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mardi 20 juin 2023 après-midi

2023 - Troisième partie de session Imprimer la séance

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Cérémonie : Représentation du Volny Chor (Bélarus)

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

14:26:15

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Please be seated.

 

Ladies and Gentlemen,

We are gathered in this hemicycle just before our afternoon debates to hear an artistic performance by the Volny Chor, a group of artists resisting the authoritarian regime in Belarus.

Our Parliamentary Assembly has always supported civil society, and in particular Belarusian civil society, in its struggle for greater freedoms.

We are, therefore, committed to intensifying this engagement with democratic political forces in Belarus as evidenced also by the presence of Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA, among us today as well as her civil society, a commitment that was reinforced at the highest level by the 4th Summit of Heads of State and Government in Reykjavík a few weeks ago.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

14:27:36

Dear colleagues,

Dear friends,

The Volny Chor, which we see here in front of us, emerged from the rallies organised by the musicians of the Belarusian State Philharmonic Orchestra in August 2020. They arranged flash mobs at the largest shopping malls, took part in outdoor concerts in different neighbourhoods of Minsk, and all of this at the costs sometimes of their freedom, which forced them into immigration and resistance from the outside.

In spite of all the difficulties that these musicians have been confronted with, they are here with us today, and we are grateful for that. I'm really looking forward to seeing their performance.

Can I end by saying that I really hope that as soon as possible you will also be able to perform in your own country, in Belarus, where you belong.

Before giving you the floor to sing, I first would like to give the floor to my colleague Mr Frank SCHWABE.

M. Frank SCHWABE

Allemagne, SOC

14:28:50

Thank you very much, Mister President, dear Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA, all of you.

I am absolutely delighted that the performance of the Volny Chor can take part here, happening here in the chamber of the European Parliament. But now it's our chamber this time. It's, for sure, the chamber of human rights, rule of law, and democracy in Europe.

May I say that I was able to meet some of you for the first time during the German unification events last year. I was very impressed by your work. I had the idea to come here to this chamber and to give you the opportunity to be here with us. I have to thank the German government, because they provided us with a little money that made this possible in the end.

I think the president already said everything about your work and your commitment to the values of this organisation.

This is what it is about, and this is what we try to do: to bring those who are committed to the values of this organisation close to this organisation, while the governments cannot be part for their countries in this organisation.

I think it's a symbol that you are here. Thank you so much for this.

May I invite some of you who may be able to go the reception of the Secretary General. There will be a concert in the evening. Some can attend or some may come later or earlier.

Thank you. Thank you so much for being here with us.

Mme Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA

Cheffe de l'opposition démocratique bélarusse

14:30:38

Dear President KOX,

Dear Mr Frank SCHWABE,

Ladies and gentlemen,

I am deeply honoured today to be among you awaiting the remarkable concert tonight by Volny Chor, which is the Free Choir. Volny Chor symbolises sacrifice and tireless efforts for a free Belarus.

In 2020, when Belarus had deepened in the atmosphere of terror and tyranny, Volny Chor invented a creative way of resistance: they started singing. They sang at metro stations, shopping malls, markets and public squares. Places you never expected to hear a choir. Wearing white and red masks, they surprised not only passers-by but also the regime's secret service. They were confused. They knew what to do with protesters but they did not know how to react to singing people. Even when the mass rallies were suppressed Volny Chor continued to sing.

After being forced into exile Volny Chor resumed inspiring Belarusians inside the country and abroad. Their performances are giving people hope and energy to continue the fight. Their performances convey our stories, our pain and our dream to the world. Volny Chor became our ambassador to the world as we can see here today in the Council of Europe.

Volny Chor means a lot to me personally because one of their songs was written by my husband, Sergei Tikhanovsky, who sent his poem from prison. He was sentenced to 19 years in jail and I have not seen him for three years already.

The regime can imprison people - but it cannot imprison people's will for freedom, their dreams and their creativity. Among thousands of political prisoners, there are hundreds of people of culture – musicians, painters, writers, and producers. The regime fights writers, artists and creators because it is afraid of them. The power of art demolishes dictatorship more than weapons.

Today, with Mr Aleksandr Lukashenko's help, Russia unleashed a war on our culture and our identity. The Belarusian language is being discriminated against and our artists are declared extremists. They want to make Belarus a small copy of Russia and we must not allow this to happen.

We must support Belarusian cultural initiatives. We must strengthen the Belarusian national identity. A robust national identity will be the best defence against Russian imperialism.

I want to thank Mr Frank SCHWABE for organising this important concert. I want to thank the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe for being a champion in helping democratic Belarus.

I am grateful to the Council of Europe for its decision to cut its ties with the criminal regime of Mr Aleksandr Lukashenko and begin collaborating with democratic forces. I believe that is just the beginning of our partnership and friendship. We share the same values. We share the same ideals and we share the same goals. We want to live in a free and democratic but also diverse Europe. I am proud that Belarusian culture is a part of this diversity.

So join me in applauding the Volny Chor and their performance later today. They are not only singing for themselves but primarily for those who are behind bars today. They are not only singing for their country but for our common European future. So let their voices sound loud and clear today. It is Belarus singing.

Long live Belarus.

 

Ouverture de la séance n° 16

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

14:45:02

The sitting is open.

We did begin our sitting today with a performance of the Volny Choir from Belarus. Sorry for the fact that we are now delayed a bit, but flash mobs do not appear on scheduled times. That is the secret of a flash mob. I want to thank the choir for its performance, and I hope, indeed, that while we are also going to the reception of the Secretary General we also will be able to attend their performance here in Strasbourg.

There has been a change to the proposed membership of committees. These are set out in Document Commissions (2023) 06 Addendum.

Are the proposed changes in the membership agreed to?

I don't see any objection.

We now come to the communication from the Committee of Ministers to the Assembly, presented by Mr Edgars RINKĒVIČS, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Latvia and Chair of the Committee of Ministers.

This will be followed by questions from our Assembly to Mr Edgars RINKĒVIČS.

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

Dear colleagues,

It is now my pleasure to welcome among us the Minister of Foreign Affairs, President of the Committee of Ministers and President-Elect of the Republic of Latvia Mr Edgars RINKĒVIČS.

Dear Minister,

Dear President-Elect,

We are very thankful for your taking the time to address our Assembly and to reply to the questions from our members. We already had the pleasure of having our first exchanges of views with you at the Standing Committee in Riga on 26 May, shortly after the 4th Summit of Heads of State and Government in Reykjavík had concluded.

On that occasion, you declared that the primary task of the Latvian Presidency will be to launch the implementation of the decisions taken at the 4th Summit, especially with regards to Ukraine and the necessities to ensure the accountability of the Russian Federation for this war of aggression, with a view to ensuring that all wrongful acts committed by Russia in and against Ukraine are properly investigated, prosecuted, and punished, and that justice is indeed done.

One of the first practical steps towards an international compensation mechanism is the register of damage caused by the Russian aggression. I'm so happy that Latvia is among its founding members.

Your country, Mister Minister, has repeatedly manifested its strong commitment to effectively addressing the complex challenges currently facing our continent, while pursuing an innovative and forward-looking agenda.

This can also be seen in the priorities chosen for your presidency, as they are strengthening democracy and the rule of law, promoting freedom of expression, safety of journalists and media professionals, and the digital agenda of the Council of Europe and advancing reforms of the Council of Europe, including through implementing the decisions of the 4th Summit.

Dear Minister,

Dear President-Elect,

You can rest assured that our Parliamentary Assembly will, from our side, do its utmost to contribute significantly to the success of your presidency in a true spirit of collaboration and synergy with the two statutory bodies of the Council of Europe, which can only strengthen us all and make us more effective.

Without any further delay, I would like to ask you to take the floor, Mister Minister.

Communication du Comité des Ministres

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

14:48:48

Dear President,

Dear Secretary General,

Distinguished members of the Parliamentary Assembly,

Thank you very much, Mister President. You already covered all the priorities so well. I can only subscribe to them, but let me say that it is an honour to address you today as a Chairman of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe.

I appreciate the opportunity to engage in a dialogue with the Parliamentary Assembly. A few weeks ago in Riga, I addressed the Standing Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and I am here today to share with you the main priorities of our work ahead.

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

14:49:25

The Council of Europe was founded to protect democracy, human rights and the rule of law in Europe. For almost seventy-five years, the Council of Europe has been setting standards in the field of human rights.

This organisation has contributed to the rule-based order.

Democracy and human rights remain the foundation of freedom and peace in Europe. They must never be taken for granted.

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

14:49:58

The ongoing aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine threatens the rules-based order and undermines democratic values. We condemn Russia’s aggression and stand in full solidarity with Ukraine.

The Summit of the Council of Europe in Reykjavík was an important milestone for this organisation at a critical time. I commend Iceland for an outstanding organisation of the Summit.

The main result of the Summit was strong European unity in responding to the Russian aggression against Ukraine. The European leaders committed to protect the standards and values of this organisation.

