Legal and human rights aspects of the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine
- Author(s):
- Parliamentary Assembly
- Origin
- Assembly
debate on 24 June 2025 (21st and 22nd sittings) (see Doc. 16193, report of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human
Rights, rapporteur: Mr Eerik-Niiles Kross). Text
adopted by the Assembly on 24 June 2025 (22nd sitting).
1. The Parliamentary Assembly reaffirms
its unwavering support for Ukraine and its people, and its commitment
to the independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity
of Ukraine within its internationally recognised borders, including
Crimea and all the other Ukrainian territories temporarily occupied
by the Russian Federation since 2014 and beyond. It reiterates its
strongest condemnation of the illegal, unprovoked and unjustified
war of aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and
the wide array of atrocities and violations of human rights and
international humanitarian law committed by the Russian authorities, including
the continued indiscriminate attacks on civilians, residential areas
and civilian infrastructure; enforced disappearances and deportations;
unlawful detentions and the use of torture; extrajudicial executions
of prisoners of war; rape and other forms of sexual violence; the
deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children; and the
destruction of Ukrainian cultural and religious heritage.
2. The Assembly notes that under the administration of President
Donald Trump, the United States of America has significantly shifted
its foreign policy, particularly in its relations with Ukraine and
the Russian Federation, including its position on the legal and
political assessment of the Russian war of aggression. The United
States, alongside the Russian Federation and its allies, voted against
a United Nations General Assembly Resolution of 24 February 2025
condemning the aggression and calling for a comprehensive, just and
lasting peace and the need to ensure accountability. The Assembly
deeply regrets this position. It is also concerned about the growing
disengagement of the new US administration from efforts towards
accountability for Ukraine, as evidenced by its withdrawal from
the Core Group on the Establishment of a Special Tribunal for the
Crime of Aggression against Ukraine (the Core Group) and the International
Centre for the Prosecution of the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine
based in The Hague. It further notes with concern that the reduction of
US foreign aid by the new administration has resulted in the suspension
of several critically important justice and accountability projects
related to Ukraine, including those concerning co-operation with
the Ukrainian prosecuting authorities. The Assembly is also deeply
concerned about sanctions imposed by the United States on the International
Criminal Court (ICC), as they significantly hinder the prosecution
of international crimes, including those committed in Ukraine as
a result of the Russian aggression.
3. This shift has happened in the context of the bilateral talks
that the United States has held with both the Russian Federation
and Ukraine, aimed at achieving a permanent ceasefire in Ukraine
and the launch of peace negotiations. While the Assembly welcomes
the United States’ commitment in this process to help achieve the exchange
of prisoners of war, the release of civilian detainees and the return
of forcibly transferred Ukrainian children, it notes that Ukraine’s
proposal for a renewable and unconditional thirty-day ceasefire,
supported by the United States, was not accepted by the Russian
Federation, which continues to conduct missile, guided bomb and
drone attacks against Ukrainian residential areas and civilian infrastructure
almost every day. In March 2025 alone, at least 164 Ukrainian civilians
were killed and 910 injured by Russian attacks – a 50% rise from
the figures in February. From January to May 2025, a total of 664
Ukrainian civilians were killed and 3 425 injured.
