jeudi 2 octobre 2025 après-midi
2025 - Quatrième partie de session Imprimer la séanceVidéo(s) de la séance 1 / 1
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:10:33
The sitting is open.
Dear colleagues,
The first item of business this afternoon is a debate under urgent procedure on "Uphold democracy and the rule of law in Georgia", Document 16271, presented by Ms Edite ESTRELA and Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ, co-rapporteurs on behalf of the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee).
We will begin with Ms Edite ESTRELA and Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ. Co-rapporteurs, you have five minutes each now and five minutes in total to reply to the debate later. So, Ms Edite ESTRELA, you have the floor first.
Thank you, dear President,
Dear colleagues,
Georgia is in the midst of a deep political crisis, one driven by contested elections, democratic backsliding, and intensifying confrontation between the ruling party and the opposition.
The resolution we present to you addresses a crisis that can no longer be ignored. The situation in Georgia is of grave concern.
In the resolution we therefore take stock of the developments that have taken place in Georgia since our last debate. We deeply regret that no progress has been made regarding our recommendations. On the contrary, the democratic backsliding has increased.
Despite our repeated warnings, the political and social situation in Georgia has got worse. The authorities seem to be uninterested in dialogue and co-operation. They rejected co-operation with the Venice Commission and the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities.
The Georgian authorities have silenced opposition voices, put in prison journalists and civil society leaders, blocked respected election observers, undermined civil society with restrictive laws.
Laws such as the Foreign Agent Registration Act and the Law on Grants are strangling NGOs, while freezing their bank accounts has left many unable to continue their work. These are not the measures of a government committed to democracy, but of one intent on silencing criticism. Thousands of public servants have reportedly been fired for pro-European Union protest activity.
But perhaps most alarming of all, is the declared intention to ban opposition parties, under the pretext of political investigations. If implemented, this would dismantle pluralism, silence all democratic alternatives, and move Georgia toward a one-party state.
These actions are incompatible with Georgia’s obligations as a member of the Council of Europe. They represent not only a betrayal of democratic values, but a direct challenge to the principles on which this organisation is built.
This deterioration needs to stop, the grave democratic backsliding needs to be reversed, the Assembly’s recommendations and demands need to be implemented without delay.
Meanwhile, the international community has expressed concern. The EU and others have raised alarms about human rights abuses, restrictions on civil society, and erosion of democratic rules.
The Georgian government must reverse its course. It must restore fundamental freedoms, stop political persecution, and re-engage with the Council of Europe in good faith. Dialogue remains possible, but only based on respect for our shared values.
By adopting this resolution, we stand not against Georgia, but with its people, with their right to democracy, pluralism, and hope for a European future.
So, dear colleagues we ask you to support the resolution.
Thank you so much for your attention.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:16:00
Thank you, dear Ms Edite ESTRELA.
Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ, it's your turn now.
Bosnie-Herzégovine, ADLE, Corapporteure
16:16:09
Dear colleagues,
There is no segment of democratic practices in life in Georgia today that does not find itself under enormous, enormous and dangerous pressure. Particularly, we look at one by one the attacks on civil society. We look at the arrest of and the frozen accounts of the civil society organisations. May I remind you that Georgia once had the thriving, most promising civil society in the region that now finds itself on the brink of existence due to the adopted legislation that treats its own organisations as foreign agents.
Furthermore, looking at the elections that are coming up in Georgia on 4 October, local elections, we have zero proof that these elections can be free and fair, considering that they will have no civil society oversight.
First of all, because of the enormous pressure that the Georgian civil society finds itself under. Second, there is no co-operation with international organisations for overseeing elections. The invitation for the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) came too late, preventing meaningful oversight and necessary refusal on the part of ODIHR to take part. And, of course, our very own Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe, which had not been invited to participate in overseeing these elections.
The next element of democratic life in Georgia is its journalists and free press. Again, we look at a field in which journalistic freedoms are stifled, and we continue to see attacks on journalists. We here point out Mzia AMAGLOBELI, who still finds herself under politically motivated charges, still in prison. The number of organisations that find themselves growing, and, as of today, we are talking about over 60 civil society organisations that find themselves under attack and with their bank accounts threatened.
In the end, I want to say, on behalf of me and my dear co-rapporteur, we had reports in January, in April, we had reports, we had discussions in the Monitoring Committee, we now have an urgent debate with the resolution that we invite you to support. This time, we can no longer simply acknowledge the democratic backsliding, but we also need to remind all bodies of the Council of Europe of our joint responsibility to extend a hand to the Georgian people and their access to mechanisms of the Council of Europe, such as, of course, the Venice Commission and the European Court of Human Rights, and invite these bodies to invoke Article 52 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as Article 33 of the Convention, allowing the bodies of the Council of Europe to exert more pressure in order for Georgia to reverse its course in democratic backsliding or the breakdown of democracy that we are witnessing and rejoin us within the paradigm and the values of the Council of Europe and meeting the standards and upholding the responsibilities stemming from the membership of this organisation.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:19:53
Thank you, Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ.
Colleagues, I open now the list of speakers on behalf of political groups. You have two minutes. You know it. Mr Claude KERN, on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.
Thank you, Mr Chairman.
Ladies and gentlemen,
In January 2025, our Assembly decided to suspend certain rights of the Georgian delegation. We wanted to send a strong signal to Georgia, expressing our deep concern about the political situation following the parliamentary elections on 26 October 2024.
The International Election Observation Mission, with a delegation from our Assembly of which I am a member, noted in particular that these elections had been characterised by widespread reports of pressure on voters, highly confrontational campaign rhetoric, a major imbalance in financial resources and an advantage for the incumbent government.
It also highlighted the polarised media environment and expressed concerns about the impartiality and political instrumentalisation of the monitoring body.
Since then, Georgia has continued to deviate from our organisation's standards by violently repressing demonstrations and imprisoning members of the opposition. The Georgian Dream party wants the Constitutional Court to ban the main opposition parties. In addition, it has announced the suspension of accession negotiations with the European Union until 2028, thereby confirming a rapprochement with Russia, in defiance of the European aspirations of a large part of the population. Finally, the government in power is trying to silence civil society and non-governmental organisations by limiting their sources of funding.
We should also be concerned about the growing role of Russia, which is using the government to consolidate its control over Georgia.
Local elections are due to be held in a few days' time, on 5 October. While many of the regime's opponents are now in prison, the opposition has announced that it will not take part in these elections, and the Assembly has not been invited to observe.
Despite the resilience of the Georgian people, the government's desire to break with the past does not give cause for optimism. Georgia could well slide into a form of dictatorship. We must put pressure on the Georgian government to avoid this, and I thank our colleagues Edite ESTRELA and Sabina ĆUDIĆ for helping us to do so!
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:22:15
Thank you, Mister Claude KERN.
On behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left, Mr Berdan ÖZTÜRK.
Türkiye, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe
16:22:22
Thank you, Mister President.
Dear colleagues,
In the parliamentary elections held in Georgia last October, international observers, including the OSCE and our own Assembly, identified serious shortcomings like the misuse of administrative resources, pressure on voters, vote buying and weak oversight. At the same time, they didn't find verifiable evidence of large-scale fraud that would overturn the outcome. For this reason, the results, though followed, were not challenged by the international community.
Nevertheless, in January, this Assembly adopted Resolution 2585, which imposed conditions and restrictions on the Georgian delegation's credentials. Shortly afterwards, the Georgian delegation decided unilaterally to suspend its participation in this Assembly.
The result is a paradox. Georgia continues to be represented in the Council of Europe through the Committee of Ministers, while both government and opposition parliamentarians remain absent from this chamber. This imbalance undermines statutory equality and deprives us of an essential forum for dialogue. We must also remain consistent. With other member states with equally problematic electoral practices, this Assembly didn't apply the same strictness. Selective severity or tolerance damages our credibility and risks being perceived as politically motivated. The only principled way forward is to rely on the complementary joint procedure established between the Assembly and the Committee of Ministers. Applying it fairly and consistently is the best guarantee that our response to democratic backsliding will serve the cause of Europe's founding values.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:24:43
Thank you.
On behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, the leader of the group, Mr Frank SCHWABE.
Allemagne, SOC, Porte-parole du groupe
16:25:00
Dear Mister President,
Dear co-rapporteurs,
Dear colleagues,
The developments in Georgia are most regrettable. Why? Because it was a 180 degree turn from a very good path to the opposite. And it's not just the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe which is speaking about it. If you look at the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, they implemented the Vienna (Human Dimension) Mechanism on the Situation in Georgia. If you look into the Democracy Index 2024 of The Economist Intelligence Unit, we see the fourth largest determination of democracy worldwide.
Because of this, we call on Georgia, with a decision in January, after elections with widespread irregularities, to come back to a fruitful way. This is what we decided. We gave them some, let's say, questions, and they had to come back to answer this, nothing else.
They decided not to come back.
But the opposite happened in the last months. We have to see restrictive changes in laws, increasing prosecution, draconic punishment of demonstrators. We see the imprisonment – this I think we should mention here – the imprisonment of almost all of the main opposition leaders. They expressed it in a letter to us. Others are in exile.
And we saw that we have a Secretary General, Mr Alain BERSET in this organisation, who got the promise from Georgia to work on a plan, to bring Georgia back on the right track. In the end, it was nothing. It was a kind of unloading of the Secretary General. And it is going much further in the wrong direction, away from the United States of America as well from the EU, closer to China and Iran, and in a club with Azerbaijan.
So we urge the Georgian authorities to come back to the European way of democracy, human rights and rule of law.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:27:06
Thank you, Mr Frank SCHWABE.
On behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, Mr Gustaf GÖTHBERG.
Suède, PPE/DC, Porte-parole du groupe
16:27:20
Mister President,
Dear colleagues,
The situation in Georgia is deeply alarming. The political oppression which we observe is not the European way. It is merely a Georgian nightmare, with clear inspiration from the horror playbook of the Kremlin, but still with ongoing arbitrary detentions and jailing of all the political opposition leaders except one, and the brutality and authoritarianism that we see shown by the fraudulent leader Mr Bidzina IVANISHVILI.
The people of Georgia, a vast majority of all ages, all around the country, have shown that they want freedom, rule of law and democracy. They want to use freedom of expression in political campaigns without being thrown in jail. They want to engage in Georgian civil society, which is now facing an unprecedented crackdown, and walk down Rustaveli Avenue without facing police brutality. They want to be Europeans, since they are Europeans, and the Council of Europe and the Parliamentary Assembly must protect them and their rights.
Georgia might not be in the geographical centre of Europe, but the desire of the people is to live and to live free in a democratic country with respect of the rule of law as Europeans. And we hear the protests all the way from the Rustaveli, and Georgia must not be forgotten. This is why action is urgently needed. We note also with concern that Georgia is on Saturday holding local elections. No international observation or observers will be present, the Council of Europe included.
The political persecution, Mister President, must stop. The political prisoners must be released. Independent media guaranteed. Police brutality must be independently investigated and stopped. Action is needed now for Georgia in Europe.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:29:24
Thank you, Mr Gustaf GÖTHBERG.
On behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates, Mr Malte KAUFMANN.
Allemagne, CEPA, Porte-parole du groupe
16:29:33
Mister President,
Ladies and gentlemen,
We are dealing with a report on the situation in Georgia. There is talk of an acute threat to democracy and an erosion of the principles of the rule of law. However, for us in the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates Group, the resolution goes too far on key points and we therefore reject it.
The current situation in Georgia is undoubtedly characterised by profound political and social tensions. But it is precisely in such a situation that we believe it is more important than ever to seek a path of reconciliation and dialogue. The Council of Europe, as the central institution for democracy, the rule of law and human rights in Europe, has precisely this aspiration. It sees itself as a forum in which different interests, political tendencies and historical influences come together and reach a constructive and peaceful solution through dialogue.
Precisely because the Council of Europe stands for human rights and democracy, it is also our task to demand the release of political prisoners, people who are being held because of their convictions or critical views. We demand this from the Georgian government.
However, instead of going for further exclusion, we should, firstly, campaign for the return of the Georgian delegation to the Council of Europe. Secondly, we should accept that the Georgian government was democratically elected by its own people and is therefore legitimately in office. Thirdly, to seek dialogue with all parties in Georgia, both with the opposition and with the government.
I very much hope that we will soon be able to welcome our Georgian colleagues back into our circle, because Georgia is a part of Europe and is sorely missed. Thank you very much.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:31:44
Thank you, Mr Malte KAUFMANN.
Mr Christophe BRICO, you have the floor. Christophe.
Thank you, Mister President,
I will try not to repeat too much of what my colleagues have already said, as much has already been said.
Nevertheless, since October, almost a year now, we in this House have been denouncing Georgia's deviation from the model that we defend here. The municipal elections that are due to take place on 4 October, i.e. Sunday, to which no observers have been invited, in a country where parties have been banned and opposition leaders imprisoned, will not allow us to have a pluralist political landscape as we have in most of our countries. This suggests that Georgia is drifting further and further away from the model to which it signed up when it joined this organisation.
As it happens, Georgian MPs do not sit in this body, but Georgia continues to sit in the other bodies of the Council of Europe, which raises serious questions about the organisation as a whole.
The fact remains that this report once again alerts us to the situation in Georgia, which is becoming increasingly worrying. And it seems to me that we must continue to defend the Georgian people who, in the streets, continue to defend a democratic model to which they have subscribed, a European model to which they have subscribed. And since I have a few seconds left, I would like to take this opportunity to say that even the party in power did not include in its platform the withdrawal from negotiations with the European Union at the time of the elections a year ago.
Thank you very much.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:33:32
Thank you, Mr Christophe BRICO.
Mr José María SÁNCHEZ GARCÍA you have the floor.
Thank you, President.
Let's not fool ourselves. This initiative, along with many others, in this Parliamentary Assembly, is on entirely ideological grounds. It just so happened that some people on one side of the European political spectrum didn't particularly like the outcome of the Georgian elections. However, the Council of Europe cannot sanction violations of human rights. That is not who we are. It would lead to a lack of credibility. We are all well aware of that, because it is actually part of the founding documents of this international organisation. Now, is this part of the Council of Europe's remit; we're not supposed to be engaging in ideological censorship.
This is a matter for member states. For that reason, this is certainly in no way part of the Council of Europe's remit. We cannot determine the political direction of the Georgian nation nor of any other Council of Europe country. This is quite clearly an abuse. I believe that these kinds of initiatives are an abuse of process.
It should actually be ruled out of order, certainly not something the Council of Europe should be engaging in. And that's just the way things are. That is the reality of the situation, and I think we all know that. Basically, this is a response to events in Georgia. But what this is is a bid to subvert the express will of the Georgian people in free elections. I mean, this time around it was in Georgia, but we have seen it in recent times in Romania and elsewhere. People simply won't understand why we have embarked on this process.
If the Council of Europe were to consider that Georgia doesn't respect human rights, then it must expel Georgia. But if Georgia does not comply with the Council of Europe's demands, it can freely leave it.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:36:02
Thank you.
Baroness Sal BRINTON, you have the floor.
Every night since the last election, 308 days ago, thousands of Georgians in at least 8 cities have protested peacefully on the streets to object to Georgian Dream's appalling destruction of their democracy. They also know that Putin's fingerprints are all over every Georgian Dream action.
These marches call out their outrage at Georgian Dream's systematic destruction of everything that represented the rule of law, the constitution, human rights, community and society.
Political leaders are being imprisoned for not participating in a sham parliamentary commission.
Political parties and community and civic society organisations are being silenced by new laws.
The Georgian government waited until it knew it was too late before it asked the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) to bring an election monitoring team to this weekend's regional elections and then boasted that no-one was going to send them on a monitoring team because they didn't have any concerns about the elections!
George Orwell's 1984 would recognise the death of truth here.
Recently, the level of attacks on opponents, whether politicians, artists, or journalists has increased. As have the constitutional changes made without consulting the public.
This report says in no uncertain words to Georgian Dream: stop what you are doing, correct course now and treat your citizens better, return their rights to them. Now.
In the last few seconds, I want to pay tribute to all the citizens using their democratic right to peacefully oppose Georgian Dream, night after night.
We see you. We salute you. And we stand with you.
And many of us already talked to our governments and that's why so many countries have now laid sanctions against individuals in Georgian Dream.
This report and this debate are clear: the Georgian poeple deserves a legally elected government that believes in the rule of law, democracy, and the power of the people.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:38:14
Thank you.
Mr Perran MOON is next.
Meur Ras.
Thank you, Mister President.
It is clear now that the shutters of Georgian democracy are closing down faster than any of us had feared.
When it comes to civil society, what took Vladimir PUTIN 12 years in Russia has taken barely 12 months in Georgia. The very first time I addressed this assembly in January, I spoke about the existential threat facing Georgian democracy. And since then, while the world looks elsewhere, there's been a rapid escalation of suppression. The increasing manipulation of public institutions, the tightening grip on political opposition and the rise in kleptocratic practices suggest that further action is urgently needed.
The escalation of attacks on civil society are demonstrated by the fact that it is not only politicians who are targeted now. Activists, universities, intellectuals, journalists and even NGOs are the targets of this brutal repression.
I reiterated my concerns in June, and since then the United Kingdom has made some progress, most recently announcing new sanctions on Georgian-linked supporters of Vladimir PUTIN's invasion of Ukraine. But with huge sums invested in the city of London, there remains much more for the British government to do. And I read worryingly in the Guardian yesterday the deeply concerning reports of Georgian Dream's links to the Iranian regime.
Recent developments in this dark war are the campaign against NGOs. The so-called Anti-Corruption Bureau has trumped up criminal investigations into several organisations, while the Prosecutor's office has frozen the accounts of other active NGOs under the vague probe into alleged sabotage and state subversion. NGO leaders are now at risk of prison sentences of up to 15 years.
As Vladimir PUTIN's grip on Georgia tightens and civil society continues to deteriorate, I reiterate my profound concern that time is fast running out. The shutters of Georgian democracy are closing. And I ask you to finally consider this question: if it has taken Vladimir PUTIN just 12 months to reduce Georgia's democracy to the state it is today, what state will it be in 12 months time?
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:40:32
Thank you.
Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO.
Is it working? Yes, it's working.
I have a lot of hesitation and unwillingness to speak about Georgia because of my personal private life in the past. But I want to make a confession. If I do care about democracy and human rights, I have to speak today about Georgia, no matter how painful it is for me. I don't want to defend anyone politically, but I want to speak as someone who witnessed, as a young Ukrainian, the very beautiful European journey of Georgia, which was admired in Ukraine for a long, long time.
However, if we look at what is left of those beautiful European aspirations in Georgia now, with European values, almost nothing. And that's very painful, and we have to be looking for answers. Why did it happen for the future, actually, of Georgians? And I believe that one answer is that someone didn't pay attention to long-lasting, strong institutions in Georgia.
And the second answer is Russia, which used Georgia as the first platform to divide society and replace love for Europe with lots of hatred and polarisation between each other. And that's very scary. And that's something that I know personally. I went through it, I felt it, and I don't wish anyone to see it in your societies, how people can hate each other. It's not about political affiliations, it's about the future.
And I want to end by wishing Georgians to find strength for unity, and to forget and leave the past in the past and think about the future with love and unity.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:42:58
Thank you.
Ms Albana VOKSHI, you have the floor.
Thank you.
Dear President,
First, I want to congratulate the two rapporteurs for their excellent work.
When I last spoke in this Assembly, I warned that diplomacy doesn't work with authoritarian leaders. That if we treat regimes like Georgian Dream as if they respect our values, they will only push further.
Sadly, that warning has come true.
The situation in Georgia is worse than when we spoke last time, here, in this Assembly. Since April, the repression has escalated - jailing opposition leaders without evidence. All of them but one are in prison. I want to refer the letter sent by eight opposition leaders who addressed this Assembly from prison, telling us they are jailed for their commitment to European values.
Civil society and the media are under siege. And now, universities are being attacked, including the University of Georgia, accused absurdly of "provoking terrorism" over an EU-funded educational programme.
