The Parliamentary Assembly's Resolution 2583 addresses the growing risks to human rights and the rule of law posed by mercenaries and private military and security companies (PMSCs). It highlights the lack of international regulation governing these entities, which can lead to human rights violations and undermine democratic oversight. The Assembly condemns the actions of Russian private military companies in Ukraine and distinguishes them from legitimate PMSCs. It calls for comprehensive regulation, including minimum requirements for licensing, accountability, and human rights compliance for PMSCs. The Assembly urges Council of Europe member states to ratify relevant international conventions, endorse the Montreux Document, and collaborate on developing a binding regulatory framework to ensure that PMSC activities align with human rights and democratic principles.