cultural norms also cross borders. If Europe welcomes people from fundamentally different cultural backgrounds, we must also be prepared to defend the values that define our societies.

Too often, political leaders have been willing to discuss integration in economic terms while avoiding the cultural dimension. Yet, respect for women's rights is not a secondary issue. It is one of the foundations of European democracy.

When women avoid certain public spaces, when girls face social pressure because of how they dress or when honour-related violence and forced marriages continue to occur in Europe, we have a responsibility to speak openly about these challenges.

Tolerance must never mean tolerating intolerance.

The message should be clear: everyone who comes to Europe is welcome to contribute, work and become part of our societies. But they must also respect the principles that make Europe worth coming to in the first place: freedom, equality, democracy and the equal dignity of women and men.

Women's rights are not optional. They are not relative. They are universal, and Europe must have the confidence to defend them.

The Council of Europe was created to defend human dignity, democracy and fundamental rights. We cannot fulfil that mission if we are unwilling to defend the rights and freedoms of women and girls with the same determination.

Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:00:31

Thank you very much.

I now call Ms Vesela MOMCHEVA-TOWNE from Bulgaria. The floor is yours.

Ms Vesela MOMCHEVA-TOWNE

Bulgaria, NR

11:00:44

Distinguished colleagues,

We are discussing a New Democratic Pact for Europe at a time of growing inertia. It is an excellent initiative of the Secretary General, Mr Alain BERSET.

Perhaps inertia best describes the challenge Europe is facing today. Too often, the European Union seems stuck in neutral, while the world around us is changing rapidly. And when common European decisions are too slow or too distant from national realities, individual countries naturally begin to make more decisions based on their own interests and the needs of their citizens.

I come from Bulgaria and I represent Progressive Bulgaria, the political force that currently holds a parliamentary majority and bears the responsibility of governing our country. For us, therefore, this debate is not only merely theoretical, this is also about the responsibility we carry when citizens have entrusted us with the task of governing.

The report states that Europe should not have to choose between security and democracy. We would add one more point: Europe should not have to choose between sovereignty and unity either. We believe in a sovereign united Europe. However, Europe should remain a union of nation states and should not be transformed into a federal superstate. Attempts to move in that direction risk weakening the European project and fuelling the most aggressive far-right political forces.

European sovereignty should not mean weakening our national states, erasing their identities or moving decision making further away from citizens. The Council of Europe, as a pan-European platform for dialogue between its members, should act primarily as an international rather than supranational organisation. Member states should be involved to a greater extent in decision-making processes. The same principle should apply to other European institutions.

In my view, stronger parliamentary scrutiny of international institutions should be a priority within the European political architecture. For us, a sovereign Europe is a Europe strong enough to make its own decisions, protects its citizens, its economy and its democracy, and determine its own future. But sovereignty also requires the ability to reconsider our own policies when the world around us changes.

We cannot defend democracy by moving decisions further away from the people. We cannot expect trust in European institutions if citizens increasingly feel that that their voice matters less and less. We cannot speak of European sovereignty if we become economically, energetically or strategically dependant on others. Europe should be green, but it must also be economically strong. Democracy also means having the ability to say that the objective of a policy may have been right, but its implementation must be adjusted when circumstances require it. This is a sign of democratic maturity, not weakness.

That's why the New Democratic Pact should not become just another European document.

Thank you.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:03:51

Thank you very much.

I now call Ms Cristina Gabriella DUMITRESCU. The floor is yours.

Ms Cristina Gabriella DUMITRESCU

Romania, ECPA

11:03:58

Thank you.

Dear colleagues,

I came here today with a sad problem. Romania is losing its democracy.

My country has been without a government since May this year. Two days ago, the president's second official proposal for a prime minister and government team was rejected by parliament. Although there has been a third proposal, it never reached a vote in parliament because the numbers did not add up. Now, he's going for the fourth proposal.

