lundi 15 avril 2024 après-midi
2024 - Deuxième partie de session Imprimer la séanceVidéo(s) de la séance 1 / 1
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
15:30:45
Good afternoon, dear colleagues.
The sitting is open.
We now come to the joint debate on two reports from the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy. The first is titled “Relationship between the parliamentary majority and the opposition in a democracy” (Document 15946), presented by Ms Elvira KOVÁCS, and the second is titled “Promoting the revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums” (Document 15940), which will also be presented by Ms KOVÁCS on behalf of Ms Isabel MEIRELLES.
We will finish this item by 4:30 p.m.
I call Ms KOVÁCS, rapporteur, to present the two reports. You have up to 14 minutes now and up to 6 minutes at the end...
[The speaker is interrupted because he cannot be heard.]
We can't hear you.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
15:31:51
You are not listening to me? I am sorry.
OK, let's try. It wasn't my fault.
Can you hear me now?
OK, thank you very much.
So, Madame Elvira KOVÁCS, the floor is yours.
Thank you distinguished Chair, dear colleagues,
Additionally to being rapporteur of the draft report on the "Relationship between the parliamentary majority and the opposition in a democracy", this afternoon, I also have the honour to step into the shoes of my colleague, madam rapporteur, Ms Isabel Meirelles, who has been responsible for the preparation of the report on "Promoting the revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums". I will cover, as it was said by the Chair, but I am not sure that everybody could hear him, so I will try to cover both reports in my intervention, starting with my report on the relationship between the parliamentary majority and opposition.
Political theorists suggested that the progress of any democratic project could be measured by a single criteria. Did the regime and its people accept their legitimacy of political opposition? The right to oppose government is a fundamental feature of liberal democracy. Therefore, the opposition would have to guarantee that its voice is heard.
In addition to the fact that promotion and consolidation of pluralist democracy is one of the main objectives of the Council of Europe and its Parliamentary Assembly – our Parliamentary Assembly – this report is important for two main reasons because of the obvious absence of any explicit reference to the rights and responsibilities of the opposition in the major official texts of the Council of Europe, firstly. And secondly, that the Venice Commission has not previously given any general opinion on the role of the opposition.
When we are talking about principles of constitutional democracy, we are talking about the fact that without clear alternatives offered by opposition parties, a country cannot have constructive debates on policy or options, the direction of the country and the future of it.
This report is pointing out the following principles as fundamental. Firstly, mutual tolerance, culture of compromise. Secondly, institutional restraint, a principle that is exhaustive in the attitude of the political majority should not use the powers they receive with their position to the maximum. And thirdly, without robust norms of political culture, constitutional checks and balances do not serve as the bulwarks of democracy we imagined they should be.
It is for sure that the dialogue of the majority versus the opposition consolidated the political struggle on which the efficiency of the government is based in establishing frameworks as constitutional and as democratic as possible in the exercise of power. The numerical inferiority of the opposition cannot reduce it to silence or ignorance towards the majority for the simple reason that it can't approach the political struggle in a competitive style, based on four main rules.
First, the opposition is an institutional factor and an essential element of parliamentary democracy. Second, the opposition has the formal role of contesting the government programme in an official and organised manner. Third, the opposition constitutes a political alternative for the parliamentary majority. Fourth, as an institutional factor and essential element of democracy, parliamentary opposition is a political alternative for limiting and controlling government power. This is what this report is about. It compares different solutions and degrees of institutionalisation of the opposition in the parliaments of the Council of Europe member states, ranging from informal recognition in the parliamentary rules of procedure when granting rights to a parliamentary minority to formal recognition of the opposition in the Constitution of the State.
The Venice Commission concludes that it is important to explore the ways and means by which the role of the parliamentary opposition can be formally better regulated and protected and that it is a worthy attempt to introduce soft regulations in an area which is essential for the proper functioning of parliamentary democracy.
The Venice Commission Checklist on Parameters, adopted back in June 2019, is the result of long and careful work. The report encourages the member states to secure that their democracy mechanisms meet integrity and political trust as an important indicator of political legitimacy, fully aware that only together parliamentary majority and opposition create inclusive, prosperous and sustainable societies.
To summarise, there is no common model defining the respective roles of the parliamentary opposition and majority but it is a time for rethinking the basic notions of both parliamentary majority and opposition, as well as to reconsider the role of parliament.
The circle of general principles as listed in the Checklist is far from being exhaustive, and those principles can be specified differently depending on the political regime, the constitutional culture and historical traditions. Therefore, we invite the parliaments of the member states of the Council of Europe to promote the Venice Commission's Checklist on Parameters and to take them into account when revising the relevant national rules or developing best practices, as well as encourage the parliaments of the member states of the Council of Europe to enter into dialogue about how to improve the existing national roles on the relationship between the parliamentary majority and the opposition in a democracy.
Turning now to the second report of our present joint debate, let me highlight the importance of the institution of referendums. The principles of the rule of law, which is one of the three pillars of the Council of Europe along with democracy and human rights, of course, applies to referendums just as it does to every other area of law.
Concerning the stability of the law, the organisation of referendums should preferably be provided for by national constitutions and law enacted well in advance. The procedural guarantees include organisation and supervision of the referendum by an impartial body, an effective system of appeal and funding.
General national rules on both public and private funding of political parties and action campaigns must also be applicable to referendum campaigns, including the rules of transparency and limitation of spending and individual donations. The revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums responds to concerns about fairness and outcomes of national referendums. It builds upon a former Resolution of the Assembly, 2251, back from 2019, where the Assembly highlighted the increasing use of referendums, the impact of digital media and changes in political campaigning.
The Venice Commission, tasked with revising guidelines, emphasised the need for referendums to respect the rule of law and warned against using them to bypass constitutional safeguards.
The resulting revised Code, adopted in June 2022, addresses these concerns and incorporates developments observed in recent referendums held by Council of Europe member states. The report acknowledges the diverse nature of constitutional systems and traditions, and highlights that the revised Code does not determine whether and under which circumstances recourse to referendums is desirable, but outlines necessary guarantees to align with international standards in human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
It applies to referendums at different levels of the state structures with the primary focus on national referendums, of course, adopted to the reality of local and regional referendums in conformity with national constitutional traditions. The draft resolution includes welcoming and endorsing the revised Code and recommending it to members and observer states, as well as those with partner for democracy status. It also urges parliaments to promote the guidelines, consider them in revising national rules and engage in dialogue to improve the existing national rules of referendums.
The draft resolution also suggests that the Assembly should commit to playing a more active role in promoting the Code, for instance for encouraging the discussions within political groups to enhance the legal framework for referendums. It is also proposed to hold the debates on developing the best practices, step up interparliamentary co-operation activities and collaborate with the Venice Commission to review the revised Code of Referendums and address any emerging issues.
Additionally, it suggests the creation of the Parliamentary Assembly network of election observers, notably to promote the revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums and other Council of Europe standards in electoral matters in line with the proposal to reinforce electoral activities endorsed by the Assembly in January this year.
So, dear colleagues, once again it is my great pleasure to present both of the reports, but I worked mostly on the first one and unfortunately, our colleagues is not a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe anymore, that is the reason why I stepped up. I enjoyed a lot working with this great secretariat, and I hope that we can, together, work on it to make our national parliaments better overall. I mean the relationship between the majority and the opposition with the main aim to have working parliaments.
Thank you for your attention and I am looking forward to the debate.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
15:44:16
Thank you very much, Madam KOVÁCS.
It's now time for the debate.
The first speakers are the ones on behalf of the political groups.
And first on the list is Mr Reinhold LOPATKA from Austria.
The floor is yours.
Thank you very much.
We, from our political group, support the report of our colleague Ms Elvira KOVÁCS and in the same way the report of our colleague Ms Isabel MEIRELLES.
The member states of the Council of Europe shall endeavour to develop common standards and practices aimed at promoting a free and pluralistic parliamentary democracy, and the means for the implementation in our national parliaments.
At the same time we have to develop the Code of Good Practice also on referendums. The best way of ensuring that the opposition can make use of its responsibilities is to extend and precisely define its rights.
We should identify certain general principles, which carve out the relationships between the parliamentary majority and its opposition and reflect the common European constitutional heritage.
More than any other forum, a parliament is the place where democracy manifests itself.
In our societies there is hardly any debate that radically challenges the principles of our representative democracies.
On the one hand, we have these representative democracies. On the other hand, we will discuss that later, we have these referenda.
My political group is convinced that the democratic parliamentary system presumes respect for the rights and interests of the minorities, but nothing is granted in at democracy and, therefore, we have to work on it permanently.
To give you one example, in Austria also small opposition parties with five deputies have important rights.
They have the right to an urgent request, they have the right to carry out, for example, secret ballots and elections in voting booths, they have to write to request a debate on statements made by the members of governments, and so on.
I mentioned this because this is an example that a strong position of even small opposition parties is important.
Also, the second topic we discussed: promoting to write a Code of Good Practice on Referendums is very important for a well-functioning democracy.
We also support this amendment to create a parliamentary assembly network of election observers. Also, this is an important part of our work which can be improved by such a network.
Thank you very much to the rapporteurs for their work.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
15:47:53
Thank you very much.
Now the floor goes to Ms Nicole HÖCHST.
The floor is yours.
Allemagne, CE/AD, Porte-parole du groupe
15:48:01
Thank you very much, Mr President.
Ladies and gentlemen,
I would like to thank our rapporteurs for their work.
Today, I must once again cite examples of why it is so important to discuss this issue and find solutions.
– No money for party-affiliated foundations.
– No vice president in the Bundestag.
– No chairman of the committee.
– 182 million euros of taxpayers' money for the so-called fight against disinformation, which in reality is a fight against the only party that contradicts the other parties on these points.
Government representatives and majority parties have been calling for demonstrations against this opposition, claiming to be the silent majority, but according to studies, the majority of participants are left-wing and green.
In spite of the Beutelsbach Consensus's ban on indoctrination, pupils in schools are being indoctrinated on the basis of government values. Pupils are pressured by grades and peer pressure to adopt a desired opinion and are often prevented from participating in the aforementioned demonstrations.
The Minister of the Interior wants to influence children as early as kindergarten in order to shape them in the government's interests. Where is this happening? It takes place in Germany. And when a country is ruled by a political media cartel that makes it very easy to frame and prejudge unwelcome opinions and parties, as we saw during the coronavirus pandemic and still see today in the way the Alternative for Germany (AfD) is being dealt with. This raises questions, because all the measures I mentioned earlier, are based on prejudices, just like the observation of our opposition party by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, which is bound by the instructions of the Ministry of the Interior.