The work of the Latvian Presidency will be guided by the decisions taken at the Summit. We will advance their implementation in consultation with various stakeholders of the Council of Europe. We count on good co-operation with the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in this process, and we welcome your input today.

The Latvian Presidency is already working on the Summit decision implementation plan. We aim to have the plan confirmed by the next Committee of Ministers meeting on 28 June.

Distinguished members of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe,

Ukraine must receive all the support it needs.

The member States of the Council of Europe have reaffirmed an unwavering support to the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of Ukraine.

We call on the Russian Federation to comply with its international obligations and withdraw its forces not only from Ukraine, but also Georgia and Moldova.

Russia must bear full legal and financial responsibility for its aggression and violations of international law.

Attacks against civilian population and critical infrastructure are deplorable. The destruction of the Nova Kakhovka dam in the Kherson region of Ukraine is another example of Russia’s brutality. The President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Secretary General, and I have jointly condemned this horrific act.

I welcome the first practical step towards a future international compensation mechanism taken by this organisation. Latvia is proud to be among the founding members of the register of damage.

As a presidency, we invite all member States of the Council of Europe and beyond to join this initiative. During our presidency, we will advance its operational launch. The first meeting of participants of the register of damage at the end of June must address the practical steps going forward.

We should continue the implementation of already existing initiatives in support of Ukraine, the Action Plan on Resilience, Recovery, and Rebuilding of Ukraine being one of those. Latvia recently provided a financial contribution to this action plan.

Distinguished delegates,

We must spare no efforts to ensure comprehensive accountability for the crimes committed by Russia. I refer to state responsibility and individual liability for serious international crimes. I invite you to share views on how to advance it.

International efforts must continue to establish a special tribunal for the crime of aggression. In Latvia’s view, the creation of an ad hoc international tribunal under the auspices of the United Nations would provide the strongest international legitimacy. The Council of Europe should contribute to this process with its expertise.

The Reykjavík Summit has tasked us to act on the issue of forcible transfer of Ukrainian children. More needs to be done to investigate these unlawful practices by Russia and to ensure the children’s return home.

In September, we will organise an Informal Conference of European Justice Ministers to provide a platform for discussions on how to advance Russia’s accountability, as well as the issue of reuniting Ukrainian children with their families.

Another area of my concern is possible participation of Russian and Belarusian athletes in the Olympic Games. It is unacceptable as long as Russia’s brutal war in Ukraine continues. I encourage the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe to continue discussions on this matter.

Distinguished members of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe,

The Latvian Presidency will diligently work towards advancing the national priorities. Please let me highlight them.

First: strengthening democracy and the rule of law, including promotion of the execution of European Court of Human Rights judgments.

The Court’s judgments must be implemented, also by the Russian Federation. It is vital for ensuring effectiveness of the supervision system, which is one of the Council of Europe’s unique features.

As the presidency, we will advance a dialogue-based monitoring process over the execution of the judgments. We will aim at strengthening greater co-operation among States themselves and with experts from the Council of Europe.

Domestic capacities for the rapid execution of the Court’s judgments need to be further strengthened. To this aim, the Latvian presidency will explore the role of national courts in the execution of the Court’s rulings.

We will devote particular importance to the rule of law through a more effective functioning of the justice system. The resilience of the Ukrainian judicial system at a time of war and post-war reconstruction will be amongst the topics of the Justice Ministers’ Conference in September.

The presidency will address the crucial role of education and youth in promoting democracy and the rule of law at the Standing Conference of European Ministers of Education in September.

Second priority: promotion of freedom of expression, safety of journalists, and the digital agenda of the Council of Europe. Protection of fundamental freedoms has always been amongst the priorities of this organisation.

As the presidency, we are committed to promoting the freedom of speech, protection of journalists and media professionals, including during conflicts and wartime.

To this aim, we are organising an International Conference on Freedom of Expression and the Safety of Journalists. That conference will take place in Riga in October. Before the Conference, a new Council of Europe campaign on the safety of journalists will be launched. Latvia has just provided a financial contribution to the campaign.

The Latvian presidency is committed to contribute to the work of the Council of Europe in the area of artificial intelligence. Being it amongst our national priorities, we support the ongoing work on the new framework convention.

Third priority: the advancement of reforms of the Council of Europe.

The current geopolitical situation provides an opportunity for changes within the Council of Europe as an organisation. The outcome of the Summit has given us policy direction in this regard.

The Latvian presidency will focus on increasing the transparency, visibility, and efficiency of the work of the Committee of Ministers. The civil society and youth must be involved in the policy discussion processes.

I also wish to address the issue of Russian staff. The situation when individuals with Russian citizenship, single or double, continue to hold positions within the Council of Europe is deeply concerning. It is a significant lapse in judgment. Russian citizens should not be employed within this organisation from neither a political, nor a moral perspective. As the presidency, we intend to take a strong stance on this matter.

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

14:58:22

Before concluding, I would like to express my gratitude for all the work accomplished by the Parliamentary Assembly.

Your divergent points of view and your expertise are necessary for this organisation to be able to respond to current and future challenges.

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

14:58:39

I wish you fruitful debates at this session.

And now I am very much looking forward to exchanging views with you.

Thank you very much.

Questions au Comité des Ministres

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

14:58:48

Thank you very much, Mister Minister.

We will now proceed with the questions to Mr Minister.

We will first hear the questions of the speakers on behalf of the political groups. And hear the response of the Minister. Please, all speakers limit their interventions to 30 seconds, and I remind you that you should ask one single question and not make speeches. We are all aware of that.

First in the debate I call Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR from Iceland on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.

Sunna?

Mme Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR

Islande, SOC, Porte-parole du groupe

14:59:41

Mister Minister, as the new Chair of the Committee of Ministers, I ask you: how do you intend to implement the decisions of the Reykjavík Summit? And in particular I would stress the Kavala case, where we have an Article 46 judgment?

How do you intend to fulfil the promise made in the Reykjavík declaration to "re-double your efforts for the full, effective, and rapid execution of judgments when it comes to the case of Mr Osman Kavala"? Because if we allow one member State to ignore the judgments of the Court, we risk destroying the very foundation of this organisation.

Thank you.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:00:23

Thank you, Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR.

Mister Minister?

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

15:00:26

Well, thank you very much for the question.

As I outlined already in my speech, we are working currently with all the stakeholders of the Council of Europe, and we very much hope that by 28 June, when the next Committee of Ministers is going to take place, we will be able to work out the comprehensive plan of the implementation of the Summit decisions.

I also want to thank all my friends and colleagues who are working on this issue and I do believe that, as the plan is going to be endorsed, it will be a great opportunity to implement all the necessary measures as provided by the Summit Declaration.

When it comes to the Kavala case, let me just underline our long-standing position that all the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights must be completely implemented and executed. We are ready to continue work in this regard.

We are also going to continue the dialogue in a constructive manner with the Turkish government and Turkish authorities, also the high level discussions.

We will be doing everything possible in order to make sure that this basic principle that we have in this organisation – that rulings of the courts must be executed – will be honoured also in this case.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:02:02

Thank you, Mister Minister.

The next question comes from Ms Mariia MEZENTSEVA from Ukraine, and Mariia speaks on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party.

Mme Mariia MEZENTSEVA

Ukraine, PPE/DC, Porte-parole du groupe

15:02:10

Thank you, dear President. Thank you, dear Minister. Thank you for your leadership, and thank you for your great stand on the Russian staff.

My question on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party would touch upon one of your very clearly outlined priorities. This is the condemned genocide of the illegally deported children, Ukrainian children deported to the territory of the Russian Federation and Belarus.

Dear Minister,

How can we contribute as member States of the Council of Europe, as a separate state of Ukraine, to help you implement this extremely important item of your presidency?

Thank you very much.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:02:52

Thank you, Mariia.

Mister Minister?

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

15:02:55

Thank you very much for this question.

As I outlined in my address to the Parliamentary Assembly, we are committed to working on the implementation.

First of all, the implementation of the Summit decisions. I think that some of the things that have already been achieved, for instance, the creation of the register of damage.

We are fully committed to making sure that by 11 September in Riga, during the Ministers of Justice Conference, we'll already be able to see the practical launch and the practical work of this register.

Second, as you know, we have been working tirelessly both in our national capacity as well now as the presidency of the Committee of Ministers to make sure that – and I also outlined this in the speech – Council of Europe expertise can be used also to create an international tribunal to address issues of the forceful deportation of children, to make Russia accountable.

How should international capacities be supported?

First of all, I would say that I very much hope for the support of the whole Parliamentary Assembly – all the delegations, all the representatives of the member States – when it comes to passing relevant resolutions.

Also, I very much hope that the support of the member States in the Committee of Ministers will be very strong for all those measures that we are going to implement.

Finally, I very much hope also that - and that goes actually to the homework I was referring to when it comes to the rule of law issue in general - that we also strengthen our national judicial authorities.

