Artificial intelligence and migration

Recommendation 2300 (2025)

Author(s):

Parliamentary Assembly

Origin

Assembly debate on 3 October 2025 (36th sitting) (see Doc. 16240, report of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons, rapporteur: Mr Petri Honkonen). Text adopted by the Assembly on 3 October 2025 (36th sitting).

1. Noting the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in migration management, as in other areas, the Parliamentary Assembly recommends that the Committee of Ministers encourage the signature, ratification and implementation of the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225) by all member States and other States.

2. In the light of Resolution 2628 (2025) “Artificial intelligence and migration”, the Assembly urges the Committee of Ministers to prepare a recommendation guiding member States on the use of AI in migration management, followed by concrete measures that prioritise transparency, accountability and human rights protection.

3. The Assembly urges the Committee of Ministers to ensure that migration-related policy instruments incorporate strong and enforceable safeguards and calls for the development of a code of good practice on the use of AI in migration management and in procedures affecting the rights of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, which could form part of the above recommendation.

4. The Assembly recommends that the Committee of Ministers plan – within the Council of Europe – awareness-raising programmes on the implications of AI in migration management for ombudsman institutions and equality bodies. These activities should strengthen their capacity to safeguard human rights. Similar awareness raising and training should be implemented for migration officers, caseworkers and non-governmental organisations; the Council of Europe Human Rights Education for Legal Professionals (HELP) programme and the European Union’s Digital Europe Programme may be useful instruments in this respect.

5. The Assembly recommends strengthening co-operation with all the relevant bodies and agencies of the European Union and the United Nations on the application of AI in migration management. It also emphasises the importance of co-operation between the Council of Europe and civil society on this question, which would be particularly valuable in the design of any forthcoming instruments.