Ladies and gentlemen, a democracy in such waters delegitimizes itself. It deviates from the basic principles of democracy and focuses more on its own framings than on reality. And that is why popular votes and referendums are absolutely necessary so that reality, government and voters, the citizens of a country, are better interlinked again, so that mistrust in government or politics does not grow even further.
How will the Human Rights Council deal with the fact that in Germany today it is once again being said that AfD members cannot be members of trade unions, AfD members cannot work in the fire department, AfD members cannot hold honorary positions in the church, AfD members cannot be pastors in the Protestant Church, and so on?
Ladies and gentlemen, we in Germany need your help. Thank you very much.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
15:51:12
Thank you very much.
Now the floor goes to Ms Denisa Elena NEAGU.
The floor is yours.
Roumanie, ADLE, Porte-parole du groupe
15:51:23
First of all, I want to thank the rapporteurs for their work.
Ladies and gentlemen, today we are reminded of the sense of democracy, the symbiotic relationship between the parliamentary majority and the opposition.
This dynamic ensures accountability of checks and balances and the representation of diverse voices within our societies.
While the majority is tasked with governance, all the other actors as opposition parties, opposition leaders, civil society organisations, media, and of course the citizens play a vital role in offering scrutiny, alternative perspectives, and constructive critique.
The role of the opposition in ensuring checks and balances is vital in a democratic state and, in making this point, I resonate with the words of the rapporteur. Every country has a government; only democracies have an opposition.
It is a very hard task to separate the opposition's rights from its responsibilities. While such rights must be protected in a democratic state, we should keep in mind that with rights come duties and responsibilities, which should be discharged in a way that ensures the common good.
This delegated dance between the majority and the opposition is the bedrock of democracy, a balance of debate, compromise, and respect for different viewpoints.
It is our duty, as elected representatives, to foster an environment of mutual respect and co-operation even in the midst of disagreement.
Our ultimate goal is not a triumph of one party over another, but the advancement of the common good through transparency, accountability, and the respect for the rule of law.
Furthermore I urge each of you to embrace the principal outline in the revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums.
This comprehensive framework ensures that referendums are conducted with integrity, transparency, and fairness, safeguarding the democratic process and upholding the rights of every citizen.
By integrating these principles into our nation or rules and best practices, we strengthen our democratic institutions and reaffirm our commitment to ensuring that every voice is heard and every vote counts.
Let us work together to build a future where the democracy flourishes and where the principles of good governance guide our actions.
Thank you.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
15:54:18
Thank you very much.
Now the floor goes to Mr Emmanuel FERNANDES.
The floor is yours.
France, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe
15:54:26
Thank you, Mister Chairman.
The question of the quality of relations between the parliamentary majority and the opposition, as well as that of good referendum practices, are both decisive for the degree of democratic vitality and respect for the principles of the rule of law that the Council of Europe defends and promotes.
The reports we are examining today are, therefore, essential to enlighten our mission as members of this Assembly. My group, the Group of the Unified European Left, thanks the rapporteurs, Ms Elvira KOVÁCS and Ms Isabel MEIRELLES, for the relevance of their work.
In the majority of our institution's member states, there is a trend towards voter disaffection, particularly when it comes to renewing parliaments. A growing proportion of citizens no longer trust their elected representatives, their governments or their political parties.
This weakening of democracy is reflected in a decline in the credibility of election results, a particularly high abstention rate among young people, and the rise of extreme right-wing parties whose ideology flouts certain key principles of democracy, such as the inclusion of minorities in the decision-making process.
In order to find ways of reversing this trend towards democratic decay, it is essential to examine the relationship between majority and opposition in our national parliaments. Parliaments represent the whole of society in all its diversity of opinion, and their role is to relay and channel this plurality so that the population as a whole is integrated into the democratic deliberation process.
To enlighten our member states, all of which, to varying degrees, can make progress in this area, the Venice Commission has produced a list of criteria to which my group subscribes, concerning the parameters of relations between the parliamentary majority and the opposition in a democracy based on the constitutional principles of freedom, pluralism, respect for institutions, and solidarity with society.
As a French opposition MP, I can only endorse this sound advice. Indeed, in its interim opinion of 13 June 2023 on Article 49.3 of the French Constitution, the Venice Commission indicated that it had repeatedly warned against a "winner takes all" mentality. The report we are examining goes in the same direction, pointing out that modern democracy cannot be summed up simply as majority rule. In France, for example, on several occasions, the majority has prevented one of the minority groups from putting to the vote a text calling for the repeal of the postponement of the retirement age to 64, if only to put to the vote and be able to examine this return to 62, or even 60. This reform is massively rejected by the French population, but in both houses of Parliament, the majority denies the opposition the right to even open a debate on challenging this reform, despite the fact that it is very much in the minority in public opinion.
I will conclude by saying that guaranteeing the rights of the opposition is therefore essential. This is also an opportunity for my group, the Group of the Unified European Left, to reiterate in this hemicycle the urgent need for the Turkish authorities to release former MP Selahattin Demirtaş, imprisoned in 2016 when he was leader of the opposition, an immediate release demanded by the European Court of Human Rights since 2020. This binding decision must be implemented without delay by the Turkish authorities.
Thank you very much.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
15:58:23
Thank you very much.
A little earlier for this talk, please.
And now it's time to Lord Leslie GRIFFITHS. The floor is yours.
Royaume-Uni, SOC, Porte-parole du groupe
15:58:34
President and fellow members of this Assembly, a joy to be speaking on this debate as an expert in playing the role of an opposition since for 14 years as a member of the Labour Party in the British Parliament, we have been in opposition.
I claimed, therefore, my own expertise in the matter, and I can show you the wounds and the scars, if necessary.
I want to thank those who have compiled the two reports, and particularly alongside the firm principles enunciated in them allowing for the flexibility that's inevitable as each country tries to put the high-minded principles into practice.
Certainly in the United Kingdom, where we have a non-codified constitution, some of the items on the checklist for example need to be looked at in a creative way, but nevertheless have all their importance.
People might wonder at the fact that I, on the Labour benches in the British Parliament, have been courting, evangelising Conservatives in recent times.
Why? Because soon there will be a Labour government in the United Kingdom, and we will need, as much as anything, an organised, responsible opposition party. The Conservatives at the moment are in no mood to provide one. They are so fragmented. It's important for our democracy that they get their act together in the way, I might say, that the Labour Party has itself got its act together in recent times after its own fragmentation.
That's the first thing that I want to say.
Secondly, in the report there is mentioned a tendency towards presidentialism, and even in the best organised constitutional arrangement, and I believe that we don't do badly in the United Kingdom, the tendency for those with the bigger idea of themselves than is warranted or with a lust for power as Friedrich Nietzsche called it, impose themselves on the parliamentary process in a way that is not at all calculated to please everybody.
We've had the last prime minister, but one, I don't name names, has exceeded his powers in nominations that he's made to the House of Lords against the wisdom of The House of Lords in its own decisions about how best to reform itself.
And in other ways, too: cronies, people who support the political parties. If the opposition becomes those who have been brought in in this way, then it'll be at the expense of a properly organised democracy.
Finally, as we stand here, in London the House of Commons is in the process of countering the amendments to the wretched Rwanda Bill that we've been straining out for such a long time. They will reject the amendments from the House of Lords. It will come back to the House of Lords. The opposition has decided not to wreck the bill though we detest it. We will fight it all the way, bring as much common sense to bear as possible, but at the end, at the end we are...
[interruption "Please"]
...you caught me with three words to go. Then we will repeal the Rwanda legislation as one of our first acts as a responsible opposition.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:02:29
Thank you, Lord Leslie GRIFFITHS.
Now the floor goes to Ms Lise CHRISTOFFERSEN.
The floor is yours.
Mister President, dear colleagues, I fully agree with the rapporteur. The consolidation of pluralist democracy is one of the main objectives of the Council of Europe.
One main pillar in this consolidation is to establish a good relationship between the parliamentary majority and the opposition. A keyword is mutual respect, confidence in each other across party lines, based on a shared responsibility to make us worthy of the necessary trust of our electorates. I think we all know too well what might be the consequences in a society where there is no trust between the rulers and the ruled.
The checklist from the Venice Commission should be thoroughly examined in all our member states. But as the rapporteur underlines, there is no one-size-fits-all model. Informal co-operation between position and opposition should not be underestimated. Allow me to give an example from the Norwegian Parliament.
As MPs, our main obligation is being present during parliamentary sittings. At the same time, it is important to be present in our constituencies, in our party organisation, attending meetings with civil society, businesses, media, and so on. None of us can be present in more than one place at a time.
Therefore, to help each other out, we have an informal agreement between all political parties that 60% of the MPs shall be present during voting in parliament – no more and no less. My party group consists of 48 MPs; 29 shall be present. If, for instance, 32 appear, as whip I must ask three of them to leave the hemicycle before voting starts. We can also help each other across party lines, filling in seats for each other as long as the voting result is consistent with the political composition of the parliament. This is based on mutual trust.
This long lasting agreement makes it much easier to fulfil all the tasks that come with being a member of parliament. It is based on a long tradition of building trust between political parties.
As the Norwegian King said in his annual speech in Parliament some time ago, "Norwegian society is formed by open debate between position and opposition. Many major issues have been resolved in co-operation across the political blocs. An important part of democracy is in fact the role of the opposition." As already mentioned, "All countries have a government, but only democracies have an opposition."
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:05:41
Thank you, Madam CHRISTOFFERSEN.
Mister Christian KLINGER, the floor is yours.
Mr Chairman,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I would like to thank our colleagues Elvira KOVÁCS and Isabel MEIRELLES for their draft resolutions on the rights of the parliamentary opposition and the Code of Good Practice on Referendums updated by the Venice Commission.
Each member state of the Council of Europe has its own political traditions, particularly when it comes to the use of referendums, which I'd like to mention in particular.
These cannot be ignored, of course, lest we commit misunderstandings, as has been the case with the mechanisms of rationalised parliamentarism in France, which are the fruit of a troubled political history. When I say this, I'm thinking in particular of the use of article 49.3 of the French Constitution, which enables the government to push through a text with the amendments it retains, engaging its responsibility before the National Assembly, which then has the option of voting on any motion of censure tabled by the opposition(s).
As far as referendums are concerned, we can only note the difference in approach in Europe, between the very frequent popular votes organised in Switzerland and the very exceptional nature of referendums in the United Kingdom. In France, referendums clearly had a plebiscitary character at the start of the Fifth Republic. Today, it has largely lost its plebiscitary character, but has recently become the subject of intense political debate once again.