4. The Assembly notes with utmost concern that certain US representatives
have suggested that the Russian Federation’s unlawful seizure of
Ukrainian territories through its war of aggression should be accepted and
de jure recognised as part of a
future peace agreement. In this context and in light of the rapidly
evolving situation, the Assembly declares that certain fundamental
principles of international law must not and cannot be set aside
or undermined in any ongoing or future negotiations. It refers to
all its previous resolutions addressing the legal and political
consequences of the Russian full-scale aggression against Ukraine
and underlines that all States are under the obligation to respect
international law. The inviolability of borders and the non-recognition
of territorial acquisitions resulting from the use of force are
core tenets of international law and the foundations of the rules-based
international order. These principles are enshrined in the Charter
of the United Nations, the Helsinki Final Act of 1975, the Declaration
on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations
and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the
United Nations (United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2625,
1970) and numerous other international instruments. The pursuit of
peace must be and can only be based on justice and international
co-operation, in line with the preamble to the Statute of the Council
of Europe (ETS No. 1). The Assembly therefore categorically reaffirms
the following undisputable legal and human rights considerations
related to the Russian war of aggression and calls on all member
and observer States as well as relevant European institutions and
international partners to ensure that any peace talks or negotiations
respect them:
4.1 the Russian Federation’s
war against Ukraine constitutes an act of aggression in violation
of Article 2.4 of the Charter of the United Nations;
4.2 Belarus has allowed the Russian Federation to use its
territory to perpetrate an act of aggression against Ukraine, which
amounts in itself to an act of aggression;
4.3 North Korea has deployed troops to fight alongside Russian
forces against Ukraine, therefore participating in the act of aggression
against Ukraine;
4.4 Ukraine is exercising its inherent right to self-defence
in accordance with Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations;
4.5 the political and military leadership of the Russian Federation,
Belarus and North Korea has committed and continues to be complicit
in the crime of aggression against Ukraine, which entails individual
criminal responsibility for the leaders concerned, irrespective
of their official position, including heads of State and government;
4.6 the illegal annexation of Crimea and other Ukrainian territories
temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation as a result of the
aggression since 2014 is a serious breach of
jus
cogens norms and, as such, cannot be recognised. In fact,
such a recognition in itself, and any coercion of Ukraine to recognise
these annexations, would be a violation of international law and
would lead to a further deterioration in the protection of human
rights and fundamental freedoms, especially given that, as underlined
in Assembly
Opinion 300 (2022) “Consequences
of the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine”, victims
of Russian violations of international law still have no access
to effective remedies within the national legal framework of the
Russian Federation;
4.7 the multiple and continued attacks and atrocities committed
by Russian forces and their allies and proxies against Ukraine and
its people amount to war crimes, including grave breaches of the
Geneva Conventions and international humanitarian law, as well as
crimes against humanity when perpetrated as part of a widespread
and systematic attack against the civilian population, for which
individual perpetrators must be held accountable;
4.8 the Russian Federation is committing some of the acts
that constitute an element of genocide under the 1948 United Nations
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, and
its rhetoric justifying the war of aggression reveals a genocidal
intent to destroy the Ukrainian nation as such;
4.9 none of these crimes can be subject to any form of amnesty
or any statute of limitations under international law;
4.10 the ICC has full jurisdiction to investigate and prosecute
war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide committed on Ukrainian
territory by Russian forces and their allies and proxies, and States Parties
to the Rome Statute of the ICC have an unconditional obligation
to co-operate with the ICC in the context of these proceedings,
including by enforcing any arrest warrants issued against Russian
or other suspects;
4.11 the Russian Federation has committed multiple and grave
violations of the European Convention on Human Rights (ETS No. 5,
the Convention) in Ukraine since the occupation and annexation of Crimea
in 2014 and in the context of the full-scale aggression. Referring
to the Decision of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of
Europe (CM/Del/Dec(2025)1521/H46-29), the Assembly stresses that
although the Russian Federation ceased to be a High Contracting
Party to the European Convention on Human Rights on 16 September
2022, it remains bound by its obligations under the Convention,
including the duty to implement judgments of the European Court
of Human Rights, particularly the judgment in the case of Ukraine v. Russia (re Crimea). The
Assembly urges the Russian authorities to immediately implement
all measures specified by the Committee of Ministers that are related
to the administrative practice of torture, enforced disappearances,
the unlawful transfer of civilians, the large-scale expropriation
of property and other numerous violations resulting from the occupation
of Crimea by the Russian Federation;
4.12 the Russian Federation has breached many other treaties
under international human rights law, including the International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention against Torture
and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and
the Convention on the Rights of the Child of the United Nations;
4.13 the Russian Federation has also been condemned by the
European Court of Human Rights for acts of torture and inhuman treatment
committed against its own citizens who challenge the war of aggression
of the Russian Federation in Ukraine;
4.14 the Russian Federation must bear the legal consequences
of all of its internationally wrongful acts committed in and against
Ukraine, including by making reparation for all the damage caused
by such acts to Ukraine and its people, as recognised in the United
Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/ES-11/5 of 14 November 2022
and in accordance with the principles of State responsibility;
4.15 the repurposing of frozen Russian State assets, in Council
of Europe member States and non-member States, would constitute
lawful countermeasures against the Russian Federation, as they would be
intended to induce the aggressor to cease its unlawful behaviour
and to fulfil its obligation to make reparations;
4.16 according to international democratic standards, elections
cannot be held under martial law and President Zelenskyy is the
legitimate President of Ukraine until elections can lawfully be
held.
