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mardi 24 juin 2025 après-midi

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Ouverture de la séance n° 22

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

15:35:40

The sitting is open.

Dear colleagues, this morning we held a ballot to elect a judge to the European Court of Human Rights in respect of the United Kingdom, an absolute majority of the votes was required. I will now announce the results.

Total number of members voting: 166.

Number of spoiled or blank ballot papers: 1.

Number of valid votes: 165.

Absolute majority of the votes cast: 83.

The votes were cast as follows. Mr Hugh MERCER: 151.

Ms Deok Joo RHEE: 4.

Mr Sam WORDSWORTH: 10.

So Mr Hugh MERCER, having obtained a majority of votes cast, is elected Judge of the European Court of Human Rights for a term of office of nine years, which shall commence not later than three months after his election. Let's applaud him and welcome him. Now I wish to ask the Assembly to approve changes in the Agenda for the afternoon of Wednesday 25 June and the day of Thursday 26 June. It is because of the visit of President ZELENSKYY in the evening after the signature ceremony, we expect him to be at our Assembly.

And on this occasion I would like to congratulate the Committee of Ministers that has decided just half an hour ago, as far as I know, to authorise the Secretary General to sign this agreement.

The debate on "Draft protocol amending...", I'm now announcing the changes. The debate on "Draft protocol amending the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism" is currently due to take place on Thursday morning. I propose to bring that forward to Wednesday afternoon. The debates on "Saving the lives of migrants at sea and protecting their human rights" and "The challenges and needs of public and private actors involved in migration management" are due to take place on Thursday afternoon. I propose to bring this debate forward to Thursday morning. The debate on "Promoting inclusive participation in parliamentary life, gender equality, accessibility and inclusive policies" is due to take place on Thursday morning. I propose to have this debate on Thursday afternoon. Is this agreed to? Yes. So we have an agreement.

And before we continue, I want to remind members that they should insert their badge before taking the floor. As you begin, please press the microphone button once only, wait for a couple of seconds and then start talking. I also remind the Assembly that members who have not submitted an annual declaration of interest are required to start any intervention with an oral declaration of interest under paragraph 20 of the Code of Conduct for Members of the Parliamentary Assembly. I also remind members that speaking times are limited to two minutes for all of today's debates. The next item on the Agenda is questions to our Secretary General, Mr Alain BERSET. We will first hear questions from the speakers on behalf of the political groups and hear a response from Mr BERSET to those questions. Please will the speakers limit their intervention to 30 seconds? 30 seconds. I remind colleagues that they should ask one single question and not make speeches.

So I will start. Dear Alain, would you like to stay here or to go to the rostrum? Whatever you prefer, maybe the rostrum is better. Okay. So I will start with Mr Frank SCHWABE, the leader of the Socialists, Greens and Democrats. Mr SCHWABE, you have the floor for 30 seconds.

Séance des questions: M. Alain BERSET, Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe

M. Frank SCHWABE

Allemagne, SOC

15:39:53

Dear Mr President,

Dear Mr Secretary General,

We were informed that there was a letter of nine countries to whoever, to the public or I don't know, about the question of migration and how to treat the Convention and how to deal with the Court. And maybe it's a good opportunity here because all the ambassadors are here to say what you think we have to do with the letter.

You want to ignore it because it was not addressed to no one, or you think we should answer how we should deal with the letter?

M. Alain BERSET

Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe

15:40:38

Thank you very much, Mr SCHWABE, for this question. 

This is maybe the first occasion that I can also speak at the Assembly about this issue. I want to recall how it happened. I was informed – I read in the papers – that there was a public letter addressed by nine countries of the European continent, all members of the European Union, all members of the Council of Europe, addressing the question and issue on migration and the role of the Court.

About this case: I want to be honest – it's known now, and I repeat this one more time; maybe it's the last time I will repeat this; who knows? – I never received this letter, nor did the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), nor the Committee of Ministers (CM), nor the Court. For us, it was a non-existent letter, but it was a public letter. Thank God we are able to read newspapers, to read the news and to have the information about this. That's the first element.

The second element? It doesn't mention the Council of Europe. This letter mentioned other institutions – for example, NATO or others, but not the Council of Europe.

And the next question is: what does it mean, and how can we proceed with this? I make this clear because it is not a good start for having a political discussion on, well, any issue. It is not a good start for this. I made this point clear before the CM. I also made this point clear in public statements. I want to make this point clear also here. And I also take this occasion to make clear that if in-depth debate is always healthy, politicising the Court is absolutely not. We are advocating all year long for the independent judiciary to know the difference between government and judicial power, and exactly the opposite is happening here. I mean, it's not a good start for such a discussion. I made it clear, and I will continue on this path.

Saying this, it must be possible, in the right context, to address all political issues. You have at PACE a committee working on migration. It is possible to raise this issue at the CM. It is possible to raise this issue between member states. It must be possible to have all this discussion in an appropriate context.

As we understand, this issue about migration will probably remain strong in member states for different reasons. Nine countries signed the letter. But, my impression – reading newspapers one more time – is that migration issues and the discussion in Italy are not exactly the same or comparable with the migration issue in Denmark. And it is not to be compared with the migration issue in the Baltic states. It is not to be compared with the migration issues in other countries. This means the same world, the same concept, addresses different situations. And we need to take this complexity into account.

Saying this, we also had some signals that other countries also want to address this issue at the political level. We should start this discussion in an appropriate way. Not wanting to change the European Convention on Human Rights. This European Convention on Human Rights is the most important thing that we have with the system of the Convention for having this convergence between rights for all the citizens in our countries. And every time that we had an Additional Protocol, it was to develop and give more support. It is what we have done until now.

Saying this, if we want to address the migration issue – I am ready to do this. I always say there is no taboo at the political level to address all possible debates. Then we need to have the appropriate context to do this. At the Council of Europe, the CM can have discussions between member states to objectivise the situation, to find facts. What are you speaking on exactly? What does it mean? What can we do with this? And then to see what will happen with this discussion. Exactly like you have at PACE, a committee working on those issues.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

15:45:05

 Thank you. On behalf of the European People's Party, the leader of the group, Mr Pablo HISPÁN.

M. Pablo HISPÁN

Espagne, PPE/DC, Porte-parole du groupe

15:45:14

I'll be speaking in Spanish. I'll be speaking a little bit more slowly. Corruption is one of the major enemies of democracy, GRECO is doing wonderful work, but some countries haven't published their reports, or they take years to do so, or they fail to follow the recommendations.

Now, the initiatives of the Secretary General, what are they on this particular front? Especially in the case of Spain, with the major corruption that's going on there? The Prosecutor has been involved, the Ministers have been involved, and there are numerous threats against the press as well. What sort of evaluation would you have, as concerns this issue and the rule of law in Spain overall?

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

15:46:10

Thank you.

Mr Secretary General.

M. Alain BERSET

Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe

15:46:12

Thank you very much for this discussion.

First of all, I am aware of the recent concerns raised in Spain, including those related to corruption and institutional integrity. And let me also, in this sense, be clear. I mean, corruption is a serious threat to democratic trust, and it is precisely for this reason, and it's precisely why the role of GRECO, which you mentioned in your question, is so crucial. As far as I'm informed, Spain is currently engaged in a compliance review under GRECO evaluation. It is the fifth evaluation round for GRECO, focusing on central government and law enforcement. And let me also take this opportunity to reaffirm one more time that I support and I have always supported greater transparency, including automatic publication of GRECO reports. I mean, it could be an important step. This is a proposal made several times by the Secretariat. All our member states have not yet agreed to change the current rules.

That said, I mean, GRECO is not a political body. Its purpose is to foster dialogue. Its purpose is to support reform, and it is not to interfere in national debates or to target specific governments. That's why, well, I trust that Spain, first of all, like all member states, will engage constructively with its recommendation. It is in the interest of democracy. It is in the interest of public confidence. And we will see what will happen in this situation. But we have the tools, we have the exact institutions to address those concerns when they are raised. And I'm sure it will be exactly the same situation with Spain.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

15:48:16

Thank you.

On behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates, Mr Armen GEVORGYAN.

M. Armen GEVORGYAN

Arménie, CEPA, Porte-parole du groupe

15:48:24

Thank you.

Mr Secretary General,

After almost half a century of membership in the Council of Europe, Georgia is under harsh criticism and sanctions. Armenia is facing damaged territorial integrity and the ethnic cleansing of the Armenian people in Karabakh, and Azerbaijan has completely turned into a state that excludes human rights. What further notable achievements can we expect in the region in the coming years under the continued Council of Europe membership?

Thank you.

M. Alain BERSET

Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe

15:48:55

Thank you for this question.

And I can feel also in the question that you are raising also some question about the relevance of being a member of the Council of Europe. And the first point I want to mention in this situation, it is to be a member of the Council of Europe is to make the commitment to respect the European Convention on Human Rights. It is to recognise the central role of the European Court of Human Rights and it is to execute all the judgments from the European Court of Human Rights.