Authorities that are investigating war crimes, crimes of genocide, helping Ukraine investigate that, but also in our national capacity strengthening disabilities, and strengthening international legal authorities in order to make also Russia accountable.

So, there is plenty of work both on the international and also the national levels.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:05:12

Thank you, Mister Minister.

The next question comes from Mr Iulian BULAI from Romania and Iulian speaks on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.

Iulian?

M. Iulian BULAI

Roumanie, ADLE, Porte-parole du groupe

15:05:21

Thank you, dear President.

Thank you for mentioning the importance of the international ad hoc tribunal for judging the crime of aggression in Ukraine.

What concrete steps could this institution tale in order for this ad hoc tribunal to happen?

How can the Latvian presidency help the political prisoners in Russia and Belarus?

And when will Latvia ratify the Istanbul convention?

Thank you.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:05:47

These are three questions!

So the translation probably was not completely correct when I said you have to mention one question.

But, Mister Minister, give it a try.

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

15:05:59

Well thank you.

Those are three very easy questions to answer.

Let me start with probably really the easiest one, and that's the ratification of the Istanbul Convention.

Actually, we have ongoing debate back home about the ratification of the Istanbul Convention.

This issue is now being discussed among the political parties, and the Prime Minister himself very much pushes for the vote in the parliament, hopefully, quite soon enough. This is not an issue where I could say political consensus back home has been reached. The discussion is going to take some time. I personally hope that we will reach some political agreement in the parliament among different parties that will be taking into account some of the concerns that some members of parliament and also some representatives of parties have. At the same time we very very strictly have said that the protection of the rights of women, strengthening the fight against the violence against women and girls has to be a national priority. The Istanbul Convention, of course, is one of the most powerful instruments in that regard.

I do hope that this discussion in the Latvian Parliament will end with some positive outcome.

The second question about the help to the Russian and Belarusian political prisoners. First of all, I think that what is very important, and we sometimes tend to forget this, it is very important to raise the issue of political prisoners both in Russia and in Belarus at all international fora. We have to use each and every opportunity. With the United Nations, with the OSCE, with the Council of Europe, with the implementation and execution of the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights.

Let's not forget that Russia still has the obligation to execute rulings that have been handed over by the court and that have not been actually executed. We discussed this issue also this morning at our meeting with the Secretary General. The presidency of the Committee is committed to continuing pushing for that path, to push for the execution of the rulings of the court.

Also political support, legal support, helping also those families, helping with some legal advice, are the areas of real practical assistance, even if it is sometimes very difficult, especially taking into account all those repressions that we are seeing happening in Belarus and Russia.

Still, those things are very important. I call on member States of the Council of Europe also to look into matters of how we can help also through national means in this regard.

The final question, which was the first question, but my answer is the final one, on the international tribunal to prosecute the crime of aggression. We do have a discussion about two ways, and we still have not reached an agreement about which is the best one.

As I said in my speech, I do believe that the creation of the international tribunal under the auspices of the United Nations is the most efficient way of prosecuting this crime. There are also some who are saying that internationalised tribunal is the best way. We do have some doubts, and here now I'm speaking in my national capacity as the Latvian foreign minister here. I would say that without that, this would address immunity of head of state or senior officials of the country in question, in this case Russia. We also understand that it would require some legal analysis as now it appears such a kind of international tribunal would be contrary to the provisions in the Ukrainian constitution. I think that the Council of Europe could help, and is already helping a great deal with its expertise.

I think that the expertise that the Council of Europe has acquired in the legal area would be very helpful, first of all, to sort out this dilemma – which tribunal is best – but second, also, to work out practicalities when the decision is taken.

Thank you.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:11:05

Thank you, Mister Minister.

Now we are going to listen to Ms Sally-Ann HART from the United Kingdom and Sally-Ann speaks on behalf of the European Conservatives Group.

Sally-Ann.

Mme Sally-Ann HART

Royaume-Uni, CE/AD, Porte-parole du groupe

15:11:16

On behalf of my political group, may I congratulate Mr Edgars RINKĒVIČS on becoming president-elect of Latvia.

I understand that the Committee of Ministers has indicated it would like to increase the Council of Europe budget by €60 million – a significant sum when most European countries are struggling with the cost of living arising from Covid-19 and Russia's illegal invasion of Ukraine.

Could the Minister please explain why this increase is needed and what will it be spent on?

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:11:46

Thank you, Ms Sally-Ann HART.

Mister Minister.

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

15:11:53

First of all, thank you very much for your congratulations. I very much hope to come back to address you in October in the new capacity and then I probably will be contradicting what I have said as the Minister.

But on a serious note, let me just say that Secretary General has proposed the increase of €60 million in the budget of the Council of Europe.

We do understand that this proposal is very much in line to address the strategic priorities as outlined in the Reykjavík Summit declaration that we just had in May.

However, let me also stress that, actually, the discussion is only beginning and that the full and detailed draft programme and budget will be presented in August.

So in that case, when it is presented, this will also be examined according to existing procedures, and also each and every delegation will have the opportunity to present its views.

Let me say that as the presidency, we will ensure thorough discussion and analysis of the proposal. We will do our best in order to organise the work of the Committee to find the best decision possible.

In the national capacity, as the Foreign Minister of Latvia, I just want to stress that we have always had a pragmatic approach, but we also have always outlined that we also advocate for reforms' effectiveness, and are also looking at how to use existing resources in order to achieve, also the results that are needed for the work of this organisation.

So I would not currently go into details about justifying the proposal because, as I said, we expect a sort of budget debate later in August after we are getting a more detailed programme and draft of the budget.

Then I will probably be able to answer this question at a later stage, when there are going to be questions about the decision of the Committee already.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:14:18

Thank you, Mister Minister, and the last question we have from the political groups comes from Ms Laura CASTEL from Spain and she speaks on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left. Laura.

Mme Laura CASTEL

Espagne, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe

15:14:29

Thank you, Chair.

Today is World Refugee Day. Last week, we witnessed the horror, the sacrilege, and the lack of humanity of the European Union member states and organisms, such as Frontex, leaving almost 800 people adrift drowning. These deaths are not accidents. They are murders.

The European Union will be a member of the Council of Europe, as well as its organisms. Will the Committee of Ministers enforce human rights in the European Union? And through which concrete steps?

And by the way, I think Mr Julian Assange should be released immediately.

Thank you.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:15:12

Thank you, Laura.

Mister Minister?

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

15:15:17

Well, thank you very much.

Let me say that we take the current crisis with refugees seriously.

I would say that I am very pleased that also the EU, as an organisation, hopefully is going to accede very soon to the European Convention of Human Rights.

I do also believe that this will ensure the compliance of the EU institutions, accomplished with the highest human rights standards.

So the Committee of Ministers will continue working to make sure that human rights and also the human rights of those refugees in question – that sometimes have serious issues –always protecting of those rights– will be part of the discussion of the Committee.

But of course we will be also working with the European Union as soon, as of course this organisation accedes, as the organisation, to the European Convention on Human Rights.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:16:36

Thank you very much, Mister Minister.

If you allow me, I will take three questions together and you could answer the three of them.

First question comes from Ms Nigar ARPADARAI from Azerbaijan.

Nigar?

Mme Nigar ARPADARAI

Azerbaïdjan, CE/AD

15:16:53

Dear Minister, thank you for your time.

There are promising opportunities in the normalisation of relations between two member States of the Council of Europe: Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Peace talks have been quite intense lately. This is done on the basis of the principles of international law, in particular respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.

But there are other activities that should be done in parallel, like confidence-building measures, and the Secretary General of the Council of Europe has already initiated projects in this direction.

So how do you, as the chair of the Committee of Ministers, see the role of the Council of Europe in this direction?

Thank you very much.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:17:35

Thank you, Ms Nigar ARPADARAI.

The next question comes from Ms Arusyak JULHAKYAN from Armenia. Arusyak, you have the floor.

Mme Arusyak JULHAKYAN

Arménie, PPE/DC

15:17:43

Thank you Chair.

Mister Minister, the Latvian presidency highlighted the need to strengthen the political role and impact of the Council of Europe.

Each statutory organ has the responsibility and specific role in dealing with breaches of obligations by member States, without any exceptions.

As we speak, and despite the negotiations which are ongoing, Azerbaijan is openly using military force against Armenia, in addition to regularly attacking and occupying parts of Armenia since 2021.

Azerbaijan recently stepped up its aggressive behaviour by keeping under fire the construction site of a metallurgical factory in Yeraskh, which also resulted in casualties.

What concrete and urgent measures will the Committee of Ministers under your chairmanship take to address this, and many other obvious violations by Azerbaijan of its statutory obligations before the Council of Europe?

Thank you.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:18:37

Thank you, Ms Arusyak JULHAKYAN.

And the third question comes from Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS from Lithuania. Emanuelis.

M. Emanuelis ZINGERIS

Lituanie, PPE/DC

15:18:56

Dear Minister, President-elect, it is a great pleasure to see you and thank you for your meeting in Riga, and before in Reykjavík. So Lithuania is preparing, after 11 years, to chair the Council of Europe and we will be, of course, leading to the establishment of the Court, if it will be impossible to do that during the next upcoming months.