5. The Assembly notes that internationally recognised borders
constitute an essential element of the rules-based international
order. Since 2014, numerous individuals – both citizens of the Russian
Federation and of other States – have unlawfully crossed Ukraine’s
State borders, including through unauthorised visits to temporarily
occupied territories such as Crimea, Mariupol, Donetsk and Luhansk.
Among such citizens are pro-Kremlin celebrities such as Russian
producer Iosif Prigozhin and singer Valeriya, and American actor
Steven Seagal. Such actions in support of the Russian war of aggression
represent a violation of Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity
and should have legal consequences.
6. The Assembly strongly supports the position of the Council
of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights to make human rights the
guiding principle for all current and future peace efforts. His
human rights road map for a just, lasting and effective peace for
Ukraine encompasses accountability, including the establishment
of a special tribunal for the crime of aggression against Ukraine,
reparation and redress for victims, the release of prisoners of
war and civilian detainees, the return of Ukrainian children and
the tracing of missing persons, and the protection of people in
temporarily occupied territories and reconstruction. The Assembly
also underlines the constitutional role of the National Human Rights
Institution (NHRI) of Ukraine in monitoring and documenting gross
human rights violations, and advocating for redress. Its effective
involvement in peace and accountability processes is essential to
ensuring a victim-centred and human rights-compliant approach.
7. In this context, the Assembly refers to its
Resolution 2598 (2025) “Russian
war of aggression against Ukraine: the need to ensure accountability
and avoid impunity” (paragraphs 9 and 10) and welcomes the adoption
by the Core Group participants of the Lviv Statement of 9 May 2025,
expressing political support for the draft legal texts for the establishment
of the special tribunal for the crime of aggression against Ukraine within
the framework of the Council of Europe. This step will pave the
way for the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to adopt,
in due course, the necessary decisions for the setting-up of the
special tribunal. While noting that a compromise may have had to
be reached on certain issues such as personal immunities, which
may fall short of the Assembly’s own demands and existing rules
of international law, the Assembly hopes that the final statute
will enable the special tribunal to effectively investigate, prosecute
and punish those who bear the responsibility for the crime of aggression.
The special tribunal is an essential part of a comprehensive system
of accountability for Ukraine and for the international legal order,
which will fill an existing gap and deter future aggressions by
the same or other aggressive regimes.
8. The Assembly underlines that any future peace negotiations
aimed at ending the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine
must include a comprehensive and just system of reparations for
the damage caused. Redress for victims is essential for lasting
peace and reconciliation. In this context, the Assembly highlights
the critical role of the Register of Damage Caused by the Aggression
of the Russian Federation against Ukraine (the Register), established
under the auspices of the Council of Europe, as the first operational element
of an international compensation mechanism. The Register represents
a vital step in documenting the damage, loss and injury resulting
from the aggression and in laying the groundwork for a future claims
process. In line with its previous resolutions, the Assembly[BB1]
considers that the Register and the comprehensive compensation mechanism
should cover claims relating to the damage caused since February 2014
and not only from 24 February 2022. Discussions on mechanisms for
contributing to a future compensation fund must be intensified,
taking into account the potential of repurposing frozen Russian
assets.
9. As stated in its previous
Resolution 2573 (2024) “Missing
persons, prisoners of war and civilians in captivity as a result
of the war of aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine”,
the Assembly is appalled by the numerous findings of international
mechanisms and independent media investigations which continue to
provide evidence of the systematic use of torture against Ukrainian
prisoners of war and detained civilians held in the Russian Federation
or in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. It takes
note of the March 2025 report of the United Nations Independent
International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, which concluded
that enforced disappearances and torture have been conducted by
the Russian authorities as part of a widespread and systematic attack
against the civilian population and pursuant to a co-ordinated State policy,
therefore amounting to crimes against humanity. The report found
that the most brutal forms of torture were used during interrogations,
including severe beatings, electric shocks, burns, strangling, suffocation, hanging,
rape and other forms of sexual violence. A recent media investigation
by Forbidden Stories has also shed light on the prison system established
by the Russian Federation for Ukrainian civilian detainees, revealing
that torture and ill-treatment are systematic in at least 26 detention
centres.