It's not the constitutional revision process that's giving rise to debate: the Constitution stipulates that once the two chambers of Parliament have adopted a constitutional revision bill in the same terms, it can be adopted either by referendum or by Congress, by a qualified majority of three-fifths.
What is being debated today is the ability to use referendums to amend legislation within the current constitutional limits, but also the ability of civil society and opposition parties to use referendums to push through political reforms.
In France, we have introduced the possibility of a shared-initiative referendum, which enables one-fifth of the members of parliament to call a referendum if they obtain the support of one-tenth of the electorate. Successfully mobilising one tenth of registered voters is, in itself, a real challenge.
But even then, the proposed reforms must comply with current constitutional standards. However, the Constitutional Courts sometimes take a very dynamic and restrictive view, which is not conducive to genuine parliamentary freedom. This subject of the role of constitutional courts and their creative, praetorian interpretation of constitutional norms would, in my view, merit specific work on our part. When a Constitutional Court comes to block any political initiative on subjects that are nonetheless expected by the population, when it comes to going against the spirit of the constituent, this seems to me to be dangerous for democracy.
Subject to this reservation, I shall vote in favor of the proposed resolutions.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:09:26
Thank you very much.
Now the floor goes to Mr Armen GEVORGYAN.
The floor is yours.
Mister Chairman, domestic political situation in Armenia after 2021 parliamentary election fully demonstrated the importance of such a resolution, but is unlikely to stop the erosion of parliamentary democracy.
An acceptable political and parliamentary culture is not being formed in Armenia unfortunately, since there is not a single case of changing the current government through elections.
In my country, the clear-cut constitutional guarantees and mechanism adopted for ensuring the proper functioning of opposition factions are not respected.
For example, the representatives of opposition can be simply removed from their key parliamentary positions, their right to immunity can be violated, and opposition cannot efficiently exercise their oversight powers.
The concept of representation mandate is being completely turned upside-down.
The executive and legislative powers merge in parliamentary majority, which has in fact created a majoritarian dictatorship.
The Parliament leaves it by its own logic, which has little to do with the electoral platform with the majority faction.
As a result, it is not able to reduce the degree of division in society, ensure the unity of the people, and prevent the widening of public apathy and negative expectations.
This has worsened the situation with respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms, which is recorded also by relevant international organisations.
Dear colleagues, in the modern world the expiration date of political legitimacy for elected authorities has shrunk, this has resulted in growing ideological vacuum between electoral cycles. The capacity of the opposition to fill in this vacuum with alternatives is of utmost importance, otherwise we see only an intensification of populism by authorities, who shift the responsibility on the opposition instead of doing their job.
At the same time, when the opposition lacks the capacity to prevent such trends, the political discourse goes beyond the parliament. The balanced model of social order disappears and the society falls under authoritarian rule.
Mister Chairman, modern political transformation forces us to reflect about a new system of checks and balances, which will bring higher quality of relations within branches of power.
This is what we need to avoid: the further increase of the gap between the political elites and the people.
To conclude, I suggest further discussion on how could we conventionally address within the Council of Europe of the provision of new institutional mechanisms and conditions for a more effective and efficient forming and functioning of parliamentary opposition parties and functions.
Thank you.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:12:30
Thank you very much.
Now the floor goes to Ms Larysa BILOZIR.
The floor is yours.
Dear Mister President, dear colleagues,
Beforehand, I would like to thank the rapporteurs Ms Elvira KOVÁCS and Ms Isabel Meirelles, for the great job on comprehensive reports which underscore the significance of robust opposition and referendums that generally expressed the visions of people in ensuring accountability, transparency, and the preservation of the democratic principles.
It is the parliament that embodies the faith people have in democracy. Thus, it is essential that the parliament ensures that opposition enhances the work of the majority. At the heart of the democracy lies the principle of checks and balances, a system of institutional safeguards designed to provide the concentration of power and mitigate the risk of abuse.
I fully agree with the rapporteur that in all democracies there may be less urgency for legal safeguards for the opposition. However, in new democracies, there is often a greater need for explicit rules to protect the opposition.
On the other hand, I believe that the possibilities for oppositional activity should be carefully defined so it does not aim its violation of state sovereignty and undermine security of the country.
Unfortunately, a case of such kind is well known in Ukraine. In Ukraine, the Supreme Court banned 12 pro-Russian parties. The Opposition Platform – For Life party which was banned in 2022 after the fully-fledged Russian aggression would explicitly direct its action on the undermining of Ukrainian independence. Besides having strong connections with Russian authorities, the members of the party systematically conducted anti-Ukrainian activities to strengthen Russian influence. Today, in the face of the common threat, the ongoing aggression of Russia, despite the differences and contradictions between the majority and the opposition, Ukrainian parliamentarians stand together in adopting legislation on defence and security strengthening and European integration.
It is our duty as a lawmakers to stand as one with our people and with our defenders, united in our determination to defend our homeland and resist the forces of Russian tyranny that today, even with sevenfold advantage in manpower and in tenfold advantage in ground equipment, is incapable to break our resilience.
We, Ukrainian parliamentarians, strongly believe that we prevail and emerge stronger, more resilient and more united even than ever before. We ask you to persuade your governments to help Ukraine with weaponry to protect the basics of this organisation, the right to life and democracy, until it can be too late.
Thank you for your attention.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:15:47
Thank you very much.
Now the floor goes to Ms Ana TSITLIDZE, who will be the last speaker.
The floor is yours.
Thank you.
First of all, I would thank the rapporteur for this incredible report.
Dear colleagues, I am sure that here we all understand the significant role of democracy, especially at the time when Europe, the entire world, and their civilisation are faced with challenges and threats.
The question is why we need to support the democracy around the world. The answer is simple. Because democracy means peace, democracy means stability, security, human rights, and especially democracy means no war and violence.
When I speak about democracy, I mean real inspiration of democracy and not a false one.
We all together must support democracy everywhere.
The Russian aggression toward the Ukraine and the situation in Israel reminds us of our obligation.
Now, when I'm standing and speaking to you, let me tell you what happens in my country, Georgia.
Thousands of Georgians are in the streets of Tbilisi against the Russian law. The Georgian opposition tries to force the government to withdraw this Russian law. The answer to the Georgian dream is a verbal attack and a physical attack.
Depolarisation, this is a responsibility of the Georgian Government.
The Georgian Government is responsible for the political prisoners in Georgia.
The third president of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili, is in prison. He is also responsible for Europe, too.
The anti-Western propaganda is how the Georgian dream tries to lead the Georgian people, influence the Russian interests in Georgia, and divide Georgian citizens. All democratic institutions in Georgia are under the oligarchy system.
In this very difficult time for Europe and for the world, we must be more decisive and clearer to call things by their real names. The real name of the Georgian Government today is that the Georgian Government is not a democracy. The Georgian Government is an oligarchic system.
Thank you.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:19:45
Thank you very much.
I must now interrupt the list of speakers. The speeches of members on the speakers list who have been present during the debate but have not been able to speak may be given to the Table Office for publication in the Official Report. I remind colleagues that the type-written texts can be submitted, electronically if possible, no later than 4 hours after the list of speakers is interrupted.
I call now Ms KOVÁCS, rapporteur, to reply. You have 6 minutes.
Thank you distinguished Chair, dear colleagues.
First of all, thank you for the debate. If someone listened carefully and at least two of us, our distinguished Chair of the Committee and the others, we listened carefully, could see that, of course, everybody, as experienced MPs back at home, first of all, spoke about his or her personal experience, about the country, and I like the most, the exact comment, "We are experts on this topic". Indeed. Me, personally, I enjoyed this work and when I was asked if I could be the rapporteur, I said "Yeah". I also feel like an expert since I have been in Serbian Parliament for the last 17 years, and I have felt what it means to be in opposition and part of the ruling majority.
But just to clarify, this report is not only about the opposition. I understand that the situation of the opposition sometimes feels different in that they are of course in the minority but – and I am really thankful to Mr Reinhold LOPATKA who focused that the opposition also has rights and duties, and sometimes, in a lot of our countries because we just spoke about the differences, it was not easy at all to finish a report taking into account the differences and that, as a lot of you said, no one idea cannot fit all countries.
So the importance is to take into account what is happening and really to have democratic solutions. So the main idea is, because we are political experts, but the real legal experts are actually the Venice Commission, and since the Checklist of the Venice Commission was finished now five years ago, and it was not promoted well, the main aim and goal of this report was to somehow to promote them and really now work back at home through member states, observers and others with status of democracy to really implement, because we all know that strange things can happen even some MPs for example change their parties and go from one group to another. And in some parliaments they can have really an agreement among each other, in others, in new democracies, there are some ideas how to make things work better and these are not so successful.
On the other side, when we speak about referendums and look around 46 member states, there are different cultures. In some countries referendums are popular, in others not so popular. In some countries there are a lot of regional referendums, for example, but the most important thing as it was said a few times during this afternoon debate is that every voice should be heard so the parliament should really represent everyone. But when we speak about referendums, really the people should be asked and what is important on time and this Code speaks exactly about the idea if we want to change something it should be on time to have enough time to implement it.
All in all, as I mentioned few times, I really enjoyed it but to say a big thanks to Agnes KERTESZ and Sonia SIRTORI. Even the debates during the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy were interesting. Some of the colleagues mentioned the situation in my own country, I decided not to misuse my position as a rapporteur, for example, it was a little bit misused at the end by the Jordan colleagues, but we understand that everybody wants to use the opportunity to speak about the topic what is important. But as it was allowed to her, I would also say that I would like to say a big thanks to the Ms Despina CHATZIVASSILIOU-TSOVILIS, the Secretary General of the Parliamentary Assembly, because as you all know, this report was actually planned for Friday morning and as a representative of the Serbian delegation, I personally asked to move this report before the extremely sensitive debate about the application of Kosovo because after that, the Serbian delegation will probably leave the Assembly, and as I said, without misusing my position, I think that you should think carefully about one country which has been a member of this organisation and we are really active members of the Parliamentary Assembly for the last 20 years, so I am really personally thankful that we managed to have this on the Agenda.
Thank you for your attention and, of course, we have only one amendment on which the Committee was on in favour. Thank you.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:26:14
Thank you very much, Madam Elvira KOVÁCS.
Now, Mister Bertrand BOUYX, as President of the Committee you have 3 minutes, if you want to take the floor.
Will you?
Président de la Commission des questions politiques et de la démocratie
16:26:27
Thank you, Mr Chairman.
Ladies and gentlemen,
Listen, I'll be very brief on this point: you've all expressed what I think is the unanimous position of the Council of Europe on these two reports.
