"At the same time, the Assembly deplores credible reports that Kazakhstan has recently acquired and deployed commercial-scale internet censorship and surveillance infrastructure from China, severely restricting free expression and digital rights. These systems reportedly include deep packet inspection, real-time subscriber monitoring, website and application filtering, regional traffic control, internet throttling and blackouts, VPN detection, and the ability to target individuals based on online activity—capabilities which researchers have characterised as "terrifying" and far in excess of any legitimate, lawful interception framework."