So my question is about, of course, the ad hoc tribunal and the question is about those who are avoiding sanctions – European Union and American sanctions – and going with illicit trade with Russia. We have the report in two days and this will be voted on, the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy just finished the job, about the avoidance of sanctions. All countries that are avoiding sanctions are to be sanctioned too. So your point about avoiding the sanctions and making humiliation from European Union decisions.

Thank you so much for your leadership.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:19:55

Thank you very much, Emanuelis.

Mister Minister?

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

15:20:00

Well, thank you very much for those three questions.

Let me just answer those questions posed by distinguished members of the delegations of Azerbaijan and Armenia by highlighting a couple of points.

First of all, we do hope that both countries, Azerbaijan and Armenia, despite all the difficulties, will be able to agree on a peace agreement. I very much welcome also the intensification of that dialogue, that political process.

I do hope, also, that this will lead to a concrete and also positive result.

I think that, also, the Council of Europe has a role to play in this process by creating the necessary conditions. Both Armenia and Azerbaijan became members of the Council of Europe back in 2001. They both undertook the commitment to find a peaceful solution to the conflict. So, I do believe that both countries need to act in accordance with their commitments.

Also, I do believe that we should ensure that all parties respect the common values of this organisation and also act in accordance with the standards, as provided by relevant European conventions, and specifically the European Convention on Human Rights.

I also believe that there is going to be a good opportunity to discuss this issue at the urgent debate that is going to be held on Thursday. The presidency of the Committee will follow this debate closely. Let me also say that the presidency is committed to responding to the issues as they develop and as the international situation develops over time.

Let me also say that we do believe that a good presidency in this situation can act in the following way: first of all to maintain a meaningful dialogue that is on the issues of the Council of Europe.

We also believe that that requires all parties to be involved, but also to be part of the dialogue and part of the consultation process.

We also believe that we need to concentrate more on the political process for the future rather than trying to look into the issues of the past.

That's how we intend to address this very complex, very difficult situation. That's how we will try to steer the work of the Committee as much as the Committee itself is involved in the discussion about this situation.

The question of the distinguished member of the parliament Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS, here I can answer only in my national capacity, more as a member of the European Union, as the Latvian Foreign Minister.

First of all, let me say that we do believe that – and I stressed that in Riga when I was also addressing the Standing Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of Council of Europe  – we do believe that we must concentrate on how to close legal loopholes in existing sanction mechanisms as they have been put against both Russia and Belarus.

This is not an easy discussion; sometimes it gets stuck. Our aim, the Latvian aim, is first of all to close those existing loopholes in order to make existing sanctions more efficient.

Second, I do agree that we need to work and address the kind of circumvention of the sanctions with the third parties.

We do believe that the special envoy of the European Union on sanctions, Mr David O'Sullivan, is doing great diplomatic outreach with some countries where we do believe the sanction regime needs to be sanctioned.

Then I also believe, and also that's the belief of my government, that we somehow need also to introduce the secondary sanction mechanism in the European Union, because that is going to be more efficient than only diplomatic outreach to the third parties, to the third countries.

This issue is important.

We all know that sanctions could have been actually much more efficient. That is something that the EU in close co-ordination with G7 partners needs to address. That is something that we will continue to push with like-minded nations in the internal discussions of the European Union, especially in the Foreign Affairs Council in coming meetings that the Council of Europe has.

Thank you.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:25:29

Thank you, Mister Minister.

The next question comes from Mr Titus CORLĂŢEAN from Romania. Titus.

M. Titus CORLĂŢEAN

Roumanie, SOC

15:25:35

Mister President,

I must confess that I have a dilemma. I must finalise in just a few months from now my report on the EU's accession to the European Convention of Human Rights. There is still a missing link, not in this house, but at the level of the European Union.

My question is very simple and definitely in much more concrete terms: do you have the intention to use your important current functions as Chair of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe and your future high-ranking responsibilities on the other part of the house, on the level of the European Union, in trying to facilitate a last compromise that will allow the European Union to accede to our Convention?

M. Titus CORLĂŢEAN

Roumanie, SOC

15:26:20

You speak beautiful French and I encourage you, with all due respect, to use it here with our partners.

Thank you very much.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:26:29

 Thank you, Mr Titus CORLĂŢEAN [uttered in French].

The next question comes from Mr Ziya ALTUNYALDIZ from Türkiye. Ziya.

M. Ziya ALTUNYALDIZ

Türkiye, NI

15:26:37

Thank you, Mister Chair.

Dear Minister,

It is expressed that one of Latvia’s priorities in the course of its presidency of the Committee of Ministers is the advancing reforms of the Council of Europe, including through implementing the decisions of the 4th Summit. How do you intend to translate these decisions into specific and effective actions? Would you please elaborate a bit on this?

And also, how do you think that you could bring new drive to speeding up the reform process?

Thank you.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:27:20

The third question before you answer, Minister, comes from Mr André GATTOLIN from France.

André?

M. André GATTOLIN

France, ADLE

15:27:31

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

Mister Minister,

I, too, would like to congratulate you on behalf of the French parliamentarians on your election as President of Latvia.

A few days ago, the Committee of Ministers issued very favourable comments and opinions on the proposal and resolution we adopted in January last year, aimed at combating the phenomenon of enforced disappearances within the territory of the Council of Europe.

This is a subject that has been amplified by the current war. We are asking and have the support of the Council of Ministers in this matter to ask the member States of the Council of Europe to finish signing and ratifying this UN convention, since almost half of them have not yet done so, including the major states.

Mister Minister,

What action do you intend to take to ensure that we show solidarity in the field of enforced disappearances, and that this helps us to achieve greater co-operation between Council of Europe countries in the fight against this problem?

Thank you for your attention.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:28:37

Thank you, Mr André GATTOLIN.

Mr Minister?

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

15:28:42

Well, thank you very much.

Thank you Mr Titus CORLĂŢEAN for that question.

Let me say that there is an agreement within the EU that all the remaining outstanding issues will be resolved internally. This is great to state but, of course, as the President of the Committee of Ministers, I am as much-interested that the EU resolves it during our presidency and that accession of the EU is there.

But then as a member State, of course, I also have to find a suitable compromise.

So, I can assure you that I will try, first of all, to use my hat as the Foreign Minister of Latvia sitting in the respective councils to push for the resolution of the outstanding Basket 4 issue and to see how we can proceed.

I do hope that we will be able to find a compromise and the European Union will be able to accede to the Convention as soon as this is practically possible.

Well, thank you for the question about the priorities of the Summit and also the way we want to implement that.

Actually, I want to refer here to what I have said both in my speech to this Parliamentary Assembly as well as answering some of the previous questions.

We are currently working and finalising the plan for the discussion on 28 June for the Committee of Ministers. We have put a lot of effort in involving all the stakeholders. We do hope that as soon as 28 June there is a discussion and, hopefully, also endorsement or approval of this plan.

We will be able also to report to this Parliamentary Assembly as well as to member States about the ways real concrete actions [can be taken on] how to implement the reforms, and how to implement the decisions taken in Reykjavík by the heads of state and governments of the Council of Europe.

The second about reforms.

Well, I think that one thing that we can do, of course, and I also discussed this issue with the Secretary General and with the President of the Assembly in our numerous meetings today, also in May, when they visited Riga and also in Reykjavík.

Of course we want to see that the Council of Europe is able to respond to modern-world challenges.

There are things that we want to see the Council of Europe, the Secretariat, the bodies, to be more efficient.

That was also something that I was imploring when I was answering the question about the proposed increase of the Council of Europe's budget.

I said in my national capacity that we always prefer to examine existing financial means and ways in which the money is being used for achieving the best results in the work of the various bodies of the Council of Europe.

I think it is also clear that you cannot implement reforms when completely without money. So we are ready to discuss some issues that we believe are relevant.

One is the efficiency of the work of different bodies of this organisation.

We already spoke about some necessary actions needed, for instance, to address the issues that we believe are relevant when it comes to working with new challenges like artificial intelligence; and also the role of this Council of Europe; and, of course, looking at issues that are relevant to the interests of the member States of the Council of Europe, as well as to the members of this Parliamentary Assembly.

I have been advised actually to provide a formal response in writing about the ratification of the Convention - we will do that in writing.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:34:13

Thank you, Mister Minister, and thank you for your flexibility to stay a bit longer with us so that I can take three more questions from colleagues.

The first question comes from Mr Barna Pál ZSIGMOND from Hungary.

Barna Pál, you have the floor.

M. Barna Pál ZSIGMOND

Hongrie, CE/AD

15:34:27

Thank you, Mister Chair.

Dear Mister Minister, the Council of Europe has always had a leading role in the field of the protection of national minorities. The Reykjavík Declaration reiterates the importance of the protection of minorities, and lately the Venice Commission has formed a crucial opinion on the national legislation in Ukraine stating the need for Ukraine to comply with European standards in the field of national minority rights.