What is most outrageous? Speaking in this Assembly, to us, is now treated as a punishable offence. Georgia's government prosecutes those who engage with us.
Yet the Georgian people continue to resist - more than 300 days of peaceful protest.
I call on this Assembly to support those people that are not afraid. They fight for freedom.
I call to invoke Article 52 of the Convention, call on members states to make full use of the available instruments.
Authoritarianism won't be defeated by polite words. It requires action, courage, and clarity.
Let us not fail the Georgian people or the values we are here to defend.
Thank you very much.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:45:04
Thank you, Ms Albana VOKSHI.
And that concludes the list of speakers. And I will call now the two co-rapporteurs, Ms Edite ESTRELA and Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ, to reply. You have 5 minutes in total.
Are both of you going to speak, sharing the time?
Okay, Edite, you are first.
Dear colleagues,
I would like to begin by thanking colleagues who participated in this urgent debate on the situation in Georgia.
Despite the different perspectives, we are united in our concern about the political and social crisis that has taken hold in Georgia.
Yes. We are all deeply concerned about the crisis in Georgia.
That’s why we call on the Georgian authorities, as many colleagues did, to reverse course immediately, and to engage in genuine dialogue with all political and social stakeholders. We reaffirm our readiness to engage constructively, but this engagement must rest upon the values and principles enshrined in the Council of Europe’s mandate.
Our will is not to abandon Georgia, but to stand firmly with its people, with those who continue to believe in democracy, human rights and rule of law.
The Georgian people deserve a peaceful and democratic future, and our Assembly should remain dedicated to supporting efforts to achieve this goal.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:47:29
Thank you, Ms Edite ESTRELA.
Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ.
Bosnie-Herzégovine, ADLE, Corapporteure
16:47:34
Dear colleagues,
Thank you for your support and valuable contributions.
In a short response to my dear colleagues from the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates Group, I fully agree. We come from a variety of political cultures and ideologies, and we are here to find joint solutions, peaceful solutions through a democratic process. But I re-emphasise, my dear colleague and I here speak, and as chosen and elected by the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe, and I underline two words: obligations and commitments. And that's what we are here to do, to examine whether member states, in this case Georgia, meet the democratic standards of this institution.
So, this job is not ideological. But I will remind you that democracy is a form of government. So, we are not here to choose the governments of member states. We do not participate in elections of foreign countries. We cannot participate and we do not affect that. But we can ensure and we can evaluate whether they meet the democratic standards of this institution, and whether they meet their obligations and commitments.
And we are devastated to note that that is not the case with Georgia today.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:49:11
Thank you, Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ.
Mr Claude KERN, now in your new capacity, would you like to take the floor?
France, ADLE, Vice-Président de la Commission pour le respect des obligations et engagements des États membres du Conseil de l'Europe (Commission de suivi)
16:49:20
Thank you, Mister President,
Dear colleagues,
This is the fourth time this year that our Assembly has debated the continuing collapse of democracy in Georgia. There has been a challenge from the Georgian delegation, a topical debate, and this is the second time we have had an urgent debate on this country.
All these intentions on the part of the Assembly highlight two things.
Firstly, it shows that despite all our efforts, the decline in democracy has not stopped. On the contrary, it has continued at an increasingly rapid pace, to the point where today the very existence of democracy in Georgia is being called into question, as the draft resolution states.
But all these debates also show that our Assembly really cares about Georgia and the aspirations of the Georgian people to live in a democratic country that respects the rule of law and protects the human rights of its citizens, as well as their aspiration to be a full part of the European family to which they belong. And it pains us to see these aspirations being increasingly flouted and systematically destroyed.
The resolution presented by the Monitoring Committee describes in grim detail the collapse of democracy, the rule of law and human rights in Georgia. At the same time, it reiterates the openness of our Assembly to dialogue should the authorities show a sincere interest in reversing the current trend.
Finally, it also underlines the role that other Council of Europe bodies and even member states can play in reversing the current processes, notably through Articles 52 and 33 of our European Convention on Human Rights.
In conclusion, I would like to thank our rapporteurs, Ms Edite ESTRELA and Ms Sabina ĆUDIĆ, for their hard work in producing this excellent report so quickly, and I ask you to give your full support to the resolution before you.
Thank you for your support.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:51:21
Thank you, Mr Claude KERN.
Colleagues, the debate is closed.
The Monitoring Committee has presented a draft resolution, Document 16271, to which six amendments have been tabled.
They will be taken in the order in which they appear in the Compendium. I remind you that speeches on amendments are limited to 30 seconds.
I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendments 6, 2 and 4 to the draft resolution, which were unanimously approved by the Committee, be declared as definitely approved.
Is that so, Mr Claude KERN? Good.
If no one objects, I will consider the amendments to be approved. Any objections?
No. So the amendments are approved.
I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendment 5 to the draft resolution, which was rejected by the committee with a two thirds majority, be declared as definitely rejected.
Is that so, Mr Claude KERN?
Yes. Okay.
If no one objects, I will consider the amendment to be rejected. Any objections? No.
Amendment 5 is therefore rejected and will not be called.
I understand that Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS wishes to withdraw Amendment 1 in favour of an oral amendment of conciliation. Is that so, Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS?
Yes, absolutely. Yes.
Well, it was included. The same idea was included in the oral amendment. Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:52:57
Okay, thank you.
Amendment 1 is therefore withdrawn.
I have received an oral amendment from the Committee which reads as follows: in Paragraph 8, third sentence, replace the words 'imperils the proper functioning' with the words 'endangers their functioning and existence'.
The sentence as amended would therefore read as follows: The Assembly is therefore seriously concerned about the Georgian authorities' action against NGOs to enforce the controversial Foreign Agent Registration act which endangers their functioning and existence.
In my opinion, the oral amendment meets the criteria of Rule 34.7, paragraph A.
Any opposition to the amendment being debated?
No, that is not the case.
I therefore call Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS.
And who is going to support this amendment? I don't have the name. Is there anybody who would like to support, anyone who wishes to speak against?
The Committee is obviously in favour. I shall now put the oral amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed. I call for the result to be displayed.
The oral amendment is accepted.
Amendment 3. I understand that Mr James MACCLEARY wishes to withdraw Amendment 3 in favour of an oral amendment of conciliation. Is that so, Mr James MACCLEARY? Where is James? Yes. Good. Thank you.
So Amendment 3 is therefore withdrawn.
I have received an oral amendment from the Committee which reads as follows: in paragraph 8, 8th sentence, replace the words 'more than 30' with the words 'at the moment of adopting this resolution, more than 60'.
The sentence, as amended, would therefore read as follows: At the moment of adopting this resolution, more than 60 civil society organisations have been informed that they will be subjected to inspections by the Anti-Corruption Bureau, the independence of which from the executive branch of government has been widely questioned.
In my opinion, the oral amendment meets the criteria of Rule 34.7, Paragraph A.
Any opposition to the amendment being debated?
No. So that's not the case.
Who will support the oral amendment, if there is any?
Who will speak against? No.
The Committee is obviously in favour and they shall now put their Amendment to the vote. The vote is open.
The vote is closed. I call for the result to be displayed.
The oral amendment is agreed.
We will now proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Document 16271, as amended. A simple majority is required.
The vote is open.
Thank you, Mr Pablo HISPÁN.
So the vote is closed and I call for the result to be displayed.
The draft resolution in Document 16271 as amended, is adopted.
Thank you, colleagues.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
16:57:37
So, the next item of business this afternoon is the debate on the report titled "Political parties and democracy", Document 16248, presented by Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU on behalf of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy.
I remind members that the speaking time limit is 2 minutes. In order to finish by 6 p.m., I will interrupt the list of speakers at about 5:45 p.m. to allow time for the reply and the vote. So, Ingjerd.
Dear colleagues, may I have your attention, please?
Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU, Ms Mariia MEZENTSEVA-FEDORENKO, let Ingjerd come down. As Ingjerd is coming to the rostrum, to the front row, I would like to inform you that this is a sad moment, because I know that Ingjerd is going to leave this Assembly. But I would like to say a few words, as I said yesterday, for our colleague Mr Stefan SCHENNACH.
Firstly, Ingjerd, who comes from Norway, since her arrival in the Assembly in 2009, has been one of the most active members of this Assembly. She was Chairperson of her national delegation, Norway. And, dear Ingjerd, you have also been a very active Vice-President of the Assembly, the Chairperson of the Rules Committee, a dedicated and committed member of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy, of the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons, and also of several sub-committees.
Furthermore, Ingjerd had the difficult task of being the general rapporteur on the budget and intergovernmental programme. So, Ingjerd was the author of not less than seven reports, quite a number, and two committee opinions. Some of her reports, such as the one that we all remember on the consequences of the Russian Federation's aggression against Ukraine back in March 2022, just a few days after the war of aggression and the invasion of the Russian army into Ukraine. And Ingjerd contributed to the writing of this House's history, not only with this report, but in general.
More than that, I want to say what I have said for Stefan, what I have said for our former president, Tiny KOX, Ingjerd is a role model for all of us, a role model of integrity and commitment to the European cause that she served with such professional dedication. I consider that I have a good friend there in the North.
Dear Ingjerd, I wish you all the very best for the future activities that you will undertake. And on behalf of all the members of this Assembly, I would like to thank you very much for all your hard, really hard work.
And now you have the floor, if you wish. You know, of course, the procedure, 7 minutes now, 3 minutes later.
No, it's coming. It's coming. So it's okay.
Thank you, President.
I have realised that I'm going to miss the Council of Europe more than the Parliament. And that I really feel it in my heart.
So, thank you for the good words and I wish you all also stay on and keep on with this important work in the Council of Europe. I'll come back to that later in my speech.
Dear colleagues, I am often asked when I take part in debates or political events, a simple but powerful question: what are you most concerned about in the immediate and more and more distant future in Europe and in the world at large? After four decades in politics my answer is clear. My greatest concern is the state of democracy.
Democracy is under pressure. Across our continent, we see the warning signs all around us. Checks and balances are being weakened, media freedom restricted, disinformation and foreign interference are on the rise. Participation is falling, trust in institutions is eroding and polarisation is growing deeper.
There are three broad global trends we should recognise.
First, a crisis of political representation. Too many people feel that democracy no longer speaks for them. I am ever-more concerned by polls that show that majority support for democracy among young people continues to decline.
And the second one is an economic crisis which has to do with the perception that institutions do not take into account the interests of the least advantaged in society, nor deliver for everyone.
And the third is the strain on the international order and multilateralism.
When these trends are put together, I can only draw a stark conclusion. Democracy itself is in danger. The Council of Europe cannot look away. We know this challenge well, and we have already supported the call of the Secretary General for a New Democratic Pact for Europe. But pledges alone are not enough. We must strengthen the institutions that make democracy real, vibrant and resilient.
At the centre of this challenge, President, stand political parties. They are not perfect and they are not always popular, but they are indispensable. Without strong, responsive and inclusive political parties, there can be no real representative democracy, no real pluralism. Parties are the bridge between citizens and institutions. They give shape to political competition. They allow peaceful alternations of power. And they keep pluralism alive in our parliaments. When parties fail, democracy itself falters. But when they succeed, they can be the central motor of democratic renewal.
And here lies the heart of the problem. Across Europe, political parties are struggling to live up to that role. Membership has been shrinking for decades. Fewer and fewer citizens feel connected to parties in any meaningful way. Too often, people look at parties and see only closed circles or institutions that serve themselves rather than the public. This collapse of trust is not a small matter. It strikes at the very foundation of representative democracy. When people stop believing that parties listen, they stop believing that politics matters. Apathy grows, cynicism spreads. And into that space step populists and extremists who promise easy answers but deliver division.
At the same time, as parliamentarians, we know that we and our political parties face serious challenges. We know that we compete in difficult electoral conditions, ones shaped by tough socio-economic realities, rapid technological change and a complex geopolitical environment. Parties cannot solve these challenges alone. But there is a choice, either to retreat into closed structures and short term calculations, or to open up, renew and rebuild trust with citizens.
This resolution, President, is not about defending political parties for their own sake. It's about making them fit for purpose in the 21st century. It is about ensuring that they continue to serve as the cornerstone of representative democracy. We call on political parties to explore new and accessible pathways for citizen participation. We call on them to adopt transparent and inclusive processes for leadership and candidate selection. We call on them to embed gender equality, youth participation and diversity in their statutes and practices. And we call on them to strengthen their integrity and accountability, especially when it comes to financing and relations with donors.
Parties must also adapt to the digital age. They must harness new tools to widen participation. But they must do so responsibly. That means rejecting manipulative campaigning, countering disinformation and supporting citizens in navigating the digital environment with confidence. In short, political parties must become more open, more responsive and more responsible.
Colleagues, the Council of Europe has always stood for democracy, human rights and the rule of law. But democracy cannot survive on principles alone. It needs living institutions that embody trust, integrity and participation. And political parties are such institutions. Colleagues and President, by strengthening them, by reforming them, and by demanding more of them, we can help renew democracy in Europe.
In the end, democracy is not an abstract ideal. It is the way people live together, the trust they place in one another, and institutions that carry that trust forward. Our responsibility is to make sure it stays strong.
Thank you.
Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:09:11
Thank you, dear Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU.
I call now on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Mr James MACCLEARY.
Royaume-Uni, ADLE, Porte-parole du groupe
17:09:22
Thank you, Mister President.
Friends, this report arrives not a moment too soon. Across our continent, faith in political parties is crumbling. Membership rolls are emptying. Foreign cash and online lies poison our debates. Populists feast on public cynicism.
But here's the truth – democracy simply cannot work without robust, transparent politics.
This resolution makes the case clearly: parties aren't museum pieces gathering dust. They're the living, breathing institutions that connect ordinary people to power. When our parties operate openly, when they're genuinely inclusive, when they practice democracy internally – that's when they become our strongest bulwark against extremism and division.
For Liberals, this isn't theory – it's practice. We've consistently championed transparency in political funding. We believe every vote counts equally. We've pushed for greater citizen involvement in the decisions that shape our lives.
We've demanded tougher rules against foreign interference and dark money. We've supported steps to tackle the manipulative advertising and deliberate misinformation corroding our public square.
We need look not further than recent elections here in Europe where misinformation, particularly spread by Russian agents, has had a huge impact on electoral outcomes. And we’ve just had a debate on Georgia, where Russia’s influence has been enormous.
But reform means more than rules and regulations. It's about inclusion too. Political parties must do far better at bringing in young people, women, and underrepresented communities – not as window dressing, but as genuine leaders and candidates.
Political parties must be forces for renewal, not vehicles for narrow self-interest. When we restore trust in our own institutions, we restore trust in democracy itself.
At a time when established parties in Europe are under unprecedented pressure from surging nationalist populist forces many backed by Russia, the stakes couldn't be higher.
Everybody in this room would have been impacted in their own countries in different ways by the way our democracies have been corroded across western Europe in recent months and years.
We are facing unprecedented threats to the future. And for our children and grandchildren, it is up to us to fight for it and stand together in the face of a rising tide of nationalism and populism in all its different forms across the members represented in this room and, indeed, across the world more broadly.
We’ve seen in the United States the impact of the corrosion of the key pillars of democracy – the rule of law, respect for electoral outcomes and respect for journalists and the role they play on our democratic process – had on the political discussion there, and that has been transmitted across the Atlantic. And we, in the UK, are seeing the outcomes of that right now.
But I remain optimistic about our democratic future. But in the end, we need to be ready to fight for it. Friends, I commend this report to you.
Thank you very much.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:12:20
Thank you very much.
I now call Mr George LOUCAIDES from the Group of the Unified European Left. The floor is yours. Thank you.
Chypre, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe
17:12:31
Thank you very much, Mister Chair.
Dear colleagues,
Let me begin by thanking our rapporteur for an excellent and timely report. Our group fully supports its conclusions.
Yet, I would like to stress one essential point. The erosion of trust in political parties and institutions is not a theoretical problem. It is the lived experience of millions of Europeans who feel that politics no longer delivers for them. Citizens are tired of promises. What they ask from us is not more declarations, but concrete results.
And their expectations, while diverse, converge on a single fundamental demand: the right to a dignified life for themselves and their families. This means secure jobs, strong labour and social rights, affordable housing, quality public education, accessible healthcare and social protection. Unless our institutions can guarantee these rights in practice, no amount of speeches will restore faith in democracy.
That is why, in our group, we insist that political parties must place equality and social justice at the centre of their programmes and actions. Only by delivering real, tangible improvements to people's lives can we reverse the crisis of legitimacy that our democracies face.
Finally, allow me to conclude with a concrete proposal on behalf of the Unified European Left. Next year marks the 65th anniversary of the European Social Charter. We believe the Assembly should seize this opportunity to reaffirm its centrality for our common social model and launch a renewed political commitment to make its rights fully justifiable and enforceable across our continent.
Thank you very much.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:14:31
Thank you to Mr George LOUCAIDES.
Now I call Ms Saskia KLUIT in front of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group. The floor is yours.
Pays-Bas, SOC, Porte-parole du groupe
17:14:38
Thank you very much.
I want to thank Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU for preparing this wonderful report. We underline the challenges and responsibilities highlighted and we will miss her wonderful contributions to this Assembly.
Across Europe and in my own country, intolerance is gaining ground. Paradoxically, a tolerant society must be very intolerant of intolerance if it is to defend itself. Only by doing so can we safeguard a free and open Europe.
Parties are meant to mobilise citizens, nurture political talent, create spaces for debate and exchange, and remain indispensable vehicles for democratic participation. We must take concrete measures to ensure that parties are protected, supported and strengthened, and the report argues that too.
My group has strong democratic traditions. Beginning with bringing exploited labour workers to parliaments in the whole of Europe in the 20th century, bringing voting rights to people with little means and to women. In this, we brought the street to the houses of power.
In the 20th century we fought for labour rights, brought the workers better wages, healthier working conditions and safer houses. In in the 21st century we bring climate, gender and human rights activists to parliaments to solve the problems that some of us like to ignore.
How do we change a society? By having strong democratic institutions and fostering a strong democratic ethos within our parties. All of us have stood for heated rooms full of members to defend our proposals to them.
Only parties that foster truly democratic dialogue can protect a strong democratic ethos in a country. In the Netherlands, the largest party in the House of Representatives has only one member. This extremist-right formation is not a genuine party. No members but the leader. No debates in this party, no political participation, no discussion.
So this is not the way to go. Let this Assembly be the place where we draw a clear line. Democracy must be defended with facts, words and deeds. And let's speak out loud today and support this report.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:16:59
Thank you.
And I call Ms Denitsa SACHEVA on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Porte-parole du groupe
17:17:07
Thank you, Chair.
Honourable colleagues,
First, let me congratulate Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU for her foresighted report and pay the tribute to her 16 years of devoted service to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, during which she was a remarkable teacher to many of us.
The representative democracy is facing a profound crisis. Across Europe, election outcomes reveal growing mistrust of institutions and mainstream parties. Political parties have started to lose their role as public mediators, leaving a vacuum often filled by actors who exploit fear, disinformation and conspiracy. This corrodes our democracies.
The 2025 Edelman Trust Barometer underlines this crisis: a record number of people believe leaders deliberately mislead them, and six in 10 citizens report grievance – the sense that governments and businesses favour narrow interests over the needs of ordinary citizens.
To reverse this trend, we must restore legitimacy, both in how parties function and in how they are held accountable.
First, parties must be transparent, ethical and inclusive. They cannot remain closed clubs for elites. They must open their doors to women, youth and disadvantaged groups, become real schools of democracy where citizens' voices matter not just on election day, but in the day-to-day life of the party.
Second, we must insist on strong parliamentary scrutiny. A democracy without oversight is a democracy without brakes. Parliaments must ensure that governments justify their policies.
Third, we must adapt responsibly to the digital age. Social networks and digital platforms can help parties reach broader audiences and especially young people, but parties must not only inform citizens; they must involve them in decision making.
We must rebuild parties grounded in transparency, ethics and inclusion, and ensure parliaments are vigilant, capable and fearless.