I would particularly like to congratulate Mrs Elvira KOVÁCS and Mrs Isabel MEIRELLES, who no longer sits in our noble Assembly: they have both worked, in the end, on what constitutes the beating heart of democracy, i.e. how we bring to life in our reciprocal parliaments our oppositions with the majority, how we succeed in establishing the political legitimacy of each group, and I think that this work has been enlightened by the work carried out by the Venice Commission and then by this Code of Good Practice. So I think that what constitutes this legitimacy is our ability to rely on the values that make up democracy.
I believe that Mrs Elvira KOVÁCS and Mrs Isabel MEIRELLES have drawn the essence of these proposals made by the Venice Commission and by the Code of Good Practice; they have transcribed them in these two reports which the Political Affairs and Democracy Committee approved, and we voted unanimously for the preliminary draft resolution.
That's it, I won't take much longer. Thank you Mrs KOVÁCS, thank you ladies and gentlemen, and thank you Mr Chairman.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Dear President,
Dear Colleagues,
Parliaments are the cornerstone of democracies, embodying the essence of representative governance and promoting the principles of accountability, transparency and inclusiveness.
Nevertheless, for parliaments to effectively and efficiently fulfil all their roles and functions and safeguard democratic processes, they need a strong institutional structure, efficient working procedures and constructive interaction between the majority and the opposition.
To achieve this, it is important to maintain a balance between the majority and the opposition when designing and improving the institutional structure and functioning of parliaments.
This is all the more important as the opposition in parliaments usually express dissatisfaction with the lack of opportunities and with the limitation of their legislative powers as independent legislative actors.
Therefore, in order for the opposition to participate equally and effectively in the legislative process, their rights and responsibilities should be clearly defined and enforceable.
Yet again, it is none other than parliamentarians, both majority and opposition, who will make the legislative arrangements and changes necessary to achieve all these.
On this basis, I welcome the work of the Venice Commission and believe that it will serve as an encouraging and instructive guide for parliaments.
Finally, I would like to mention some of the regulations in Türkiye in this context.
As the report also points out, in Türkiye, the Constitution stipulates that the provisions of the Rules of Procedure shall be drawn up in such a way as to ensure the participation of each political party group in all the activities of the Assembly in proportion to the number of its members.
Moreover, independent MPs who do not belong to a political party group, can also be members of committees. This is guaranteed in the statutes of some committees.
Furthermore, the Rules of Procedure regulate both the right and the time for Members to speak, without distinction as to whether they belong to the majority or the opposition.
Thank you.
Speech not pronounced (Rules of Procedure, Art. 31.2), only available in French
Speech not pronounced (Rules of Procedure, Art. 31.2), only available in French
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Spain ranks high in transparency and democratic quality. It is among the 24 full democracies in the world. But we are a deeply decentralised country with 17 autonomous regions.
The situation we have been experiencing in some regions since the arrival of the extreme right in coalition governments with the Popular Party is very worrying. Regional governments have developed all the ideology of the extreme right and attacked rights that were solidly consolidated in Spain. It is worrying to see how freedom and the law of democratic memory in Spain are being threatened.
This is done through intimidations, attacks on the media and the attempt to annul the opposition, and making an abusive use of a majority that does not benefit the development of freedom and democracy at all. Such is the regional government of Madrid.
All these issues are systematically announced by the opposition parties, but the use of absolute majorities by these extreme governments jeopardises the principles consolidated by democratic parties which defend the values within the Council of Europe and which share the objectives of the Reykjavik declaration.
This report, which I consider very important, points out that one of the main objectives of parliamentary democracies is the commitment to democracy, both by the majority and the minority.
I am deeply sorry to make this intervention and to recognise that developments in democratic quality are threatened by these governments. Only a fortnight ago a law was announced in Castilla y León, which contradicts the Spanish Constitution, violates human rights by erasing the most dramatic history of the 20th century in Spain, Francoism, a dictatorship that left Spain in isolation for 40 years, the consequences of which are still being suffered by a very important part of Spanish society, the defeated part, whose victims have been demanding the justice that the dictatorship denied to them for decades; the right to bury their relatives, the missing ones. A right that is now being denied to them once again, just the same as are denied the tributes to those murdered in Nazi concentration camps
We cannot speak of a healthy relationship between governments and opposition when profoundly democratic principles and values are called into question. Mrs Kovacs points out that the term democracy covers a multitude of meanings. But never equate democracy with dictatorship because it is an offence to all citizens who have suffered and are suffering from dictatorships.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Thank you Chair, and thanks to the rapporteurs.Dear colleagues, the Government of Catalonia has recently presented a report based on the Code of Good Practice, on the legal avenues for holding an independence referendum. The main conclusion is that Catalonia can exercise the right of self-determination within the current legislative framework of the Spanish State. We must bear in mind that voting in a self-determination referendum is the way to resolve conflicts peacefully, and there is a majority of Catalans who wants exercise self-determination. This, dear collegues, has been reflected in sustained majorities in parliament.The self-determination referendum held on 2017 in Catalonia, has led to strong repression by the Spanish State: media harassment and economic, police and judicial repression. In fact, currently, thousands of activists, political officials, citizens and journalists continue to suffer repression, even the Secretary General of my party, among others, are in exile.
We are currently working to resolve the political conflict with Spain in a negotiated way through a referendum and alleviate this situation through a referendum agreed with the Spanish state and to advance in the resolution of this political confrontation.
But, as long as the citizens of Catalonia do not have the possibility to decide their political future, dear colleagues, we are far from resolving this conflict. For this reason, we continue to work for the amnesty and the self-determination.
And the Catalan proposal, based on the Code of Good Practice, which confirms the constitutional fit of Catalonia's self-determination through a referendum, is the way for the peaceful resolution of political conflicts, through the use of the tools that democracy offers us.
That is to say, it is a proposal for the peaceful resolution of political conflicts, precisely at a time in history where the world is experiencing the militarization and violent treatment of conflicts as the only way to approach conflictual political relations.
We must, therefore, return and support this kind of pacification, civility, humanism and democracy.
Thank you so much.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Honourable colleagues,
Former Canadian prime minister John Diefenbaker once said: “The reading of history proves that freedom always dies when criticism ends.”
To paraphrase him, it’s when the opposition in a parliament fearlessly performs its function – protecting the rights of minorities, exposing wasteful expenditures, eliciting information, and proposing amendments – that our freedom is preserved.
Some might argue that’s an overstatement. But I don’t believe it is.
All but two of my 11 years in the Canadian Senate have been spent in Her and now His Majesty’s Loyal Opposition – a term that’s been in use longer in Canada than the title of “Prime Minister.”
And time and time again, I’ve witnessed the truth and wisdom in Prime Minister Diefenbaker’s words.
Thank you, Rapporteur Kovács, for highlighting the essential role of the opposition in a parliamentary democracy.
In today’s joint debate, that’s where I’ll be focusing my remarks.
The principal recommendation of Rapporteur Kovács’ report is that this Assembly: endorse the Venice Commission Checklist Parameters and recommend them to member state parliaments, observer states, and parliaments with partner for democracy status.
The Checklist covers what we might call the sine qua non for effective opposition in a parliamentary democracy.
It doesn’t provide precise standards, of course, but instead identifies general principles and best practices with respect to, among other things: the rules on the composition of parliamentary committees, agenda setting, amending legislation, the allocation of speaking time, the initiation of confidence votes and members’ immunity.
In the Canadian Parliament, our rules in these areas are enshrined in the Standing Orders of the House of Commons and the Rules of the Senate, without which, I’d argue, the Official Opposition would find great difficulty in effectively holding the government to account.
I would hope there is widespread if not universal support in this Assembly for the Checklist’s general principles.
Because while the focus of the Checklist was on so-called “vulnerable democracies,” we are constantly reminded – unfortunately – that no democracy is invulnerable.
Parliamentary rules – and adherence to them – are in sense the first line of defence.
In conclusion, as Rapporteur Kovács, stated in her report’s explanatory memorandum: “The democratic quality of a parliament is measured by the means available to the opposition or the parliamentary minority to accomplish its tasks.”
I wholeheartedly agree. Thank you.
Speech not pronounced (Rules of Procedure, Art. 31.2), only available in French
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Thank you very much, Mr. President!
It’s a pleasure to represent my country, Mexico, in this Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe as an observer country.
I take this opportunity to congratulate Mrs. Isabel Meirelles for submitting this resolution. We agree that there is a need to establish a series of guarantees in order for referendums to genuinely express the will of the people and comply with international regulations on democracy and the Rule of Law.
In Mexico, referendums and public consultations are important tools for citizen participation and democratic policy-making, as is exemplified by the Referendum on Political Reform in Mexico City (2016), which was held to decide on political changes and the creation of a local Constitution for Mexico City.
In 2019, we reformed our country’s Political Constitution to include the power to vote in public consultations on issues of national and regional importance as a right of all citizens, as well as the recognition of the right to participate in the Process to Revoke the Mandate of the President of the Republic, which is understood to be an instrument for participation requested by citizens in order to decide on early termination of duties of the person holding the office of President of the Republic due to no confidence. In our country, the first process to revoke a mandate occurred on April 10, 2022.
Referendums are already established as a figure of direct democracy in Mexico City’s Political Constitution, as a right of the citizenry to use this tool to approve reforms to said Constitution, as well as other provisions of a general character that are the purview of the Mexico City Legislature.
This delegation has been entrusted with the task of reviewing the Referendums Good Practices Code and proposing integration of this citizen participation tool into our Federal Legislative process, where the will the people is respected and access to clear and balanced information is guaranteed, allowing for informed decision-making by citizens and taking the guidelines on holding referendums into consideration, with which we reaffirm our respect for Democracy and the Rule of Law.
Thank you very much!
Speech not pronounced (Rules of Procedure, Art. 31.2), only available in French
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
I would like to congratulate Mrs. Kovács and Mrs. Meirelles on their reports on the promotion of democracy in the parliamentary sphere.
There is no doubt that the relationship that should exist between the majority group and the opposition goes beyond the discordant and, in some cases, reckless positions that the conservative parties increasingly adopt when they are in opposition.
When the onslaught is intense, the opposition lashes out in a quasi-belligerent manner against the majority group or coalitions, even taking actions beyond all reason during parliamentary debates.
It is clear that when the right wing loses its parliamentary majority, it assumes aggressive positions of denigration and assumes absolute truth, disdaining the will of the people who decided a different scenario than the prevailing one.
When the left takes power, the right wing carries out catastrophic scenarios, devastating economic scenarios, and when it is shown otherwise, it looks for another subject to continue with its attack, whether it is the environment, security or public works, which are its favorites.