Your Excellency, what is your position concerning the protection of national minorities?

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:34:53

Thank you so much.

The next question comes from Mr Armen GEVORGYAN from Armenia.

Armen?

M. Armen GEVORGYAN

Arménie, CE/AD

15:35:05

Mister Minister,

US president Mr Joe Biden twice hosted the Summit for Democracy, where some member States were not invited because of backsliding from democratic credentials.

One of them is the Republic of Azerbaijan, which has not only undermined democratic standards and rule of law, but also is engaged in activities to ethnically cleanse the region of its indigenous Armenian people.

In this regard I would like to ask what is the red line for you in the case of Azerbaijan?

In what scenario will the Committee of Ministers show more determination to make Azerbaijan respect the norms of international law and prevent new war crimes?

Thank you.

 

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:35:46

Thank you, Armen.

And the last question, Mister Minister, comes from a person you are quite familiar with: the leader of the Latvian delegation Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA.

Zanda, you have the floor.

Mme Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA

Lettonie, PPE/DC

15:36:04

Thank you, Mister President.

Indeed, a very warm welcome, Minister President-Elect, and thank you for the comprehensive presentation.

You already explained in detail how you see the proceedings of the creation of the ad-hoc international tribunal.

Allow me to use this opportunity to raise another question that is important for this house that always defends democracy.

If you look at the challenges created by artificial intelligence, if you could share with us what the is progress you expect during the Latvian presidency on the new [Framework] Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law.

Thank you very much.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:36:46

Thank you, Zanda.

Mister Minister, the last minutes are now for you to answer the last questions.

M. Edgars RINKĒVIČS

Ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Lettonie et Président du Comité des Ministres

15:36:53

Thank you very much for the questions.

Well, let me just say that the position that we have always had is that protection of minority rights that are enshrined in all appropriate conventions is a must.

I also think that what we need to do is, of course, to look at issues case by case to analyse the situation in each case, because there can be historic backgrounds.

There can be some nuances that have been taken into account when one looks at protections of the rights of minorities. There are also instruments in the Council of Europe that are well positioned to analyse how each and every member State complies with conventions, with respective international law, when it comes to minority rights. I do believe, also, that the same mechanisms can also be used in each and every case when a member State is involved.

From that point of view, let me say that we are always open to facilitate that process and discussion, but we also do believe that it has to be made in the most objective and non-partial way.

On the question that was posed by the distinguished member from Armenia, let me say that we have a general principle as the presidency of the Committee that all norms of international law, also rulings of the European Court of Human Rights, must be implemented. That each and every member State needs to abide by those norms. We already, as I said also replying to the previous questions by our distinguished members from both Armenia and Azerbaijan, are inclined to ask all member States to implement all the conventions and also to honour all the commitments that countries have made when they acceded to this organisation, and will continue to put this principle above all.

I do not believe that outlining kind of coloured lines would be the best approach of the spirit of the work of this great organisation. We are very much determined to make sure that each and every member State fully complies with the basic statutes and conventions of international law and also European conventions.

The last question about artificial intelligence posed by the distinguished member of the Latvian delegation: I do hope that by the end of the presidency of Latvia in this Committee, we will be able to progress in talks about the [Framework] Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. in a way that they could already be the first substantial discussions.

Very much, of course, depends on the ability of experts and also our diplomats. This is a quite interesting, new, and challenging topic. We very much hope that we will be able to progress in a way that we'll be able to have some hand-over to the presidency of Lichtenstein, if not text-based, but then at least some relevant principles will be worked out already.

Thank you.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:41:39

Thank you, Minister.

And I now have to interrupt the list of speakers. Thank you very much for your answers to their questions and I thank our colleagues very much for their questions and as you have experienced Mister Minister, yes, we have a lot of questions to you but we are quite fair, I think and you managed to answer the questions in a fair way.

We are looking forward to seeing you in your new capacity as President of Latvia in October here back in the Assembly but may I thank you on behalf of the Assembly for your performance and your being here today. Thank you very much.

Dear colleagues, the next item on the agenda is the debate on the Report titled “Addressing the specific challenges faced by the Belarusians in exile” (Doc. 15783). It will be presented by Mr Paul GALLES on behalf of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons.

After his presentation, we will then have a statement from Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA, the leader of the Belarusian democratic opposition.

In order to finish by 5:10 p.m., I will have to interrupt the list of speakers at about 4:55 p.m. to allow time for the reply and vote on the draft resolution.

We will wait for a moment so that Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA can arrive. 

As I said, first, we will listen to the presentation of Mr Paul GALLES on behalf of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons. 

Mr GALLES, you have 7 minutes now, and 3 minutes at the end to reply to the debate.

 

Débat : Relever les défis spécifiques auxquels sont confrontés les Bélarussiens en exil

M. Paul GALLES

Luxembourg, PPE/DC, Rapporteur

15:44:28

Mister Chairman, ladies and gentlemen

Dear colleagues of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe,

Dear Mrs Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA and all the friends who have joined us from Belarus, committed to a free Belarus,

I was honoured to be appointed rapporteur for the report "Addressing the specific challenges faced by Belarusians in exile" and to have my report unanimously adopted by the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons on 11 May. I stand before you now to ask you to adopt my draft resolution, which I hope will have a tangible impact.

Over the past few months, I have come to realise the scale of the tragedy that Belarusians have been going through since the rigged elections of 9 August 2020, exacerbated since the outbreak of the war in Ukraine to which the Aleksandr Lukashenko regime is participating. It is my fervent hope that the report can and will at least bring relief to those who have found refuge in Council of Europe member States.

Allow me to return to the most salient points contained in the resolution that you are invited to adopt.

The report's initiative has been warmly welcomed by Belarusians in exile, starting with their leader, Mrs Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA, whom I would like to thank warmly for being here with us today in Strasbourg.

When we met in Vilnius, she stressed the importance of having a report from our Parliamentary Assembly because of the impact it could have on her compatriots. My thoughts have been nourished by my encounters during my mission to Poland and Lithuania, during our exchanges of views and also during bilateral meetings. I hope I will remain faithful to the expectations of my interlocutors, who have placed all their trust in me - and in this report, above all.

The closer the countries are to Belarus, as is the case with Lithuania and Poland, the easier it is of course to resolve problems, because the authorities know what it's like to be Mr Aleksandr Lukashenko's neighbour. That said, even there, the risks of confusing Belarusians who have fled the regime with the regime itself are high, with direct consequences on the lives of those who have only one desire: to return to a democratic Belarus.

At the same time, it is clear that both countries have shown remarkable solidarity with their neighbours who have fled the regime. I sincerely hope that the good practices that they put in place there will be emulated by the other member States of the Council of Europe. Of course, there's always room for improvement.

Being an exile doesn't mean you're completely cut off from what's going on in Belarus. Many people still have relatives back home, who are at serious risk of reprisals. This does not prevent exiles from supporting political prisoners, doctors, teachers and others who have been dismissed by the regime, thanks to the various solidarity platforms that have been set up.

My report examines the various challenges that the Belarusians in exile are facing, the first of which is obtaining a visa. Regularising their residency is also a sensitive issue, and the further away they are from Poland or Lithuania, the more complicated it becomes. My report also talks about access to education, employment and healthcare. All these everyday obstacles can have dramatic consequences, not to mention the risk of reprisals against family members who have remained in Belarus.

In the course of my work, I have witnessed the importance and renaissance of the Belarusian language and culture, which are vital elements of their sovereignty. So it's not surprising that I stress the need to support this. Civil society plays an essential role in this.

During my various meetings, my interlocutors insisted on the importance of terminology when speaking of Belarus, and that of correct transliteration. Indeed, this designation makes it possible to distinguish between "руський / рускі" ("Rouski"), which designates the people, languages, cultures and religion of the East Slavs at the time of the Rus', and "російський / расейскі" ("Rasiskiy"), which today designates the Russian people, language, culture and state.

I suggested several areas for improvement, including:

- The thorny issue of passports, with the possibility of issuing Belarusian nationals in exile a passport that would be recognised by Member States.

- The considerable role that "people's consulates" can play, particularly as channels of communication with national authorities.

- The establishment of parliamentary friendship groups and the creation of a network to enable them to exchange views on the best measures to take to support Belarusians in exile. Such a network would also facilitate dialogue with Belarusian democratic forces in exile, including the office of Madam Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA, the Unified Transitional Cabinet of Belarus and the Coordination Council.

In conclusion, the report calls on Council of Europe member States to put in place, in close consultation with democratic forces, measures that will make their exile less painful pending their return to a democratic Belarus.

Dear colleagues,

How can we enable Belarusians in exile to live legally, freely, studying, working, paying taxes, safeguarding and developing their language and culture?

Let's not forget that a democratic Belarus is one of the solutions to European stability.

We have a role to play.