Only this element, just this element is really of utmost importance. And that's why we are really strongly committed to making sure that this system, even in critical times, in difficult times, even if we are just seeing, like now, backsliding more or less everywhere about the values, when we are seeing divergent forces in action, our role is to be strong with those institutions, to make sure that those elements, those core elements will continue to remain so important.

The next point will be about the South Caucasus region and, as you probably noted, I'm strongly concerned about the situation and future of the whole region. That's why I visited the three countries that you mentioned in your question. I am in close contact with the authorities, with members of the civil society. Visiting the countries, I always clearly also try to visit to see the opposition parties. I also hold meetings here with them, I mean, to understand and to be able to play a role in this highly complex situation.

What I want to mention maybe also regarding the situation in the region, it is that we need now to have a step forward about the peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan. I'm trying to support all those efforts to have this peace agreement. I was recently, two weeks ago now, in Yerevan. We had substantial meetings with all counterparts and people that I was able to meet there. And for more than two hours and a half I met with Prime Minister PASHINYAN, for example, to really go deep into all those elements and see what we can do. I also had meetings with President ALIYEV exactly on the same elements and seeing also the huge difficulty in the region and after the war. And I noted in the last week, I think that we had a visit from President ALIYEV in Ankara and the next day a very historic visit from Prime Minister PASHINYAN, also in Ankara. And I hope, I mean, we are at the side of the regional countries. We are not able to sign well at the place of the people supposed to do this, but we can support and we can also use our influence to ensure that it will be a positive step in this regard.

You mentioned also Georgia. I mean, in Georgia it is known that it is not going in a good direction. I mean, the collaboration also with the Council of Europe. We try to do our best. I will present myself in Tbilisi in December, you know, to remain in close contact, to develop a path together where it is possible to see a positive development. But as you may know, and as we all see, it is quite difficult at the moment. We remain strongly committed to taking some steps forward and can also use the Council of Europe and this place here and decisions that we have as platforms for dialogues.

In this context, I need to also mention that I've heard more and more concern also about the participation, you can imagine, at the Council of Europe. Also, in Armenia, the point was raised about the necessity to have the three countries represented here in Strasbourg, because it is possible to help and to support what's happening then in the region and to try to be at the side of the whole region and the countries, to develop positive moves. Maybe what I can say to this, but never forget the main important thing, being a member, it is to commit to the European Convention, to accept the Court and to execute the judgment of the Court. And I know, mentioning now Azerbaijan, that we have a really huge concern, a very important concern with the execution of the judgments of the Court, after the discussion that we had and what we heard in the last weeks. And it must really concern all of us, because it is the whole system for the protection of human rights that it is here being questioned.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

15:53:42

Thank you. On behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Ms Rian VOGELS.

Mme Rian VOGELS

Pays-Bas, ADLE, Porte-parole du groupe

15:53:50

Thank you, President.

Secretary General,

With the signing of the agreement establishing the Tribunal for the crime of aggression against Ukraine expected tomorrow, the Council of Europe is about to take an unprecedented step in its history. Could you outline the expected time frame and key steps to bring the Tribunal into operation and elaborate on how the compensation mechanism will function? Particularly, the roles of an interplay between the Claims Register, the Claims Committee and the Tribunal itself.

Do you foresee any legal, political or logistical obstacles in implementing the Tribunal? And what role do you envision for the Parliamentary Assembly?

And it has come to my attention that a fifth opposition leader has been arrested in Georgia today. Thank you for your reflection.

Thank you.

M. Alain BERSET

Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe

15:54:44

Thank you.

About the Special Tribunal, thank you very much for raising this question and this issue. Well, it didn't start yesterday. I mean, it is a very important role that the Council of Europe and also your Assembly played in the past three years now to see what can we do at best to ensure accountability for Ukraine in this terrible situation. I mean, in the context of the aggression, the war of aggression of Russia against Ukraine.

And it is important to address these elements because we are at the Council of Europe, the organisation that really is in charge of all these questions about issues about accountability. I mean, we have, with the Court, with the European Court on Human Rights, we have a court addressing on an everyday basis all possible violations of human rights in the context of the war.

We have, with the Register of Damage, this creation that was made in the Reykjavik Summit by the head office of government, a second pillar, a very important pillar for accountability. And we now need to develop this as fast as possible, as consequent as possible in a claims commission with also the funding.

And we have as a third pillar, this Tribunal addressing the crime of aggression. I was always asked, why do we need a Special Tribunal doing this? I mean, you know this point. There is no jurisdiction at the moment competent to address the crime of aggression from Russia against Ukraine, knowing that it was recognised as an aggression in the very first days of the full-scale aggression in the United Nations.

And it is not possible just to accept that impunity will prevail. Accountability must prevail and is exactly the role that we can have. This organisation expelling Russia took a path that made it possible to make those steps a reality.

Now about the Special Tribunal. Well, I know it was one hour ago that the Committee of Ministers took this decision to authorise the signature with Ukraine, between the Council of Europe and Ukraine. This step will be done tomorrow with the President ZELENSKYY visiting Strasbourg also for this very important signature. But it just, it didn't start just yesterday. We had more than two years work of the so-called core group preparing all the elements. We have now texts that really have been negotiated and prepared by the core group and it allows us make the next step. That means the texts are on the table. We need now to prepare, after the signature of the agreement between the Council of Europe and Ukraine to open the negotiation for the enlarged partial agreement. It is the way for, you know, Member States or non-member states to join this enlarged partial agreement.

We need a strong and broad support for accountability. It will be necessary to do this and I mean it will depend on the possibility that we have to have countries going fast, joining fast. Then we have, for all members that will join, also national procedures. That means in some countries it is necessary to have an agreement or to have support by the parliament, national parliament. In other countries it is not the case. It will depend also on those realities that we have in the field. But on our side, we will be able to go as fast and to move as fast as possible.

We will sign tomorrow, then we will prepare the next step. And I'm sure that we'll be able to give you much more information by the next session of the Parliamentary Assembly in October. The goal is to go fast, to move fast, and to ensure as fast as possible that accountability will be given for this context.

One big hurdle will be the financing of the whole Special Tribunal. It will be needed to have resources that are not present at the Council of Europe for doing this. And it will be part of all the discussion and negotiations that we will have in the next few weeks and months, then with all countries wanting to join.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

15:59:06

Thank you.

We have finished the list of speakers on behalf of the political groups.

Now I will give the floor to colleagues in groups of three. So, dear Alain, if you want. I'm really sorry, really sorry. Gabrielle. Gabrielle. Yes, Ms Gabrielle CATHALA, on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left.

We cannot hear you.

Mme Gabrielle CATHALA

France, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe

15:59:32

On 1 June, the Madleen and its crew set off for the Gaza Strip to break the humanitarian blockade and bring aid to the Gazans. A useful, highly political and peaceful action. On 9 June, the 12 crew members, including MEP Ms Rima HASSAN, Ms Greta THUNBERG, a doctor and two journalists, were abducted in international waters by the Israeli army.

Following this illegal arrest in violation of international law, the crew was then also illegally held in detention for several days. In response to these violations, France and the EU remained silent. Mr Emmanuel MACRON was unable to condemn the arrest and mistreatment of six of his nationals.

Our Assembly has already called for unhindered humanitarian access to Gaza and the provision of essential goods to all Palestinians.

Mr Secretary General, do you condemn these illegal acts committed by Israel, trampling on international law, and the silence of France, a member of the Council of Europe?

M. Alain BERSET

Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe

16:00:21

Thank you for that question.

The first thing that worries us, the first thing that comes to mind when we think of the region, and we think of the situation in Gaza, is, first and foremost, the situation in the Gaza Strip. It's the thousands killed, it's the suffering of civilians, and it's this absolutely unspeakable context, which we find hard to believe, that has developed.

So, in particular, of course, since 7 October, the horrific Hamas attacks on civilians, many of whom were celebrating – what could be more beautiful than partying when you're young and full of life? And then there was the reaction, which was extremely brutal, with suffering on both sides, hostages, children killed and destruction. It's hard to understand how something like that can still happen today.

And that's what comes first to my mind when I think of the region. Frankly, it's not the boat; it's not the efforts made by many people who are trying to draw attention to this situation and do something about it. That's the first thing that comes to mind, along with, of course, the positions we've taken on a regular basis.

And you'll have noticed that I published a position paper, I think, that was very clear a few days ago now, precisely when most eyes were turning from Gaza to Iran.

That's when I decided to speak out, to say something, to express our opinion, to express our immense concern at the lack of prospects, at the constant escalations, at the lack of political processes and prospects for a political process that could be productive, at a time when eyes were turning away.