Our duty is not to sacrifice values to populism, but to keep them at the core of our political work.
Thank you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:19:12
Thank you very much.
I call Mr Dmytro NATALUKHA from Ukraine on behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates group. The floor is yours.
Ukraine, CEPA, Porte-parole du groupe
17:19:24
Distinguished guests and colleagues,
This report wants to be a manual for revitalising political parties. It speaks with admirable civility about youth engagement, transparency and digital primaries. It reads very well on paper. It would make a lovely brochure. It would also, I'm afraid, make a terrible defence manual.
Why? Because, and here I must be blunt, it studiously refuses to look at the largest and most dangerous elephant in the room. The deliberate capture and weaponisation of political parties by authoritarian regimes. Political parties today are not merely fragile institutions of representation that require gender quotes or youth participation. In the hands of authoritarian regimes, they are weapons. Weapons sharper than tanks, more corrosive than propaganda, and often more effective than an army.
This report talks of strengthening democratic culture. Very good. But what use is democratic culture when political parties themselves can be transformed into machines of hybrid warfare? When parties are infiltrated, bankrolled or openly commanded by regimes that care nothing for democracy, only for domination? We know the examples. Entire ruling parties that do not represent citizens but manage them. Parties that do not contest elections but choreograph them. Parties that do not legislate but rubber stamp wars of aggression. Parties that, instead of shaping public debate, import convicted terrorists, warlords, smugglers, even mercenaries into their ranks. Two words: Yedinaya Rossiya.
United Russia is precisely such a party. A party that has voted to introduce the armed forces on the territory of other sovereign states in 2008, in 2014, in 2022, it's one of such parties. And to speak of internal party democracy while ignoring these realities is like discussing the arrangement of deck chairs on the Titanic while refusing to mention the iceberg. And yet, this report contains not a single serious line about what happens when political parties cease to be instruments of representation and become instruments of terror. When parties are used to launder aggression, to normalise expansionism, to export imperialism. My group, the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates, support the spirit of revitalising democracy. But democracy without security is like a state without borders. We know just one such country. "Wherever a Russian soldier sets foot, that's ours", said Vladimir PUTIN in June 2025. So, colleagues, democracy is not destroyed in one dramatic moment.
Thank you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:21:52
Thank you very much.
We now go to the individual speakers list. I call now Mr Richard BAKER. The floor is yours.
Thank you.
Dear colleagues,
How often do we hear "what's the point of joining a political party, what’s the point even of voting? It won’t change anything. Politicians only serve their own interests."
Of course, political parties have a vital role in challenging these views. By ensuring our parties are inclusive and connected to our communities, we can build trust and participation.
But we also need to recognise the scale of the challenge we face due to the actions of extremist parties and bad actors, who seek to undermine the rights we cherish in this Assembly. We must value freedom of speech and political views, democratic principles this assembly has always defended.
But this important report shows how political debate as never before is being manipulated through misinformation and fanning the flames of intolerance. In the United Kingdom a racist advert promoted by the extreme right-wing party Reform attacking the Scottish Labour leader Anas SARWAR because of his Pakistani heritage, was on Facebook for two weeks, viewed by over half a million people, and yet no action was taken to remove it. We also know social media algorithms are being used to drive people towards divisive messaging, often used for the purposes of foreign interference in our democracies.
This is why the UK/EU Security and Defence Partnership includes a section on joint work to counter information manipulation and interference, because these threats are shared across Europe.
We must work with civil society, trade unions and now through our New Democratic Pact for Europe to promote political education. But as we face challenges to our democracies which could never have been foreseen when the Venice Commission was first established, we must ensure we have the regulatory tools in place to guarantee inclusive political debate, counter misinformation and protect the rights this Assembly holds dear.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:24:00
Thank you to Mr Richard BAKER.
And now I call Mr Christophe BRICO from the European People's Party Group. The floor is yours.
Thank you, Mister Chairman,
Sorry, my apologies.
I'd just like to say a few brief words to congratulate Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU on her excellent report.
These are important subjects, some of which we have just discussed this afternoon in the ad hoc Committee on the New Democratic Pact for Europe.
Finding ways to improve the involvement of our fellow citizens in the democratic life of their countries remains, I think, one of the objectives of these institutions, so I will support this report.
I think the main points have already been made by all my colleagues, and I would like to thank Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU once again for all her work and support. And, on a personal note, for her support to me since I joined the institution.
Thank you, Ingjerd.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:25:16
Thank you very much.
I now call Mr José María SÁNCHEZ GARCÍA. Is he present? I don't see the badge.
If not, then I call Ms Bernadeta COMA. The floor is yours.
Mister President,
Dear colleagues,
I would like to express my full support for the report presented by Mrs Ingjerd Schie SCHOU, which highlights the fundamental role of political parties for the future of our democracies.
Parties are one of the pillars of representative democracy. They give citizens a voice, structure public debate and contribute to opinion-forming. However, in several member states, their role has been undermined and they face new challenges.
The first challenge is to restore confidence. Political parties need to be more transparent, both in their internal workings and in the financing of political life.
The second challenge is to encourage broader participation in political life, particularly among young people. Parties must therefore adapt, open up new channels for dialogue, particularly digital ones, and combat the disinformation that threatens our democratic societies.
Finally, the third challenge is that of representativeness: a solid democracy must reflect the diversity of our societies, a diversity of genders, ages, origins and sensibilities.
In this respect, the experience of my country, Andorra, shows how essential it is to encourage the participation of the younger generations and ensure balanced representation of the whole of society.
In a European context marked by geopolitical tensions and democratic setbacks, the parties also have a particular responsibility: to defend the fundamental values of the Council of Europe, human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
Ladies and gentlemen, strengthening democracy means strengthening political parties. But to do so, they must renew themselves, open up and respond to the legitimate expectations of citizens. This is how we can restore confidence and guarantee the future of our democratic institutions.
Thank you all very much.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:27:51
Thank you very much.
Now I call Mr Sigurður Helgi PÁLMASON. The floor is yours.
Mister President,
As parliamentarians, we carry a special responsibility: to protect democracy, not only in this Assembly but in each of our member states. We all know that democracy is fragile. We see declining participation, weakening trust, and growing polarisation. These are warning signs we cannot ignore as we have seen them before.
This report makes it clear that political parties stand at the centre of this challenge. They are not relics of the past but the foundations of representative democracy. And we, as elected members, must ensure they serve their purpose. That means listening carefully to our citizens, reacting to their concerns, and showing them that their voices shape policy.
But listening is not enough. The way we engage matters. Dialogue with citizens must be done with respect, respect for their experiences, for their frustrations, and for their hopes and dreams. Without that respect, trust erodes. With it, trust can be rebuilt.
We must strengthen transparency, safeguard integrity, and keep politics open to youth, to women, to minorities, to all voices that too often feel excluded. By doing so, we protect not only the credibility of our institutions, but also the very culture of democracy itself.
Colleagues, our task is clear: we must be guardians of trust, builders of dialogue, and defenders of pluralism. In this way, we ensure that democracy in Europe does not merely survive, but thrives.
Dear Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU, I salute you with the utmost respect.
Thank you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:29:57
Thank you very much.
Now I call Mr Mihail MITOV from Bulgaria.
Dear colleagues,
As a young national representative of Bulgaria, I welcome this important debate on political parties and democracy.
While we live in times of rapid technological changes, social media and algorithm-driven communications are transforming how people engage with politics. While these technologies connect us, they also create radical social communities in the online space. They increase separation, weaken critical thinking and threaten democracy.
The spread of disinformation contributes to radicalisation among people and undermines trust in institutions. As such, technology risks becoming a weapon against democracy instead of a tool to strengthen it.
Political parties are the mediators between people and institutions on both a national and international level. However, the political system is not yet prepared to respond to the new demands and expectations shaped by the digital reality. This raises an important question. What is the role of young people in contemporary democracy?
Youth participation in politics is crucial for the protection of democracy. As such, political parties must ensure meaningful representation and minority inclusion in order to promote leaders and mediators who represent each part of society.
Bulgaria offers a clear example, and after four years of political crisis and seven consecutive elections, we have overcome instability. Today, the country is governed by a minority coalition united against populism. The government is created in order to restore the trust of society, to solve issues and to improve our European perspective. Encouragingly, it includes the highest number of young representatives in our history, proof that Bulgarian parties are open to the new generation.
And to sum up, the digital age includes those parties that are inclusive to young people. And, if we want to regain trust and ensure democracy, we have to be ready for the future.
Thank you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:32:21
Thank you very much.
Now I call Mr Murat Cahid CINGI from Türkiye. The floor is yours.
Dear Chair,
Dear Colleagues,
As the report rightly suggests, the erosion of trust in political parties and the rise of political polarisation are key drivers of democratic backsliding in Europe. This is exacerbated by widespread disillusionment among citizens who feel unheard and ignored. Many believe politicians are out of touch, unresponsive and unable to solve problems or keep promises.
Politicians often intensify this disconnect by prioritising their image and using populist rhetoric, which distracts from pressing issues. They fail to engage meaningfully with the public, neglect citizen input in policy making and consequently lose trust. When traditional parties offer no compelling solutions, voters turn to alternatives, however radical or impractical.
This dynamic has fuelled the rise of far-right populist parties, which replace inclusive debate with an “us versus them” mindset and label segments of society as enemies and root causes. Their divisive rhetoric undermines common ground, deepening societal rifts, harming not just opposition but entire communities, especially minorities.
These parties erode trust essential for a healthy democracy, creating a hostile, dysfunctional environment where compromise is seen as weakness. As distrust grows, many citizens disengage from politics. When political parties fail to represent everyone, democracy is at risk.
I believe stricter rules alone are not the solution. Raising political and democratic awareness, we must empower citizens. An informed public is the best defence against apathy, manipulation, disinformation and polarisation.
Thank you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:34:43
Thank you very much.
I now call Mr Yuriy KAMELCHUK from Ukraine. The floor is yours.
Thank you, Mister Chair.
Distinguished colleagues,
At the heart of democratic life, there have always been political parties – as instruments of representation, as intermediaries between citizens and government, and as arenas for public dialogue. Yet today in Europe, we witness a profound crisis of trust in parties: declining membership, growing political apathy and suspicions of corruption and foreign influence.
Political parties remain the cornerstone of functioning democracy: they shape electoral programmes, prepare political leaders and channel public interests into legislation. Without them, parliaments cannot work effectively, and changes of power cannot take place peacefully.
But for this to be true, parties must adapt and renew themselves.
Parties must be opened up for broader participation: simplified forms of membership, transparent procedures for electing leaders, stronger involvement of local organisations and links with civic movements.
Strict rules of financing are essential – donor transparency, control of foreign contributions and sanctions for violations. Internal codes of conduct and conflict-of-interest regulations must become the standard.
Parties are not merely electoral machines; they must be schools of democracy: platforms for citizens, spaces for political education and forums for debate. Especially in times of polarisation, they play a crucial role in uniting society.
In our time, parties cannot ignore technology: online consultations, ethical digital campaigning and transparency in online advertising. At the same time, they must defend themselves against manipulation, micro-targeting and foreign interference.
Colleagues, democracy does not exist only on election days – it lives between them, in the daily work of parties and their constant engagement with citizens. Reforming political parties means reforming the very connective tissue of democracy. If we do not strengthen them today, tomorrow may be too late.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:36:56
Thank you very much.
Now I call Mr Gerardo GIOVAGNOLI. Is he here? I don't see him.
If not, I call Ms Victoria TIBLOM from Sweden. Yes, the floor is yours.
Thank you Mister President.
And thank you rapporteur Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU for an excellent report that could not be timelier.
Many of our democracies are experiencing declining voter participation in elections. Then there is "fake news", aiming to sow distrust between our citizens and nations. And corruption scandals and other serious threats. Indeed, we are now facing an existential threat as democracies, in the form of an illegal invasion by a nearby dictatorship into one of our member countries.
The report’s purpose is to highlight how essential strong and varied political parties are to the good functioning of the very foundation of our democracies, namely the representative system. The parties are there to argue and criticise each other, to gain sympathies and hopefully get more votes at the expense of other parties.
Let’s just imagine for a terrible moment, that President Vladimir PUTIN's Russia was to get a hold over Free Europe. A Russia that only has one commanding person with total power and control over everything and everyone. A Russia that sends anyone who dares oppose it and form a political party to the Gulag, and eventually kills them, think Alexei NAVALNY. A Russia which now is also, through a new law officialised the other day, putting anyone in prison for simply reading a government-critical article on the internet.
So, in conclusion, let’s rejoice when parties quibble, when they quarrel heartily in the media. In a way, they are doing it for us, for our democracy.
Let me finish with some famous words by Voltaire.
”I disapprove of what you say, but i will defend to the death your right to say it.”
Thank you, Mister President.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:39:19
Thank you, Ms Victoria TIBLOM.
I call Baroness Ruth HUNT. The floor is yours.
In a hyper-informed world, where the news cycle resets every eight seconds, political parties are no longer setting the agenda; they are scrambling to survive it. Commentary and criticism swirl constantly, yet instead of treating it as engagement, some parties on the left and right regard it as a threat and don't know how to react.
And into this weakness steps authoritarianism. Authoritarian leaders do not engage, they impose. They rise above the noise, they declare what’s true, they give people the dangerous comfort of clarity. They tell citizens: forget compromise, forget nuance, follow me. And too many listen.
Meanwhile, our parties, on the left and right, twist themselves into shapes to mimic a slippery, shifting “majority” they can never pin down. They risk chasing moods instead of convictions, culture wars instead of purpose. Some find themselves cosplaying the policies they think will resonate, but do so without conviction or authenticity, drifting ever further from their core identity.
This is not a party crisis alone; it is a crisis of democracy. Because when parties hollow out, the ground is left clear for authoritarians to claim.
If parties are to remain in service to the people, they must fight differently. Not as relics of the past, but as players in this new world. They must stand for something, build coalitions, seek compromise, and prove that democracy is stronger than unrealistic certainty and always the antidote to fear.
Thank you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:41:15
Thank you very much, Baroness Ruth HUNT.
Now I call Ms Arusyak JULHAKYAN for Armenia. The floor is yours.
Thank you, Chair.
Dear colleagues,
Political parties are extremely important for democracy. Democracies can't function without them. But it is much more important that political parties speak and work for democracy. Parties which tolerate or normalise the restriction of civil liberties, the use of extraordinary powers in their interests, not only weaken pluralism but also open the door to authoritarian retreat.
It's important to emphasise the present danger. Many of our countries, including Armenia, are actively facing anti-democratic parties backed by external authoritarian forces that seek to undermine and distort our political life.
These efforts take various forms: financing, disinformation campaigns and the use of international platforms to legalise anti-democratic actors, up to the use of connections available at this Assembly. And we must discuss how we are going to combat those threats.
A free, transparent and competitive party system plays an indispensable role. Transparency is a prerequisite for political legitimacy. Political parties cannot claim to represent the people if these people cannot see who funds these parties, who pays for policies and who stands behind.
Internal democracy is also of crucial importance for parties. How the governing body of a party is elected, how the electoral lists within the parties are generated, all this shows the level of internal democracy of a party. And if a party is not democratic internally, then how can it bring democratic development to the country while exercising power?
Political parties also have a huge role in raising public trust and confidence in the political system. For this, it is necessary that the parties develop and adopt codes of conduct for their members, which should include integrity-related provisions.
Dear colleagues, despite the existing challenges, we must stay committed to protecting and strengthening democracy, human rights and the rule of law, as well as ensuring financial and public transparency of political parties and a multiparty, competitive political field.
Thank you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:43:41
Thank you.
And now I call for Ms Shelby KRAMP-NEUMAN from Canada. The floor is yours.
Colleagues,
It is often said that political parties are the "gatekeepers" of democracy. They have a fundamental and unique role in democratic processes.
First, let me share a few interesting results from recent public opinion surveys conducted in our country, Canada. Canadians seem to place a particular importance in their political institutions, as we are consistently polling as having more faith in our processes when compared to our peers, but even the ever-present Canadian optimism is showing signs of distrust in our system.
According to a 2023 survey by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the OECD, 40% of Canadians believe that their political system allows people like them to have a say in what the government does. This proportion is 10 percentage points higher than the average across all OECD countries.
As well, almost half of people in Canada – or 46% – trust that our Parliament can balance the needs of different groups in our society. This proportion is also 10 percentage points higher than the OECD average.
Although trust in our political system is relatively high compared to other countries, in recent years the level of satisfaction with the way democracy works in Canada has been declining. The 2023 AmericasBarometer survey shows that Canadians' satisfaction with democracy is currently at the lowest since the survey began in 2010.
Political parties can increase their efforts to reverse that trend.
In Canada, surveys consistently show that political parties are among the least trusted political public institutions.
Increasing citizens' engagement in political parties is, I believe, central to boosting trust in political public institutions.
Engagement in party activities also helps build long-term connections to politics and, more broadly, to democracy itself.
I would like to emphasise that our discussion on this topic is timely. We are witnessing a reshaping of the international political ecosystem and a global democratic decline.
To be resilient in the face of this rapidly changing environment, we must ensure that our political parties continue to engage with all voters in discussions about democracy and demonstrate that their voices are all heard.
Thank you. Merci.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Thank you, Mister President.
And thank you, dear Ingjerd for this timely report, but also for the long years of dedicated work in our organization.
There is little chance that any one will not notice or not be concerned about the fall of democracy, faced not only in Europe, but also at different parts of the world. And the role of parties is vital in challenging this tendency. Surely I am talking about those who share the concerns about democracy being in danger and not those in fact very much creating those threats. We experience declining public trust in institutions and rising polarization.
To rebuild trust, parties must embody integrity and transparency.
In recent years, my country's Parliament has adopted a number of legislative changes not only in the law on political partie, but also electoral and criminal codes to improve fight against corruption, ensure greater transparency and inclusive participation.
Among the recommendations of the report are adoption of transparent, participatory mechanisms for leadership and candidate selection. From legal obligation to real life implementation, I find important to mention the recent party congress of my party – Civil contract party – during which the 20 members of the Party board were elected by around 1 000 delegates of the party followed by very competitive internal campaign with fair, transparent and strict rules for everyone. Another achievement for me is the internal statutory provision for gender quota in the electoral lists for my party, which is 30 per cent for now, and we still work on it.
While our party has been adhereing the legal provisions for funding transparency, some of the parties in our parliament seem to bypass these provisions and exactly these days again discussions are ongoing on the necessity to further amend the existing legislative gaps to address these issues. And finally, the internal code of conduct, long discussed in our still young party is soon to be adopted.
Once again, thank you for the well-worked report, Ingjerd. Both individually – each within our party – and collaboratively – we can rebuild the trust towards our parties and hence strenghten democracy.
Thank you.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Dear colleagues,
Democracy begins to deteriorate when elections fail to change the country's ruling power. Today’s Armenia, in this sense, is the most striking example of democracy's failure to reach maturity. Democratic procedures are formally preserved, but democracy is perceived as the winner's right to rule without restraint. There is a disturbing process, resulting in three unacceptable trends.
First, the monopolization of power, in which political competition disappears, and democracy itself turns into a ritual where the outcome is predetermined. Thanks to the efforts of the ruling majority the National Assembly of Armenia has failed to act as a forum for political debate and compromise. Guided by a "winner takes all" attitude, the current political system excludes the opposition forces from meaningful participation in decision-making process and governance.
Second, dominance in all spheres of life, meaning that the ruling party is attempting not to limit itself to the political sphere, but to achieve a dominant position in all areas. Influence on the media, culture, education, and even the church; an atmosphere is created where alternative opinions are effectively excluded from public life. Local authorities and universities are pressured into submission.
Third. Control over independent institutions, which means instead of a separation of powers, a vertical power structure is formed in which all institutions are subordinated to the interests of the majority. At the same time, the judicial system is used for political persecution; independent commissions and regulators serve the interests of the majority. The consequence: checks and balances vanish and dissent becomes punishable.