Allow me to express my gratitude to the Polish and Lithuanian delegations for their help, as well as to the secretariat, and to place particular emphasis on the assistance of Mrs Tatiana TERMACIC, who helped me in an exceptional way with information, discernment and human sympathy.

And also to my Luxembourg delegation, Mr Gusty GRAAS, Mrs Octavie MODERT, Mr Josée LORSCHÉ, Mrs Cécile HEMMEN, Mr Max HENGEL, Mrs Inès LUNA and Mr Cédric SCARPELLINI, who provided me with contacts, helped me with logistics and also supported the Luxembourg parliament's commitment to provide financial support, to set up a parliamentary friendship group and to take on the sponsorship of political prisoners in Belarus.

Thank you once again for the confidence you have placed in me and for your support. I invite you, on this day which I would like to call "the Day of Democratic Belarus", to adopt the draft resolution I have presented to you, after of course a debate which, I am convinced, will be rich and constructive.

Thank you all very much.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

15:51:47

Thank you, Mr Paul GALLES [uttered in French].

Now we are going to listen, before starting the debate, to the leader of the Belarus opposition, Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA.

Dear Sviatlana, thank you very much for being here with us. Your country's authority in landing proactive help and support to Russia's war of aggression against our member State, Ukraine, has burned bridges with the rest of Europe and our Council of Europe, but we do develop ever-closer relations which you and the democratic opposition from Belarus, which is now an obligation formulated in the Reykjavík Declaration.

While condemning the actions of the regime in your country, we – the heads of state and government of our 46 member States – have obliged themselves to give ever more support and all the support needed to the democratic opposition of your country.

We work already very closely together with your very active representation in our committees. Thank you very much for that, and we will continue to do so and see how we can improve the position of your representatives over here.

Now we are going to listen to your address in our plenary meeting of this Assembly.

So without further delay, dear Mrs Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA, I give you the floor.

Mme Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA

Cheffe de l'opposition démocratique bélarusse

15:53:41

Dear Mr Tiny KOX,

Madam Secretary Ms Marija PEJČINOVIĆ-BURIĆ,

Rapporteur Mr Paul GALLES,

Excellencies, dear Ffriends,

It is an honour for me to address the Assembly.

Thank you, Mr Paul GALLES, for your tremendous work preparing the report and the draft resolution. This is a visionary resolution. Rapporteur Mr Paul GALLES captured the truth of our story and offered crucial recommendations. For the true statesmen among you, I urge you to vote for it here. Then take this framework to the sub-committees and then to the floors of your parliaments, not only because it will help Belarusians who are suffering and deserve your help, but because by doing so, you will be making Europe safer for your own countries.

The report recognises the basic facts that Belarusians have already proven their adherence to the European values of freedom and democracy.

First, in our peaceful protest in 2020, and then in our opposition to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. But it did not come cheap. At home, Belarusians are suffering from repressions and the ethnocide of our identity. Abroad, Belarusians are dealing with the hard reality of displacement, expired passports, denied bank accounts, children deprived of schooling. Nevertheless, they contribute to the societies that have kindly accepted them.

Meet Mrs Iryna Kozikava and her husband Yury, Belarusian lawyers living in exile in Warsaw. Iryna is the sister of Mr Maksim Znak. Maksim was my campaign attorney. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison. Yury represented other political prisoners. He was detained and their house was searched. They had to flee Belarus with a carry-on bag in one hand and a child in another. They were lucky to have a Polish visa. Now, Iryna works with the Belarusian PEN centre, a union of journalists, takes classes at Warsaw University to join the bar in Poland and makes traditional ceramics as her hobby. Yury works with the Association of Belarusian Business Abroad (ABBA), an organisation uniting Belarusian businesses. Their only desire is to go back home and see Iryna’s brother Maksim free.

Just like thousands of Belarusians abroad, they are grateful to the countries that have welcomed them. In particular, to the Polish and Lithuanian MPs in this hall, Belarusians applaud your help. I want to pass ačiū and dziękuję ["thank you" in Lithuanian and Polish respectively] from them. Just like thousands of Belarusians abroad, they are professionals paying taxes. They are not a burden. They are not a security risk. They are not taking jobs. They are creating them. Professionals like Iryna and Yury are the reason that, for example, two out of the top three IT companies in Lithuania are Belarusian.

Belarusians abroad know that the alternative could be a prison cell just like for thousands of Belarusians at home. At home, about 15 people are detained every day. I have not heard from my husband, Sergei, since March. We do not even know if Mr Viktar Babaryka is alive. At home, the regime wants to erase our identity. Speaking Belarusian, our own language, is enough of a reason for the police to search your phone on the street. The street names themselves are converted into Russian. History books are rewritten.

At home, the regime is selling away our sovereignty. Russian military prosecution offices are being opened across the country. So those problems at our home are a real risk to your security abroad. Just last week, Mr Vladimir Putin confirmed that nuclear weapons were transferred to Belarus. This deployment not only threatens the continent but primarily our sovereignty. This is an attempt to strengthen the dependence of Belarus on Russia. It needs the most robust possible reaction of the world. This is a non-conventional situation. It requires non-conventional solutions.

Thank you, Rapporteur Mr Paul GALLES, for bringing this report together and proposing practical steps to support Belarusians. Thank you for distinguishing between the people and the regime, for suggestions on improving access to humanitarian visas for Belarusians inside the country. For many, it is the only chance to avoid prison. For suggesting to help the soon-to-be-released political prisoners. For worrying about our thousands of hardworking Belarusians: our lawyers, entrepreneurs, and journalists. For helping us preserve our Belarusian culture abroad. For strengthening your own societies in the process.

Secretary Ms Marija PEJČINOVIĆ-BURIĆ, thank you for your leadership. I know it is difficult, but you and your colleagues, such as President Mr Tiny KOX, recognise the historic responsibility. You have achievements to be proud of. The Council of Europe has become a place for unprecedented solutions. In March 2022, you expelled the regime envoys. In September 2022, the Council of Europe created a Contact Group in Belarus to work with the democratic representatives. In November, Secretary Ms Marija PEJČINOVIĆ-BURIĆ and I launched the first meeting. It is a good dynamic. Now, this report will inform of the activities of the Contact Group as well. 

Ladies and gentlemen,

Dear excellencies,

We all dream about the same thing: living in freedom, peace, and democracy. Europe should not have a place for tyranny and oppression. Europe should not tolerate any attempt to undermine our values and ideals. The regimes of Mr Vladimir Putin and Mr Aleksandr Lukashenko are the biggest threat to our continent, and they must be confronted with decisiveness. So, do not allow even the thought of making a compromise with tyranny. Stand united in support of free Ukraine and free Belarus. Provide Ukraine with all the help it needs to win this war, but also help Belarusians to win our country back.

Even victory is not enough. We will be able to say that the war is finally over only when all perpetrators are brought to justice. Therefore, I ask you to employ all existing mechanisms to bring Mr Aleksandr Lukashenko’s regime to account through the International Criminal Court, universal jurisdiction, and an international tribunal. Dictators might want to have security guarantees for them. The only guarantee we should offer them is the guarantee of a fair trial. Restoring justice, and conducting democratic reforms will pave the way for Belarus to Europe, where it truly belongs.

So, support our call for Belarus' membership in the Council of Europe. We should not be waiting until the regime collapses. We can formalise our relationship already today. Work with the United Transitional Cabinet as true representatives of the Belarusian people. This way, step by step, we will return Belarus to Europe. This resolution is one of such first steps. It is “soft law”. Now it is up to your leadership. You can turn these recommendations into “hard” law. To match the hard reality of Belarusians at home and abroad. What is the point of having 17 Friends of Belarus groups across European parliaments; if not by taking this framework to the floors of your parliaments; if not by promoting their initiatives for your own security and the rights of Belarusians, like providing alternative passports for those unable to return home.

What is the point of having good parenthood over political prisoners? If not by helping their relatives get a visa. If not by creating a rehabilitation programme for the 300 to 400 political prisoners that are soon to be released?

Let us start today.

Please join us in supporting the resolution that strives to make lives easier for hundreds of thousands of Irynas and Yurys abroad. Help us make another step toward the vision of peace and democracy for the nine million Belarusians who have earned and defended their right place in the European family of nations, so that we all can feel at home in a peaceful and free Europe.

Thank you.

M. Tiny KOX

Pays-Bas, GUE, Président de l'Assemblée

16:04:40

Thank you very much, Madam TSIKHANOUSKAYA. Thank you very much, dear Sviatlana for your inputs to this debate, which is more than helpful, I think, for our colleagues.

In the debate now I first call Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA from Latvia, and Zanda is going to speak on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party.

Zanda, you have the floor.

Three minutes.

Mme Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA

Lettonie, PPE/DC, Porte-parole du groupe

16:05:07

Thank you, President. And dear President-Elect, dear Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA, thank you for your speech and your presence today in our Assembly.

And let me thank the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons, and especially Mr Paul GALLES for this report, the really good and important report we are debating today.