This was also an opportunity to raise the issue with our member states, of course, as well as outside. As you can imagine, this issue has also featured in all the exchanges and discussions I've had recently.

It's something that leaves us a little speechless, even if I can still speak, of course, but a little speechless because we can't see what prospects for any potential impact. We can speak out, we can denounce, we can commit ourselves to respecting international law, we can commit ourselves to respecting the rights of civilians, to respecting humanitarian law. And we must do so, because that's exactly what we've been doing in Ukraine for years now. And we have to be very careful never to have double standards, because double standards destroy our own credibility.

And believe me, I'm very attached to this logic and approach. It's what drives us, because the values we defend transcend the geographical continent. Values are stronger than the geographical continent. Values are not limited by borders. Values as we understand them – democracy, the rule of law, the defence of human rights – are universal. And we must fight to make them so. They are not automatically universal. But we must fight for this universality. That's why we have to get involved, even when it concerns regions outside our direct sphere of impact and influence. That's what I can tell you first.

I must tell you frankly about the arrest, obviously, I'm also very touched by all those who, on both sides, are trying to commit themselves to more humanity. For more humanity, for more love, for more respect, for more awareness of what it means to have the immense privilege of being part of the human race.

We are not isolated beings who can fight each other in their own corners. We have a common destiny, and this is something that today needs to be forcefully reaffirmed in conflict zones. When you see these horrific situations where young men fight and kill each other, horrific situations where people are simply killed because they are celebrating, horrific situations where children see their lives cut short, are faced with death simply because they happen to be in that place at that time, that is unacceptable. That's not in line with our values, and that's what we have to fight against.

As for your specific question, I'm not going to evade it. You're asking me whether I'm going to condemn a member state for not having acted or spoken out. You're asking me whether something else should have been said at the time. Of course, the policies of the member states are also part of their prerogatives. Our role is always to remind people of our core values. That's what we have to do. As for the rest, I'm not in a position to judge the exact situation. I'm always wary of taking positions on subjects which, in essence, could lead to legal proceedings and court rulings. I'm particularly careful about the Council of Europe. Because whenever, as Secretary General, I speak about a political situation that could end up before the Court, I naturally limit and diminish the Court's influence and scope for intervention.

So I'm not going to go down that road, but I wanted above all to pass on a message about the suffering of civilians, the importance of humanitarian law, the importance of international law, and to say once again that we must fight for our values, because if we don't, others will do the opposite.

Let's never forget that, and that's why our institutions have existed for 75 years. That's why they were founded on the ruins of the Second World War, after enormous suffering on the European continent. And it's for times like now that these institutions were founded. They weren't founded for good times when things are going well. They were founded to provide a beacon, a direction, an orientation when things go wrong. And that's when we must always remember those who came before us and go back to basics.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:06:23

I will open up the list of colleagues who will address questions in groups of three, starting with Hripsime GRIGORYAN.

Mme Hripsime GRIGORYAN

Arménie, SOC

16:06:39

Thank you, Mr President. I'm here. Secretary General, thank you.

And thank you for sharing your views and impressions on the ongoing developments in the South Caucasus, but also Armenia-Azerbaijan and Armenia-Türkiye normalisation, in particular.

You mentioned your recent visit to Armenia, and I would very much appreciate your assessment of the democratic developments in Armenia, as well as the overall level of co-operation between Armenia and the Council of Europe.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:07:10

Next is Ms Hajnalka JUHÁSZ.

Mme Hajnalka JUHÁSZ

Hongrie, CEPA

16:07:15

Honorable Secretary General, in the last PACE session you mentioned that persons belonging to national minorities should be or must be included in the new Democratic Pact. We absolutely share your point of view because it means a protection of human rights and is also a precondition of peace and security. What do you think? What is your point of view? Is there any chance to be included in the document?

Thank you very much indeed.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:07:39

Thank you.

And Aurora FLORIDIA is next.

Mme Aurora FLORIDIA

Italie, SOC

16:07:42

Thank you.

Mister President,

The Council of Europe is the only regional human rights system without the recognition of the right to live in a healthy environment. In April 2024, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted its most recent resolution on this topic, which strongly advocates for a legally binding instrument.

What actions are you planning to take to ensure that during the budgetary negotiations, the Committee of Ministers create a new steering committee on the environment, which will be in charge of ensuring the implementation of the strategy adopted in May in Luxembourg, but also of drafting a legally binding instrument?

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:08:22

Thank you, Aurora. Secretary General, do you wish to respond?

M. Alain BERSET

Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe

16:08:25

Yes, thank you. Thank you very much.

Maybe let's start with the question about Armenia. Thank you very much. I mean, the visit to Armenia was supposed to be held in March and was postponed to take place in June. And I think afterwards it was not a bad thing, because in the meantime we had three more months to see how it is developing also for the peace agreement, how it is developing for the situation in the whole region. And it was probably a much more timely moment to go in the last two weeks.

The South Caucasus is a region fully integrated in the European family. It is not only the case geographically, it is also the case for a lot of other reasons historically and also for the values, even if, as we can see, we have huge diversity on the continent and it also integrates sometimes difficulties that we can have. I mean, it is not surprising in this backsliding world. Everywhere there's backsliding, everywhere, and also in the South Caucasus, I would say, in general, but also in other countries. But I mean, it is just an encouragement for us to work more together.

My personal assessment now, because you will find a lot of specialists in the Council of Europe able to address this issue with much more competencies and skills than I am able to do. But my impression is that for years we've been feeling a very strong European aspiration coming from Armenia. This is a very important element to underline. And what is our role in this context? The role of the Council of Europe is to work with the countries willing to do this, to make some developments. That's why we have a very important office of the Council of Europe in Yerevan. I visited the office when I went there. I think we have more or less 50 persons, I mean, employees of the Council of Europe, working there and doing a very strong job to make it possible to develop reforms, you know, to develop projects and to make it possible to have this stronger convergence of values and the implementation of these values. That's really important.

My impression is very positive. I'm not naive. I know that in all countries, in all member states, you will always find problems to solve, well, issues to raise, that's normal. But the general movement is important. And my impression is that this general movement is really good, going in the right direction. And it will be important, because next year you will have a very important election. And I know that it is like always in elections, quite lively at the moment in the situation. But maybe this is my positive assessment about the evolution of Armenia.

The second element was about minorities and integration in the democratic pact. Thank you very much. We are working really hard now for this democratic pact. And it is clear that's what is making the DNA of the Council of Europe. And what is the DNA of the Council of Europe? I spoke before about the European Convention on Human Rights, but we have more than 200 conventions, you know, showing exactly what we want to achieve and respect and strong support for minorities. It is really strongly enshrined in all the system that we have at the Council of Europe. And obviously it must be part of the whole discussion that we have in the New Democratic Pact. You know, mentioning this, we can just, well, mention what I see as possible ways to ensure this issue is duly reflected in the New Democratic Pact. Firstly, to reaffirm our standards. I mean, referring to the existing elements that we have. For example, the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, I was just mentioning before. And also, because it's really important, the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. It is part also of this.

The second element is to promote democratic participation and also inclusive democracy, that cannot exist without a strong integration of national minorities in political and public life. And the third element is to support our monitoring mechanisms. We have some bodies, the Advisory Committee and the Framework Convention playing a vital role in these issues. And I think this is what I can mention for you about this element.

About health, well, I was thinking because it is a really famous decision of the Court last year. When I hear environment, I was thinking, okay, I will be confronted with this decision of the Court last year condemning Switzerland about environment and health. It shows it is not the case, but I mean, it is an important element in all cases.

Your question was clear. It was, sorry, your question was clear. It was: what are we preparing now after the last decision to make sure that this element will be also addressed? A steering committee on the environment is proposed. That's the main element I can announce to you. In the intergovernmental structure for 2026 and 2027. It means that logically we will integrate this in all the programmes and we will also have to ensure that it will be integrated in all the programmes, also in the budget. It was also your question, that means we are working on this, but there are also other issues on the environment. And I thank you for mentioning this because, you know, I mean, from Reykjavík we can see there is strong support from Ukraine. It was a creation of register, the second pillar I mentioned before. And we are continuing working on this. The second element mentioned in Reykjavík very strongly has been the ten principles for democracy. And we are trying to realise this now through the New Democratic Pact. And the third really important element was about the environment. I don't want to describe all the elements now, but we need also to make the steps now to implement also those decisions from Reykjavík and with the follow-up that we had in the last month or so.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:15:01

Thank you.

Naomi CACHIA is next.

Mme Naomi CACHIA

Malte, SOC

16:15:05

Thank you.

Secretary General,

I've been following your recent commitments, where it seems that you have been actively engaging with young people across the continent and beyond. This is very promising to see, not only to ensure the relevancy of the Council of Europe, but also to promote youth empowerment, which is also obviously a cornerstone of our Maltese presidency.