In Mexico we have gone through a democratic process that has involved at least two moments in which, in spite of the left having won the government, the conservative right has snatched it away, 1988 and 2006.
Now that it won overwhelmingly the left in 2018 becomes the parliamentary majority but the powers that be try again and again to derail the democratically elected government. However, the results achieved are very encouraging, the peso is much stronger against the dollar revaluing by 6 pesos since the current government began, the economy is growing significantly, taxes have not been increased, international reserves are at historic highs, the minimum wage has increased significantly.
That is why we are now building the second floor of the fourth transformation of Mexico's public life and shortly we will have our elections and I am widely confident that we will have a woman as our new president of Mexico and the next government will be presided over by Dr. Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo, a scientist, social fighter, environmentalist and lifelong leftist.
We will have a more robust parliamentary majority than the current one with the will of the people and the first minority will be points below the majority, even two digits away.
Hence, the guidelines proposed on the role of the parliamentary minorities should be aimed at strengthening the rights of the majorities and hold the minorities accountable for their ethical behavior, monitoring them and holding them responsible for their actions when all they want to do is to undermine the will of the people.
Saint-Marin, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:28:10
Thank you, Mister BOUYX.
The Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy has presented a draft resolution to which no amendments have been tabled.
We will now proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Doc. 15946.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the results to be displayed.
The draft resolution in Doc. 15946 is adopted.
The Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy has presented a draft resolution (Document 15940) to which 1 amendment has been tabled.
I remind you that speeches on amendments are limited to 30 seconds.
I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy wishes to propose to the Assembly that amendment 1 to the draft resolution, which was unanimously approved by the Committee, should be declared as agreed by the Assembly.
Is that so, Mister BOUYX?
Does anyone object?
As there is no objection, I declare that amendment 1 to the draft resolution has been agreed.
We will now proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Doc. 15940.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The draft resolution in Doc. 15940 is adopted.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:31:15
Ladies and gentlemen, dear colleagues, it is now my pleasure to welcome among us a former colleague of ours, Mr Mihail POPSOI, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Moldova.
Dear Mihail, welcome back amongst us. As a you were a former Vice-President of our Assembly and a member for five years, you know this house of democracy very well.
We are very pleased that one of us is here with us as a minister and the vice-chair of his government. We are very pleased that your first trip, you chose to do it in Strasbourg since you were appointed as a Minister of Foreign Affairs in January this year.
We wish you a lot of success in your new functions and in accompanying your country through the EU process after the opening of accession negotiations in December 2023.
After his intervention, the Deputy Prime Minister has kindly accepted to take questions.
Instead of asking questions, this time you have to answer questions.
Without further ado, it's my pleasure to give you the floor, Mister Mihail POPSOI.
Vice-Premier ministre et ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République de Moldova
16:32:48
Dear President, thank you for your invitation to address the distinguished members of the Assembly.
It is indeed a great honour to return back in my new capacity, especially at a time when we celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Council of Europe, but also at a time of great peril and great suffering that our region is going through.
Dear Secretary General, dear members of the Assembly, Excellencies, in a time when the international law is severely violated, multi-lateralism is under attack, and new disruptive technologies are changing our life, we need a pivot, a point of reference.
Throughout the years, the Council of Europe has managed to keep its role as such a pivot, for human rights, for democracy, for rule of law.
It was driven by the deep conviction that only the proceeds of peace, based on justice and international cooperation, is vital for the preservation of human society and civilisation.
The Republic of Moldova joined the council of Europe in 1995 being driven by the same ideas with the aspiration and commitments to contribute to a united peaceful and prosperous European community of values.
What drives Moldova today?
I would resume to three primary tasks.
First, to continue deep reforms and transformation of our society.
Second, to overcome the multiple challenges that we are facing today.
And third, to build a prosperous European future for our people.
Let me start with the reforms. For almost 30 years the Council of Europe has been a long-standing partner for my country in its efforts to build a democratic society, strong democratic institutions, and we did it all together.
9 years ago, Secretary General Thorbjørn Jagland referred to Moldova as "a captured state".
It was a painful, yet accurate diagnosis. And it mobilised the healthy political forces for action. Over the past years, we have invested all our energy to clean up corruption in the justice system, to cut the influence of oligarchs in politics, economy, and media, we progressed a lot and we are doing everything we can in order to implement all of the recommendations of our partners, including the Venice Commission, Moneyval, GRECO.
The ad hoc high-level working group on justice sector reform established under the auspices of the Secretary General at Moldova's request shaped the progress that we see today. All this work is aimed to make our democracy stronger, our justice system more efficient and more transparent.
We are focused not only on justice and anti-corruption. We also work in modernising how our public sector works, bringing it closer to our citizens.
We also are digitising our economy.
A specific goal that we are aiming is to make improvements in various fields in order to adhere to the Council of Europe commitments, so that hopefully, in the near future, we can graduate from the monitoring procedure of the Parliamentary Assembly, and here I make an appeal to my fellow former colleagues from the Monitoring Committee, and I can reassure you that Moldova will do everything it needs to make sure that we live up to our commitments and graduate the monitoring phase in order to progress on our European aspiration path.
Now, turning to challenges, and they are many and they are severe, primarily the Russian aggression against Ukraine, which is causing enormous devastation to our neighbour and friend, but also has important negative repercussions on the Republic of Moldova.
And we have repeatedly said it and we remain firm in our commitment to stand by Ukraine, and we condemn in the strongest possible terms the barbaric Russian aggression against our friend and partner Ukraine.
The Republic of Moldova has shown solidarity with the people of Ukraine welcoming about a million and a half of Ukrainian refugees, still hosting about 115 000, mainly women and children.
We have provided the temporary protection mechanism and over 43 000 of Ukrainian refugees that have found shelter in Moldova have benefited from this mechanism, allowing to work, study, benefit from social medical care in the Republic of Moldova.
The Republic of Moldova has received considerable support in its effort to provide the best assistance to our Ukrainian friends and neighbours including from the Council of Europe.
And we are thankful that through the many projects on strengthening the protection of human rights for refugees and migrants from the Republic of Moldova, the European Union and the Council of Europe have been there for the Republic of Moldova.
Moldova is also actively in supporting Ukraine through the solidarity lanes. Over a million tons of goods have passed through the Republic of Moldova to and from Ukraine, and we remain committed to providing our infrastructure to our Ukrainian friends and neighbours who are in desperate need of this support.
As this devastating war has entered its 3rd year, all the efforts by the international community must be channelled to helping Ukraine to continue withstanding this aggression, taking action to discourage Russia from continuing this war, while searching for a sustainable and comprehensive solution that would bring justice and prevent any new war in the future.
The peace formula presented by president Zelenskyy is such a framework.
The Council of Europe is ensuring the accountability, which is crucial, and has demonstrated its capacity through the establishment of register of damages, as the first step in creating a compensating mechanism, and we very much welcome the opening in The Hague of the claims submission process for compensation of damages.
Moldova is a full participant of the register and we support efforts in establishing a special tribunal for the crime of aggression against Ukraine.
Another challenge is the unresolved conflict in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova. Our position remains unchanged: we support a peaceful settlement of the Transnistrian conflict through negotiations based on sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova within our international recognised borders.
The negotiations in the 5+2 format is put on hold.
We mostly engage in direct dialogue with the Left Bank in order to prevent tension and maintain calm.
In this context, I would like to reiterate our deep concern regarding human rights infringement in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova. It is of great concern that any opinion or opposition by local activists ends with prison sentences for extremism. Not to mention the criminal liability put in place for those who seek justice in international bodies.
The European Court of Human Rights has issued several judgements, finding Russia liable for human rights violations that take place in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova. Even though Russia has been kicked out of the Council of Europe, and for good reasons, we should be finding ways to continue to pursue that Russia be held liable for the infringement of human rights in the Transnistria region.
The illegal presence of Russian troops and ammunition in the Transnistria region remains a major source of concern and we remain firm now in our demand that Russia withdraw its troops and ammunition from the Republic of Moldova.
More so, it is incredibly cynical to hear Russian authorities voicing concern about the neutrality status of the Republic of Moldova, while it was the Kremlin in this past 2 or 3 years that has been consistently and cynically violating the neutrality status of the Republic of Moldova.
The third challenge is external attempts to destabilise the situation in my country.
The goal is clear: to undermine the trust in the government and exploit the very economic misery that the Kremlin has created in order to undermine the political stability, in the hope of establishing a pro-Russian government in the Republic of Moldova. But our people know better, and we will show that in the referendum that we have at the end of this year.
We're making constant efforts to combat Russian continuous propaganda and disinformation.
We are also facing threats of illegal financing and support of various political projects promoting a populist pro-Kremlin agenda. It is a systemic attempt by Russia to put to use all the sensitive topics and trying to divide us domestically, trying to build wedges between Moldovans who are Romanian speakers and Russian speakers, between Moldovans that are at home and Moldovans that have left for the diaspora, between Moldovans and Ukrainian refugees that have found peace in the Republic of Moldova.
All these attempts will fail because Moldovan society, as I mentioned, knows better.
Now, dear friends, I will mention the aspiration and the legitimate craving of the Moldovan people to be a member of the European family of nations.
Building a European future together is the commitment of our people. Our objective is to unite our entire society around this goal. We have achieved a lot in the last couple of years, from submitting our application to EU accession, to hopefully, have the inter-governmental conference now in the next few weeks and actually starting to open chapters and embark on this long, but important path of solidifying our democratic institutions, building prosperity in Moldova, and getting closer to the strategic goal of our country of being a member of the European family of nations.
We are all aware that the long way ahead is difficult, that is why we are taking very serious reforms, including in the justice sector, combating corruption, promoting human rights, so that we live first and foremost up to the expectation of our citizens and, of course, to the commitments that were have taken upon with our European partners.
An important part in building our European future is full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. In this regard, recently the government adopted the new national human rights programme for the upcoming three years, which will guide the whole government approach and reforms in this area: on gender equality, anti-trafficking, development of civil society associations, stronger support for women's rights, and combating domestic violence, in implementation of the Istanbul Convention that we have ratified.
The Council of Europe is involved in almost all of these aspects in supporting the reform process in building rule of law in the Republic of Moldova, which is an important aspect in our EU accession as well.
Reforming the legal structures is not easy.
As I mentioned the society should support our efforts, and they do. This is why we came up with the initiative to hold a constitutional referendum at the end of this year in support of European integration. This will allow us to set the common goals for the entire country and move together in the same direction.
Ladies and gentlemen, I started by saying that security on our continent is seriously violated, and common sets of Rules have been brutally undermined.