10. The Assembly expresses solidarity with Russian citizens facing
repression for denouncing the war against Ukraine. It demands the
immediate release of all political prisoners imprisoned in the Russian Federation
because of their opposition to this war, as well as prisoners of
war, political prisoners and civilians captured by the Russian Federation
in the occupied Ukrainian territories and in the Russian Federation.
11. According to the figures from the Ukrainian authorities, 5 757
individuals have been returned from Russian captivity since 24 February
2022, including 294 Ukrainian civilians, while 186 locations where Ukrainian
civilians and prisoners of war are detained, both in the Russian
Federation and in the occupied territories, have been identified.
The current number of missing persons, including both prisoners
of war and civilians, is estimated by the Ukrainian Ministry of
Internal Affairs at 74 000. At the same time, the International Committee
of the Red Cross (ICRC) has documented around 50 000 cases of missing
persons, without distinguishing by nationality. It has visited more
than 3 000 prisoners of war in captivity on both sides, but specific
figures for visits to civilian detainees are not available. While
the exact number of Ukrainian civilians held in captivity by the
Russian Federation is difficult to determine, the Assembly considers
that the practice of detention of Ukrainian civilians by the Russian
Federation without any legal grounds is per se unlawful, arbitrary and
in violation of international humanitarian law, and it amounts to
war crimes and crimes against humanity. It therefore urges the Russian
Federation to immediately and unconditionally release all unlawfully
detained Ukrainian civilians. In the meantime, the ICRC should have
immediate, safe and unimpeded access to all facilities where Ukrainian
civilians are being detained, both in the temporarily occupied territories
and in the Russian Federation, in line with Article 143 of the Geneva
Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time
of War of 12 August 1949 (Geneva Convention IV). The Assembly supports
the establishment of an international civilian protection mechanism
involving the NHRI and other relevant institutions, tasked with monitoring
and publicly reporting on the treatment of civilians in occupied
territories and places of detention.
12. The Assembly has repeatedly condemned the deportation of Ukrainian
children to the Russian Federation and Belarus, and the forcible
transfer of Ukrainian children to the Ukrainian territories temporarily occupied
by the Russian Federation. These practices violate international
humanitarian law (Geneva Convention IV and Additional Protocol I)
and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and constitute
war crimes, crimes against humanity and an element of the crime
of genocide. According to information from the Ukrainian Government,
as of May 2025, 19 546 children had been deported or forcibly transferred,
and only 1 366 had been returned. A recent report by the Yale School
of Public Health Humanitarian Research Lab showed how Russian Federation-flagged
military transport planes under the direct control of Vladimir Putin’s
office transported groups of children from the occupied Donetsk
and Luhansk oblasts, and how
Russian-controlled databases obfuscated these children’s identities,
including their nationality, in order to facilitate their placement
and conceal the government’s programme of coerced adoption and fostering.
The operation was initiated by Vladimir Putin and his subordinates
with the intention of “russifying” children from Ukraine. On 10 June
2025, during a meeting of the Security Council of the Russian Federation,
Vladimir Putin announced the implementation of numerous educational
programmes based on so-called traditional values, including the
fulfilment of military duty – a policy that, among other consequences, contributes
to the militarisation of Ukrainian children in the occupied territories.
The Assembly further notes that according to credible sources, as
at 14 August 2024, at least 3 500 Ukrainian children from Russian-occupied territories
of Ukraine had been forcibly transferred through or into Belarus,
where these children were subjected to a Russian political, military
and religious indoctrination programme. This transfer was carried
out under a direct order from Aliaksandr Lukashenka. The Assembly
believes that any future peace negotiations should address this
situation and calls for the immediate and unconditional return and
reintegration of Ukrainian children, in accordance with the principle
of the best interests of the child. The Assembly underscores the critical
role of the NHRI as the independent children’s rights protection
institution, in ensuring the identification, safe return, legal
protection and reintegration of deported or forcibly transferred
Ukrainian children.