Article 89 of the Romanian Constitution stipulates that parliament may be dissolved if at least two requests for a vote of confidence in a government have been rejected, provided that a minimum of 60 days have elapsed since the first request and consultation has been made with the president of the two chambers of the parliament and the leaders of the parliamentary groups.

The president still refuses to trigger snap elections, fails to respect the constitution, interferes in the affairs of political parties, totally disregards his role as a mediator, and even publicly rejects the possibility of collaborating with the second-largest party in the Romanian Parliament.

Dear colleagues, political mandates are neither permanent nor unconditional. Once a government fails and crisis seems endless, the ultimate authority must go back to the people. The vote remains the undeniable instrument of citizen sovereignty.

Thank you very much.

Mr Marko PAVIĆ

Croatia, EPP/CD, President of the Assembly

11:05:52

Thank you.

Next is Mr Theo BOVENS from the Netherlands. The floor is yours.

Mr Theo BOVENS

Netherlands, EPP/CD

11:06:00

Thank you, President,

Dear colleagues,

I want to address the European identity.

A spirit of growing nationalism is sweeping through today's world. The idea of the nation-state emerged in the 19th century, yet it can sometimes seem as though one's country has existed since prehistoric times. An American president, for example, takes pride in the ties between 250-year-old America and the ancient Roman Empire.

I was born and served in public office in the Dutch border city of Maastricht, and am therefore expected to represent Dutch identity, to cheer on the Netherlands national football team, and to speak Dutch. Yet just three kilometres from my home, people already speak French, while 20 kilometres to the east the German-speaking region begins. My dialect is my first language.

Alongside my local, regional and national identities, I am also proud to call myself European. Yet, within its official institutions, European identity is shaped primarily through national political systems, despite all we say regarding cultural minorities.

Our Council of Europe has 46 member states, while the European Union has 27. And let us be honest: national interests usually prevail in these multilateral organisations. Great champions of Europe – Alcide DE GASPERI, Konrad ADENAUER and Robert SCHUMAN – all lived in border regions. Apparently, people who live near a border, often far from their capital, find it easier to embrace a triple identity: one that is regional, national and European.

It is precisely here in Strasbourg, in Alsace-Lorraine, that this clash of identities can be felt. This week, Pope Leo XIV visited France. Unfortunately, he did not come to Strasbourg. At UNESCO in Paris, he spoke about artificial intelligence. He also visited nearby Metz. And in Metz, at the centre named after Robert SCHUMAN, he spoke with interfaith leaders and European politicians about Europe's identity. His argument is that this identity is built on shared values and on common understandings of human rights, the rule of law and democracy.

I would have liked to welcome him here in this Chamber, incidentally.

I sincerely hope that the words this American pope addressed to Europe will be heard by many of us in public office. Those words celebrate the diversity of our continent while also reminding us of our common foundation of shared values.

Thank you very much.

Ms Petra BAYR

Austria, SOC, President of the Assembly

11:09:03

The next speaker is Ms Thérèse COFFEY, the last one on the list.

Baroness Thérèse COFFEY

United Kingdom, ECPA

11:09:11

Thank you, Madam President.

And it's great to see you in the chair. I have the honour of having the final speech at this session and I'll also just mention the clerk to your left hand side. Ms Anne-Marie GRIFFITHS, is somebody I know well from the UK Parliament and is very diligent in her duties there, as I'm sure she is here.

Madam President, I'll start by praising the pilot, Captain Smit MACHCHHAR.

His heroism, courage and presence of mind to open the cockpit door was truly astonishing. He saved nearly 200 lives, and likely prevented the further escalation of the conflict in the Middle East.

I also pay tribute to the brave Israelis who tackled the co-pilot undertaking this act of terrorism, and to the other pilots who landed the plane safely.

While this blatant terrorist attack on Jewish people was averted, sadly, in the United Kingdom a year ago today, the day of Yom Kippur, the most important festival in the Jewish faith, two Jewish men, Mr Melvin CRAVITZ and Mr Adrian DAULBY were murdered during an attack on Heaton Park Synagogue.

This has to stop.