On the map of European multilateral structures, the Council of Europe remains a credible, successful, and well-regarded institution with unique expertise in the role of a standard-bearer. It is important to preserve and strengthen the role of the Council of Europe.
We are very grateful to the Secretary General for her leadership in leading the organisation through these difficult times.
The next Secretary General will require even stronger commitments to provide and promote ideas, proposals and solutions that would reach beyond political divides and promote our common agenda of peace and democracy.
In Reykjavík we stepped up an important track reaffirming the place and the role of the organisation on the map on the international cooperation multilateralism. That momentum has to be kept and relentlessly built upon.
Before concluding, I'd like to say that we will be truly honoured to hold the Presidency of the Committee of Ministers between November '25 and May '26, which will coincide with the 30th anniversary of Moldova's membership in the Council of Europe.
We are looking forward to bringing our contribution in further consolidating the organisation, making it stronger and better equipped to deal with old problems as well as emerging ones. But most importantly, pivotal to safeguarding peace, justice, democracy, rule of law, human rights for all the countries and people in the European continent and beyond.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:46:58
Thank you, Mr Mihail POPȘOI.
And now we will give the floor to the colleagues, starting from those who are representing the parties, the political groups, to ask their questions to the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Moldova, Mr Mihail POPȘOI.
I will first give the floor to Mr Titus CORLĂŢEAN from the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.
Roumanie, SOC, Porte-parole du groupe
16:47:23
Mister Minister.
We are aware and we appreciate a lot the progress made by the Republic of Moldova during the past years: the candidate status for the EU accession, the decision for starting the negotiations and while facing very serious challenges and the hybrid attacks coming from Russia or its proxies.
And this is happening exactly before fundamental Presidential elections and the referendum for European integration scheduled in October this year.
I would like to ask you to indicate to us how your government intends to manage in this context the situation related to Gagauzia having in mind the provocative actions and contacts in Moscow of the leader of the local administration and how – and if – our organisation and the member states can be helpful in supporting the Republic of Maldova in this context?
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:48:25
Mr Mihail POPȘOI, you have the floor.
Vice-Premier ministre et ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République de Moldova
16:48:28
Thank you, dear Mr Titus CORLĂŢEAN,
Indeed, the Gagauz autonomy has been hijacked by a criminally organised group by the oligarch who is convicted to 15 years in jail for the billion-dollar fraud in the Republic of Moldova, and is a fugitive from Moldovan justice, and through corruption and through acting as a de facto proxy of the Kremlin, has tried consistently to destabilise the situation in the Republic of Moldova.
What we can do at home is law enforcement, is taking action, to address this national security threat that this criminal group poses, while at the same time our friends and partners in the international community have sanctioned this individual and the political party that was later declared unconstitutional. Our partners in the European Union, in the United States and beyond have sanctioned this criminal group, this proxy of the Russian Federation, and we can only strengthen this sanctioning regime and the asset-recovery regimes given that this oligarchs who have left enormous misery behind in Moldova are now exploiting this very misery to their nefarious ends, promoting a Russian agenda in the Republic of Moldova.
So we count on our partners in further strengthening the sanctioning regimes and the asset-recovery mechanisms so that such fugitive oligarchs and proxies of the Russian Federation do not enjoy impunity, whether they are in Israel, in London, in Northern Cyprus or in Russia, as the oligarch that is pulling the strings in Gagauzia is now sort of in between Israel and Russia.
So that would be our kind request.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:50:31
On behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, Mr Lőrinc NACSA.
Hongrie, PPE/DC, Porte-parole du groupe
16:50:37
Thank you, Chair, Mister Deputy Prime Minister,
Moldova has been a valued member of this organisation for almost three decades. Earlier, the President of Moldova reiterated that the primary foreign policy goal of the country is Moldova's accession to the EU. We support Moldova's European integration aspirations and the opening of EU accession negotiation as soon as it is possible. We believe that the performance of candidate countries should be assessed on their own merits on a case-by-case basis.
My question would be in what areas does your country need more support from the Council of Europe to achieve the aforementioned goal as soon as possible?
Thank you very much.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:51:21
Mr Mihail POPȘOI.
Vice-Premier ministre et ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République de Moldova
16:51:26
Thank you, indeed. The Republic of Moldova has received the green light from the European Union to start negotiations in the Council decision in December, and in this context, I would like to thank everyone of you who represent an EU member state for this decision because the Republic of Moldova has always received the backing and support when it comes to our accession process.
When it comes to the shortcomings or the challenges that we are facing, of course, they are well-known. Many of them stem from the result of the barbaric Russian aggression against Ukraine, those are primarily economic challenges. We are now in survival mode when it comes to the economic situation in the country, while the Kremlin is trying to exploit this very vulnerability that they have created.
At the same time, we are building resilience in our institutions. In the past two years, we have had remarkable success in strengthening and diversifying our energy security, our energy supply, in building resilience in our law enforcement, in our defence sector, in consolidating our information security. So, in all of these efforts, we have received enormous support from our friends and partners in the EU and beyond and we are thankful for that support.
Currently, we are building our capacity to make sure that we can advance effectively and proactively on our EU negotiations and we will be counting on our friends and partners to also help us in this undertaking.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:53:06
On behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO.
Ukraine, CE/AD, Porte-parole du groupe
16:53:13
Thank you, Chair.
Minister Mihail POPSOI, first of all, welcome back to our Assembly. We worked with you in your capicty as a member for years, now you can count on us for all other issues. I wish you all the best and success to your government.
I have two questions. The first is about Transnistria. Is it not the right time now to solve the Transnistrian problem, by all means – not excluding military?
And the second question is about the neutrality of Moldova. We see that, for Putin, neutrality means, "Please come and attack us". Is it not time for Moldova to start to move not just to European Union but also to NATO?
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:54:02
Mister Mihail POPSOI.
Vice-Premier ministre et ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République de Moldova
16:54:06
Thank you, dear Mister GONCHARENKO.
The Transnistrian conflict is a sensitive topic for the Republic of Moldova, and for me personally. My father is a veteran of the war in 1992. But as long as there is a modicum of hope that we can have a peaceful solution of the conflict, we will never give up on the peaceful settlement, and the Republic of Moldova is firmly committed to a peaceful, sustainable solution. And in fact, the EU accession process opens new important avenues and presents a strong strong pull factor for integration of the Republic of Moldova as the incentives presented by the integration to the single market in light of the Transnistrian region exporting over 70% of its production to the European market. The EU accession presents new opportunities for peaceful integration.
When it comes to neutrality, according to polls about a quarter of the population is in favour of joining NATO, we still have to work hard to explain to our citizens what our current neutrality status means, what are the alternatives to our neutrality status, and that effort implies a strong and tedious work in trying to break that wall of Russian propaganda that has created a boogeyman image out of NATO, that it has constantly painted NATO and the EU as the root of all evil.
And it takes a long and difficult public debate to build democratic legitimate and democratic support behind our re-approach or reviewing our status of neutrality.
For the time being, the Republic of Moldova within its constitutional neutrality status is cooperating with NATO. In fact, we have just celebrated 30 years of partnership for peace. The Republic of Moldova has contributed for the past 10 years, every half year new contingent to the K4 mission in Kosovo, recently we have provided also police participation in that mission.
Moldova participates also in the UN mission UNIFIL, so we are trying to contribute to security not to be just consumers of security. And it takes a long public debate to create the support, the democratic legitimacy behind any major decision, as is proper in a democratic country.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:56:45
On behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, the President of the group, Mr Iulian BULAI.
Roumanie, ADLE, Porte-parole du groupe
16:56:53
Thank you, President, dear Minister, Mr Mihail POPȘOI.
Thank you for your presence and congratulations on being appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs. It is a great pleasure for us to have you here and congratulations on the great efforts and reforms and progress that Moldova has achieved in the past year. I was shocked to see the so-called Bashkana of Gagauzia shaking hands with Putin asking for more help in Moldova for that minority, so that is so disgusting and disappointing.
How can you cope with that level of efforts of destabilisation of Moldova from Russia's side? And, what else? Do you need more from us, the free world, in order to continue these reforms on a straight path towards the EU and how can we help more?
And, in that light, I wish you lots of good luck with the referendum that you are about to have this fall on Moldova's accession to the EU and also wish lots of good luck, with the presidential election, to Madame President Maia Sandu this fall.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:57:56
Mister POPSOI, you have the floor.
Vice-Premier ministre et ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République de Moldova
16:58:00
Thank you.
Yes, indeed it is disappointing to see some of our citizens being willing to sell the national interests of the country for whatever material benefits or personal benefits that the Kremlin provides. It is unfortunate, we can only unmask this behaviour in the hope that our citizens will be able to make a difference when it comes to elections.
And we are confident that our citizens know better, and we plan to show that in the referendum at the end of this year.
The unity, the solidarity of the Moldovan people in support of the strategic goal of our country of being part of a peaceful and prosperous European family of nations, despite the worst efforts of the Kremlin to divide us, to build wedges in our society, we will continue to engage with our fellow citizens in the Gagauz autonomy.
In fact, they are one of the biggest recipients of European aid in the Republic of Moldova, and we will have to do a lot more in communicating the quantity and quality of their aid so that every citizen internalises the generosity of the European taxpayers. Because more often than not, some people in Gagauzia, but also in other regions of Moldova, go to a school that was rebuilt with Romanian funds, go to a small or medium enterprise that was opened with European funds, walk on a road that was built by either Americans or Turks, but end up praying to Putin like he's the lord and saviour, because primarily of the Russian propaganda that they've been allowed to live in for many many years, that Moldovan elites did not have the awareness and the political will to act and to provide the informational security to their citizens.
And in fact we've had situations where political leaders in Moldova, who are pretending to be pro-European, were actually benefiting from Russia propaganda as they were owning the rebroadcasting rights of federal Russian TV stations.
And it's not the fault of our citizens that they may not be aware or appreciate enough the support of the European Union, because sometimes they don't know about it, sometimes they take it for granted; it's our effort that we need to put more of to make sure that they internalise this support and we break through this wall of Russian propaganda that tried desperately to undermine Moldova's path towards the European Union.
So our goal is together with our friends and partners to be more active in communicating this support, in direct dialogue with our fellow citizens, not just in Gagauzia, but throughout the Republic of Moldova.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:01:01
On behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left, the Co-President Mr Andrej HUNKO.
Allemagne, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe
17:01:07
Thank you, Mister Foreign Minister, for your commitment on a peaceful settlement and a peaceful solution on the Transnistrian issue which you gave in the answer of Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO.