The illegitimate and undemocratic regime in Belarus continues to be a threat, both for its own society and for the region. It actively supports Russia's military aggression against Ukraine, and continuous drastic oppressions against Belarusian society.

In this discussion, I have to touch as well on a few very serious more general points regarding the situation in and around Belarus.

Hybrid attacks on EU borders from Belarus are still ongoing, and the number of attempted crossings has been growing in recent weeks. The deployment of Russian nuclear weapons in Belarus will have direct and long-term consequences on Belarus sovereignty as well as for regional security, for European security.

Therefore, political pressure on the Aleksandr Lukashenko regime, including sanctions, must be maintained as Belarus' involvement in Russia's aggression, the regime's oppressions against civil society, and hybrid attacks on the EU border continue.

Dear colleagues,

The fraudulent elections of 2020 triggered massive Belarusian public disapproval. Instead of engaging with the civil society regime, violently oppressing the peaceful protests in Belarus, widespread practices of illegal arbitrary arrests, detention, torture, and inhuman or degrading treatment are occurring on a regular and organised basis, particularly targeting those perceived as political opponents.

Latvia was one of the first countries to provide support to Belarusian people after the repression started: medical aid, psychological support, legal assistance, scholarship, immediate help to journalists and other media workers. Thousands of Belarusians had to flee the country. Many of them found refuge in neighbouring countries, including Latvia, Lithuania, and also Poland.

And unfortunately Latvians know, and other countries' citizens know what it means to be oppressed by the ruthless regime. So after 50 years of long occupation in our country, they never came back to their motherland and were dependent on the different host countries around the world. And sadly, but the longer the Aleksandr Lukashenko regime rules in the territory of Belarus, the less chances there are that a democratic Belarus returns.

Prosperous, democratic, and free Belarus is in the interest of all of us. That's why I am very much in favour of supporting Belarusian democratic society with everything we can.

So we've supported and will continue to support the work of Madam TSIKHANOUSKAYA and maintain contacts with the United Transition Cabinet of Belarus as the core structure of Belarusian democratic opposition exile.

And let me conclude by underlining that we, the Group of the European People's Party, support the report.

We see it as an important milestone in showing our support to the Belarusian people who suffer from the regime, and as a support to the Belarusian opposition outside Belarus.

Mme Ingjerd SCHOU

Norvège, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

16:08:51

Thank you, Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA.

And the next speaker is Mr Arminas LYDEKA from the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Lithuania. The floor is yours. 

M. Arminas LYDEKA

Lituanie, ADLE, Porte-parole du groupe

16:09:03

Dear President, dear colleagues, distinguished guests and especially the persecuted politicians of Belarus. We liberals send a real thank you for your self-sacrificing work in exile. I bow my heart before your efforts to make Belarus a country that respects the values of liberal democracy.

Colleagues, I want to draw your attention to the great work Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA is doing. With children and an imprisoned husband, she took on the burden of being the candidate of the people of Belarus for the president's position. After that, Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA was soon exiled from her country.

Lithuania accepted Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA immediately after she left Belarus and provided all the conditions needed for her work. Now, Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA does huge and very important work that is significant for liberal democracy across Europe. While living and working in Vilnius, Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA shapes the directions of democratic activities of Belarus. She is representing the democratic forces in the meetings with prime ministers and governments of different countries. She is participating in international, bilateral and multilateral meetings.

Dear colleagues,

We liberals mean that the Belarusian democratic forces and their leader, Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA, as well as other forces, who are ready to rise up against Mr Aleksandr Lukashenko's regime in Belarus, deserve the full support of the Council of Europe and its member States.

I want to point out that I personally, and other politicians, receive letters defaming some representatives of the Belarusian opposition in exile. On the one hand, I wish the opposition to remain united with no split, no divide and to avoid escalation towards each other. On the other hand, this raises zero suspicions as to whether the illegitimate head of the Belarusian regime, Mr Aleksandr Lukashenko, is behind it.

Lithuania, where Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA is staying, created all the conditions for Belarusian democratic forces. Lithuania created the humanitarian corridor for crossing the Lithuania border. As we can see in this report, discrimination against the Belarusians in Lithuania reaches only 16%. This is the lowest number in Europe.

To conclude, I have to say that we are proud that Lithuania is the leader in the education of democratic Belarus, not only in Europe but also in the whole world. In our capital, Vilnius, there is one liberal arts Belarusian higher education institution, the European Humanities University, and the only Belarusian gymnasium in the world. I would like to invite you to give proper international recognition and attention to this institution as well.

Thank you friends, colleagues, Belarusian friends.

Mme Ingjerd SCHOU

Norvège, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

16:12:43

Thank you, Mister LYDEKA.

And the next speaker is Lord Simon RUSSELL representing the European Conservatives from the United Kingdom.

Lord Simon RUSSELL

Royaume-Uni, CE/AD, Porte-parole du groupe

16:12:55

Thank you very much.

First of all, I'd like to congratulate the rapporteur on doing an excellent job. I would like to salute Ms TSIKHANOUSKAYA for all she's doing.

I wonder if Mr Sergei Tikhanovsky realises quite how lucky he is to have you as his wife. This is important to talk about, because Russia is culturally, politically, economically, and militarily strangling Belarus. And the diaspora of Belarusians who are in exile is essential for keeping the spirit of the real Belarus alive.

They are supporting the pro-democracy movement at home, they are ensuring that the Belarusians there are receiving accurate information, they are supporting and assisting each other who are subjects of repression, they are recording military and other crimes very importantly, the way the Ukrainians are doing it with the Russians, and they are reminding the world very importantly that Belarus and Belarusians are not the Aleksandr Lukashenko regime.

I saw first hand in Minsk in 2019, when I was part of monitoring the parliamentary elections, what democracy means in Belarus. I witnessed the 65-year-old president getting his 22-year-old mistress elected as a member of parliament. That is a strange interpretation of democracy. I'm happy to be an officer of the all-party Parliamentary group of Belarus in the UK, and like many colleagues in the UK Parliament, I have adopted a Belarusian political prisoner, with whom I correspond.

I wish to make four brief points.

Firstly, the Belarusian government has established a process to strip individuals of their citizenship. All countries need to be aware of this and to recognise the danger.

Secondly, countries that are hosting Belarusian exiles, should ensure that they have access to legal avenues for protection and all of the basic rights guaranteed under the 1954 UN Convention relating to the status of stateless persons.

Thirdly, we need to adjust and adapt our visa regulations in Europe. We must increase the number of long-term and multiple entry visas, we must fast track the development of the new Belarusian national passport, which we heard about in the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons this morning.

Fourthly and lastly, media freedom does not exist anymore in Belarus. External reporting has been a vital source of hope and truth. We call on those countries hosting the diaspora of exiles to increase funding, grants, and general support for exiled media organisations and for exiled civil activists.

жыве беларусь [Long live Belarus].

Mme Ingjerd SCHOU

Norvège, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

16:15:47

Thank you Lord Simon RUSSELL.

The next speaker is Mr Thomas PRINGLE from Ireland representing the Group of the Unified European Left. The floor is yours, sir.

M. Thomas PRINGLE

Irlande, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe

16:15:56

Go raibh maith agat, a chathaoirleach [Thank you, President, in Irish]

Belarus certainly is a repulsive regime as can be seen by the briefing material provided and by a quick internet search for today's topic.

In relation to the Council of Europe, it can be seen that Belarus applied for membership in 1993 but as yet has not been accepted. Indeed, this Assembly decided to suspend the Belarusian Parliament's special guest status in 2009 and it has not yet been lifted and will only be considered if the death penalty is lifted in Belarus. The Belarusian government's recent move to have citizenship revoked that was enacted in January this year is perhaps one of the most repugnant moves taken by a government that is totally against human rights. To create stateless people is in contradiction to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and should be opposed by any right-thinking person. The fact that it is not being carried out yet is immaterial, as it will have a chilling effect on people who wish to oppose the regime. And it is important that member States of the Council of Europe are ready to act in relation to stateless people to ensure that they do not remain so.

The resolution states that it is important that their host countries do their utmost to ensure that they can stay legally and are welcomed and in dignified conditions respectful of their fundamental rights. Surely that is the least of people to be entitled to whoever they come from –  Belarus or any state where citizens are fleeing persecution or being forced into migration.

We have been addressed today by Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA, who is representative of the Belarusian opposition.

While I do not have any problem with the opposition to the regime in Belarus per se, it does seem to me that the Belarusian situation is being used as a proxy to get at Russia because of the war and perhaps the elevated status that Belarus has is because of the side it is taking in the conflict; then perhaps I am being too cynical by far.

I look forward to the day when we will be addressed by the leader of Palestine about the need to provide for the needs of Palestinian refugees or by the leader of the Kurds in Syria on why they should be supported by this organisation, but the Belarusian opposition needs to use whatever opportunities arise to pursue their agenda and that is understandable to me.

They cannot be held responsible for the failings of the Council of Europe. And I would also like to take this opportunity to call for the release of Mr Julian Assange as well.