I put it to the Assembly that we also have to stop the European Court of Human Rights from being exploited, particularly in regard to the issue of migration and the deportation of people involved in these sorts of terrorist acts.

Now, earlier this week we heard from the President of the European Court of Human Rights in this Chamber.

Regrettably, in a session of 50 minutes, the President took only five questions and I do not know if he had been advised that there were many more members who wanted to ask a question.

But this is what I would have asked him if I had the chance.

You cite judicial pragmatism as needed to consider situations today which others consider overreach, like the ruling on climate change against Switzerland. And I note that the British judge did not agree with the majority opinion. But in 1996, the landmark ruling in Chahal v. United Kingdom went way beyond the Refugee Convention regarding refoulement, making the "absolute" nature of Article 3 protections entirely one-sided, only recognising risks to the foreign criminal on deportation, but not those to the population of the would-be removing state.

Is it not time for a new judicial pragmatism on this issuey, when people once given refuge are now planning attacks against people and communities in European countries, particularly against Jewish communities?

It is issues like this that have triggered people’s concerns about European courts overruling or effectively directing UK courts.

And I know reform is supposed to be underway but it is not moving sufficiently quickly. That is why I would like the Court to reconsider some of its earlier rulings, in the spirit of the judicial pragmatism that the President of the Court says is guiding their considerations.

And finally, I raise the issue of former Secretary General Thorbjørn JAGLAND's relations with Mr Jeffrey EPSTEIN, and the investigation instigated. It seems the terms of reference are narrow, but I do call on the Bureau to demand transparency.

I encourage the Secretary General to be proactive. This issue will not go away.

Ms Petra BAYR

Austria, SOC, President of the Assembly

11:12:23

Thank you very much.

The debate is closed.

The next item on today's Agenda is the continuation of the debate on the Progress Report of the Bureau and the Standing Committee in Documentation 16484, Addendum 3.

The Bureau has approved several references to Committees, set out in Addendum 3.

These references must be submitted for ratification by the Assembly in accordance with Rule 26.3. Any objections successfully raised mean those references will be referred back to the Bureau.

Are there any objections to these references? I don't see any, so, the references are approved.

I propose that the other decision in the Progress Report in Document 16484, Addendum 3, be ratified. Are there any objections?

That's also not the case.

We have now come to the end of our business.

I would like to thank all members of the Assembly, especially those who are still here, particularly rapporteurs and chairs, for their hard work during the part-session.

I would also like to thank all my Vice-Presidents who chaired during this part-session, who were Ms Elisabetta GARDINI, Ms Tuula HAATAINEN, Mr Márton HAJDU, Mr Mogens JENSEN, Lord Carwyn JONES, Mr Hayk KONJORYAN, Ms Mariia MEZENTSEVA-FEDORENKO, Mr Marko PAVIĆ and Ms Kadri TALI.

I would also like to thank the staff, the technical personnel, the interpreters, both permanent and temporary, who have worked very hard to make the part-session a success. And by the way, I heard from many people that it was the best session they had ever witnessed. So let's hope.

[Applause]

I would particularly like to extend my sincere thanks to Mr Michel MÜLLER. Since his arrival as an usher in 2016, he has contributed to the smooth running of our sessions and has provided support to all members of this Chamber. After about 40 sessions, Mr MÜLLER, I would like to pay tribute once again to your efficiency and dedication. Thank you very, very much.

[Applause]

But he is not the only one. I would also like to extend the Assembly's thanks to Mr Steven MARK. He first worked in the Parliamentary Assembly in 2001, and since then has provided exemplary service in many roles, helping to ensure that we can complete our work. After about 15 sessions and over 35 part-sessions, Mr MARK, I would like to pay tribute to your expertise and dedication.

Best of luck to both of you, and thank you very much again.

[Applause]

I hope you'll have less stress in your near future.

The first part of the 2027 Session will be held from 25 to 29 January 2027.

I declare the fourth part-session of the 2026 session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe closed.

The sitting is closed.

The sitting is closed at 11:20 a.m.

Next part Session on 25 January 2027.