So my question is, what has been your key takeaway from these engagements? What are young people hopeful about regarding the Council of Europe and its role in safeguarding human rights? And how do we give them back hope when hope has been lost?

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:15:38

Thank you.

Ms Petra BAYR is next. 

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC

16:15:41

Thank you very much.

Mister Secretary General,

The Council of Europe has a lot of institutions and instruments like the Parliamentary Assembly, the Court, the Committee of Ministers, the Commission of Human Rights, the Congress of Regions, many monitoring bodies and special advisory bodies. What can you, as the Secretary General of the whole organisation, do to have more coherence, more co-operation and more synergies among these bodies that all share the same values?

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:16:11

Thank you.

Yevheniia KRAVCHUK is next.

Mme Yevheniia KRAVCHUK

Ukraine, ADLE

16:16:14

Thank you, President.

Secretary General,

Well, first of all, congratulations on the next step that the Committee of Ministers took. And we're waiting for tomorrow's historic decision. And my question is, when do you foresee that the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression will be operational? And what is your plan to address countries to join the enlarged partial agreement? And not just from the Council of Europe member states, but beyond, what is the plan for that?

Thank you so much.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:16:45

 Thank you. Dear Secretary General.

M. Alain BERSET

Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe

16:16:47

Thank you very much for all the questions.

I will start with the question on the youth – and thank you very much for raising this question, because it's really important. I mean, why are we doing all this? If we think for a bit, not just for the next publication on social media or the next thing that we are expecting, why are we doing all this? And what did our predecessor do before us? 

It was always for the next generation. That means it's exactly for the younger generation that we are doing all this now. We should never forget this. It is important to recall this reality in a world where we can have the impression that the long term is always, and more and more, being forgotten. 2040 is in 15 years. And 15 years is nothing in the world of today, and we must be best prepared for this.

So, to the question, first of all, youth empowerment, as you mentioned, is really important. I would mention maybe three elements. We've not been exhaustive, but I will mention these two elements.

The first element – and I was very impressed by what we are doing here – is the youth centre that we have in Strasbourg and in Budapest. And I had the privilege to visit both; Budapest in November, and Strasbourg last week. And it is so interesting to see what can be offered, what can be developed if we bring a few structures – so important. That's an element we should work on much more because it is exactly like with those kinds of initiatives that we are able to bring more young people into public debates, into engagement. My message to the younger generation is that the only thing that matters in the end is to engage. If you engage in social life, if you engage in a music group in your village, if you engage in a society for sports, it is engagement.

And if you try, if you start to do this, then the next step is quite logical. It's to think about the organisation of society. It is to engage communities and society. It is what we can expect from the younger generation; to take this step, and the Youth Centre is going exactly in this direction.

The second element that I want to mention to you is the visit I made last week to the Youth Centre and the DGII. My impression is that we can do much more to link the Youth Centre with the work we are doing in the Council of Europe, and create contacts with not only member states, but all cities, villages and communities. And we have the body able to do this: it's called the Congress. We have the Congress. I wanted to have this discussion with the Congress before having discussions with you, but it was clear to me that it is possible to engage more, and we need to support this in our other capacities as a Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe membesr, as a members of the Secretariat or in the CM. Because it is the best way we can address young people. It's possible, but it's more difficult, to rely on national regulations or national initiatives. It is much easier to do this through activities in communities, cities and with local and regional authorities.

The first element I want to mention is before you; it was last Friday, five days ago, that we had exactly in this room what we call a "Hackathon". We organised a Hackathon to tackle disinformation, misinformation, and gauge the quality of information. We had 11 teams of more or less young people, all aged between 18 and 30 with a few outliers, working here diligently the entire day to propose solutions. And last Friday, in this room at 9:00 p.m., we had people working in this hemicycle with the contest, and then there was a decision, and then a party. It's part of it, you know. We had those people engaged here, for our values and thinking about the technical solution. What can we bring to make sure that we have the conditions we need for strong democracies? That means also the quality of information, diversity of information, so they remain strong in the future, in this world dominated by social media, artificial intelligence, and those elements that can play a negative role. And it was just a further element I wanted to mention to you in this context.

I'm a bit long with my answer, Mister President; I'm sorry for this. I will try to go faster with the second answer to Ms Petra BAYR about coherence. It's a really strong and good question, and not so easy to answer because the Council of Europe, founded 75 years ago, has a very long history of sedimentation. We answer different issues and concerns throughout time, and to conserve and strengthen this coherence through time is always an issue. We must engage in this. My impression is that all bodies and institutions are trying to do their best, but maybe we could have a higher expectation for collaboration and communication between us, and to be better at sharing who is doing what.

What you do as a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe is not the same as what you do as a member of Congress, for example. I don't want to compare both, but we have different roles. Mentioning the importance of youth, I think we can both do things, but not the same things. We need to work more on this. We also have some initiatives where the difference between the CM and the cohort is much clearer. The difference between the cohort and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe is also clear.

But we are also in situations where we need to have more coherence. The values we have are the same, and the direction we want to take is the same. And we need to do this together and reinforce this collaboration, which is possible. It is not a miracle solution that I can offer you, but I thank you for raising the issue and am really, really interested in continuing this discussion with other bodies and institutions because it is important if we want to have the impact that this organisation deserves to have.

About the last question: thank you very much for the congratulations. We'll just pass these congratulations to the ambassadors because they –  the CM – decided to make this step and authorised me to sign the agreement. What can we foresee? I answered this a bit earlier. We can go as fast as we can on our side; we are ready, we have the text. We now need to have countries on board. The next step is a signature. It's not done yet; it will happen tomorrow night, and I think it will happen exactly as it is organised. But then we must go fast and prepare the enlarged partial agreement and negotiation, and have countries join with all the specific national situations that we have. For some countries, support is needed from the Parliament. For others, it is not the case. We will have many situations, and we will do our best to move forward quickly in this situation. That's the first element.

The second element, concerning the countries joining, we had a strong signal with the participants of the core group. That's a very strong signal. Participants of the core group have been members of the Council of Europe and non-members. It is important to have not only the right number of countries but also the countries with the right weight to make this Special Tribunal really effective, knowing that we have this big hurdle with financing. It will be part of all of the discussions.

But, you know, when there is a political will, there is a path, there is a way. And that's exactly what we need to do. And you have my engagement that we will do our best to go with the highest possible quality, as fast as possible, to ensure this third pillar on accountability, which is so necessary in this world where we otherwise have the impression that impunity could prevail. We don't want this. And exactly for this, we need to do this step as clearly and strongly as possible.

Débat conjoint : Questions juridiques et violations des droits de l'homme liées à l’agression de la Fédération de Russie contre l’Ukraine / Favoriser les négociations politiques en vue de l'échange et de la libération des prisonniers de guerre (suite)

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:26:19

Dear colleagues, today the Q-and-A procedure lasted for 30 minutes and I want to thank our Secretary General, Mr Alain BERSET, that he had agreed to have it for 45 minutes. It was actually 50 minutes. Dear Alain, thank you for being with us. And we are going now to the next item of business this afternoon, continuing this morning's joint debate on two reports from the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights and the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy.

The first is titled "Legal and human rights aspects of the Russian Federation's aggression against Ukraine", Document 16193, presented by Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS on behalf of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights.

The second is titled "Support for political negotiations to enforce exchange and release of prisoners of war", Document 16197, presented by Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO on behalf of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy. The second report also has an opinion from the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, presented by Ms Rian VOGELS.

We will now continue hearing from registered speakers. As far as I remember, we have the speaker on behalf of the European People's Party, Ms Belén HOYO. Belén, are you here?

Mme Belén HOYO

Espagne, PPE/DC

16:27:44

Thank you, President. 

Dear colleagues, what Russia is doing in Ukraine is more than an invasion against a sovereign state, it is also an attack against the pillars of this organisation: the defence of human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Since 2022, we have been witnessing a brutal escalation in crimes against the Ukrainian civilian population. Russia has attacked hospitals, houses and schools, and used terror as a political weapon and resorted to systematic violence.

Without a doubt, all the red lines have now been crossed. When it comes to the prisoners of war, as Ms YASKO has said this morning, the Geneva Conventions create clear obligations. Prisoners of war must be treated with dignity, protected against torture, violence, intimidation and acts of humiliation. 

However, United Nations and Amnesty International reports and the direct testimonies from released prisoners – some of which we have heard in this very chamber – confirm an unacceptable reality. Captured Ukrainian soldiers face torture, abuse and sometimes summary executions. These acts are flagrant breaches of international humanitarian law. They are war crimes. They are acts against human dignity. 

And it is clear that Russia is not acting alone. Countries such as Iran, North Korea and Cuba are supporting it, and in a co-ordinated fashion.

Dear colleagues, given the current geopolitical situation, tomorrow it could be any one of our own countries which might find itself in the same situation as Ukraine. Therefore, we cannot remain silent. We must continue to work together, united. 