I have a question concerning the new ambassador from Ukraine, Mr Danilov, who repeatedly made it clear that there could be a military solution if Moldovan authorities agree. Would you exclude such a scenario, which I think would be a catastrophe for the region? What is your assessment about this?
Thank you very much.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:01:46
Thank you very much.
Mister POPSOI.
Vice-Premier ministre et ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République de Moldova
17:01:50
Thank you.
I am not in a position to comment on the Mr Danilov's words since he is still in the process of being appointed ambassador to the Republic of Moldova. We are incredibly honoured by the fact that he is being nominated, given his standing, given his gravitas in Ukrainian politics. It is an indication of the level of our political relations with Ukraine. When it comes to the solution to the Transnistrian conflict, I can only reiterate that the Republic of Moldova is firmly committed to a peaceful solution and we see the process of European integration as providing the very strong incentives for the business community in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova as well as to average citizens in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova and these incentives will be a very strong pull factor in the integration process.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:02:54
Thank you, Mister POPSOI.
We have ended with the list of speakers of behalf of political groups and now we'll open the speakers list.
I give the floor to Mr Reinhold LOPATKA.
Thank you very much.
First of all, congratulations on all the encouraging progress you have in Moldova. Moldova doesn't have a direct border with Russia, but it is facing multiple Russian threats, and you said you want a peaceful solution for Transnistria.
How do you see the role of the pro-Russian separatists in Transnistria? What do you think, how realistic is it in the near future that they call for Russian protection?
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:03:43
Mr Mihail POPSOI, I forgot to tell you that I am going to give the floor to groups of three questions, so please if you want to take notes of the questions, so you will answer all three questions after.
Now it is Ms Larysa BILOZIR.
Minister Mihail POPSOI,
In the Ukrainian parliament, I represent the Vinnytsia region that has a common border with our good neighbour Moldova and also with Transnistria, and as to the peaceful solution, we want peace but prepare for war. We are building permanently defensive structures there because we have a threat from that side, and Putin actually wants to cut us [off] from the sea and he will use the the weapons from Transnistria if he will go that way to descend, you know he wants to go that way.
But I know that despite the support of Ukraine by your government and joint steps towards the EU, the aggressive propaganda is strongly rooted in Moldova and manipulated that the West does not support Ukraine enough, and therefore, will not support Moldova in case of danger. And given the significant role of Russian propaganda in exacerbating its war of aggression, what collaborative strategies between Ukraine and Moldova can be employed to counteract these narratives to reinforce the truth about the situation on the ground?
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:05:19
Thank you, dear colleagues.
Please, try to keep the time limit.
Now we'll give the floor to Mr Antonio GUTIÉRREZ LIMONES.
Thank you, Mister President.
I am going to speak in Spanish.
Mister Minister, I'd like to thank you for being here and for the efforts and bravery you, your president, and your institutions have shown in very adverse circumstances to try to make Moldova part of the EU.
I have two quick questions: how can we in this Assembly help you in ensuring that the referendum will take place in your country in a way that is orderly, calm and transparent, and without external interferences, especially from Russia.
Secondly, what is the situation regarding the implementation of the sentences of the Court of Human Rights that concern your country?
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:06:12
Thank you, Mr Antonio GUTIÉRREZ LIMONES.
Mr Mihail POPSOI, you can answer these three questions.
Vice-Premier ministre et ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République de Moldova
17:06:19
Thank you.
Well, to the first question, Mr Reinhold LOPATKA says that we do not have a direct border with Russia. Thank God we do not have a direct border with Russia! And thank Ukraine that Russia is not up to our borders, because it is not whether the Russians want to get our borders, and it is not a question whether the Russians want to occupy Moldova, it is a question whether they can. They so far were not able to thanks to the sacrifice and the enormous courage of the Ukrainian people and the Ukrainian Army, as long as Ukraine has the capacity to withstand this barbaric aggression. We call upon the international community to provide all the necessary support to Ukraine. In two days I will be going to Washington for the strategic dialogue with the United States. We really hope that we get some cautious optimism that our American friends will be providing soon the support that Ukraine so desperately needs.
The Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova mentioned that they want support from Russia, and then they edited their public statement saying that they want diplomatic support from Russia. Because even that statement they felt might be misinterpreted and they certainly do not want to have anything to do with the Russian world as we see it in Kharkiv, as we see it in Mariupol, Hostomel, Borodyanka, Bucha. They certainly do not want any piece of that Russian world and neither do we and neither does any reasonable person, no matter the language, no matter their ethnic identity or the religion that that person might have. So, even the folks in the Transnistrian region know that is better for them, for their community, for their children to maintain peace and stability in the region. That is what we are committed to, and in dialogue with Tiraspol we are trying our best to maintain the peace and stability.
When it comes to the border with Ukraine, it is thanks to Ukraine, that we managed last year to sign the documents for the joint control of the border including the Transnistrian segment of the Moldova–Ukrainian border. This is something that we have wanted to do for many, many years. Now, thankfully, we have the joint control, so everything that goes in and out we know of, we control, and that is a game-changer when it comes to the to the integration process. We are committed to providing everything that our citizens need in the Transnistrian region but we also will make sure that some of the smuggling, and some of the other nefarious things that were happening will no longer happen. That is also thanks to our great co-operation with our Ukrainian friends.
When it comes to the referendum, what can be done? If only we could take every Moldovan citizen who is, let us say diplomatically skeptical of the EU, if we could take those citizens and show them some wonderful towns in Spain or in Italy or in Estonia or in Sweden, that will be very helpful. Since that is not really possible, the best we can do is to have constant communication with our citizens. You are certainly more than welcome to come and visit and talk to our citizens and tell them first hand what the real experiences are within the European Union and not that Russian propaganda that is painting EU member states in all kinds of negative hues.
At the same time, as I mentioned in my speech, with the European Court of Human Rights there are a number of decisions that hold Russia liable. We need to find solutions to continue to hold Russia liable for the decisions when it comes to human rights infringements including in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:10:07
The second group of three starting with Mr Knut ABRAHAM.
Thank you, Mister Chairman.
Minister, just briefly but really from the bottom of my heart, my admiration for the incredible progress your country has made under your government on the European path.
My question is: how can your European partners assist even more in the economic development of the country because this, in the end, is decisive for the support for the European path.
Thank you very much.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:10:45
Next is Ms Claude KERN.
Thank you, Mr Chairman.
Mr Deputy Prime Minister, dear Mr POPȘOI,
Last week, Russian President Vladimir Putin received Yevgenia Gutsul, the governor of the autonomous region of Gagauzia, for the second time in a month. Ms Gutsul is supported by Ilan Șor, a pro-Russian billionaire who fled after being sentenced in the Republic of Moldova to 15 years in prison. The signals sent out by this visit to Moscow are particularly worrying, with support for Gagauzia appearing to be a new way of destabilising the Republic of Moldova.
Can you give us an update on the situation on the ground in Gagauzia, and tell us how you intend to deal with this threat of destabilisation?
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:11:36
Thank you, Mr Claude KERN [in French].
Next question from Mr Gustaf GÖTHBERG.
Dear President and dear Foreign Minister Mr Mihail POPSOI, dear colleagues,
As the Minister pointed out, the Republic of Moldova has been a member of the Council of Europe for almost 30 years. A valuable partner and ally for democracy and rule of law and now also on the path to becoming a member of the European Union.
Sweden and the Parliament of Sweden truly welcome this. The progress shown by the Republic of Moldova in regard to the Council of Europe action plan is rather astonishing when it comes to promoting and safeguarding human rights, independent institutions and the rule of law. And I hope that you soon will graduate the monitoring phase,
My question, Sir, is what are the insights and the findings you made and the experience you have gained from your work within the Council of Europe as you now continue on the path to further European integration and European Union?
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:12:40
Thank you, Mister GÖTHBERG.
Mister POPSOI, you have the floor.
Vice-Premier ministre et ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République de Moldova
17:12:47
Thank you.
Indeed, Mister ABRAHAM, it's a main concern now. We are in economic survival mode. Given the severe Russian aggression against Ukraine and the economic repercussions that it has on the Republic of Moldova, we are now mainly concerned with maintaining macro-financial stability in the Republic of Moldova.
And of course we count on the support of the international community, and we have been incredibly fortunate to have this support especially through the most severe times of the energy crisis that Russia created that sent the energy bills through the roof. And it was with the support of the European Union and the United States that we managed to withstand that storm.
And now we have diversified our energy supply. We will never put ourselves in that position to be put with our backs against the wall and to be blackmailed like we have been two years ago.
So Moldova is now a lot more resilient when it comes to energy then it was before. But economically things are still difficult even though inflation is back to single digits. We have some modest economic growth, but we are counting on our friends and partners to create mechanisms to provide assurances to their investors, be German, French, or American.
Because without a mechanism to support our investors in the Republic of Moldova, it is going to be difficult to truly develop and truly advance and create good paying jobs in the Republic of Moldova. So that's something that we would like to see happening when it comes to the economic development of the Republic of Moldova.
When it comes to the photos, the handshakes, I mean it looks more and more desperate, it looks more and more cynical, especially with these promises of support from the Kremlin. We have heard those sirens songs. Unfortunately many Moldovans still fall victims to these siren songs of the Kremlin, but most Moldovans know better. They know that the real help has come from the European Union, from the United States, from the Euro-Atlantic, from the free world.
And what the Russians have given us is the presence of Russian troops in the Transnistrian region, has held us hostage for 30 years, hostages of this conflict, has given us enormous economic hardship as a result of their destruction and barbarism and killing of civilians every day and destruction of UNESCO Heritage sites, of energy infrastructure daily in Ukraine. That is what Russians are giving us every day.
But some citizens unfortunately are turning a blind eye to this and we have to work harder to make sure that they don't.
And this is our commitment.
When it comes to the support of the Council of Europe and what I have learned in the Council of Europe. Well, dear Gustaf, that is actually a painful question because I've learned a lot of great things during my stay in the Council of Europe as a member, but my very first day in the Council of Europe I remember with mixed feelings, because that was June 2019 when Russia was welcomed back into the Council of Europe.
So that will stay with with me forever as a young, somewhat naive politician from Moldova, I remember how we were fighting not to have Russia back. And we sleepwalked into that decision. I really hope that we don't sleepwalk in another decision that we're seeing now some starting to talk about fatigue, about negotiations between Russia and Ukraine.
That is not the way forward.
The only solution to the Russian aggression against Ukraine can be restitution of Ukraine's control over its sovereign territory and making the conditions that Russia is not able to mount such an aggression ever in the future.
That's the only solution that we can see from our region, and we'll be working hard to persuade all of our friends and partners that that is truly the only solution.