13. The Assembly strongly condemns the militarisation and political
indoctrination of Ukrainian children in territories temporarily
occupied by the Russian Federation, recognising that these acts
are severe violations of the rights of the child and a form of attack
against education, both in content and in quality, as well as against childhood
itself. Such actions include the systematic introduction of military
ideology into education, forced participation in military-patriotic
organisations, rewriting educational programmes to align with the
occupying State’s political and military agendas, and discrimination
against children and educators based on political beliefs. The Assembly
urges the immediate cessation of these practices and calls for their
documentation and monitoring by relevant international bodies, including
the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to education
and the Office of the Special Representative of the United Nations
Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict. The Assembly
further encourages the ICC to initiate proceedings under the Rome
Statute to prosecute these multiple violations as war crimes and
crimes against humanity and calls on the States that are Parties
to the Rome Statute to actively support programmes focused on psychosocial
rehabilitation and reintegration of the affected children, as well
as educational initiatives promoting peace, tolerance and critical thinking
to counteract indoctrination efforts.
14. The Assembly is greatly alarmed by the Russian Federation’s
policy of ethnic cleansing in the temporarily occupied territories
of Ukraine, carried out through forced displacement, deportation
and violent assimilation. Presidential Decree No. 159 of 20 March
2025 obliges Ukrainian citizens in these areas to accept Russian
citizenship by 10 September 2025 or face expulsion, effectively
offering no choice but assimilation or deportation. Such measures
violate Geneva Convention IV, the Rome Statute of the ICC and the
United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the
Crime of Genocide. Acts such as banning the Ukrainian language in
schools, imposing Russian curricula and systematically erasing Ukrainian
cultural identity have been extensively documented by the United
Nations and amount to crimes under international law. In view of
the Russian Federation’s consistent disregard for its obligations
as an occupying power, the Assembly calls for the immediate establishment
of an independent international monitoring mission, preferably under
the auspices of the United Nations, to observe and report on the
human rights situation in the occupied territories of Ukraine. This
mission must be empowered to prevent further violations, document
evidence and support efforts to ensure accountability for those
responsible.
15. The Assembly expresses its deep concern at the support provided
by Iran and China to the Russian Federation. Iran has supplied the
Russian Federation with ballistic missiles and drones, many of which
have been used in indiscriminate attacks against civilian objects
in Ukraine, in what can be described as complicity in the Russian
Federation’s violations of international law. The Ukrainian authorities
have confirmed the detention of Chinese nationals fighting alongside
Russian forces, allegedly as irregular combatants. In addition, Chinese
companies have reportedly assisted the Russian Federation’s military
drone production by providing access to restricted components and
helping to circumvent international sanctions.
16. In the light of these considerations, the Assembly:
16.1 urges the Core Group participants
and all member States to move towards the establishment of the special
tribunal for the crime of aggression against Ukraine without delay,
by adopting the necessary decisions to finalise the legal instruments
for the establishment of the special tribunal, irrespective of the progress
of any peace negotiations;
16.2 calls on other States, in particular observer States and
States whose parliaments enjoy observer or partner for democracy
status with the Assembly, to join the future enlarged partial agreement
and support the special tribunal;
16.3 calls on all member States, observer States and other
States to support and contribute to the work of the Register of
Damage for Ukraine, as well as to the ongoing work to establish
a claims commission for Ukraine and a compensation fund for Ukraine,
and to ensure that reparations remain a core component of any peace
settlement;
16.4 calls on all member States, European institutions and
international partners to increase their assistance to the Office
of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine and existing international
accountability mechanisms, as well as civil society projects working
on Ukraine, to compensate for the negative impact of the US aid
freeze;
16.5 invites the ICC to consider adding new charges, including
crimes against humanity and genocide, in connection with the unlawful
detention, enforced disappearance and torture of Ukrainian civilian detainees
and with the deportation, forcible transfer and re-education of
Ukrainian children, as part of the investigation into the situation
in Ukraine; and invites States that are Parties to the Rome Statute
of the ICC to strengthen political, legal and material support for
the ICC, in particular regarding bolstering the Office of the Prosecutor