Thank you.

Mme Ingjerd SCHOU

Norvège, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

16:18:24

Thank you so much, Mister PRINGLE.

And the next speaker is Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ from Switzerland, representing the Socialist group.

M. Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ

Suisse, SOC, Porte-parole du groupe

16:18:36

Thank you, Madam President.

Ladies and Gentlemen, dear colleagues,

Distinguished guests from Belarus,

Allow me to begin my remarks with an edifying personal story: in November 2019, I took part in a mission to observe the parliamentary elections in Belarus and, like my colleagues, I was astonished by the quite extraordinary way in which the ballot boxes filled up without any visible demonstration by the voters.

Let me explain: voters were able to cast their ballots in advance, I believe four days before polling day. NGO monitoring showed very few voters going to the early voting area. But surprise: on the morning of Sunday, the official voting day, in the polling station where I was, 30 to 40% of voters had already cast their ballots, and there was no rush.

We went out into the countryside a hundred kilometres from Minsk to find the same empty polling stations. And yet, to attract voters, there was a great deal of ingenuity: cheap food sales, film screenings for children and folk dance groups - without much success.

But by the end of the day, the ballot boxes were full to the brim and, clearly, our pressing questions to explain this mystery - or rather miracle - were irritating our official contacts.

Unsurprisingly, President Aleksandr Lukashenko's party won with a Soviet-style score and, above all, with organised ballot-box stuffing.

So I was hardly surprised by the falsification of results in the 2020 presidential elections, with the pseudo-victory of the self-proclaimed dictator president.

The report by our friend Mr Paul GALLES is excellent, precise and detailed, and bears witness to his perfect understanding of the very particular situation experienced - or rather endured - today by Belarusians in exile.

I would say that Belarusians in exile today are suffering a triple punishment.

Firstly, they have had to leave their country, give up their former lives; secondly, they live in fear of what might happen to their loved ones and families back home; thirdly, being a citizen of a country that is a vassal of Moscow, a country that is objectively co-belligerent and an enemy of the democratic western world, is not necessarily easy. Belarusians in exile can be the object of misunderstanding and mistrust depending on the country.

I would like to pay tribute to the clear and welcoming positions of their direct neighbours, such as Poland and Lithuania. On the other hand, according to the testimonies expressed in committee, my country - Switzerland - could do better.

Once again, this precise and concrete report deals with a whole series of issues that might be considered details, but which are not, because it is essential to resolve certain questions when you have lost everything: your ties, your landmarks and most of your rights. These include the problem of visas and settlement permits, free movement within Europe, access to work, language learning and many other issues.

This report is an important reminder of the suffering and desire for democracy of the Belarusian people. It will help restore the honour of this people, who aspire to something other than a dictator-president vassal of Moscow.

May this text be the occasion for all our countries to become aware of the difficulties experienced by these exiled people and children, and may it lead to reinforced support for the Belarusian resistance to its only legitimate authorities in our eyes, namely the Unified Transitional Cabinet of Belarus.

Thank you, Mr Paul GALLES, but above all thank you to the Belarusian democratic forces, at home and in exile, for their just struggle. The Socialist Group unanimously supports this report.

Mme Ingjerd SCHOU

Norvège, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

16:22:24

Thank you so much, Mister FRIDEZ. Then we continue on the speakers list and the next speaker is Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR, from Iceland representing the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group. The floor is yours.

Mme Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR

Islande, SOC

16:22:38

Thank you, Madam President.

I would like to thank the rapporteur for his excellent report, and I would also like to express my deep admiration and respect for Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA and for the work that you are doing, and the important work of her cabinet for the people of Belarus.

As general rapporteur for the issue of political prisoners in Europe, I express my full solidarity with the 1 700 political prisoners of Belarus and I pledge to use my office to push for their release and to elevate their cause.

Imprisoning people for their views or for opposing the ruling elite is a lethal weapon against democracy. It spreads fear, terror, and silences voices that have every right to be heard. But first and foremost this is a weapon of a weak leader. This is a weapon that will eventually be doomed to fail.

And while I fully support this report and I am fully in support of the democratic forces of Belarus, I must therefore also declare my deep regret that my own government refuses to dismiss the honorary Consul of Iceland in Belarus, Mr Alexander Moshensky, who is known as a close collaborator to the dictator in Belarus.

I am ashamed that we still maintain these ties for business interests mostly.

I'm ashamed of reports that Iceland has used its diplomatic power within the European Union to keep him off sanctions lists.

I hope that we will soon become a state that shows full solidarity with the people of Belarus, regardless of whether or not that in some way or other impacts our economic interests.

Thank you.

Mme Ingjerd SCHOU

Norvège, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

16:24:38

Thank you, Ms Thórhildur Sunna ÆVARSDÓTTIR. And the next speaker is Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS from Lithuania representing the Group of the European People's Party.

I do not see Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS.

We continue then and the next speaker is Mr Jacques LE NAY from France for the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.

M. Jacques LE NAY

France, ADLE

16:25:07

Thank you, Madam President.

First of all, I would like to thank our colleague Mr. Paul GALLES for this report, which perfectly illustrates the difficult situation that hundreds of thousands of Belarussians are facing in exile today, as a result of the repression suffered by opponents of Alexander Lukashenko's regime following the elections of 9 August 2020.

Since the demonstrations that followed these elections, the regime has become even tougher. In May 2021, it did not hesitate to hijack an airliner from Athens to Vilnius to allow the arrest of a political opponent.

In September 2021, our Assembly adopted a resolution denouncing the migratory pressure orchestrated by Belarus on the borders of Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. At the time, the Minsk regime had not hesitated to bring migrants from Iraq and Syria to these three countries, triggering a serious border crisis; today, it is allowing the Russian president to use its territory to wage a war of aggression against Ukraine, agreeing to the transfer of nuclear warheads from Russia to Belarus.

On 24 November 2022, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the ongoing repression of democratic civil society opposition in Belarus. This resolution recalls the ongoing repression in the country, which also targets Belarusian citizens abroad, and calls for support for the democratic opposition, civil society and human rights defenders in Belarus and abroad.

The report we will be examining on Friday also underlines the importance of transnational repression by Belarus.

In order to assist people wishing to leave Belarus, it is necessary to issue humanitarian visas at consulates and embassies still operating in Belarus. Unfortunately, the number of such embassies is steadily declining. It is therefore necessary to be able to set up structures in states where Belarusians can enter without a visa, to welcome those who would like to travel to another state. These efforts must take into account the fact that most Belarusians do not wish to apply for political asylum, as they want to be able to return home quickly.

Faced with this situation, it is essential that the international community continues to strongly condemn and sanction the abuses of the Lukashenko regime. At the same time, a distinction must be made between this regime and a large part of the population that does not support it. The Council of Europe also has a role to play in supporting Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA. In this respect, I welcome yesterday's meeting of the Contact Group in Strasbourg.

In conclusion, the situation in Belarus, currently in Moscow's pay, shows us - if proof were needed - that we must continue to support Ukraine. Our values in this part of the world depend on it.

Thank you all very much.

Mme Ingjerd SCHOU

Norvège, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

16:28:37

Thank you, Mister LE NAY.

The next speaker is Mr John HOWELL from the United Kingdom, representing the European Conservatives.

The floor is yours.

M. John HOWELL

Royaume-Uni, CE/AD

16:28:47

Thank you very much.

Let me start by congratulating the rapporteur on a very good report on this area.

Let me congratulate too Ms Sviatlana TSIKHANOUSKAYA for what she has said.

I fully support those who are seeking a democratic return for Belarus.

I too am one of those UK parliamentarians who have adopted a Belarusian political prisoner; we communicate with them to hopefully make them feel better.

If you look at the challenges from the point of view of our own three pillars, as far as democracy is concerned we have heard that there is no liberal democracy in Belarus, and there has to be for things to move forward.

From the rule of law or the political challenges, I think it is important to bear in mind that the revocation of citizenships by the Belarusian government creates absolute havoc with those individuals who are trying to leave the country. And coupled with that is the reduced access that it provides to the law and to legal activities.

But perhaps more important than that is the reduced access or indeed the lack of access for medical help and, most importantly, for psychological help.

One of the other areas that we also need to work on is banking, to make sure that funds flow properly back to the individuals that are concerned.

When you look at the human rights challenges that we face there, they are enormous. There are fake arrests. The journalists that are there have been beaten, have been detained and have been prosecuted and there is no freedom of expression.

So what can we do?

What we can do is that we can help with the communication. We can make sure that Belarusian activists around the world stay united. We can help them with visas. We can help them with migration, and above all, you know, when we can listen to the music that they produce, and for me, there was one line that stood out in the songs that we heard and it said, "Belarus lives because it has not lost its spirit".  

Mme Ingjerd SCHOU

Norvège, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

16:31:42

Thank you so much, Mister HOWELL.

And the next speaker is from Finland and is Mr Kimmo KILJUNEN representing the Socialist Group.

M. Kimmo KILJUNEN