Exactly the way as we were saying in 2019, that it's not a good idea to welcome Russia back.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:17:23
Thank you.
Next round Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ.
Thank you, Mr Chairman.
First of all, it's a pleasure to see you here again, Mr Mihail POPSOI.
It's an honor for me to be a co-rapporteur for your country: it's really always exciting to come over there and be very well received, and to talk and get lots of explanations.
Let's talk a little about Gagauzia again, if you don't mind. We've just been talking about Bashkan, about its rather special encounters; last year, there were elections with allegations of corruption, particularly in connection with the Șor party. And in fact, my question is: is there now talk of reintegrating the Bashkan into the government, or is that still a problem?
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:18:11
Thank you, Pierre-Alain.
Next question from Mr Besnik TAHIRI.
Thank you very much, Mister President, your Excellency Deputy Prime Minister, let me first of all thank you for the Moldovan contingent that arrived in March this year, this is a great help for our country.
As you are aware, Kosovo is in the process of the application to join this respectable institution, and we have done all the duties that we believed are necessary, and we are in the process to also deliver on several issues that are agreed within the report of Ms Dora BAKOYANNIS.
My question to you, your Excellency, is what is your position on our membership and what would be the vote from your delegation?
Once again, thank you very much for being here and for having such a clear position on the aggression role of Russia against Ukraine.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:19:31
Next question from Ms Béatrice FRESKO-ROLFO.
Thank you, Mister Chairman.
Mister Deputy Prime Minister,
On 3 April, the Court of Chișinău in Rîșcani ruled in its Ciuprin Albina, Kulyk Anhelina v. Agenția Servicii Publice of the Republic of Moldova judgment that same-sex couples in the Republic of Moldova do not have the right to register their marriage.
This contradicts the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in January 2023, which, in its Fedotova v. Russia and Buhuceanu v. Romania judgments, indicates that such a right should exist.
Mister Deputy Prime Minister, how does the Republic of Moldova intend to meet its responsibilities with regard to European human rights principles and ensure that the decisions taken by the European Court of Human Rights are implemented?
Thank you very much.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:20:24
Mr Mihail POPSOI, you have the floor.
Vice-Premier ministre et ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République de Moldova
17:20:29
Dear Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ, I am really glad to see you again and we are always happy to see you in the Republic of Moldova. When it comes to the membership of the Bashkana in the government of Moldova, we would be more than happy to have that happen but as long as the governorship is captured by a pro-Russian organised criminal group that will remain unlikely. We remain open to engaging with our citizens in Gagauz autonomy directly. With mayors, we are providing enormous support through various projects including a big project that we have in Moldova, the so-called European village, where we invest our resources and infrastructure in building water supplies, sanitation, energy-efficiency projects, and Gagauzia has benefited enormously from those projects as well and we will continue to provide every support to our citizens. But we cannot legitimise a criminal group that has hijacked that election through corrupting the voters and there are a number of criminal cases pending in the Moldovan justice system. So the justice system will have to take its time but we are not in a position to welcome in the government a representative of a pro-Russian criminal group and a proxy that is pulling strings and trying to destabilise Moldova thinking that he has nothing to lose and is enjoying perceived impunity while, in Israel, and now presumably in Russia, and we are counting on our partners, including Israel, to be more proactive in making sure that fugitive oligarchs who are a national security threat to the Republic of Moldova do not enjoy this impunity in their jurisdictions.
When it comes to the vote of our delegation tomorrow, we have a separation between parliament and government. I cannot speak on behalf of our delegation of which I was a member. They will be deciding their votes tomorrow but you know well, that for the Republic of Moldova, it is a sensitive topic. We are struggling with the situation in the Transnistrian region, so that is a difficult issue for us. But at the same time, I can only reassure you that we have very good political relations and we were happy to welcome your President at the European Political Community Summit last year in the Republic of Moldova. So it is a work in progress and we wish that you can understand our position.
When it comes to marriage equality, that is also a sensitive topic in the Republic of Moldova, in light of the constant propaganda that we face in trying to articulate a narrative that any attempt to join the European Union is actually undermining our Christian values, that is a narrative that the Russian Federation is pushing quite strongly. But at the same time in the Republic of Moldova, we know that we need to provide support and we need to recognise every citizen of our country and provide them equal standing and equal rights but that needs to happen in a process in which all the citizens or a majority of citizens will support such an undertaking. It takes an effort to educate the public and the public needs to engage more with citizens with different sexual orientations because more often than not, the negative attitude comes from lack of knowledge or ignorance. And if you look at polls in the Republic of Moldova, most Moldovans do not know anybody of a different sexual orientation. So there is this veil of of ignorance for lack of engagement. But there are civil society organisations that are working to make sure that this veil is no longer there. And we certainly support all the undertakings that provide our citizens equal rights, but when it comes to to the recognition of marriages it will take some time till we are in a position to have the majority of support for such a decision. It takes time and you know that for many other countries from our region. We are committed to having this public discussion but for a decision to be taken, it needs to be supported by a majority of the people, and unfortunately, so far there is not a majority for such a decision.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:26:00
Thank you, Minister.
We have only 5 minutes left, so if we're all brief we can have three more questions.
And I'm starting with Ms Zanda KALNIŅA-LUKAŠEVICA.
Thank you, President, and thank you Deputy Prime Minister for your valuable remarks.
As the Assembly's co-rapporteur for Moldova, I know how hard Moldova works to implement all the necessary reforms and it is well noted.
From the experience of my country, I know that the reform process can be sought, nevertheless, it has to be inclusive and transparent to ensure broad support by citizens, which will ensure them the irreversibility of the process. And therefore, my question would be, at this point, if you could share, what is the overall society's acceptance of the reforms taken on your integration path?
So, is it growing day by day, or is it at a very high point already?
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:27:01
Thank you, Zanda.
Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU.
Thank you, President.
And congratulations to the Minister, it's good to see you back here again in another position.
About a year ago the Assembly welcomed your country's far-reaching reforms in the judiciary and in the fight against corruption, and your efforts to consolidate democratic institutions.
We also encouraged Moldova to continue this reform process important for European integration.
From your speech today I understand that you have continued on this road.
So let me ask you, how can this Assembly continue to best support your efforts?
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:27:48
Thank you and now it is Mr Yuriy KAMELCHUK.
No, since he is not here, I will give the floor to Mr Thibaut FRANÇOIS.
Thank you, Mister Chairman.
Mister Deputy Prime Minister,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
At their meeting last December, European leaders agreed to open accession talks with the Republic of Moldova.
Its accession, which is taking place against the backdrop of the conflict in Ukraine, calls for all our vigilance regarding the consequences of such a decision. From an economic and security point of view, the integration of the Republic of Moldova would pose a number of challenges, given that it is affected by a high level of corruption and that the economic level well below that of France, for example.
At a time when the enlargement process is based on compliance with the criteria required for membership of the European Union, could you, Mister Deputy Prime Minister, give us an update on the progress of these reforms?
Thank you very much.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:28:44
Thank you, Mister FRANÇOIS.
And now, Mister POPSOI, you have the floor to answer the questions.
Vice-Premier ministre et ministre des Affaires étrangères de la République de Moldova
17:28:52
Thank you, and in fact basically all the three questions revolve around the same question of reform and progress and achievements that Moldova has gained in the past two years.
And by far the number one reform that we have been undertaking is justice reform. Without an independent, professional and integrity-driven judiciary there is no hope for real economic development, there is no hope for real progress in the Republic of Moldova, and no hope for European aspirations.
So that's the core commitment of our government: to implement justice reform.
And in fact we have significant achievements having vetted already the supreme council of prosecutors and supreme council of magistracy, and now the vetting of the supreme court is going through.
These are extreme measures, but extreme times and extreme problems require extreme solutions. But we have the full support of our partners. The vetting commissions have reputable judges from the EU and the United States and beyond, and Moldovan experts. And one of the best testaments to the effectiveness of this reform is that some of the most corrupt judges from Moldova have not even waitedto be vetted: they just left the system because they knew that they're not going to pass the vetting, so they decided to leave the system overall.
The process will still take some time. Many citizens and we in the government would also would like to see it happen faster, but at the same time we know that such an important undertaking requires time, and you cannot speed up something that is so important and, as our partners say and as we are firmly convinced, that it needs to be quality over speed. Because if you rush things up, especially when it comes to such an important reform, that chances are you are going to end up with half measures and you're not going to end up with the result that the society and the country really need.
So this is the primary reform that we are now in the midst of.
Some of the other important achievements that we have comes with combating corruption. In the past few years we have improved 40 positions in the corruption perception index by the Transparency International. We improved 40 positions in the Reporters Without Borders freedom of the Media.
We do remarkably well when it comes to women's empowerment and participation in politics, we are 26th in the world when it comes to women's participation in politics, and we are doing better than even some EU member states. And we are committed to having an equal representation of women in politics, and we have implemented the double quota. We have now 41% of women in parliament. We have now women represented at a similar level at local and regional councils, after the local elections. So that is an important achievement, and after ratifying the Istanbul Convention we didn't stop there, we created an agency that is actually overseeing the implementation of the Istanbul Convention and being very effective now in combating domestic violence, being very proactive in actually ensuring that prosecution takes place and increasing the number of women that actually ask for help and benefit from the temporary protection orders. So, this robust mechanism is really a testament to our cooperation with the Council of Europe and is really helping us advance when it comes to protection of human rights and empowering women in the Republic of Moldova.
But we also didn't even stop there, we also provide important welfare support including... my colleagues in Parliament worked hard to create more nurseries, because that was one of the main challenges holding women back and not allowing them to return and pursue their careers. Also providing flexibility when it comes to maternity leave: women can choose now to stay a shorter period of time in maternity leave but being paid more as opposed to just the one choice that was there before.
Now women have a lot more choices to adjust to their preferences and to be able to benefit from their career without having the constraints of the earliest system.
So, the Republic of Moldova is making progress despite the enormous challenges that we are facing. We are also making sure that we maintain peace and stability and macro-financial stability in the country.
We are also making sure that we maintain good co-operation with our partners. And we are confident that we will advance on our European path in light of our reform track record, in light of the commitment of our citizens, and in light of the support and mutual openness from our partners in the European Union and member states.
And I'd like to thank you for all your support in this challenging times for the Republic of Moldova and our entire region.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:34:02
So Mr Mihail POPSOI, I want to thank you on behalf of the Assembly for your speech and for answering the questions of our colleagues.
And dear colleagues, the Assembly will hold its next public sitting tomorrow at 2:30 p.m. with the Agenda which was approved this afternoon.
The sitting is adjourned.