of the ICC in Kyiv;
16.6 calls on member and observer States to refrain from suspending
or impeding processes of international accountability relating to
crimes committed in the context of the aggression against Ukraine, including
through the United Nations Security Council;
16.7 calls on member and observer States and other States whose
legislation provides for universal jurisdiction to investigate and
prosecute war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide committed in
the context of the ongoing war of aggression, including crimes related
to the enforced disappearance and torture of Ukrainian civilian
detainees and the deportation, forcible transfer and re-education
of Ukrainian children, and encourages those States that do not provide
for universal jurisdiction to introduce such a possibility into
their legislation;
16.8 urges the Russian Federation to ensure compliance with
its obligations under international law, including international
humanitarian law, and immediately cease the practice of enforced disappearances,
unlawful detention of Ukrainian civilians, systematic use of torture
against civilians and prisoners of war, deportation and forcible
transfer of Ukrainian children, to provide complete information concerning
prisoners of war, Ukrainian civilians and children under its control,
and to ensure immediate, safe and unimpeded access for the ICRC
and the NHRI to all places of detention where prisoners of war and
Ukrainian civilians are being held;
16.9 calls on member States, observer States, the European
Union and international partners to provide all necessary assistance
to Ukraine in its efforts to locate and secure the return of prisoners
of war, unlawfully detained Ukrainian civilians and Ukrainian children,
and to increase pressure on the Russian Federation to comply with
its above-mentioned international obligations, including through increased
sanctions and in the context of any peace talks or negotiations;
16.10 invites relevant international accountability mechanisms
to establish a standing consultation mechanism with the NHRI to
ensure continued victim-focused input into all stages of the international accountability
and peace processes;
16.11 urges member States and international partners to enhance
maritime transparency, tighten flag State controls, increase insurance
oversight and implement ship-to-ship transfer tracking mechanisms to
ensure that the Russian Federation does not benefit from its shadow
fleet;
16.12 calls on member and observer States to impose appropriate
sanctions or legal consequences on individuals who have entered
the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine in violation of
Ukrainian law to support the Russian war of aggression;
16.13 calls on member and observer States as well as States
whose parliaments enjoy observer or partner for democracy status
with the Assembly to ensure that sanctions regimes comprehensively target
the full chain of responsibility for international crimes committed
against Ukrainian children by including all individuals and institutions
– recorded by Ukrainian and partner States’ law-enforcement agencies
– that are directly or indirectly involved in the deportation, forcible
transfer, unjustified delay in repatriation, unlawful adoption or
guardianship, as well as the re-education, indoctrination and militarisation
of these children. Such regimes must be consistently applied, regularly
reviewed and co-ordinated across jurisdictions to prevent enforcement
gaps and circumvention. The Assembly encourages member States to
harmonise efforts, including through the establishment of an international mechanism
for countering crimes against Ukrainian children;
16.14 calls on member States to support all existing and past
initiatives aimed at documenting, investigating and legally classifying
international crimes committed in Ukraine by representatives of
the Russian Federation – including the United Nations Independent
International Commission of Inquiry in Ukraine and the Moscow Mechanism
of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
– by ensuring regular follow-up, promoting periodic assessments
and facilitating the implementation of their recommendations;
16.15 calls on member and observer States to impose appropriate
sanctions or other countermeasures on the Russian officials who
encourage the colonisation of the occupied territories of Ukraine,
and to ensure that those responsible are held criminally accountable
as individuals for this war crime;
16.16 calls on member and observer States and States whose parliaments
enjoy observer or partner for democracy status with the Assembly,
and their diplomatic services, as well as the entire international community
acting in good faith, to impose additional sanctions and ensure
continued compliance with existing sanctions against the Russian
Federation, Belarus, North Korea and other States involved in violations
of international law, as well as to include in the sanctions lists
individuals involved in the commission of international crimes in
Ukraine. The sanctions regimes must remain in place until the Russian
Federation fulfils its obligations to cease its internationally
wrongful acts and to remedy their consequences, including by executing
the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Ukraine v. Russia (re Crimea).