Thank you for these reports, and thank you for the other reports which have been approved over the last years and months, especially those of my friend, Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS, calling out PUTIN's crimes and strategy. 

Thank you. 

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:29:56

Thank you. Next speaker is Mr Piero FASSINO.

Then the Next speaker is Ms Petra BAYR.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC

16:30:21

The illegal war of aggression of the Russian Federation in Ukraine will maybe be the best-documented ever that we have. I have had the opportunity to visit during the Easter weekend in Kyiv, Kharkiv and Bucha. And in Kharkiv, I visited, among others, a drone cemetery where a prosecutor is working on the production of evidence. What missile has done what damage, where and when, what was the exact trajectory, what military unit was in charge at the origin of the trajectory? And how did the chain of command look like at this space and at this time?

So the prosecutor produced a lot of evidence, and I asked him whether he uses the Register of Damages. And he said, "Yes, of course I do". And in Bucha, where there was a lot of sexual violence, torture, assassination, I asked, did you use the Register of Damages? And they said, "Yes, of course we do". So I think that's really very important to see that it's really a good sign in these dark times that we will have the chance to hold all those responsible who are perpetrators and who have to be held accountable. And at the end of the day, it will be about justice and not about revenge.

Our work here at the Council of Europe indeed has an impact on upholding international humanitarian law. And with this also a rule of law, respect for human rights. And it's not just the register, not just the Tribunal. I also want to mention the ongoing jurisdiction of the European Court, both on interstate applications and on individual applications of Ukrainians. I want to mention our numerous resolutions, of our Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe concerning the war of aggression. And I also want to tackle the Venice Commission, which gives legal guidance on war-related accountability mechanisms. So it's really important that we all work together for justice after this war.

Thank you very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:32:36

Thank you.

And our next speaker is Ms Regina BASTOS of Portugal.

Mme Regina BASTOS

Portugal, PPE/DC

16:32:43

Thank you.

Chairman, colleagues, I wish to thank the rapporteurs for their work on the reports of this joint debate.

The Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine is a flagrant violation of the United Nations Charter and of the Geneva Conventions. Thousands of atrocities have been committed with impunity: torture, sexual violence, summary executions, indiscriminate shelling of civilians and the illegal deportation of children.

More than 74 000 people remain missing. Over 19 500 children have been unlawfully transferred. These are crimes. These are crimes against humanity. The situation of prisoners of war is equally alarming. Less than 5 000 Ukrainians have been returned in several exchanges. But thousands remain in Russian facilities, often in violation of international humanitarian law.

A vast majority of released prisoners report torture or other forms of abuse.

This Assembly has consistently called for concrete action: a permanent "all-for-all" exchange mechanism, coordinated by the International Committee of the Red Cross, prioritising the wounded and the sick; a Special Tribunal for the crime of aggression; a fair and credible reparations system using the 300 billion US dollars in frozen Russian state assets.

Peace cannot come at the expense of justice. Respect for international law and for human dignity is not negotiable. It is the foundation of any credible and lasting peace in Europe.

Thank you very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:34:57

 Thank you. I now call Madam Katalin CSÖBÖR of Hungary.

Mme Katalin CSÖBÖR

Hongrie, CEPA

16:35:03

Thank you, Mr Chairman.

Dear colleagues, for us in Hungary, the most pressing issue linked to the Russian-Ukrainian war is the situation of the 150 000-strong Hungarian community of Transcarpathia in western Ukraine. It is with sadness that we have witnessed the violation of the rights of our fellow citizens, as an autochthonous national minority, in recent years.

In January 2024, Hungary formulated, in 11 points, its clear expectations regarding the restrictive measures affecting the Hungarian community in Ukraine. In a declaration, the Ukrainian authorities undertook to continue the 11-point negotiation process within the framework of the intergovernmental conference marking the opening of accession negotiations. However, none of these areas were settled.

On the three key points concerning the restoration of the rights enjoyed by Ukraine's Hungarian community for decades, the Hungarian and Ukrainian positions have yet to converge: one, restoration of the network of national language educational institutions; two: the restriction of national cultural autonomy; three: the restriction of the right of political representation.

In its negotiating framework document, Kyiv has undertaken to adopt an action plan for the protection of national minority rights by 2027. Ukraine submitted this plan to the Commission on 2 June, 2025. In our view, however, it lacks the constitutional and legal guarantees needed to restore the rights taken away from the Hungarian community. Instead, much of it is aimed at strengthening the Ukrainian state language.

On the Hungarian side, we expect the Ukrainian authorities to remain firmly committed to the proper conclusion of the ongoing 11-point bilateral negotiations.

Thank you very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:37:24

Thank you, our next speaker is Mr Damien COTTIER of Switzerland.

M. Damien COTTIER

Suisse, ADLE

16:37:32

Thank you, Mister Chairman,

This is an important week.

More than three years ago, our Assembly was the first international organisation to call for the creation of a Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression. We know that war crimes and crimes against humanity are being committed on Ukrainian territory as a result of aggression by the Russian Federation.

These crimes can be judged, as they fall within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, and this work must be carried out, is being carried out and must obviously continue. But the crime of aggression escaped this possibility, this jurisdiction, and we had to act because this was recalled at the time, according to the very description of the Nuremberg trials, the crime of aggression is the mother of all crimes, since it is the source of all possible crimes in the field.

It would therefore have been totally unacceptable in principle for this crime of aggression not to have been punished, which is why the idea of this Special Tribunal had to be launched. I had the honour of being the first rapporteur on this subject, following the report submitted by Mr Aleksander POCIEJ to this Assembly, immediately after the extraordinary plenary session on the subject of aggression, in 2022. We have had three reports, I had the honour of being the first rapporteur, then Mr Davor Ivo STIER and today Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS, on this subject. It's very important, because we are seeing fruition. Earlier, the Committee of Ministers agreed that the Secretary General should sign an agreement with the Ukrainian President. This will be signed tomorrow, and then we can enter the phase of setting up this Tribunal. But for this to happen, the member states, and as many other states as possible, not just the member states of the Council of Europe, will have to sign up to the system. But for this to happen, the Secretary General will have to go out and approach people to work to convince others. As parliamentarians, we also need to do our part to ensure that our states sign up to this system as quickly as possible, so that the Tribunal can be set up quickly.

I would like to thank the rapporteur and today's rapporteurs for their work, all those who have worked so hard to set up this Tribunal. This is a historic moment.

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:40:00

 Thank you, our next speaker is Mr Serhii SOBOLIEV of Ukraine.

M. Serhii SOBOLIEV

Ukraine, PPE/DC

16:40:07

Thank you, Mister Chair.

I want to thank, first of all, our rapporteurs. They did excellent work, and I think it's only the beginning.

I want to stress that all citizens of Ukraine, Hungarians, Romanians, Moldovans, all of them are now struggling against Russian aggression. It's the main point here. And when hundreds and hundreds of Hungarians are now on the front line struggling against Russian aggression, it's for our freedom. So I think it's very important to understand that we do not need only a reaction through some documents of our Parliamentary Assembly. We need a reaction to implement these documents. And I think that the decision to proclaim and to form the Special Tribunal of war of aggression and crimes of aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is a good example when we can produce special decisions.

These special decisions can't be made by any other organisation, not the United Nations or any other organisation. Because it's very important that we are those organisations that started this process. And I think it's very important to understand that such a process can be involved only through our decisions, as well as we involve it in our decisions using our huge mechanism of the Human Rights Court. Now, maybe in a month or two, we will have another strong mechanism that we will use as the Special Tribunal for the Crimes of Aggression against Ukraine.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:42:15

 Thank you very much indeed. Our next speaker is Mr Sigurður Helgi PÁLMASON of Iceland. 

M. Sigurður Helgi PÁLMASON

Islande, SOC

16:42:25

Thank you, Mister President.

Dear colleagues, in our work here, we often speak of principles of justice, of law, of human rights. But today I want to speak of something just as vital. Hope. Because this week and the establishment of the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression, I have felt more than just duty. I have felt conviction that what we do here matters. This Tribunal is not just a legal mechanism. It is a message, clear, unshakable and long overdue, that no one is above the law, not even the most powerful.

For the first time in modern history, a war of aggression launched against a sovereign European state will be addressed by a tribunal built for that very crime, built not in abstract theory, but through the steady, principled work of this Assembly and the tireless determination of those who believe that international law is not a dream, but a duty.

As a politician, this gives me hope, not only because we are standing up for Ukraine, but because we are showing the world that law can answer violence and that justice can outlast fear. This Tribunal will not come close to undoing the suffering, but it can begin to restore something just as precious. The idea that truth matters, that accountability is possible, and that Europe still knows the difference between tyranny and law.

So let us walk forward, not just with resolve, but with belief. Because in this Tribunal and in our common work, we see proof that what we do here in Strasbourg can echo far beyond these walls into the lives of those who need justice the most.