Dialogue, consensus, and tolerance are disappearing, and democracy is turning into its opposite. People are not found guilty by a judicial investigation and court judgment, but are appointed as such from political stages. This resulted in shameful trials of religious leaders, a growing number of politically motivated prosecutions, and the misuse of private property.
Mister President,
I call on our Assembly to focus not only on elections, but on how majorities exercise their mandate. Democracy dies not only when elections are cancelled or stolen, but also when the ruling party ceases to act democratically.
Majority of Armenian parties need support to evolve into genuine guarantors of democracy, to acquire a true culture of political responsibility in order to avoid further division of society and weakening of the state. They need to fill the ideological gap and build strong social ties, without undermining trust and weakening the democratic fabric. Democracy cannot mature without stronger parties.
Thank you.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Honourable Assembly,
I begin my remarks by recognizing and congratulating all those who participated in the elections held in the Republic of Moldova. These legislative elections, through their transparent process and positive results, have demonstrated exemplary commitment and effort, setting a standard that has transcended borders and become a model to follow around the world.
I would also like to highlight that Mexico upholds the democratic values of the Council of Europe. We share the Council's belief that human rights, equality, and the protection of children must always be guaranteed. We therefore support the promotion of these rights through international agreements, such as the Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence, and the Convention on Cybercrime, among others. These instruments strengthen democratic values and help reinforce the rule of law.
In today’s world, the resilience of our democracies, societies, and economies is constantly being tested. Our shared values are what unite us and make us stronger in our fight for a fair and necessary democracy.
We must work together, supporting and participating in international initiatives to promote the democracy we all strive for, engaging with bodies such as the United Nations (UN) and the Organization of American States (OAS). Social inequality and corruption must no longer be obstacles to achieving this goal.
To that end, we must promote the principles of fairness, freedom, and competitiveness in elections.
It is important to note that as citizens continue to demand their rights and actively participate in political life, the future of democracy will depend on its ability to address current challenges and build a more representative system.
Democracy must be a political system that ensures the fundamental rights of citizens and promotes active participation in decision-making. This requires the implementation of concrete measures to improve democratic quality in our countries, measures such as transparency, accountability, and justice. Through these efforts, we can achieve democratic excellence worldwide.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Dear President, esteemed colleagues,
Democracy is not just about casting votes every few years. It is about protecting citizens’ rights every single day. And political parties are the guardians of this principle. They give people a voice, transform demands into policies, and ensure governments are accountable.
Political parties are essential to representing people’s will in every democracy. They unite millions who share common values. However, repression of political parties in various countries, including Türkiye, has obstructed the consolidation of democracy. Although we are the main opposition, my party currently faces overwhelming political repression through a controversial judicial process. What’s tragic is that many members of the ruling party once suffered similar injustice. I hope the Republican People’s Party will win the next democratic elections in Turkey and set an example by respecting democracy, not seeking revenge for past wrongs.
Democracy is strong only when respected. Today in our country, elected mayors, among them Mayor of the Metropolitan City of Istanbul, Ekrem İMAMOĞLU, face imprisonment instead of recognition. This is not only unjust to our mayors; it violates the people’s right to be represented. When the ballot box is ignored, democracy weakens.
Our party does not and will never accept this. We stand firmly with our mayors, local leaders, and citizens. We defend the principle that sovereignty belongs unconditionally to the people, not to fear, oppression, or political games.
Dear Colleagues,
Democracy is built on hope, not anger or greed, on unity, not division, and it serves people, not parties.
We, as the Republican People’s Party, will continue to fight for justice,freedom, and equality. We believe in a Türkiye where democracy is a living reality in every city, village, and home.
Thank you.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Dear colleagues,
First of all, I would like to thank the rapporteur for her work on this important issue. This is a topic that is also highly relevant for my country today.
Political parties enable citizens to organize around their views and values.
In real democracies, political parties compete, present their ideas, and the people choose which one they prefer, and governments can be changed through elections. When there is genuine competition of ideas, political parties seek public support. And those who seek public support are compelled to listen to the needs of the people. This is how politics becomes less about personal interests and more about solving people’s problems. However when power is concentrated in a single centre and party competition is restricted, the main agenda of politics shifts toward preserving and expanding that power.
In the past, the closure of political parties through politicized court decisions, has caused serious harm to democracies.
Today, however, authoritarian regimes no longer rely solely on party bans, they use new tools, such as appointing government trustees in place of elected officials.
Authoritarians like to destroy democracy while pretending it still exists. They allow the appearance of opposition, but only as long as it stays within the limits they set. They imprison presidential candidates. They interfere with the internal affairs of other political parties, take sides, and even find a “suitable” judge to appoint a trustee to the party leadership. They look for useful political actors who will offer minimal opposition.
This is what has been happening in Türkiye.
Political parties are vital tools for ensuring that the voices of the people are heard by politicians, and for building an organized society.
This is true in established democracies, and even more so in countries where democracy is under threat.
Thank you.
Speech not pronounced (Rules of Procedure, Art. 31.2), only available in Italian.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Dear Colleagues,
We are told that political parties are the pillars of democracy. Yet across Europe and beyond these pillars are cracking under the weight of distrust, exclusion, and the corrosive influence of money in politics. Parties should be vehicles for collective emancipation, for giving voice to the silenced, the marginalized, and the oppressed. Instead, they often dominated by political elites, interests of big business, or wealthy donors.
The report rightly identifies declining membership and citizen disengagement. But let us be honest: people are not simply apathetic. They feel betrayed because they see parties failing to represent their struggles. They see promises of justice replaced by policies of austerity. They see that instead of fair income distribution, retirees and the unemployed are increasingly excluded from the wealth. They see the language of democracy used to mask decisions taken far from their communities.
We must demand parties that are not closed clubs but open, participatory movements. Internal democracy is not a luxury, but it is a necessity. Transparency in financing is not an option, but it is the minimum requirement for legitimacy. And inclusivity means more than symbolic diversity; it means real power for youth, minorities, and those on the economic margins.
Across Europe, authoritarian and populist tendencies are rising. In my country, Türkiye, as you know, opposition parties continue to face harassment, repression of expression, and judicial pressure simply for daring to challenge the ruling order.
If we want democracy to survive, parties must be reclaimed by citizens, not captured by capital or crushed by repression. Only then they will regain their legitimacy.
Thank you.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
I thank the rapporteur for this excellent report.
Over the centuries, stretching back to the Magna Carta, men and women have struggled long and hard for the right to vote. The report reminds me of the efforts of the Chartists, the Suffragettes and others in their fight to advance and widen participation in our democracy. We must now take the next steps to protect our democracy from bad actors and the continued erosion of trust and participation.
The report sets out four vital areas for renewal; strengthening representation, safeguarding integrity, promoting integration, and ensuring digital responsibility. Each speaks directly to the challenge we face in the UK today.
The Labour Government has published “Restoring Justice in Democracy”, a strategy through which we will futureproof democracy, uphold our values, and protecting our elections against interference.
As recommended by this report, we are working hard to rebuild trust. We are expanding voting rights to 16 and 17 year olds, broadening the forms of identification people can use to vote, and reforming the House of Lords by removing hereditary peers. We are also reorganising local government to make it more accountable and responsive to constituents like mine in Northampton South and the wider South Midlands region, ensuring they feel their voices are heard.
To safeguard integrity, we have introduced lobbying reform, created a new independent Ethics and Integrity Commission with the power to sanction elected members, and are strengthening controls on political donations to prevent foreign influence. These steps will restore confidence and show that politics serves the public interest, not the private powers who operate in the shadows.
But colleagues, we must act quickly. The decline in trust is being exploited.
In Britain, Reform UK has made it their mission to deepen that mistrust. They do not just criticise government, they actively seek to undermine the very institutions, including the police, that are essential to upholding justice, combating hate, and protecting tolerance.
Reform’s rise is a symptom of the gap between constituents and their representatives. It shows what happens when we fail to keep politics fresh and responsive to community needs, and when we do not show that politics can deliver. If we do not respond, they will continue to exploit that gap.
Parties like Reform are not the cure for mistrust, they are a warning.
As this report recognises, the cure is to renew democracy itself, with honesty, fairness, and respect.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Parliamentarians of the world,
Political parties are the direct link between society and modern democracy.
They were born as mechanisms to channel social interests, leadership, and to compete in electoral processes.
Today, no democracy can be understood without the existence of free political parties. They are the vehicles that transform social demands into public policies. However, in the current global context, political parties face a great dilemma.
On the one hand, their presence is indispensable, but on the other, they must confront the challenge of being trustworthy for citizens.
In Mexico, in 2024, 61% of the electoral roll voted , more than 60 million citizens. In the case of europe, participation in the 2024 parliamentary elections barely reached 51%. And in Asia, for example, India reached 65.7% participation, with more than 2 800 registered parties. South Korea achieved a historic 67%, the highest in 32 years.
These numbers confirm that democracy remains a positive value.
It is a fact that where parties function as channels of plural representation, societies achieve greater stability and cohesion. At the same time, party systems have enabled peaceful transitions, the institutionalization of rights, and the non-violent resolution of conflicts.
Political parties in democracy are, in short, the best mechanism ever created by humanity to transform social diversity into legitimate and lasting decisions.
Today, in the face of the challenges of international multipolarity and the disruptive impact of artificial intelligence, political parties must assume a historic task: to demonstrate that democracy can deliver concrete results for generations to come.
That is why, from this podium, i issue a global call to guarantee transparent and competitive candidate selection processes, to promote digital innovation, incorporating technological tools, with transparency and data protection, to pursue an agenda of immediate results, prioritizing policies that directly impact everyday life.
There is no doubt that the future of political parties and global democracy will depend on the capacity of parties to reinvent themselves.
Action must be taken now, for shared prosperity for all.
Thank you very much.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:46:03
Thank you very much.
As the speaker already announced, I must now interrupt the list of speakers.
The speeches of members of the speaker list who have been present during the debate, but have not been able to speak, may be given to the Table Office for publication in the Official Report. Speeches must not exceed 400 words. I remind colleagues that the typewritten text can be submitted electronically, if possible, no later than 4 hours after the list of speakers is interrupted.
I call Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU, rapporteur, to reply. Dear Ingjerd, you have 3 minutes to reply to the debate. The floor is yours.
Thank you, President.
Thank you, colleagues.
Thank you for all your reflections and also support for this report.
Coming from many of our debates here in Strasbourg is the message that the resilience of democracy depends not only on shared principles, but also on the strengths of the institutions that structure political life. Among these, political parties are central and they organise competition, articulate demands and mediate between citizens and the state.
Talking, President, about democratic decline or democratic backsliding, we do not always focus closely enough on the role of our own political parties. Yes, as I have said in this report, the erosion of party organisations can be closely linked to wider democratic decline. When parties weaken, political life increasingly revolves around individuals rather than institutions. Channels of accountability narrow; programmatic competition gives way to personalistic politics, and president and citizens find fewer meaningful ways to participate. The weakening of parties is therefore not an isolated trend. It is a structural challenge with systemic consequences.
Across Europe, declining trust, falling participation, polarisation and the spread of disinformation are intervened with this decline. Parties that once served as robust intermediaries have fewer members and less legitimacy. Pressure that tests their capacity to adapt. At the same time, new technology and geopolitical dynamics have reshaped their environment, requiring institutional responses that are both innovative and grounded in democratic principles. This resolution addresses these dynamics.
President, I like to say, in the end, and to my colleagues, after 16 years as a member of this Parliamentary Assembly, this is my very last speech in the plenary. I do thank you for your support for this report. I do thank you for the many years of collegial support and friendship.
Passing the torch to new members of my new delegation. I encourage them and you to continue the important work of the Parliamentary Assembly and holding democracy, human rights and the rule of law to the highest extent.
President,
I would like to thank my national Secretariat, but also the Secretariat here in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the Council of Europe, especially.
I thank you for your good co-operation and take care of this institution.
Thank you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:49:58
Thank you, Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU.
Dear Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU, thank you very much. It was also a pleasure to share seats with you in the Group of the European People's Party club.
Does the Vice-Chairperson of the Committee wish to speak? The floor is yours.
Ukraine, PPE/DC, Vice-Présidente de la Commission des questions politiques et de la démocratie
17:50:14
Dear colleagues,
On behalf of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy, I want to welcome this report for its clarity and its constructive vision, because we are all in need of a rethink actually of the role of political parties.
We rightly heard the question here that people sometimes are asking, so what is the point of joining this political party? Will I be heard? Unfortunately, this is the answer why many young people, and not only young people actually, go and join different radical movements rather than joining the political parties that could represent their interests.
And what exactly does it mean? It means that political parties need to have not only a traditional representative role, but also be agents of political renewal with democracy. And this report actually covers all the challenges that political parties are going through. They face declining trust, shrinking memberships, growing challenges in adapting to rapid technological, social and geopolitical change. And yet, as the report underlines, they remain essential pillars of representative democracy. Without functioning, responsive and inclusive parties, democratic systems cannot sustain participation, accountability or pluralism.
The resolution adopted by the Committee addresses these issues in a balanced and forward-looking way. It's not about defending the status quo, it's about ensuring that political parties can fulfil their democratic role, and as I said, be agents of political renewal with democracy and democratic values that is so needed now. It's about ensuring inclusion of citizens' needs and actually encouraging them to participate in the process.
For this reason, I strongly want to ask colleagues to support this report and also on behalf of the Committee, of course I want to thank our rapporteur Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU for all her work on the Committee. Especially because Ingjerd was always very active, especially in the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy.
I also want to say thank you for welcoming many of us to Norway and for me personally for opening up some of the Norwegian culture and political culture to me. And also I actually want to thank Ingjerd, thank you for being able to change your views on many things that were important up until today, because we need that in democracies. Sometimes we need to change our views if we want to be pro-active.
Thank you very much and I wish you all the best. That's very touching moment and it's beautiful how everyone applauds to you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:53:33
Thank you very much.
The debate is closed.
The Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy has presented the draft resolution, Document 16248, to which five amendments have been tabled.
They will be taken in the order in which they appear in the Compendium. I remind you that speeches on amendments are limited to 30 seconds.
I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendments 3, 4, 1 and 5 to the draft resolution, which were rejected by the Committee with a two-thirds majority, be declared as definitely rejected.
Is that so, Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO?
Ukraine, PPE/DC, Vice-Présidente de la Commission des questions politiques et de la démocratie
17:54:15
That's right.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:54:17
If no one objects, I will consider the amendment to be rejected. Is there objection?
I don't see...
Amendments 3, 4, 1 and 5 to the draft resolution are therefore rejected and will not be called.
Now we go to Amendment 2 with sub-amendment.
I call Mr Dmytro NATALUKHA to support Amendment 2. You have 30 seconds.
Dear Chairman, ladies and gentlemen,
The amendment is very simple. It condemns political parties that through their explicit actions of votes, support the deployment of their country's military forces into the territory of other sovereign states or promote expansionism or xenophobia.
We have seen unfortunately such examples. Of course, when I say this, I intend United Russia when allowing their country's military to be introduced on the territory of another sovereign country, they enabled the war. This happened not just in Ukraine, but also in Georgia in 2008.
Thank you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:55:25
Thank you very much.
I call the rapporteur to support the sub-amendment on behalf of the Committee.
Thank you, President.
In Amendment 2, the Committee proposed to replace the words 'the deployment of their country's military forces into the territory of the sovereign United States or promote expansionism or xenophobia' with the words 'military aggression against sovereign states'.
This linguistic precision ensures that we do not accidentally censure all the deployments of military forces in the territory of the sovereign states.
The previous wording was so wide as to condemn normal military deployment that regularly takes place, such as those which are part of normal NATO exercises.
Thank you.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:56:24
Thank you, Madam Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU.
Does anyone else wish to speak against the sub-amendment?
If not, what is Mr Dmytro NATALUKHA's opinion about the sub-amendment?
I support the sub-amendment.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:56:42
Thank you very much.
The Committee is obviously in favour of the sub-amendment.
I shall now put the sub-amendment to the vote.
I call the vote.
The vote is open.
I close the vote.
Thank you. Thank you very much.
The sub-amendment is adopted unanimously.
Thank you very much.
Now we go to Amendment 2, as amended.
Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment? No.
What is the opinion of the Committee? Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO.
Ukraine, PPE/DC, Vice-Présidente de la Commission des questions politiques et de la démocratie
17:57:33
Approved.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
17:57:39
Approved. Thank you.
I shall now put the amendment as amended to the vote and cast the votes please.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the results to be displayed.
Unanimously, Amendment 2 as amended is agreed.
Thank you very much.
We'll now proceed to vote on the draft resolutions contained in Document 16248 as amended. A simple majority is required.
I open the vote.
The vote is open.
Please cast your votes.
The vote is closed.
I call for the results to be displayed.
The draft resolution is adopted.
Thank you very much Ms Ingjerd Schie SCHOU and thank you for all your effort in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. You will be missed.
Thank you very much.
Croatie, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée
18:00:07
Thank you very much. May we ask the rapporteur and for another to take its place. Thank you.
Thank you very much. The next item of business this afternoon is the debate on the report titled "Draft Council of Europe convention on co-production of audiovisual works in the form of series", Document 16238, presented by Ms Valentina GRIPPO on behalf of the Committee on Culture, Science, Education and Media.
I remind members that the speaking time is limited to 2 minutes. In order to finish by 6:30 p.m., I will interrupt the list of speakers at about 6:25 p.m. to allow time for the reply and the vote.
I call Ms Valentina GRIPPO, rapporteur. You have 7 minutes now and 3 minutes at the end to reply to the debate. Ms Valentina GRIPPO, the floor is yours.
You need to insert the card. No hurry, no hurry, it's okay. The floor is yours.
You need to push it. The card, you need to push it. You're not registered yet. Thank you.
Thank you, Chair.
Dear colleagues,
Today, we are talking about cinema.
Europe is the birthplace of cinema: from the Paris of the Lumière Brothers to Cinecittà in Rome, this language so important for human beings, to the festivals of Berlin, Venice, Cannes, and the schools of London and Prague.
Our continent invented the language that has shaped the collective imagination of the entire world. And it is not just a story of past successes. It is the root that reminds us that Europe, when it co-operates, is capable of leading and not just following.
We think of so many excellences of countries large and small, of the member states of the Council of Europe: the Finnish and Swedish films on the human condition, the use of animation, of visual narrative in Latvian cinema, independent film-making in Belgium, the audiovisual powerhouses that Spain and Türkiye are becoming.
Today, that heritage is taking on a new form in the shape of television series. In the last 10 years, European series productions have increased by 46%, exceeding 3 000 hours each year.
The audiovisual sector is worth €130 billion and is growing by 7% year on year. We are talking about hundreds of thousands of jobs, complex industrial sectors, new creative and technological professions, and we are also talking about pluralism, freedom of expression, as well as European cultural identity.
Europe is already a protagonist; we have seen massive growth in the sector since Covid-19. It shows that our strength lies precisely in diversity, in small, independent creations, but also in the ability to co-operate, to create larger projects, all working together.
It is precisely within this environment that the convention on the co-production of audiovisual works in the form of series was conceived. It is a legal framework that allows works made together by producers from several countries to be recognised as official co-productions. It would make it easier for them to access funding and allow both large and small producers, which we all have in our countries, to get the access to funding that they need. That way, they can share costs and risks, facilitate the mobility of talent and make sure their works reach wider audiences.
In a market dominated by a handful of major global players, this convention offers a concrete tool to strengthen European competitiveness without sacrificing the plurality of our national ecosystems.
For these reasons, it is an initiative to be welcomed with conviction, and the opinion that the Assembly is examining today has precisely this objective: to give maximum support to the convention, reinforcing its spirit with some suggestions that make it clearer and more workable.
We cannot ignore the fact that some member states, industry and EU representatives have raised concerns about the absence of an impact assessment and some other elements.
For this, we have done a lot of work, and I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Committee, which has worked compactly and unanimously, all the political groups who have made a contribution, talking to the associations, to arrive at a result that is balanced and that allows, with two small improvements that we suggest, this resolution to march more convincingly and be implemented.