To the rapporteurs, I thank you wholeheartedly.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:44:25

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr Christophe LACROIX of Belgium.

M. Christophe LACROIX

Belgique, SOC

16:44:34

Thank you, Mr Chairman.

Mr Chairman, dear colleagues, the resolution of our colleague Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS is of the utmost importance. So are those of our other partners. But it documents with rigour and clarity what we now all know, the war of aggression waged by the Russian Federation against the Ukraine is accompanied by countless crimes: the torture of prisoners of war, the deportation of children, the methodical destruction of civilian infrastructure.

This is not collateral damage, let's be clear: these are the deliberate and conscientiously calculated acts of an autocrat with no limits. And we can certainly make the connection tomorrow in Gaza, where similar things are also happening on the occasion of the emergency debate.

But if I take the floor today, it is not only as a parliamentarian, but also as a European with a visceral attachment to peace. But peace cannot exist without justice. And that's precisely what this resolution offers: it brings justice to the victims, recognises them, listens to them, and this must involve the creation of a Tribunal that is focused on crimes of aggression.

I therefore unambiguously support this proposal, which is of course symbolic in terms of the message it conveys, but this Tribunal would above all be a concrete instrument in the fight against the impunity of criminal leaders.

It is all the more crucial today, at a time when our American ally is turning its back on us and trying to legitimise annexations obtained by force, that we speak out together in a firm, unified and strong voice.

Mr President, ladies and gentlemen, I would also like to allude to the debate we had this morning on the European Court of Human Rights, which showed just how precious multilateralism and the judicial institutions that underpin it are to ensuring that the rights of the weakest and most vulnerable are respected everywhere, as well as the rights of women and men who are victims of violence linked to war or occupation.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:46:40

Thank you. Our next speaker is Ms Bisera KOSTADINOVSKA-STOJCHEVSKA of North Macedonia.

Mme Bisera KOSTADINOVSKA-STOJCHEVSKA

Macédoine du Nord, SOC

16:46:48

Thank you,

Since 2022, according to the UN, at least 12 900 civilians have been killed, 14 000 people have ended in captivity. More than 80 000 Ukrainian soldiers have died and 400 000 soldiers seriously wounded. The Russian aggression on Ukraine has caused mass moving out, destroyment of the infrastructure and deep trauma for the civilians, who now unfortunately perfectly well can determine which siren signals mean what: bombing, warning or any other atrocity.

Thousands civilians are feared to have ended up in a network of around 180 prisons in the occupied territories and even in Siberia.

16 000 missing persons have yet been identified whose tracks are lost and not likely to be found. Numerous civilians are taken as hostages even after the international community warned the Russian aggressors against this. Torture, sexual exploitation and executions are an everyday occurrence in these prisons, which just adds up to the level of the humanitarian crisis that is unravelling.

The war in Ukraine has taken a devastating toll on children, disrupting their lives at critical stages in their development. Children’s access to education and healthcare has been severely affected.

The ongoing intensity of the war means some 3.7 million people are still internally displaced and 6.86 million are living outside the country. More than 2 520 children have been killed or injured since February 2022. The true number is likely far higher.

40% of preschool-age children are missing out on early education, impacting brain development and future learning capacity. Half of school-age refugee children from Ukraine are not enrolled in national education systems in their host countries, putting them at risk of further isolation from peers. Nearly 40% of school-age children now study only online or through a mix of remote and in-person learning, with an average learning loss of two years in reading and one year in maths.

How many human rights have so far been neglected?

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:48:59

Thank you very much.

Our next speaker is Mr Joseph Beppe FENECH ADAMI of Malta.

M. Joseph Beppe FENECH ADAMI

Malte, PPE/DC

16:49:07

Mister Chair,

May I congratulate the rapporteurs of the two presentations being debated in the Parliamentary Assembly this afternoon.

As a member of the Malta delegation, representative of Partit Nazzjonalista the main opposition Party in Malta may I reaffirm my party’s steadfast commitment to the principles of peace, international law, and human dignity – principles which are under grave threat due to the ongoing war of aggression launched by the Russian Federation against Ukraine.

Malta, as a small island nation with a proud tradition of neutrality and diplomacy, stands unequivocally in support of Ukraine’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. The atrocities being committed – including the targeting of civilians, the forced deportation of children, and the systematic use of torture – represent violations not only of Ukrainian rights but of the core tenets of the international rules-based order.

Partit Nazzjonalista, my party, has been unwavering in its condemnation of Russia’s illegal and unjustified war. We have consistently called for accountability and justice through international mechanisms, including the establishment of a Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression, the strengthening of the International Criminal Court’s remit, and the enforcement of sanctions where appropriate. We believe that peace must not be built on compromise with impunity, but on justice and the unwavering application of international law.

Malta’s role takes on particular relevance during its Presidency of the Council of Europe. Under this Presidency, Malta has prioritised the protection of human rights, the rule of law and democratic resilience. So here this afternoon, on behalf of my party, I once again express support for all initiatives which strengthen accountability mechanisms and ensure that the voices of victims – particularly children unlawfully taken from their homes – are not silenced. We support the Register of Damage for Ukraine and emphasise the critical need for reparations, the return of abducted civilians and the prosecution of war crimes.

Let this Assembly make it loud and clear. The illegal annexation of Ukrainian territory to that of Russia and the commission of crimes against humanity cannot and must not be legitimised.

Mister Chairman, the war in Ukraine is not merely a regional crisis – it is a moral and legal test for all of us, for each and every European state, for the Council of Europe. The Council of Europe must lead in ensuring that justice prevails, that victims are heard, and that peace is pursued with dignity, legality and moral conviction.

Thank you, Mister Chair.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:51:42

Our next speaker is Ms Louise MOREL of France.

Mme Louise MOREL

France, ADLE

16:51:48

Thank you, Mr Chairman.

Rapporteur, ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to take part in the debate on the release of prisoners of war, and I'd first like to commend the work of the rapporteur on this subject.

Ukrainian POWs are experiencing unspeakable horrors: summary executions, widespread torture, sexual violence. Locked up in overcrowded cells, without hygiene, without light, often deprived of sleep, exposed to the cold, without medical care, with insufficient food.

Vladimir PUTIN's Russia is flagrantly violating international humanitarian law, and using torture as an accepted weapon.

Of the 4 757 prisoners released to date, all bear witness to this violence. And yet, even today, almost 70 000 people are still missing or in captivity. Faced with this reality, our organisation has a specific role to play, because here in Strasbourg, this Assembly is the beating heart of democracy, law and, above all, the protection of human dignity.

This is why we must first and foremost encourage political negotiations to speed up the release of prisoners, but we also have a judicial aspect to deal with, so that those who engage in these acts of torture and barbarism are brought to justice.

In this respect, we have here a legal structure, over 75 years of experience, the ability to engage with the vast majority of states on this continent, and the agility to act within reasonable time frames. This is invaluable.

So, while I welcome the creation of a Special Tribunal to judge the Russian Federation's aggression in Ukraine, I have a question for you, Madam Rapporteur: do you think that, on this subject, we could give this Special Tribunal a specific mandate to act on the issue of prisoners of war, and if so, what role could the European Court of Human Rights have in pushing for the investigation of these various cases?

We must address these issues here, and do so in a clear manner, because the United Nations and other international bodies are struggling to respond with the firmness and speed that the situation demands, and this slowness weakens the protection of the values we defend.

Thank you very much.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:54:10

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr Vladimir VARDANYAN of Armenia.

M. Vladimir VARDANYAN

Arménie, PPE/DC

16:54:18

Thank you, Mister Chair.

Ladies and gentlemen, being a prisoner of war is not a punishment. This is just a military measure to prevent further participation in hostilities, to not allow a person to come back to the battlefield.

What we are facing now, unfortunately, we are equalising the status of a prisoner of war with the status of a criminal. We are equalising the status of prisoner of war camps with the status of penitentiary institutions. And unfortunately, prisoners of war have become more and more subject to intimidation and torture.

This totally undermines the very logic of the Geneva Convention, which undermines the very logic of international humanitarian law, where the only option to keep a person in captivity as a prisoner of war is not to allow him or her to take part in further hostilities. And, when we are speaking about prisoners of war, when we're speaking about exchange, we shouldn't forget that all the prisoners of war should be repatriated after the end of hostilities, because the undue delay of the repatriation of prisoners of war after the end of hostilities is a crime under international law.

But furthermore, what is even more important, the Geneva Convention speaks very loudly about the categories of prisoners of war who should be repatriated even during the hostilities. These are those who are amputees, who are mentally ill, who have very serious mental health issues. This category should be released even during the hostilities.

Ladies and gentlemen, we actually use this report as a reminder that international humanitarian law is still acting. And I would like to once again remind all autocratic leaders that international criminal law, crimes against humanity and war crimes have no statutes of limitations.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:56:29

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO of Ukraine.

M. Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

16:56:38

Thank you.

It looks like we live with you in different worlds. In your world, children first learn the sounds of music or other sounds. In our world, children learn the sound of drones, of missiles, because they need to know this to survive. In your world, children learn the rules of mathematics and other important things. In our world, the rule of two walls, to survive. In your world, Russian geography is Moscow, St Petersburg. In our world, Russian geography is Olenya, Savasleyka, [Cape] Chauda. It's Russian air bases where their bombers are based and from where they launch their drones to kill us. That's the reality.

And now it's a great resolution, thanks to its authors. But I want to tell you, history is being written in trenches, and we are busy here rewriting resolutions. That's the reality. And now you prepare for summer vacations after this session. And we prepare for summer funerals. Because this is our reality.

And in this situation, we don't need perfect texts. We need imperfect courage. But no. So my proposition is let us move the Council of Europe from Strasbourg to Kyiv. It was very symbolic to organise the Council of Europe here in Strasbourg after the Second World War. But now it is not only symbolic, but it will save thousands of lives if the Council of Europe were in Kyiv, protecting Kyiv better than any air defence. If you can't give us patriots, come to us. And you will know all these sounds, you will know all this geography. And in this case, believe me, our resolutions and our actions would be the perfect ones. You will know exactly what to do to stop the horror which has continued for so many years in the middle of Europe. Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:58:48

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Gabrielle CATHALA of France.

Mme Gabrielle CATHALA

France, GUE

16:58:55

Mister President,

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has resulted in widespread violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. The ICC has issued arrest warrants for six Russian officials, including Vladimir PUTIN, for war crimes and crimes against humanity.

According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the number of victims in Ukraine has even increased in recent months, particularly near the front line. We call on this Assembly to support the Ukrainian people under attack, to support Russian and Ukrainian resistance fighters opposed to this war, and to support the initiative to organise an international peace conference under the aegis of the OSCE and the UN, in order to agree on the conditions for resolving the conflict, with the imperative involvement of Ukraine.

We call for support for the deployment of UN peacekeepers to protect Ukraine's nuclear power plants.

We call on this Assembly to reject a peace negotiated without the Ukrainians or the Europeans, and the plundering of Ukrainian natural resources organised by Donald TRUMP.

Thank you for your support.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

16:59:52

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr Claude CARIGNAN of Canada.

M. Claude CARIGNAN

Canada

17:00:03

Thank you very much colleagues. I would like to thank the rapporteur, Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS, for his outstanding work.

Canada applauds the various measures taken by the Council of Europe in the context of Russia's war of aggression. In support of these efforts, Canada has also taken steps to assist Ukraine. In February 2024, Canada and Ukraine signed the Canada-Ukraine Strategic Security Partnership, which sets out a number of areas in which they intend to step up co-operation. As part of this agreement, Canada is actively supporting the work of the Prosecutor General's Office in Ukraine and the International Criminal Court, to ensure that allegations of war crimes are fully investigated by independent, effective and robust legal mechanisms.

Under the agreement, Canada will ensure that Russian assets in the country remain frozen until Russia has compensated Ukraine for the massive destruction and damage caused by its invasion. A founder member of the Register of Damage for Ukraine, Canada also supports efforts to create an independent international commission to look into compensation claims.

The report by Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS pays particular attention to the illegal deportation of some 19 500 Ukrainian children, an extremely sensitive subject that we are very aware of. The Canadian and Ukrainian governments co-chair the International Coalition for the Return of Ukrainian Children, which co-ordinates joint efforts to ensure that children are reunited with their families in Ukraine.

The Canadian government will spare no effort to ensure that the world continues to care about Ukraine. It reaffirms its unwavering support for Ukraine in defending its territorial integrity and right to exist, as well as its freedom, sovereignty and independence.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:02:05

 Thank you. Our next speaker is Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK of Ukraine.

Mme Yevheniia KRAVCHUK

Ukraine, ADLE

17:02:12

Thank you, Chair.

We've been talking a lot about the Special Tribunal, about justice. And I want to remind us who we are doing this for. For those millions of Ukrainians who are not sleeping every night because of the drones, for those who lost their loved ones, for those prisoners of war who were in captivity and returned. And 90% of them experienced trouble, torture, electric shocks, sexual violence, all kinds of torture. Waiting half of the wait before they went to these prisons. And thousands of them are there, and some of them are just hostages because Russia would not let them go. And I mean the defenders of Azov and the members of the Azov Regiment, we need to free everyone. We need all families to hug their loved ones.

And also I would like to remind you about the civilians, about the thousands of civilians that are in pits, in basements of the Russian Federation and occupied territories. Among them there, are journalists, there are human rights defenders, there are just ordinary people who did not want to say that it's the Russian Federation.

And I would like to thank all of the rapporteurs, and I fully support all of the resolutions and the amendments that were accepted. And there can be no forgiveness for any of the crimes of the Russian Federation. There will be no forgiveness and there will be no negotiations at the expense of Ukrainian territorial sovereignty and integrity. And I thank the rapporteur for pointing this out.

And we need to help Ukrainian people to feel the importance of international law, international organisations. And I want to again thank everyone who made it possible to go this far, to establish the Special Tribunal. And indeed, we will be experiencing a historic day tomorrow. But then we shall not stop and bring as many countries to this enlarged partial agreement as possible, to see the Tribunal operate, hopefully by the end of this year.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:04:44

Thank you.

I now call Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ of Switzerland.

M. Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ

Suisse, SOC

17:04:51

Thank you, Mr Vice-President.

First of all, I'd like to express my support for both reports, and I'm going to speak about the report on the release of prisoners of war. I support it unreservedly.

The fate of prisoners of war is never an easy question, but in the present case of Ukrainian prisoners of war, we can speak of absolute horror, with torture and disregard for the minimum international rules and standards laid down by the Geneva Conventions.

Improving their conditions of detention, and ideally, securing their release as soon as possible, is an absolute priority. It should also be remembered that talks on the release and exchange of prisoners are often the first step on the long road towards a peace process, or at any rate towards a ceasefire.

I would, however, like to make a few comments on the substance of the issue. Paragraph 12 of this resolution addresses the authorities of the Russian Federation with a long list of justified demands aimed at improving the sad, painful and unbearable situation of Ukrainian prisoners. While I understand perfectly well the desire of our Ukrainian colleagues to raise the issue of the war in Ukraine with a militant attitude, from my point of view, the fact that the author of a report on Ukraine is Ukrainian weakens the scope of this report.

This is a subject I already raised in the free debate last April. I would like to remind you of the principle of absence of conflict of interest, which stipulates, in particular, that one should not be involved in an issue that concerns one's own country. Given that the Assembly is addressing the Russian authorities, the text, signed by what is obviously, logically, a declared enemy of Russia, alters the scope of the demands. However, if it had been proposed by a member of parliament from another country, it would have carried more weight and possibly been more effective.

In the same vein, I find the addition of paragraphs 17 and 18 at the end of the resolution to be ill-advised. The resolution calls on the Russian authorities to show more humanity towards Ukrainian prisoners and to improve their situation. Immediately afterwards, the threats against the Russian authorities to be held accountable before a criminal court are reiterated. This addition serves no purpose. The Assembly's position on this subject is well known. It is clear. I support it. But above all, this reminder weakens the impact of the report and reduces the chances of it being heard. And the primary aim of the report is precisely to alleviate the plight of Ukrainian prisoners.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:07:14

 Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Nadejda IORDANOVA of Bulgaria.

Mme Nadejda IORDANOVA

Bulgarie, NI

17:07:22

Thank you, Mr Chair.

Dear colleagues, as a member of this Assembly, I firmly support the two draft resolutions before us on the legal and human rights aspects of the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine, and on political negotiations to secure the release of Ukrainian prisoners of war. I would like to congratulate all our rapporteurs for their excellent work.

These issues are deeply interconnected. Over a year ago, the journalist Ms Viktoriia ROSHCHYNA was abducted in Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia, tortured, and murdered. Just months ago, her body was returned without organs. I know that we're working on a separate report on the captured Ukrainian journalists, but her case is a chilling example of Russia’s systematic use of terror: enforced disappearances, torture, abuse of prisoners of war, illegal deportations and forcible transfer of tens of thousands of Ukrainian children. These are not isolated acts. Both draft resolutions rightly affirm that they amount to crimes against humanity, and in some cases, acts of genocide.

I fully support the call to establish a special tribunal for the crime of aggression, as well as a Claims Commission to ensure reparations and contribute to Ukraine’s recovery. Equally urgent is the need for political and diplomatic pressure to secure the immediate release and exchange of Ukrainian prisoners of war and civilian detainees, many held in inhumane conditions, tortured or executed. Ukrainian children must be returned home. Despite Ukraine’s efforts to pursue dialogue, including its proposal for a ceasefire, Russia continues to escalate. Just last week, missile strikes on Kyiv killed 28 civilians in one night.