The first aspect concerns the definition of independent co-producers, contained in Appendix 3; as it stands, it runs the risk of coming into conflict with national legislation and turning into an imposed standard, albeit conceived as residual.
For this reason, we prefer to make it clear that each state must have, 80% of states already have, but must have its own definition within some time after the convention enters into force.
The other crucial issue on which we have done a lot of work, hopefully convincing everyone, but really patiently trying to listen to everyone, is the relationship of user rights.
Practices of total buy-outs or over-extended acquisitions, often on penalising terms, risk compressing the freedom of producers and limiting the circulation of works.
It is essential that those who invest at the same time are remunerated for their investments. For this reason, we have asked to remove an overly prescriptive part that was in the resolution as drafted, but it is important that member states have legislation in place that stipulates that commercial negotiations concerning the exploitation of rights take into account the possibility for independent producers to exploit certain secondary rights to their works and to build up catalogues of works.
With these adjustments, the text, in our view, gains solidity and becomes truly implementable in the different national contexts, which are very different, which are at a very different stage of maturity of their audiovisual market and which all deserve support, whether small or large, whether where there are large international players or where a new audiovisual market is just emerging.
This is how the convention can go from being a good intention to becoming an instrument capable of stimulating concrete cooperation, strengthening our producers, fostering innovation and keeping alive the European vocation, telling different stories, different languages, which together build a single cultural identity.
Thank you.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:08:41
Thank you, Madam Valentina GRIPPO.
Now in the debate, I call first Ms Laura CASTEL to speak on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left.
Espagne, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe
18:08:54
Thank you Chair.
Let me be clear. This draft convention, we think is solid because in a media landscape, dominated by global giants, Europe urgently needs these tools to strengthen our cultural sovereignty, protect our creators and ensure access to a pluralistic media landscape.
But I must say that this opinion surprisingly supports large companies, the strongest players in the audio-visual ecosystem, rather than independent producers, small creators and public interest.
For example, in relation to the definition of "independent producer", the convention proposed a common definition which opens the door for small producers. Instead, the opinion insists on leaving every state to its own definitions, which means perpetuating unequal markets, even if it is Türkiye, Georgia, Azerbaijan or Moldova.
On rights on licensing, the opinion again sides with the biggest players. It warns that new rules may disrupt broadcasters’ business models. But which business model is this opinion defending? Unfortunately not the public's right to diverse, independent content. Instead, the interests of companies who, as monopolies, dominate the field.
And on data, instead of embracing transparency, the opinion raises fears of "confidentiality" or "burden". But currently, it's the public who have no say in how their data is used and other creators who cannot access information on how their work is consumed. So transparency is not a threat. It is a democratic necessity.
And cultural sovereignty, dear colleagues, cannot mean protecting the strongest players – I am finishing – at the expense of pluralism and fairness.
In conclusion, we call to support the draft convention as it is with no amendments since it is ambitious, strengthens the protection of the independence and enforces data transparency. And we recommend rejecting the opinion. I am so sorry. Culture is not only a market; it's the voice of our societies, our democracy and our future.
Thank you, Chair.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:11:27
Thank you, Ms Laura CASTEL.
The next on our list is Ms Luz MARTINEZ SEIJO, who will speak on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.
Espagne, SOC, Porte-parole du groupe
18:11:40
Thank you Madam President.
First of all, I would like to pay tribute to Ms Valentina GRIPPO. Well done for achieving a consensus in this draft, in which you seek to promote cultural co-operation in Europe in the field of the audiovisual.
However, the text does raise certain questions and I think they warrant some political discussion.
First of all, the definition of an 'independent producer'. It's presented as something subsidiary, but actually in the absence of national legislation according to Appendix 3, it could become a supranational standard. That could then interfere normatively with our national legal frameworks and with our state aid systems. The existence of this definition is an identity marker in Europe and it is very much the platform that allows us to guarantee cultural exceptions. Therefore we would like to defend a position whereby each state remains sovereign when it comes to defining this concept, according to their own legislation.
Secondly, participation of service producers as co-producers. The text says that platforms or public televisions can participate as co-producers. But this could give rise to ambiguities. We could, I think, recognise their role without giving them the same status. That would allow us to avoid divergent interpretations and it would protect the logic of our state aid systems.
Similarly, this draft also defines certain criteria in order to have access to state aid, but it doesn't really give us enough clarity when it comes to the idea of how we are going to order these rights with co-productions, platforms, public television, yet we need these to guarantee standard-setting consistency.
Furthermore, when it comes to protecting intellectual property, it is of the utmost importance. If we want a convention that will promote cultural diversity, we need to make sure that all participants, all stakeholders abide by copyright, as defined in each country.
By way of conclusion, the convention does have transformative potential, but it requires some adjustments in order to prevent any kind of structural imbalances and preserve our diversity. We support the spirit of it, but we would like to make sure that the principle of subsidiarity is respected. And for that, we need a rigorous impact assessment and we need to guarantee genuine participation for all stakeholders.
Ms Valentina GRIPPO, you have our full support when it comes to improving this draft convention, and that is precisely what you call for in your report.
Thank you.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:13:57
Thank you, Madam.
Now we'll continue with Mr Benjamin DALLE, who will speak on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party. Please.
Belgique, PPE/DC, Porte-parole du groupe
18:14:05
Madam Chairperson,
Dear colleagues,
We welcome the ambition of this draft convention. It rightly seeks to promote cross-border collaboration, cultural diversity, and pluralism in a fast-changing audiovisual landscape. We value its attempt to encourage independent co-productions and to provide a framework for international co-operation.
At the same time, we must be cautious. The convention risks shifting the focus away from the cultural value of works towards the status of one specific category of producers. While independent producers do contribute enormously to pluralism, other production models are equally important in fostering freedom of expression, audience access and innovation.
Indeed, I believe that high-quality audiovisual productions require a thriving media ecosystem in which all actors are respected and able to play their role: independent and so-called dependent producers, public and private broadcasters, distributors, screenwriters, directors, actors, cast and crew.
During a very interesting panel debate on this issue in Paris, it struck me that both private and public broadcasters shared the same concerns about the convention. Several stakeholders also mentioned that there had not been sufficient consultation and dialogue.
We would like to thank Ms Valentina GRIPPO for her report. The Group of the European People's Party supports the report and its recommendations.
Our message today is very clear: before adoption, the Committee of Ministers must bring all stakeholders around the table and engage in real dialogue. The convention will only be successful if it can count on the broad support of the whole audiovisual ecosystem.
Thank you.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:15:58
Thank you, Mr Benjamin DALLE.
On behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates, Mr Malte KAUFMANN will take the floor.
Allemagne, CEPA, Porte-parole du groupe
18:16:07
Madam President,
Ladies and gentlemen,
I would also like to thank all those who helped draft the resolution, especially Ms Valentina GRIPPO, and that many of the concerns we had were also taken into account here through amendments and clarifications.
In the further procedure, it is important for us to draw attention to three particular points that are very important to us as the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates Group.
Firstly, the protection of independent, creative cultures, especially small countries and independent producers. They must continue to be able to preserve their intellectual property and tell their own original stories in different languages. Secondly, existential risk for creatives in small markets. Producers in small countries operate in an uncertain market in which every new project is associated with considerable risks. If they now lose the rights to their works, for example because platforms or large partners take over control of content under the new rules, creators will be reduced to mere vicarious agents. Thirdly: safeguard diversity, combat one-sidedness.
Ladies and gentlemen, Europe's strength is its diversity: different languages, styles, narratives and experiences shape our cultural heritage. If the protection for the independence of smaller producers is removed, there is a threat of cultural loss through global platforms with stories that only serve mass tastes, the mainstream and no longer leave any room for regional identities. My conclusion is that we must not allow the economic interests of a few global players to jeopardise our cultural independence. Let us not allow our diverse histories in Europe to be silenced.
Thank you very much.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:18:11
Thank you, Mister Malte KAUFMANN.
And now Mr Petri HONKONEN will speak on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.
Finlande, ADLE, Porte-parole du groupe
18:18:18
Thank you, Madam Chair.
The objective of the convention is to support international co-operation and cultural diversity in the production of audiovisual series. The convention aims to strengthen the position of independent producers and facilitate cross-border co-productions.
On behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Group, I would like to thank the rapporteur, Ms Valentina GRIPPO, for her balanced and comprehensive overview of this issue. Discussions have taken place among all stakeholders, and the report reflects the different aspects of the convention.
The role of the Council of Europe is to protect cultural diversity and safeguard cultural minorities and languages, including in the field of culture and audiovisual productions, which are among the most widely consumed forms of art nowadays. This is why the Council of Europe has prepared this legal instrument to member states. Concrete actions are required from member states.
The concerns expressed by small independent producers are understandable. On behalf of the ALDE Group, I want to stress the importance of cultural diversity in this sector. Without independent producers, we would face monotonous content, and many stories would remain untold and many small languages would remain unheard.
The proposed amendments aim to improve the practical applicability of the agreement in national contexts. And accepting the convention is an important step forward in promoting co-productions and co-operation. We must notice that any delays would harm the film industry at all levels.
We support the spirit of the convention and hope that all aspects mentioned will be carefully considered during its future implementation by member states and the European Union.
Thank you.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:20:28
Thank you, Mister Petri HONKONEN.
And next in our debate, I call Mr Bob De BRABANDERE. Please Mister.
Thank you.
Dear colleagues,
This convention is not just a technical document. It is a tool to ensure that producers from smaller markets are not reduced to subcontractors from global platforms, but remain true authors. They have to keep their intellectual property, their creative control and the ability to tell their own stories in their own languages. In small markets, every production carries a greater financial risk. If creators lose their rights, they lose their independence.
And Europe's cultural strength lies in the right kind of diversity. Many nations, cultures, languages, stories, perspectives and a shared history. If protective mechanisms are weakened, we risk seeing only homogenised content designed for the biggest markets. That would be a cultural loss. It would also undermine jobs, economic independence and in some way even the survival of smaller languages: Finnish, Maltese, Estonian, Luxembourgish and so on. And even my own language, Dutch. They are not exactly world languages, but they are each part of what I like to call the European cultural tapestry.
I will give you an example. Granted, it's not about the series, but not so long ago I was in Tallinn, and I watched the screening of a film called Nähtamatu võitlus, called The Invisible Fight in English. I won't go into the contents too much, but I can tell you it was at the very least interesting, very unique, and I'm sure that there would not be any support for individual authors or regisseurs or series and films. Something like that would not be made and that would be a loss.
That is why the clarification on the exploitation of rights is so crucial. Independent producers must be able to exploit their own works and build catalogues that allow them to grow sustainably. I welcome that this was addressed in the rapporteur's speech. With that in mind, I agree to adopt this report, but with vigilance. It can be a powerful instrument to safeguard cultural sovereignty provided that we uphold the right of independent creators to remain the authors of their own work.
Thank you.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:22:52
Thank you, Mister Bob De BRABANDERE.
Now I give the floor to Ms Marijana PULJAK. Please, Madam.
Thank you.
Dear colleagues,
Today, we are discussing the draft convention on the co-production of audiovisual works in the form of series. This is a very complex issue that involves many stakeholders, from independent producers, film funds and national institutions, to large broadcasters and global streaming platforms. Their interests are often conflicting, and throughout this process, it has been difficult to strike a balance.
On the one hand, independent producers and national film funds call for strong safeguards in order to retain the rights to their works and to build catalogues that guarantee their long-term sustainability. On the other hand, broadcasters and platforms insist on greater flexibility in definitions and contracts. The European Commission, meanwhile, is concerned with consistency with the upcoming reform of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive.
It is therefore important to stress that, after lengthy debates and tensions, European negotiations were held between the rapporteur and the representative of European Film Agency Directors (EFAD), which brings together national film agencies. The result of these talks is an agreement to support the report without additional amendments, but with a clear remark highlighting the importance of ensuring that independent producers can exploit their rights and build catalogues of works.
While EFAD has expressed disappointment that the report does not fully achieve the original ambition of the convention, they also recognise that any further delay would harm the entire sector. They therefore accept this compromise, while making it clear that they will continue to work to ensure that the final convention reflects its original purpose, which is strong support for European independent producers and cultural diversity.
I, therefore, invite you to also recognise this compromise and to support the report.
Thank you.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:25:09
Thank you, Ms Marijana PULJAK. The next on our list is Mr Ričards ŠLESERS. The floor is yours, Mister.
Colleagues,
Europe's audiovisual industry is strong. We already produce more than the United States, and our local traditions, languages, and stories give us a unique identity. The convention on the co-production of audiovisual works in the form of series is designed to build on that strength by creating a framework for cross-border collaboration that allows European productions to reach wider audiences.
Yes, there are risks.
The definition of "independent producer" may not align with every national system. Broadcasters, who remain our largest investors, have concerns about being pushed aside. And we must remember that smaller, local-language productions are the backbone of Europe's streaming catalogues and an important part of our cultural heritage.
These are real concerns that will require care in implementation.
But the opportunity is greater. With global conditions shifting and Europe already an attractive place for investment, this convention positions us to lead. It is a tool that can bring our producers together, strengthen our cultural voice and secure Europe's place in global production.
Colleagues,
This convention lays a solid foundation for growth, for protecting our heritage and for ensuring Europe remains a leader in telling its own stories to the world.
Thank you to the rapporteur.
Thank you.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:26:58
Thank you, Mister Ričards ŠLESERS.
Now we move to Mr Claude KERN. "You have the floor, sir" [in French].
He seems not to be in the hemicycle. So, dear colleagues, that concludes the list of speakers.
Now I call Ms Valentina GRIPPO to reply. You have 3 minutes, madam rapporteur.
The discussion today went very quickly in much the same way as the discussion has gone over the year and a half that we have been working on the resolution.
I am very pleased, because we have given an example of how the elements underlying the resolution, that is, the importance of the cultural diversity of each individual state, on the one hand, the importance of co-productions between different states working together to make a qualitative leap, but also, as was said in the last speech and in other speeches, being attractive as an area of investment for a sector that can really generate a lot of work and is very important for geographical Europe, which we represent as the Council of Europe, is possible.
However, this requires the work that we are doing here today and it is the work for which the Council of Europe exists, which means sitting around a table and reasoning together to go in the same direction, bringing together interests that may seem divergent: small producers on one side, large producers on the other side, public broadcasters on one side, private broadcasters on the other side, small countries, larger countries, countries with a very important tradition on cinema and those that are just trying.
Well, it is possible to go in the same direction; not only is it possible, but it is our duty to go in the same direction, because in such a complicated moment, where from other parts of the world there are duties arriving towards the products that are born in our countries and the mechanisms are being tightened up, we really have the possibility to allow the Member States not only to defend their cultural diversity, not only to tell, as was said before about small films.
Each of us has experienced what my colleague Mr Bob De BRABANDERE was talking about, the idea that there is a little film, a little gem in each of the Member States that deserves to be produced and to be seen.
And, at the same time, however, we deserve to become big, to grow together and be competitive on a sector that weighs more than agriculture in our Member States, which is very important.
And, therefore, with this opinion, and I hope that we will all vote for it together, giving a signal of unity or the broadest possible unity on this, we are saying precisely this: all these interests can go together, to allow this market to grow and to allow a human right, which is the right to culture, to cultural diversity, to grow and also allow the industry behind it, which is also very important for our states, to grow.
So I thank you, I thank the offices again for the valuable work and the Commission for the valuable work that has been done in this year and a half. I could never, on my own, have read the hundreds of amendments and had the hundreds of meetings that we have had.
So, thank you.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:30:52
Thank you, Ms Valentina GRIPPO.
Does the Chairperson of the Committee wish to speak? You have three minutes.
Türkiye, ADLE, Vice-Président de la Commission de la culture, de la science, de l'éducation et des médias
18:31:04
Thank you Madam Chair,
Dear colleagues,
The profound transformation of the European audiovisual sector in recent years, especially with the arrival of streaming platforms in Europe, have had a significant impact on viewing habits and consumer expectations.
In particular, high-quality drama series have taken our screens by storm.
The co-production of series in Europe has the potential to be a significant catalyst for our valued cultural diversity and pluralism. The Council of Europe is therefore proposing a draft convention on the co-production of series.
This draft convention under discussion today is the result of many months of dedicated effort, and the Committee on Culture, Science, Education and Media acknowledges the hard work that has gone into it.
It is my belief that the proposals set out by Ms Valentina GRIPPO in her report represent an acceptable compromise for all stakeholders and prepare the convention for adoption by many member states.
In that sense, I hope you will support Ms Valentina GRIPPO’s report.
Thank you.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:32:26
Thank you so much.
Dear colleagues, now the debate is closed and we will now proceed to vote on the draft opinion contained in Document 16238 to which no amendments have been tabled. I remind you that a two-thirds majority is required.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed.
And the results.
The draft opinion is adopted.
Congratulations, Madame Rapporteur.
Arménie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:33:24
Dear colleagues,
We now come to the joint debate on two reports from the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development. The first is titled "Analysis and guidelines to guarantee the right to housing" (Document 16244), and the second is titled "Promoting universal health coverage" (Document 16223).
The first report will be presented by Ms Aurora FLORIDIA, rapporteur. We will then hear an opinion on the report from the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons (Document 16268), presented by Mr Paul GALLES, rapporteur.
The second report will then be presented by Mr Stefan SCHENNACH, rapporteur.
In order to finish this item by 8 p.m., we must interrupt the list of speakers at 7:25 p.m. to allow time for the replies and the votes.
I remind members that the speaking time limit is 2 minutes.
Now I call Ms Aurora FLORIDIA, rapporteur, to present the first report. You have 7 minutes now and 3 minutes at the end to reply to the debate.
Please. You have the floor, Madam.
(So I'm waiting for my colleague and just a second. Thank you. Yes. Alistair is lost. Okay, three more seconds. Okay? Okay.)
Thank you very much, Mister President.
Dear colleagues,
A house is the second skin of the human being. A place of safety, protection and belonging, where we find shelter not only from the world outside, but also a sense of ourselves. It is a longing that exists in each of us.
It is also a right which has been recognised internationally for decades. The universal human right to adequate housing codified in international law, including our European Social Charter.
This right may seem to be obvious to us, even taken for granted, but it is not. It is one of the most neglected rights of our time.
Yet across Europe, we see this right being eroded, too often treated as a commodity to be traded, a financial asset rather than a human right, and a social good to be cherished and protected as if it were our very own home, our second skin.
I'm deeply concerned about this.
Speculation drives up prices and rents, pushing ordinary families, young people and vulnerable groups to the margins.
The financialisation of housing has left many excluded, including low-income households, single parents, workers, students, women fleeing violence, the elderly, migrants, refugees and Roma communities. A trend we see developing before our eyes, as if we were watching from a window, lacking sufficient measures to correct this imbalance.
In parallel, most governments have outsourced the social housing sector, leaving it chronically underfunded, limiting their role in the direct provision of social housing.
Today, finding a home has become almost an uphill struggle. And yet, paradoxically, many housing units remained vacant for various reasons, such as in tourist areas or in remote inland regions. The reality is deeply troubling.
More than one billion people worldwide do not live in adequate housing.
In Europe alone, over 1.3 million people were homeless in 2023, including 400 000 children.
19 million more experienced severe housing precariousness in 2020.
Homelessness affects one in four people during their lifetime.
And since the start of the war in Ukraine, millions have been displaced.
As rapporteur, I have had the privilege of hearing from experts, communities and youth representatives across Europe and beyond. Their message is clear: housing policies must be rooted back in human dignity, social justice and sustainability. They must strengthen resilience to climate change and natural disasters. They must empower young people who today struggle to live autonomously, to build their future with security and hope.
Over the course of two years, our research has been extensive, meticulous and many-sided. And it has truly been a great team effort.
I have become passionate about this topic, which I have closely followed for years in my own region in Italy, around Lake Garda, a tourist area struggling with a severe housing shortage caused by uncontrolled second home construction and unchecked land consumption, an issue common to many tourist areas across Europe.
Our work was built on three pillars: describing the current situation, outlining the framework of international law and identifying good practices from which to learn essential examples to guide effective housing policies across member states.
Because where there is a will, there is a way, and the solutions exist.
I chose to focus on key issues: the challenges facing young people, the impact of climate change, the pressing problem of homelessness and the situation in Ukraine.
We ask ourselves what kind of housing young generations envision for the future. We actively involve them in the process. We shift our perspectives, seeking to understand how they envision housing in the years to come, going beyond just discussing the problems and challenges they face today.
When we examined the climate dimension of the housing issue, it became clear that much of Europe's housing stock is ageing, energy inefficient and increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather events, which are affecting our continent with growing frequency and intensity. Even though it has become a divisive topic today, renovation and sustainable construction are investments in our collective future.
In this regard, I encourage you to visit the Vauban and Rieselfeld districts in Freiburg, Germany, which are considered pioneering examples of sustainable housing development in Europe.
In discussing homelessness, the urgent and logical need for prevention became evident. Prevention. Addressing the social issues associated with homelessness and acting after someone becomes homeless is far more costly than preventing it. Prevention is the key to tackle an almost insurmountable problem. Finding a place in a shelter in some areas is like winning the lottery.
So, about the role, the big role that a state can play and should play in shaping housing policy, I will do it in my reply. I will speak about the great example of Vienna in my reply.
In short, I have to say that housing must return to its rightful place as a human right, not as a speculative asset. It must be future-proof, both socially and ecologically, and it must give young people the foundation they deserve to build their lives, because it is our second skin.
Thank you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:42:39
Thank you.
I now call for Mr Paul GALLES, rapporteur, for the opinion. You have 3 minutes, please.
Luxembourg, PPE/DC, Rapporteur pour avis
18:42:50
Dear colleagues,
The Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons has been seized for an opinion on the draft resolution on "Analysis and guidelines to guarantee the right to housing" prepared by the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development. I thank the rapporteur, Aurora FLORIDIA, for her excellent and ambitious draft report and resolution. It is important that our Committee had the opportunity to contribute to it because guaranteeing the right to housing is a prerequisite to accessing many other human rights.
Of course, as politicians, we can and we have to ask how to implement it. This is absolutely right and central, but this report gives a lot of guidelines and, first of all, it's a defence of one of the main social rights, which are work, health, education, social security and housing.
I had the honour to prepare an opinion, which recalls that international human rights law protects the right to adequate housing for all people, without any discrimination. Despite this right, migrants, including refugees and asylum seekers, are disproportionately deprived of the right to adequate housing. They are the weakest element in the chain of housing opportunities.
Depending on their residence status and the country where they reside, different factors can contribute to this: they may, for example, experience discrimination on the private housing market or be excluded from social housing if they are not long-term residents.
The limited disaggregated data that is available to us on this issue also shows that migrants are overrepresented in the homeless population in the OECD region. And in some countries, administrative requirements even prevent them from accessing emergency shelters.
I'd like to emphasise that this draft resolution comes at the right time. More and more often, we read and hear about situations in some of our member states, where the most vulnerable people, and especially migrants, must face homelessness and forced evictions, namely those seeking asylum, children, whether they are unaccompanied or with their families.
Dear colleagues, I would also like to stress that ensuring migrants' access to adequate housing should be viewed as an investment in the future of our societies, benefiting all of us. Notably, because it improves social inclusion and cohesion, facilitates access to employment, has a positive impact on health, and enables children to have a stable life, necessary to attend school, for example.
In this light, we have proposed a number of amendments addressing the particular challenges faced by migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, and I am grateful that the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development accepted them.
Thanks to them and thanks to those who worked on our opinion.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:46:02
Thank you.
I now call for Mr Stefan SCHENNACH, rapporteur, to present the second report. You have 7 minutes now and 3 minutes at the end to reply.
Thank you, Madam Chair.
It's really the last report which I present here. But it's not only my report, we are two rapporteurs. Heike ENGELHARDT, our former rapporteur, is sitting behind and watching what is going on with her report, because she made the most work on this report. She made also the hearings. And so, you have the report from two rapporteurs.
Universal health coverage (UHC) is the heart of the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development, the roadmap of our common future. This ambition was powerfully reaffirmed in the 2024 United Nations Pact for the Future. Our motion for a resolution follows exactly this back, calling on our Assembly to consider how the Council of Europe and its member states can intend to afford and achieve this goal.
This makes perfect sense, as the Secretary General of the Council of Europe reminded us on World Health Day 2025, health relies on trust, on safety and on equitable access. And it's inseparable from democracy. But, what do we mean by universal health coverage? The World Health Organisation defines health as a complete physical, mental and social well-being. Enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the right to health and the right to social protection are fundamental human rights.
Universal health coverage means leaving no one behind. It ensures that every person, regardless of the background of income can access essential health services without financial hardship. From prevention and promotion to treatment, rehabilitation and also palliative care.
Over 4.5 billion people still lack essential health services. 2 million face catastrophic out-of-pocket costs. 344 million are pushed into extreme poverty because of health expenses. Even in our own member states, UHC has slipped down the political agenda since the pandemic, while inequalities are deepening under the pressure of the cost-of-living crisis, the aftermath of Covid-19, and the consequences of the war of aggression against Ukraine. But also by the genocide in Gaza.
The human cost is enormous. Maternal mortality has not declined since 2015, nearly 300 000 women die each year during pregnancy. Or children, childhood immunisation has stalled, 2.7 million more children were unvaccinated in 2023 than in 2019.
So what must be done? We must see UHC as a strange investment in sustainable development. It improves health outcomes, strengthens equality and gender equality, builds social cohesion and supports economy stability. According to WHO, every dollar invested in health fields between 150 and 121 in income return by boosting productivity, employment, resilience to economy and climate shocks. Universal health coverage is also a foundation of the global health security. Strong health systems are essential to prepare for pandemics, humanitarian crises and climate change.
Now, I have also the honour to invite you... I have some advertisement here, on 15 October, in this building, we have the Conference on the Protection of Health, a landmark event showcasing how the Council of Europe advances health as a human right across all sectors. This will not be just another meeting, it will be a unique opportunity for us as parliamentarians to take ownership of this agenda, to translate our debate into concrete political comments and to show that the Council of Europe is fully engaged in the achievement of the sustainable development goal of health and well-being for all by 2030.
I will present the outcome of our discussion today, but I count for your participation to make this conference a real turning point. I have the conference poster here with me and please come after and take one.
Colleagues, participation matters, presence matters, leadership matters. Universal health coverage is not optimal, it's essential for health, dignity and social cohesion in Europe. Our task is clear through political and legislative and multilateral mobilisation. We must ensure no one is left behind.
Thank you for listening.
I have some seconds. I only want to say you can support my report, but also support Ms Aurora FLORIDIA's report. I know this housing report is one of the best. And I am a member of the World Capital of Social Housing in Vienna and what she presents is excellent. And let's give our reports a chance for a big support.
Thank you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:53:13
Thank you.
And now in the debate, I call first Ms Victoria TIBLOM from the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates. You have 2 minutes.
Suède, CEPA, Porte-parole du groupe
18:53:24
Thank you, Madam President.
And thank you, rapporteurs.
The right to housing is a social right, not a human right. Let's repeat that. It is not a human right.
Yes. Europe is in the middle of a deep housing crisis. Families, the elderly and young people struggle to find affordable homes. Waiting lists stretch for years, and ordinary citizens who have paid into the system for decades cannot access the housing they need.
Yet, at the same time, governments continue to prioritise housing for illegal immigrants and asylum seekers. Entire blocks of emergency accommodation are reserved for those who have just arrived, while our own citizens are pushed further back in line. In many places, asylum seekers are fast tracked into housing, while local families are told to wait indefinitely.
The truth is clear. Our housing systems cannot carry both the needs of our citizens and an endless flow of irregular immigration. Every apartment set aside for an asylum seeker is one less home available to a young family. Every emergency shelter given to those arriving illegally leaves vulnerable Europeans out in the cold. We need to reverse this logic. Housing must first and foremost serve our citizens and legal residents. We must stop rewarding illegal entry and overwhelming our systems with asylum claims that are often unfounded.
Instead, we should invest in expanding housing for our own communities and restore fairness and responsibility to the system. The housing crisis is not only about bricks and mortar: it is about justice, serenity and the right of our people to live in dignity in their own countries.
Europe cannot solve its housing shortage if it continues to prioritise asylum seekers and illegal immigration over the rights of its own people.
Thank you, Madam President.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:55:33
Thank you.
And now I call Baroness Sal BRINTON from the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. You have 2 minutes.
Royaume-Uni, ADLE, Porte-parole du groupe
18:55:40
Colleagues,
The rapporteur's two excellent reports on guaranteeing the right to housing and to promoting universal health coverage fit very well together for a joint debate.
The United Nations, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the World Health Organization and other high-level bodies have identified the right to safe and affordable housing and the right to universal health coverage as being intrinsic part of human rights.
And we know that Europe's performance in both housing and universal healthcare (UHC) are above the world average. But as pressure on public funds grows, the spiralling cost of housing means that many vulnerable groups, migrants, asylum seekers and young people cannot afford to rent, let alone buy property.
Poor, crowded and expensive accommodation impacts on their health. And for vulnerable children, it can even affect their life chances.
And there is a further problem. House builders are not building enough, let alone the right provision, for those of us who were born after the Second World War, who will be living much longer than our parents and grandparents. And the UK is not alone in facing pressures on social care because our housing stock is not fit for purpose for people in their declining years or even for those with disabilities.
Research by Habinteg Housing Association shows that building lifetime homes, homes with slightly wider doorways for wheelchairs, wet bathrooms, no steps to get into the home, are beneficial to residents regardless of age and particularly for vulnerable residents. And their homes mean that their lives and health is also markedly better, which helpfully is also cheaper for the state, too.
Best of all, the extra cost of initial construction for this is minimal.
So the Council of Europe should encourage member states to use these reports to take a holistic and innovative view to improve housing for all, and also to have universal health coverage that enables people to live healthily and to their full.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
18:57:39
Thank you.
And now I call Mr George LOUCAIDES from the Group of the Unified European Left. You have 2 minutes.
Chypre, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe
18:57:48
Thank you, Madam Chair.
Dear colleagues,
The right to housing is not an abstract principle, but a daily struggle for millions across Europe.
Despite our commitments, too many citizens face homelessness, overcrowded dwellings, skyrocketing rents and the insecurity of eviction.
For refugees, migrants, the young and the poor, the situation is even harsher.
Housing must never be reduced to a commodity. It is a fundamental human right and a social good. That is why we need more than expressions of concern. We need bold political choices. Governments must invest massively in social and affordable housing, regulate rental markets and prevent speculation that drives prices beyond the reach of ordinary people.
Preventing evictions, especially of vulnerable families and children, is essential, but prevention alone is not enough. Empty buildings should be converted into homes, and vacant properties must serve human dignity, not profit.
Stronger tenant protections are also crucial, with limits on rent increases and guarantees against arbitrary displacement.
The housing crisis affects broad segments of society. Inflation, falling real wages and pensions, and rising unemployment mean students, pensioners and low-income households are struggling to pay rent. Inflation-driven hikes have become unbearable.
We therefore support rent regulation in high-demand urban areas and linking increases to average national incomes rather than inflation to create a fairer balance between household means and housing costs.
The same principles apply to healthcare. Universal coverage must guarantee equal access, but also strong systems: workforce, infrastructure, financing, governance and social determinants.
Financing requires courage and decisiveness to implement progressive taxation, distribution of wealth and European solidarity funds.
Thank you very much.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:00:01
Thank you.
And I call now Ms Petra BAYR from the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group. You have two minutes.
Thank you.
I think there is no other city in the world as known for good housing policy as my hometown, Vienna, where Ms Aurora FLORIDIA also took a ride to.
And that has a long tradition. It started more than 100 years ago in the so-called Red Vienna and has its traces until today.
About one third of all Viennese live in city-owned flats without any profit for the city. Another third live in subsidised housing owned by co-operatives, also non-profit. And one third live in private housing. And of course there's a lot of pressure on the prices in these private houses.
So it's quite affordable in Vienna and we still are doing a lot for that. For instance, recently we introduced our own category for land use, only dedicated for public housing. We have a very strict ban and prohibition for short-term rentals for tourists in living zones. And we also have our own category of flats for young people.
So if you want to see what affordable housing looks like, come to Vienna.
The second issue is the universal health coverage. Believe it or not, this is the 34th report of Mr Stefan SCHENNACH here in this Assembly. He started his career here in June 2011. His first report was on the credentials of the Russian delegation in 2014. You remember Crimea and so.
He has been active in the Cultural, Environmental, Social, Monitoring, and Rules Committees. He mentioned it yesterday evening, but I forgot. He has countless election observations. He has liberated many political prisoners all over the continent. And I think that he really will leave his very big tracks here in the Assembly.
And also to mention, universal health coverage is not just health policy. It's for human dignity.
Thank you very much.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:02:18
Thank you.
Now I call for Mr Jan Filip LIBICKI from the Group of the European People's Party. You have 2 minutes.
Pologne, PPE/DC, Porte-parole du groupe
19:02:25
Madam President,
Dear colleagues,
I am pleased to present the position of the Group of the European People's Party in the joint debate on the reports, analysis and guidelines to guarantee the right to housing and promoting universal health coverage.
I thank the Rapporteurs, Ms Aurora FLORIDIA and Mr Stefan SCHENNACH for their work. In particular, I appreciate Mr Stefan SCHENNACH for presenting a report on behalf of a colleague, which is never an easy task.
Allow me to highlight the key points of Ms Aurora FLORIDIA's report.
More than 1.3 million people in Europe are homeless and nearly 20 million are living in insecure housing conditions. Wars such as those in Ukraine and Gaza only deepen this crisis.
The most valuable recommendations are clear: increase public investments in social and affordable housing, introduce long term strategies to prevent homelessness, guarantee protection against forced evictions, improve housing benefits and family support and regulate short term rentals and vacant dwellings to expand housing supply.
We must pursue a prudent housing policy while also promoting universal social insurance. This is a demand strongly voiced by the younger generation in our countries.
Thank you very much.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:04:01
Thank you.
The first on the speaker's list is Ms Zita GURMAI from the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.
Dear colleagues, dear friends,
Adequate, affordable housing is not a privilege. It is not a luxury. It is the very cornerstone of a dignified life. The Council of Europe’s own reports tell us: 1.3 million people are homeless in Europe. That is not just a number, it is millions of shattered lives, of children sleeping in shelters, of families facing eviction, of elderly people forced into insecurity. This is not an accident; it is the direct result of political choices that have let speculation, profit and neglect outweigh the fundamental right to housing.
The cost-of-living crisis has driven rents sky-high. Evictions push families into despair. A society that cannot guarantee homes for its people is a society that has lost sight of its most basic duty.
The same is true for healthcare. Health is not a commodity; it is a right. Yet across our continent, people are being left behind. Even before the pandemic, gaps in access and crushing out-of-pocket costs excluded millions. Covid-19 revealed just how fragile and unequal our systems are: medicine shortages, overwhelmed primary care, communities with no access to doctors. Mental health, reproductive health, chronic care, these remain scandalously underfunded.
This is unacceptable. In a community founded on human rights and solidarity, no one should have to choose between buying food or buying medicine. No child should grow up sick because their parents cannot pay. No elderly person should die in cold apartments or untreated because they cannot afford care.
Guaranteeing housing and health is not charity. It is justice. It is our legal duty and our moral imperative. It is the concrete expression of the right to life, to dignity, to a dignified existence. And it is the strongest defense of democracy itself. Because when social rights erode, fear grows, divisions deepen, and democracy weakens. But when we guarantee that every family has a home and every person can see a doctor without fear of ruin, we push back, directly and meaningfully, against the forces of inequality and authoritarianism.
Mr Stefan SCHENNACH, vielen Dank, and Ms Aurora FLORIDIA and all the colleagues.
You have been a great colleague. Heart for you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:06:25
Thank you.
Now, Mr Rónán MULLEN from the Group of the European People's Party has the floor.
Thank you very much.
Can you hear me? Yes. Apologies.
There is much to commend in both of these reports, but on the specific subject of the report on universal health coverage, it's a really, really important topic and it is vital that we would all share the view that the promotion of human health is, in a holistic way, an essential part of showing respect for human dignity. And universal health coverage is a very important topic.
I'm sorry to say that there is one problem, however, with this report, in that it has no reference at all to children, and I think that is a really regrettable thing, nor indeed does it reference people with disabilities. And this is a problem because the report does reference discrimination, quite rightly, in another context, the context of preventing gender discrimination. But when you select one, you devalue others.
The elephant in the room today is children who are dealing in our societies with mental health epidemics. And I think the report isn't sufficiently aware of the challenges that have emerged in recent years, in particular with regard to the online digital space.
So while it is good that the report talks about the social determinants of health, for example, the environment and food and energy, to ignore the new world that we're in now and the particular challenges that children face in a report about public health, we need to recall that the Council of Europe, in a report adopted in April of last year, said that pornography must be understood as a public health issue for which states are responsible to act. So we can't have a report about public health and universal health coverage unless we at least mention children.
Children are among the most vulnerable people in our society. So when we rightly address gender discrimination, we mustn't forget our future. And our children are our future and they need to be supported. And my amendment's attempt to address this in the specific context of the challenge of online access to pornography, which I think everybody recognises we need to address because of the mental health problems it's causing for young people.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:09:01
Thank you.
Now the floor goes to Ms Martina KEMPF of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates.
Press the microphone, please.
You have to put your card in the slot.
Madam President,
Ladies and gentlemen,
I will be voting against this report on universal health coverage because, among other things, it calls for accessible reproductive health services in paragraph 12, 1.5. But what does reproductive health mean? The World Health Organisation apparently understands reproductive health to include access to safe and legal abortion. We should be clear about this, because the issue of abortion, i.e. the killing of unborn babies, is viewed differently in different countries and is also regulated differently. In Germany, for example, the unborn have a right to life, and abortion is fundamentally wrong for the entire duration of pregnancy, according to the German Federal Constitutional Court. However, one can also guarantee various reproductive health services, but not include the abortion of unborn children, as the President of Malta made clear yesterday.
In any case, abortion does not improve a person's health, namely the health of the unborn child. Quite the opposite: the unborn child dies. But the mother is also exposed to many potentially serious risks to her health after an abortion, such as severe depression, according to a comprehensive New Zealand study from 2006. In addition, according to a Finnish study from 1996, the suicide rate among women triples in the year following a prenatal infanticide, while it is only about half as high among women in the year following a birth as in the average population. The link between breast cancer and abortion is controversial. However, a comprehensive Chinese meta-study published in 2013 shows an increased risk of breast cancer after an abortion. According to all this, killing the unborn child does not promote the health of the expectant mother, but instead worsens it. That is why I would like to reject it.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:11:49
Thank you.
I urge you all to keep to the 2 minute limit because we need more people to speak.
Now the floor goes to Ms Bernadeta COMA from the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.
Dear Madam President
Ladies and gentlemen,
This report is a powerful reminder that access to adequate housing is a fundamental right, inseparable from human dignity and social cohesion.
The report highlights three priorities: affordability, protection against unfair eviction and taking into account the needs of vulnerable people. These principles must guide the action of all our member states.
Faced with strong pressure on the property market, the Andorran government, aware that access to housing is the main concern of its citizens, has implemented a series of concrete policies to strengthen the right to housing, such as rent regulation, housing subsidies and aid for families and young households, and the market for vacant dwellings. In this case, unoccupied homes are to be put on the market or handed over to the government for affordable renting.
Another measure is the development of social and affordable housing. The government has created a public stock of accessible housing, aimed at young households, single-parent families and people with low incomes. This has involved buying up and renovating old or unused buildings to put them on the rental market at an affordable price. Finally, support for young people and families to access home ownership and complementary social measures.
We know that there is still a lot to be done in this area, both in Andorra and in other member states.
But we must strive to find a realistic and sustainable long-term solution for housing. Guaranteeing the right to adequate housing is a collective responsibility.
By supporting this report, we are affirming that housing is not a privilege, but a right.
Thank you for your attention.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:14:04
Thank you.
I call for Mr Yunus EMRE from the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.
Thank you, Madam President.
Dear colleagues,
Before my speech, I would like to to note that today is the 68th birthday of Mr Osman KAVALA, who has spent the last eight years of his life in Silivri Prison as a political prisoner. I wish him happy birthday and a long and healthy life with his loved ones.
Anyway, in this debate we are discussing two very important reports. The subjects of these reports embody a crucial vision in the field of human rights.
Human rights are not only about the exercise of individual freedoms. They also encompass social rights that make a safe and equitable life in society possible.
Once, a politician claimed there is no such thing as society. There are individual men and women, and there are families. The meaning of this statement was that if there is no society, and there is no need for social solidarity or social rights either.
Our societies have suffered greatly from this misguided mindset. Today we understand much better that society can only exist through solidarity. Society does not simply exist on its own. It is built by people themselves, through a sense of community and mutual support.
And the critical element of this construction is the recognition of social rights and the guarantee for all citizens. All of the material problems undermine democracy itself. There can be no democracy without demos.
And what, friends, is the link between demos and kratos? It is the assurance that people's living conditions are better than those of the generations before them. It is the certainty that everyone can participate in society as equal citizens, knowing that no barriers stand in their way.
Thank you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:16:24
Thank you.
And now the floor goes to Mr José María SÁNCHEZ GARCÍA from the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates.
Thank you very much Madam President.
The issue of housing in Europe is not something that we just face in, you know, Ukraine or elsewhere, Gaza, or any kind of conflict territory. It's actually something that holds true for many European countries. In fact, in all of our countries we have a housing problem.
In Spain, we have a terrible problem when it comes to housing, and I'm afraid it just goes on and on because we've got a socialist government in coalition with communists, and that has been the case since 2018. There's absolutely no social housing being built. You know, figures are mentioned in electoral campaigns but they are pure fantasy, pure wishful thinking.
And also when it comes to rental housing, again we've got problems. All our European policies, the conservative ones, since the Second World War, you know, these policies were intended to facilitate access to property, to the house in which you live in particular.
Now, I understand, you know, that we are talking about the middle classes in western capitalist societies, but it's been a real issue. And it's been an issue also in authoritarian regimes, both left wing and right wing, when it comes to, you know, communist regimes and others. What about their efforts to promote access to housing? None of it.
So the report before us I'm afraid today is not going in the right direction. You know, this is not something that is going to happen just like that. To create sufficient owned housing, particularly for low-income households, is just not going to happen, unless you adopt measures and policies, budgetary, fiscal measures, these are necessary. I think we know that perfectly well.
The tools required are clear: we're talking also about, you know, releasing land, freeing up that land so that housing can be built, and to make sure that housing is affordable. The housing needs to be affordable and we need public-private partnerships. We need to make sure that land is made available to private developers free of charge, of course with a condition – namely, that the houses that are built are made affordable, and that's important in terms of involving the authorities as well, making sure that these housing units are made affordable and accessible.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:19:02
Thank you.
Now the floor goes to Ms Yuliia OVCHYNNYKOVA, Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.
Madam President,
Dear colleagues,
First of all, thank you very much for your wonderful work, Ms Aurora FLORIDIA and Mr Stefan SCHENNACH and the Committee.
My speech will be about housing.
This report is very important and reminds us that a home is not just a roof; it is safety and the foundation of a life lived in peace. Housing is not a privilege or luxury, it is a human right, guaranteed by the European Social Charter and rooted in our shared values of dignity, equality, solidarity and democratic stability.
As a representative of Ukraine, I speak with a heavy heart. More than 2.5 million Ukrainian families have lost their homes. Not to poverty. Not to market forces. But to missiles. To deliberate, unjust destruction. Over 13% of Ukraine’s housing stock has been destroyed, displacing millions. Yet, even amid devastation, we are rebuilding, not just homes, but hope. The €100 million loan from the Council of Europe Development Bank to support compensation for destroyed homes is a lifeline. It is a testament to European solidarity in action.
But war is not the only force uprooting lives. Across our continent, climate change is becoming a silent displacer. Floods, fires and heatwaves, natural disasters are destroying homes and pushing people into homelessness. The climate crisis is also a housing crisis.
So, dear colleagues, let us act with the courage and compassion to make housing policies in our countries more human rights-based. Let us ensure that every person in Europe, regardless of income, origin or status, has a place to call home.
Thank you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:20:50
Thank you.
Now the floor goes to Ms Kolbrún Áslaugar BALDURSDÓTTIR from the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.
Madam President,
I want to thank the rapporteurs for their excellent reports. I will use this opportunity to focus on the one on “Analysis and guidelines to guarantee the right to housing”. The report is both comprehensive and detailed, and I fully endorse its recommendations as described in the report.
Today I want to highlight three areas: housing for young people, housing for low-income households, and housing for persons with disabilities. This includes meaningful participation of youth and vulnerable communities in housing policy design, as the Assembly invites national parliaments to ensure.
Even in Iceland, there has been a shortage of housing. Although construction has increased greatly in recent years, we still have a long way to go. Prices and rents remain very high. There are cases of people paying up to 70% of their income on rent, and around 40% on mortgage payments. It goes without saying that low-income families renting on this market have limited resources left to provide their children with decent nutrition, clothing, not to mention participation in other activities.
The current emphasis in Iceland is on affordable supply. Non-profit housing associations have been established, and pension funds are increasingly exploring participation in housing investments. The focus is on building smaller, cost-effective apartments that young people and low-income groups can realistically access.
Finally, housing for persons with disabilities requires urgent attention. Much of the older housing stock is not accessible for people with mobility impairments or wheelchair users. Our aim should be environments that are accessible and adapted to needs, making life easier, healthier and friendlier for everyone, so that special solutions become the exception rather than the rule. The key point is this: it is not the disability itself that creates the barrier; it is the built environment that prevents equal participation.
Thank you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:23:07
Thank you.
Now I call Ms Lianne ROOD from the observers.
Honourable colleagues,
I would like to thank the rapporteur for this comprehensive and thorough report on the promotion of universal healthcare.
Universal healthcare is one of the key principles of the Canadian healthcare system. It is designed to provide free access to family doctors, specialised healthcare workers in hospitals and more recently, dental care services for the most vulnerable Canadians.
While medications are free during hospitalisation, most prescription drugs remained uncovered by public health insurance. Unfortunately, as is too often the case, what sounds ideal has become difficult in practise.
Universal healthcare costs taxpayers far more than what is sustainable. Our standards of care are slipping. Approvals are slow for new medications and procedures. and it is a constant difficulty to attract talented doctors.
As noted in the report, there is a gap between the actual need for quality health services and their effective accessibility.
Wait times for priority procedures are too long, with many Canadians needing surgeries left stranded beyond the accepted timeline.
Our health workforce also faces shortages, including much needed nurses, family doctors and specialised surgeons.
This situation is particularly dire with regard to the availability of family doctors. More than one in five Canadians do not have a family doctor. These doctors play a key role in addressing health issues and redirecting patients towards specialists when needed.
All of this is happening while the Canadian population is getting older and the needs for healthcare services are increasing.
In most provinces, Canadians that can afford it have access to private health insurance and private clinics to accommodate some of their healthcare needs. But there are not nearly enough. These insurance companies often offer services that are not fully covered by public health insurance.
With all these domestic issues in mind, Canada remains a strong proponent of universal healthcare at the international level.
Canada's contributions to international medical needs cover many of the subjects touched upon by the rapporteur, including the improvement of gender equality in healthcare services and primary healthcare accessibility around the world.
Thank you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:25:23
Thank you.
I call for Ms Olena MOSHENETS from the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.
I thank the rapporteurs for paying attention to property destroyed and damaged in Ukraine as a result of the Russian war.
We are talking not only about numbers and statistics, but about a fundamental human right, the right of housing.
I would also like to thank the countries of the European Union for providing shelter and opportunities to millions of Ukrainians, who have been forced to leave their homes since the start of the full-scale invasion.
This support cannot be overestimated. Providing citizens with housing and reconstruction are among Ukraine's top priorities.
More than 4 million Ukrainians have been internally displaced persons.
More than 13% of the country's housing stock has been damaged or destroyed, affecting more than 2 million households.
Ukraine has launched special programmes which are the real tool for returning housing to people. These programmes were made possible thanks to Europe's assistance.
It is not just about financing: it's about solidarity, technology, partnership and trust.
Every restored home is not just bricks. It restores faith, security and hope for millions of Ukrainians.
At the same time, we must not forget who is responsible for this destruction.
Russia is deliberately destroying Ukrainian cities and villages, leaving thousands of families homeless. And this is not just about the consequence of war, but about war crimes.
International law, in particular Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, clearly states that large-scale destruction and appropriation of property not justified by military necessity is a crime, and criminals must be punished.
Ukrainian reconstruction is not only about rebuilding homes, it's about restoring justice.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:27:33
Thank you.
Now I call for the last speaker in this debate, Mr Christophe LACROIX from the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group.
Thank you, Madam Chairman.
This is a surprise, I thought we were finishing at 7:25pm. But here we are, I'm ready.
I would like to thank my colleague Mr Stefan SCHENNACH for this clear, ambitious and deeply humane text, which is so much like him.
It reminds us of something essential: health is not a privilege, but a right. And this right must be guaranteed to everyone, everywhere, without exception. Yes, this right is still too often undermined, particularly in the most rural areas, and I can speak from experience because I am the mayor of a small commune in Belgium.
In many European countries, entire villages no longer have doctors, pharmacies or even public transport to reach a health centre. Residents have to travel dozens of kilometres for a simple consultation. And if you're elderly, isolated or living in precarious conditions, you're excluded from the healthcare system.
And yet, solutions do exist. Partnerships between local authorities and health services enable a minimum medical presence to be maintained. But for this to happen, we need to invest and show the will to guarantee access to healthcare, even in the most remote areas. And this political will must also be reflected in budgets.
And here I want to sound the alarm. In several Member States, health spending is under pressure. And in Belgium, savings of nearly a billion euros have been announced for 2026. How can we guarantee universal coverage, including for the most vulnerable, if the resources are not there? Health must not be a budgetary adjustment variable; it is an investment in social cohesion, dignity and democracy.
So yes, this resolution is a call to action, and I believe that we must respond with ambition, courage and, above all, solidarity. We will miss you, Stefan, and I will miss you particularly.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Thank you, Mister President.
And huge thank you, Mr Stefan SCHENNACH. It is hard to find enough words to appreciate a whole lifetime of dedication to the human rights and fight for their protection that you, Stephan, have carried out.
Access to healthcare is a right, not a privilege. And it is worth repeating this thousand times.
Armenia aligns fully with the core message of the report. In recent years, the Government of Armenia has undertaken a profound reform of healthcare system. Not a minor adjustment, but a foundational shift towards Universal Health Care (UHC). I am proud to inform you dear colleagues, that the Government of Armenia and our Minster of Healthcare, another woman minister, have officially declared the launch of the Comprehensive Universal Health Insurance system, starting in January 2026.
The path is not easy. As rightly stressed by the rapporteur UHC needs to be collectively owned and requires strategic alignment of all stakeholders. We have adopted a staged implementation of the reform to guarantee a well-planned process that will be fully responsive to our population's needs.
This new system is designed with the core principles of this report at its heart, including equitable access to a defined package of essential health services, financial protection to shield our citizens, especially the most vulnerable from catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditures, a strong emphasis on primary healthcare.
We have backed our political commitment with substantial financial investment. The state allocation for healthcare has been doubled from 2018 to 2025. A further 1/3 rise is to follow. A large-scale construction and renovation of hospitals and medical centers throughout Armenia is underway right now, with an emphasis on rural areas, expanding the reach of essential medicines there. Life expectancy in Armenia has rebounded to 78.6 years in 2024, an increase of 2.7 years since 2018. Breast cancer mortality has declined by 1/3 in 6 years, premature mortality is steadily decreasing, and over 93% of children are covered by national immunization programs.
As a dedicated member of the Mental Health Pan-European Coalition, we implement reforms shifting mental health care from institutional to prevention and community based support.
To conclude, let us, and I quote the rapporteur, “Make health an effective and universal right, at the heart of democracy and respect for human dignity.”
Thank you.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
First of all I would like to thank Mr Stefan SCHENNACH for his extraordinary efforts for this organization.
Dear colleagues,
The clear recognition of the right to housing as a human right is a significant achievement for human dignity. Therefore, I congratulate the rapporteur on her important work.
Housing should not be treated as an investment tool, but as a means for everyone to live with dignity. Vacant apartments, houses bought solely for citizenship but left unused, and the lack of social housing policies, combined with economic crises, create a major life crisis, especially for those just starting their lives and disadvantaged groups.
Millions of people work hard to succeed in life while living in damp, sunless, unsafe, and unhygienic places far from city centers. They are judged by the same standards as others and, naturally, fall behind.
When poverty is passed down from generation to generation, we are not creating equal opportunities for the future but perpetuating greater inequalities. For this reason, we must not consider the right to housing merely as a political issue that changes with political ideologies. Instead, we must treat it as a human right deserving of proper legal and practical recognition.
We should encourage its protection on the constitutional level across Europe and pressure governments to fulfill their responsibilities to ensure everyone has access to dignified housing conditions.
Thank you.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Thank you, Mister President.
I commend Ms Aurora FLORIDIA for presenting a report that accurately reflects the severity of a pressing issue affecting millions across Europe: access to adequate housing. This right, enshrined in International Law and the European Social Charter, encompasses living in safety, dignity, and peace, with access to essential services.
Despite this recognition, the statistics are alarming. In 2023, over 1.3 million people in Europe were homeless, including 400 000 children. Nearly 20 million individuals experienced severe housing deprivation. The responses to this crisis vary widely across countries.
In Spain, we have adopted a comprehensive, rights-based approach. In 2023, we passed our first Housing Rights Law, which enables the designation of stressed housing zones, regulates rental prices, and strengthens tenant protections. Public land has been mobilized to increase affordable housing supply, and innovative financial tools have been introduced, such as public mortgage guarantees, rental subsidies for young people, and tax incentives for landlords who comply with regulated price indices.
In 2024, this strategy was reinforced with a significant budget increase. New measures were launched, including a 30 000 euros subsidy for rent-to-own schemes, rural housing aid of up to 10 800 euros, and a rental default insurance program for young tenants. Additionally, 53 000 illegal tourist apartments were removed from the market and returned to residential use.
These policies align with broader goals of sustainability, gender equality, and territorial cohesion, prioritizing vulnerable groups such as youth, the elderly, people with disabilities, and those at risk of social exclusion.
We fully support the resolutions proposed in this report: housing must be treated as a human right. Therefore, a coordinated European response is essential, one that builds on successful practices and shared commitments.
Housing is fundamental to democratic stability, social justice, and human dignity. Europe must act collectively to ensure that every person, regardless of origin or income level, has a decent place to call home.
Thank you.
Discours non prononcé (Règlement, Art. 31.2), disponible uniquement en anglais.
Discours non prononcé (Règlement, Art. 31.2), disponible uniquement en anglais.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Thank you to our rapporteur for this powerful report on the right to housing. The report reinforces that housing is a human right, and that the right to housing shouldn’t be used as a political football by those who seek to cause division and disruption in our society.
The report’s recommendations align very well with the work of the Labour Party in Government in the UK, and with my own personal values. I commend Labour YIMBY, Labour Housing Group and the Fabian Society in particular for all their policy work to make home building a central focus of the new Labour Government’s Growth Mission.
We have a critical shortage of affordable and social housing in the UK.
Housing provision in Britain has declined over decades.
Right-to-buy has never been matched with right-to-build.
Homelessness has risen under the previous Conservative Government to gut-wrenchingly high levels.
And the housebuilding sector had its foundations eroded through NIMBYism, flip-flop policy making and a revolving door of Housing Ministers.
It is time to Build Baby Build.
I am incredibly proud of our UK Government who has put forward £39 billion to build 300 000 social and affordable homes.
We need more homes in every town, village and community across the UK. It’s a national endeavour that creates opportunity for our builders, our industrial sector, our public sector, private investment and community groups.
But as well as commitment of money from Government, we also need innovation in the way we deliver these homes.
We should look to models like the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit in the United States, which harness private capital for public good by providing incentives to invest in genuinely affordable homes. Britain needs new tools of this kind if we are serious about scaling up council and social housing again.
We also need a stronger culture of representative planning. Too often, housing debates are captured by narrow local interests. The loudest, angriest voices cut through and drown out those most in need.
If people are engaged more inclusively, then development can be both fairer and more welcomed by the communities where it’s delivered.
This report is a call to action.
It’s a call the UK is answering.
As our Secretary of State for Housing said this week: “We have been the dreamers, we have been the sufferers, but now, we are the builders.”
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
I congratulate the authors of these two important reports. Tackling health inequalities and access to appropriate housing are closely linked issues, so it is appropriate we are discussing them together. In the United Kingdom we cherish our National Health Service and our Labour government is investing record funding in our health services.
And yet in the UK, as across Europe, we still have much work to do to realise the goals of the UHC2030 Global Compact. I want to focus on the issue of social care and in particular care services for disabled people. Because in too many countries, a shortage of accessible housing is preventing the delivery of rights based social care for disabled people. Too many are still receiving care in institutions far from their own communities, rather than in their own homes, close to the people they love.
The report on universal health coverage rightly highlights the importance of the Oviedo Convention in establishing equitable access to care, but Inclusion Europe and other disability charities have raised significant concerns over the draft amendment to the Oviedo protocol, as it fails to break the link between intellectual disability and involuntary treatment in secure institutions.
We must drive care out of institutions and into our communities. We have much to do across Europe and also to support efforts to reduce the number of people in care institutions in Ukraine. I recently met with the All Ukrainian NGO Coalition for People with Learning Disabilities in Kyiv. They told me how badly disabled people in Ukraine have been affected by Russia’s invasion, and how the vital work of reducing the number people in care institutions has been set back as a result. We will need to support this vital work in Ukraine as well as take forward initiatives in our own countries to move care out of institutions into the places people call home. Care services delivered in local communities in accessible for housing for disabled people are vital if we are to realise our ambition to achieve universal health coverage for all.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:29:46
Thank you.
We must now interrupt the list of speakers. The speeches of members on the speakers list who have been present during the debate but have not been able to speak may be given to the Table Office for publication in the Official Report.
I call now for Mr Stefan SCHENNACH, rapporteur, to reply.
Mr Stefan SCHENNACH, you have 3 minutes.
Thank you, Madam President.
I thank all who participated in this debate.
But before you vote, I want to remind you that my proposal in this resolution is that the Council of Europe will join the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Partnership. It was created in 2016 by the World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), civil society and also the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) is supporting them.
I think it's the right moment for the Council of Europe to join this platform. The membership would not require any financial contribution, but it would be a very strong signal if the Council of Europe joins this platform.
If Ms Aurora FLORIDIA allows me two sentences...
Mr José María SÁNCHEZ GARCÍA, you have a friend in your group, he's from Vienna, he's the vice-chair of the group – Mr Martin GRAF. Maybe you should ask him to invite you to Vienna to see what social housing means in a city where more than 30% live in social housing, which are very nice.
I had the chance to host our rapporteur, and she was also very impressed with what was possible. We have been in the new neighbourhood with Ms Petra BAYR, Sonnwendviertel. And she was really deeply impressed. And it's possible. And you press down the prices and the speculation, and it's possible.
So, for the health coverage, whatever I heard, I say now in German to Ms Martina KEMPF.
This issue of abortion, Ms Martina KEMPF, is exclusively a woman's right to self-determination and that is how it should be.
We men should also always understand that this is a woman's right to self-determination. With this in mind, Mr Rónán MULLEN, I am sorry that I had to reject your amendments in Committee.
I hope we don't have to have a big debate about it here, as that would simply go beyond the scope of this report. Thank you once again for your participation.
Thank you very much for your participation.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:33:05
Thank you.
I now give the floor to Ms Aurora FLORIDIA, Rapporteur, to reply. You have also 3 minutes.
Thank you, Madam President.
Dear colleagues,
Thank you very much for your valuable contribution and insights shared. They show that the issue of the right to housing and the housing issue is a pressing one, a common one, and that we have to act now.
It also shows that we have to restore the balance. There is no balance at the moment, on the one side, due to the outsourced sector, and on the other side, the fact that housing is treated as a commodity. And so we have to find a balance.
As Mr Stefan SCHENNACH said before, and Ms Petra BAYR too, I invite you to come and to go to Vienna to see how a social housing system works.
We also have to start and be really firm when we say it is a human right. It is a human right, and I suggest to the colleagues who say it is only a social right to read the robust chapter we prepared on the housing sector, on international law.
We wanted to offer good practices and to reaffirm the role that a state can and should have in shaping housing policy. For this reason, I explored Vienna's approach to social housing, one of the most successful examples of strong, state-led housing policy.
It's true, I could speak about Vienna and the housing system for hours. But let's repeat the key points. Over 60% of Vienna's population lives in subsidised municipal housing backed by 500 million annually, and with 1% salary tax. Social housing keeps rents affordable and ensures a balanced social mix, while urban development protects green spaces covering half the city.
Vienna demonstrates that concrete action is possible, and it highlights the central role of the state. Again, let us put the state back in the middle of the debate in ensuring adequate housing for all through prevention, social policies and public investment.
It is, of course, true that Vienna has been working on this approach for a century. But that does not mean that we cannot adopt similar measures and adapt them to the realities of our own countries.
Let me sincerely thank all the people and institutions we worked with during these past two years and including the Council of Europe Development Bank. Thanks for the excellent teamwork that made this report possible. Thanks, Mr Paul GALLES. Thanks to the staff of the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development. Thanks, Ms Aiste RAMANAUSKAITE, for the patience she had with me.
And I am really honoured to sit close to Mr Stefan SCHENNACH, who, with his experience, helped a lot in shaping this report that is meant to be like a book to read and to see what you can do in your own country on the legal side, on the practical side, tools to be applied. Thank you very much.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:37:20
Thank you, Madam Aurora FLORIDIA. I allowed you 1 minute more to thank everybody because, obviously, they deserve it.
Does the Chairperson of the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development wish to speak? You have 3 minutes, please.
Pays-Bas, SOC, Présidente de la Commission des questions sociales, de la santé et du développement durable
19:37:34
I will be as quick as I can because I have two reports and then I have to say something about Mr Stefan SCHENNACH. So I hope for a little bit of your lenience.
The joint debate is ending and I thank everybody for your opinions and your thoughts on both of the reports. I really love to hear how you look at this from different perspectives and how it is perceived in all the world, including Canada.
Even in relatively prosperous Europe, the right to adequate housing and the right to health for all remain unfulfilled promises for a lot of people. And a de facto denial of these rights threatens the social cohesion of our societies. And it hits the very foundations of our democracies. As the new Democratic Pact for Europe is being built, it reminds us that democracy lives in the decisions we make together and housing and health are things that are bothersome problems for all of our citizens.
Our decisions and action must go in the direction of strengthening our society and protecting the neediest. Protecting democracy also means protecting social inclusion, promoting and embracing social rights and tackling socio-economic inequalities effectively. To be credible as politicians, to be strong as society, we have to show that democracy can deliver and leaves no one behind. Delivering on housing, delivering on the right to food, delivering on the right to health.
The rights to housing and health protection are underpinned by various treaties of the Council of Europe, notably the European Social Charter. We need to use these treaties better, making them not only dead instruments on our tables, but making them living instruments that serve social justice. Greater involvement of national parliaments and governments is necessary to help translate our paper commitments to progress on the ground.
Our state should drive social justice, including through smart policies and public investments, and what these two rapporteurs show us is that it is very easy and it can be done. We just need to add things to our instruments. And this is also about aligning our Sustainable Development Goals and I'm very happy that you also brought that into the report.
So I trust our colleagues that we can support the draft resolutions and that we can, most importantly of all, work together to bring them to reality on the ground for people in our countries.
And then, Mr Stefan SCHENNACH, I heard you had written 34 reports, and then I did some calculations, four reports a year. And if I consider that you look really well and energised, because sometimes in our Committee I could see you were sometimes tired and I thought, poor Stefan. But now I know why you were tired! You were working on so many reports that nothing could be helped. You have been wonderful on our Committee. You have been a strong rapporteur with strong opinions. You are a joyful person to be next to. You are welcoming new members up until today to explain the workings of our plenary and our Parliament.
And I found most heartwarming what you always brought home to all the committees that you were in, that is the visits to political prisoners. You have brought a lot of, I think, a slight glimmer of hope, even when they are in very, very difficult situations. And even when you went to those countries, it was not easy, but you always had good relations on all sides of the aisle. I think that is very important.
Yes, I will come to a conclusion. So, Stefan, I will miss you very much and I hope you will be back and you will get some big prize like a medal but the plush version.
(Undelivered speech, Rules of Procedure Art. 31.2)
Biological sex exists at a cellular level, it’s present in every single tissue of the body, creating the physiological differences between men and women.
Too often, research is conducted without considering important sex-based differences.
The medical trials that inform clinical practice often fail to report results by sex, despite the significant differences in disease pathology, symptoms and drug metabolism.
Because the research underpinning many drug therapies fails to account for sex-based differences, treatments may be sub-optimally tailored to women or result in far higher rates of side effects.
This bias extends to pre-clinical trials where male mice constitute most of the research population.
Female mice are viewed as having a greater biological diversity, with their hormonal cycle interacting with the research drug.
Some researchers believe using female mice will increase the study’s costs and muddle trial results. Yet, examining how these sex-based differences in mice impact a drug’s efficacy can be vital in understanding how the drug will affect half the human population.
If a study can cherry-pick its trial population or ignore obvious confounding factors, its results may not be reproducible. This could lead to potentially harmful interactions; only detectable after the drug is released into the population.
Insufficient research into how diseases and medications affect women will perpetuate health inequalities.
This deep-seated research bias within academia and hospitals must be challenged.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:41:58
Thank you.
I consider the debate concluded now.
The Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development has presented a draft resolution, Document 16244, on the right to housing, to which 15 amendments have been tabled.
They will be taken in the order in which they appear in the compendium.
I remind you that the speeches on the amendments are limited to 30 seconds.
I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendment 5 to the draft resolution, Document 16244, which was anonymously approved by the Committee, be declared as definitely approved.
Is that so, Ms Saskia KLUIT?
Pays-Bas, SOC, Présidente de la Commission des questions sociales, de la santé et du développement durable
19:42:47
That is correct.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:42:49
Okay, if no one objects, I would consider that the amendment is approved.
Is there any objection? Okay.
Now, Amendment 5 to the draft resolution is therefore approved and will not be called.
I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendments 1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 2 and 15 to the draft resolution, Document 16244, which were rejected by the Committee with a two-thirds majority, be declared as definitely rejected.
Is that so, Ms Saskia KLUIT? That's correct.
If no one objects, I will consider that the amendments are to be rejected. I see that there is an objection.
I would like to vote, if it's possible.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:43:56
So we need then 10 members from the Assembly to stand up.
Yes, there are 10 members.
So the amendments will be put to vote.
Okay. So I call for Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO to support Amendment 1. You have 30 seconds.
Does anyone else wish to support Amendment 1?
I don't see. Okay. Anyone?
It is just a rewording that better clarifies the concept.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:44:51
Anyone wants to speak against the amendment? (No, no, it's Amendment 1).
Okay, we shall put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is open.
The Committee rejected the amendment with two-thirds of the majority.
Pays-Bas, SOC, Présidente de la Commission des questions sociales, de la santé et du développement durable
19:45:26
Normally, the rapporteur also gives an opinion.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:45:34
But there was a call for someone to speak against the amendment and nobody actually answered.
But okay, the rapporteur. What's the opinion of the rapporteur?
I am against this amendment from Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO.
It is factually wrong and it has a wrong figure, and for this reason, I'm against it.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:46:11
Okay, the vote is now closed.
So the vote is rejected.
We go to Amendment 9.
Does anyone wish to support Amendment 9?
Ms Elisabetta GARDINI? Or someone else?
This amendment seeks to avoid an overly ideological approach. Housing is indeed a social need, but it is also the main form of family savings and an economic driver. Both dimensions must be recognised.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:46:48
Okay, does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?
Okay, I speak against this amendment, as I said this morning, because housing is not merely a social need. Under international law, Article 11 of the UN Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, housing is a fundamental human right. So I'm against.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:47:27
Okay.
Now I remind you that the Committee rejected this amendment with a two thirds majority and I shall now put the amendment to vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 9 is rejected.
Amendment No. 3.
I shall call to someone to support Amendment 3. Mr Paul GALLES, you have 30 seconds.
Luxembourg, PPE/DC, Rapporteur pour avis
19:48:07
Thank you, Chair.
Migration and asylum policies, especially the reception and integration, have a very big impact on people's ability to find their feet in the new host societies and access adequate housing.
That's why we think that these policies can prevent homelessness. And for example, by ensuring there is insufficient space in reception centres and so on.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:48:32
Thank you. Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?
What is the opinion of the Committee to the amendment? The Chair?
Pays-Bas, SOC, Présidente de la Commission des questions sociales, de la santé et du développement durable
19:48:51
We adopted this amendment.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:48:55
Okay.
I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is closed.
Now I call for the result to be displayed.
The amendment is agreed.
Amendment 4.
I call for Mr Paul GALLES to support the amendment.
Luxembourg, PPE/DC, Rapporteur pour avis
19:49:29
This amendment highlights a legal obligation under international human rights law to protect people from enforced eviction, no matter their administrative status. Unfortunately, this legal obligation must be emphasised, as it is not always respected in practise.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:49:49
Thank you.
Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?
No. What is the opinion of the Chair of the Committee?
Pays-Bas, SOC, Présidente de la Commission des questions sociales, de la santé et du développement durable
19:49:58
The Amendment was adopted with a normal majority.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:50:03
I shall put now the amendment to vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
What is the result to be displayed?
The amendment is agreed to.
Amendment 10.
I call for someone to support the amendment.
The tenant's rights must be protected, but balance requires also defending the rights of small property owners who may otherwise face unfair burdens.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:50:46
Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?
The Rapporteur.
I'm against this amendment because in our text, there is the recognition for the need to balance protection for both owners and tenants. It's there? So, it's redundant.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:51:11
Okay. What is the opinion of the Chair of the Committee?
Pays-Bas, SOC, Présidente de la Commission des questions sociales, de la santé et du développement durable
19:51:16
This amendment was rejected by a two-thirds majority.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:51:21
I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
I shall call for the result to be displayed.
The amendment is rejected.
Amendment 11. I call for someone to support the amendment.
Short-term rentals are not only a challenge, but also an economic resource, especially for families and tourism.
Regulation should not harm these positive aspects.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:52:05
I call for someone to speak against the amendment.
I am against this amendment because it shifts the focus to the economic rights and interests of property owners.
And we call for balancing the current housing crisis across Europe. For this reason, I am against.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:52:38
Thank you.
The Committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.
I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed. I call for the result to be displayed.
This amendment is rejected.
Amendment number 12. I call on someone to support the amendment.
While affordability is important, strict rent control can reduce housing supply.
The amendment promotes fair practises without undermining private investment.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:53:24
Thank you.
Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?
I am against these amendments because we focus on a social and public focus, aiming to protect tenants and address the housing crisis.
These amendments were set by my colleague Ms Elisabetta GARDINI. And I remember from her that according to Article 41 of the Italian constitution, private economic initiatives are free, but cannot be carried out in a way that conflicts with social utility.
Thank you. I'm against.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:54:08
Thank you.
The Committee rejected this amendment with two-thirds majority.
I shall now put the amendment to vote.
The vote is open.
The vote is closed now.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 12 is rejected.
Amendment 6.
I call for Mr Paul GALLES to support the amendment.
Luxembourg, PPE/DC, Rapporteur pour avis
19:54:37
Thank you.
This amendment records the recommendations adopted by our Committee of Ministers in 2019, extending social and housing support for young refugees beyond the age of 18, for example, until the age of 21. It is essential to help them find their footing and achieve independence in their life.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:54:57
Thank you.
Does anyone want to speak against the amendment? I don't see.
What is the opinion of the Chair of the Committee on this amendment?
Pays-Bas, SOC, Présidente de la Commission des questions sociales, de la santé et du développement durable
19:55:06
It was adopted in the Committee.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:55:11
The vote is now closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 6 is adopted.
Amendment 13.
I call for anyone to support the amendment.
It clarifies that priority should be given to citizens and legal residents.
Extending equal access indiscriminately, including to irregular migrants, risks undermining public trust and cohesion.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:55:54
Thank you.
Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?
Yes. I'm against this amendment because it is really a sort of discrimination against certain vulnerable groups.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:56:08
The Committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.
I shall now put the amendment to vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
I call the result to be displayed.
Amendment 13 is rejected.
We go to Amendment 14.
I call for someone to support the amendment.
So, "promote renovation of ageing housing stock in a manner that is economically sustainable and does not impose disproportionate costs on families and small property owners". This is the suggestion. Green renovation is important, but the cost must be proportionate and should not create an unsustainable burden for families and small property holders.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:57:01
Does anyone want to speak against the amendment?
Mr Stefan SCHENNACH.
This is a big mistake by the mover of this amendment.
You must have a system where you make a reservation over the whole time of renting so that renovation is not in a brutal shock for all people who are doing that. If you want to know how it's possible, we can show you how it's possible in Vienna.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:57:35
Thank you. The Committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.
I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
I call for the results to be displayed.
The amendment is rejected.
We go to Amendment 7. I call for Mr Paul GALLES to support Amendment 7.
Luxembourg, PPE/DC, Rapporteur pour avis
19:58:03
It's a huge amendment, because it makes a series of concrete recommendations as to how migrants and refugees, to give them access to housing, it can be improved. And furthermore, it also has some references, relevant recommendations made in other Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe resolutions.
So you see, there are a lot of things that may seem self-evident. Like for example, the increasing of spaces in reception centres, conditions that protect people's human dignity, and so on.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:58:37
Thank you.
Does anyone want to speak against the amendment?
I don't see. What is the opinion of the Committee?
Pays-Bas, SOC, Présidente de la Commission des questions sociales, de la santé et du développement durable
19:58:44
The Committee adopted the amendment.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:58:48
Thank you. I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The amendment is adopted.
We go to Amendment 2.
I call for someone to support Amendment 2. I don't see anyone.
Is there anyone who wants to speak against the amendment?
Okay.
The content is right, but the place is wrong – the content of the amendment.
But this amendment has nothing to do with a report about social housing. That's what the content is. For that, we need another report on the restructuring of the Ukraine. But this is not the report for that.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
19:59:50
The Committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.
I shall now put the amendment to a vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The amendment is rejected.
Amendment 8. I call for Mr Paul GALLES to support Amendment 8.
Luxembourg, PPE/DC, Rapporteur pour avis
20:00:17
Thank you again.
So this amendment is about the non-criminalisation of humanitarian organisations and individuals.
It reiterates resolutions and recommendations that we have already made here in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. So it's pretty obvious.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:00:35
Thank you.
Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment? I don't see.
What is the opinion of the Chair of the Committee?
Pays-Bas, SOC, Présidente de la Commission des questions sociales, de la santé et du développement durable
20:00:44
The Committee adopted this amendment.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:00:49
I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
This amendment is adopted.
Amendment 15.
Does anyone wish to speak about the amendment?
Yes. The concept of domicile is not clearly defined in international law and risks being politically misused. It should not be introduced without proper legal clarity and consensus. Thank you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:01:27
Thank you.
Does anyone want to speak against the amendment?
I speak against this amendment.
We dedicated a chapter on Ukraine and on the enormous damages that they are suffering from losing their houses. And to introduce the concept of domicide is really important. We just say that member states can work towards the recognition of domicide. Nothing more.
Thank you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:02:01
Thank you. The Committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.
I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The amendment is rejected.
This was the last amendment. So we now proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Document 16244 as amended.
A simple majority is required.
The vote is now open.
Now it's open.
The vote is now closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
It's adopted. The draft resolution in Document 16244, as amended, is adopted.
Now we come to the second report from the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development on promoting universal health coverage.
The Committee has presented the draft resolution, Document 16243, to which three amendments have been tabled.
They will be taken in the order in which they appear in the compendium.
I remind you that the speeches on the amendments are limited to 30 seconds.
I understand that the Chair of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendments 3 and 1 to the draft resolution, which were rejected by the Committee with a two-thirds majority, be declared as definitely rejected.
Is that so, Ms Saskia KLUIT?
Yes. Is there anyone who objects?
Vote, please.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:04:07
We need again 10 people to stand.
Okay, so we have 10 people.
So the amendments will be put to a vote.
We go to Amendment 3.
I call Mr Rónán MULLEN to support Amendment 3.
I read recently that 50% of 10 to 12 year olds in France are addicted to pornography. This is a major emerging mental health issue. And just as it is correct in the report to address the need for comprehensive care for victims of violence, we cannot ignore emerging risks if we are to look to the future in a comprehensive way.
Because there are people who are not necessarily victims of violence, but whose health is being damaged. And this is important for universal health coverage.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:05:13
Thank you, Mr Rónán MULLEN.
Mr Stefan SCHENNACH, you want to speak against?
As I said in the Committee, it's really unnecessary.
What is the content of this amendment? And I insist that we stay with the original text, which is very clear and doesn't need any restrictions.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:05:36
The Committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.
I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The amendment is rejected.
Amendment 1.
I go to Mr Rónán MULLEN to support Amendment 1.
Thank you, Chair.
I think it's important that children would not be omitted completely from this report as it currently stands. We need to talk about the emerging problems and digital-related considerations, such as screen time, the right to disconnect and protection from harmful online content.
I think every parent who thinks about this knows that we mustn't leave this out of any discussion on universal health coverage.
Thank you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:06:34
Thank you.
Mr Stefan SCHENNACH, you would like to speak against the amendment.
Mister Rónán MULLEN, I'm sorry.
It's a miracle because this amendment does not really have any connection with the social determination of health. So please don't support this amendment, as it happened in the Committee.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:06:59
The Committee rejected this amendment with a two-thirds majority.
I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
Amendment 1 is rejected.
Amendment 2.
I call Mr Rónán MULLEN to support Amendment 2.
Thank you.
One of the things that is very noteworthy is the concern among feminists about the impact on the relationship between men and women and men's attitude to women as a result of addiction to an overexposure to pornography.
Again, it should be possible for Universal Health Coverage to be engaging and ensuring preventative measures so that people are educated. Healthcare isn't just about giving people tablets. It's about preventing problems before they arise.
Thank you.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:07:58
Thank you.
Mr Stefan SCHENNACH, would you like to speak against the amendment?
Again, the problem is far too specific to be included in the Universal Health Coverage concept and in this package.
This has no reason to be there, and please, I ask you not to support this amendment.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:08:26
Thank you.
What is the opinion of the Chair of the Committee?
Pays-Bas, SOC, Présidente de la Commission des questions sociales, de la santé et du développement durable
20:08:31
It was rejected in the Committee.
Bulgarie, PPE/DC, Présidente de l'Assemblée
20:08:33
I shall now put the amendment to the vote.
The vote is now open.
The vote is now closed.
I call for the result to be displayed.
The amendment is rejected.
This was the last amendment of the draft resolution.
We will now proceed to vote on the draft resolution contained in Document 16243, as amended.
A simple majority is required.
The vote is now open.
I close the vote now, and I call for the result to be displayed.
The draft resolution in Document 16243, as amended, is adopted.
We are a little bit late, out of time. But now with this, our Agenda finishes and the Parliamentary Assembly will hold its next public sitting tomorrow at 10 a.m. with the Agenda approved on Monday.
I would like to thank the interpreters.
The sitting is adjourned.