Colleagues, this Assembly must not remain passive. We must act, with legal clarity, political resolve and humanitarian urgency. Justice for Ukraine is justice for all of us.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:09:28

Thank you very much.

I now invite Mr Morten WOLD of Norway to address us.

M. Morten WOLD

Norvège, CEPA

17:09:43

Thank you, Mr President.

Dear colleagues, I applaud Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS for his timely report. With the significant shift in American foreign policy, particularly regarding Ukraine and Russia, this report is of the utmost importance. It reaffirms our unwavering support for Ukraine, and condemns the illegal and unjustified war of aggression by the Russian Federation.

International law is clear: the only one responsible for the war in Ukraine is Putin. We do not accept any other narrative, and we do not accept an unjust peace. An unjust peace is not a lasting peace.

I am proud that our Assembly has been a driving force behind the Council of Europe's accountability agenda for Ukraine. Crimes cannot go unpunished. It is therefore great news that an agreement for the establishment of a Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression will be signed by President ZELENSKYY and the Council of Europe this week.

Norway’s solidarity with Ukraine is strong. Our financial support for Ukraine for 2025 amounts to 85 billion Norwegian krone. And just two days ago, the Norwegian Kongsberg Group signed an agreement with a large Ukrainian company for the development and production of air defence missiles for the NASAMS system in Ukraine.

The aim is to help Ukraine define its own future and rebuild a safe and free Ukraine. I believe we can do it. I wear my Ukrainian pin with pride. I got it from a Ukrainian colleague.

Thank you and Slava Ukraine.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:11:34

Thank you very much.

Our next speaker is Mr Mike READER of the United Kingdom.

M. Mike READER

Royaume-Uni, SOC

17:11:42

Nineteen thousand five hundred children. That's the number of children that have been forcibly removed from their families during this war – forced to live in Russian institutions or adopted by Russian families.

That's more than all of the primary school children in my constituency, Northampton South.

We know that reports say it could be close to 35 000 children who have been abducted.

As we debate today's reports on Russian aggression and prisoners of war, we must confront one of the most shocking reality, that these children have been removed from their homes and their identities have often been concealed.

The report today covering the legal aspects of Russia's aggression rightly condemns this in its very first paragraph.

I join in its condemnation of this heinous act, and I support its recommendations for the adoption of the Commissioner's human rights roadmap.

Equally, the report on prisoners of war rightly calls for the mutual release and repatriation. It is my firm belief that the return of these children must be an essential part of any peace agreement.

I want to recognise today, whilst I'm here also, the work of UK Friends of Ukraine and their report "Returning the stolen children in Ukraine", which includes excellent work from my colleague, the Honourable Johanna BAXTER MP.

It documents the scale of the abductions, and I urge all colleagues to read it as we try to understand what is happening.

The UK government has acted, through targeted sanctions and legal support, but more must be done.

International pressure must intensify.

This is not an issue that we can take sides on. It is an issue of protecting children and protecting the future of Ukraine.

Every child must be found. Every child must come home. And the Council of Europe must stand united in that goal.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:13:46

Thank you indeed.

Our next speaker is Mr Christophe BRICO of Monaco. No?

I now call Ms Lesia VASYLENKO of Ukraine.

Mme Lesia VASYLENKO

Ukraine, ADLE

17:14:10

Thank you, Chair.

Thank you to both our rapporteurs in today's joint debate for yet again banging the drum of awareness about the atrocious consequences of Russian aggression and calling the members of this Assembly and the governments of the Council of Europe to act.

Both of the reports are accurate in conveying the horrific reality in which we, millions of Ukrainians, live in today. And we live in this reality not for one month or one year, but for months and months which have now amounted to more than three-and-a-half years of total war. Three and a half years of never-ending air raids, three and a half years of sleep deprived nights spent in bomb shelters and basements. Three and a half years of destruction, torture, killings, of waiting, of deportations, filtration camps, breaches of humanitarian law, international law, and complete disregard for anything that is human.

Just earlier today, Russian missiles struck a passenger train travelling from Odesa to Zaporizhzhia. Images of wounded children, women, men, they flood the Internet today and the news websites right after another strike happened on Dnipro. Killed, wounded, again, the numbers are being counted.

For us, it's very difficult to find the words. Yelyzaveta YASKO earlier today mentioned the word helpless. It's not a word strong enough to describe what we feel when we wake up from the explosions in the middle of the night and what Ukrainian mothers feel when they try to shelter their children. For us, it's a word that's not strong enough, when our children, with bare hands, take apart the rubble of their own schools and their ex-homes, searching for the remains of their classmates trapped under the debris.

For us in Ukraine, it's unfathomable why and how Russian aggression remains unchallenged in action when so many public condemnations are made in so many different assemblies? How is it that Russia has only increased its capacity to strike on Ukraine with hundreds of drones, with what was tens just earlier before? How is it that it took us so long to establish the International Tribunal on Russia's aggression? I really hope that these two reports that we are adopting today will be the keystone that is necessary for our governments and our parliaments to finally act. Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:16:36

Thank you.

I now call Mr Saša MAGAZINOVIĆ of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

M. Saša MAGAZINOVIĆ

Bosnie-Herzégovine, SOC

17:16:45

Mr Chairman, distinguished colleagues, it is not enough to speak out against Russian aggression against Ukraine while remaining silent about the responsibility of those who commit war crimes and those who fail to act, and, by doing do, enable them.

Aggression is often repeated because earlier crimes went unpunished. Three decades ago, Bosnia and Herzegovina were the victims of aggression while the world watched civilians being massacred. One such tragedy occurred in Tuzla in May 1995, when a shell launched by the Army of Republika Srpska killed 71 people. The average age of the victims was just 21. The youngest was only two years old.

I am speaking about this at the request of the Tuzla City Council. The family of the victims are not asking for revenge. They are asking for justice. For this crime, General Novak Djukic was convicted, but he's not in prison. He fled from justice and lives freely in Serbia, which protects him. He is a convicted war criminal but also a symbol of impunity, which encourages future crimes, possibly even those happening in Ukraine or Palestine.

Even more concerning, Djukic is not the only one. For years, Serbia has provided shelters for both convicted and charged war criminals. This is why the Council of Europe must condemn this practice and demand that every war criminal be punished, not just in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but in Ukraine tomorrow.

Without truth and justice, there cannot be peace, not in Ukraine, not in Palestine, not in my country, not anywhere in the world. Let us learn from the past. Let us hold accountable both war criminals and those who protect them.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:18:52

 Thank you very much. Our next speaker is Sir Edward LEIGH of the United Kingdom.

Sir Edward LEIGH

Royaume-Uni, CEPA

17:18:58

Mister President,

I only have two minutes, and even if I had two hours, that would not be enough to articulate the appalling crimes that the Russian Federation has committed. Not just its original invasion, but every breach of what we call the Geneva Convention. The brutal treatment of prisoners, the kidnapping of children, the bombing of innocent civilians.

But I'm perhaps going to make myself a bit unpopular in this Assembly by not just condemning Russia, which I do unequivocally, like everybody else who's spoken, but also by trying to be realistic. Let's get real. We could have prevented this invasion if we'd invited Ukraine to join NATO. We could have defeated Russia if we had been prepared to send our own troops in, which we were not. We could probably have forced a very difficult peace on them if President BIDEN had at least allowed his weapons to be used against the Russians on their own soil.

But we didn't do that because talk is cheap, and we wanted to prevent Ukraine from being destroyed, but we didn't want to defeat Russia because we were scared of the consequences. So, where do we go from there? Now, I see this report as critical of President TRUMP, and I'm not going to make myself very popular, but at least he's come into this situation quite late in the day. And he's trying to make peace. Not a satisfactory peace. I agree. And it's something that we all deeply regret. We don't want to reward aggression, but what are we actually prepared to do? I've got my colleagues sitting in front of us. Are we even prepared to sit in Kyiv and put our own selves at risk? Do we really want a never-ending war, or should we try and get some peace, unsatisfactory as it is, but at least we'll stop this bombing and this killing. So let's get real and let's put our mouth where our rhetoric is.

If we really want to save Ukraine, let's fight for it.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:21:12

Thank you. Our next speaker is Mr Joseph O'REILLY of Ireland.

M. Joseph O'REILLY

Irlande, PPE/DC

17:21:18

Thank you, President.

This crucial debate arises from Resolution 2598 of 2025 dealing with the need to ensure accountability and avoid impunity for Russia on foot of its illegal and barbaric invasion of Ukraine.

This Resolution welcomes the commitment by the core group of participants involving over 40 countries in the Lviv Statement of 9 May 2025, expressing political support for the draft legal texts establishing the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine within the framework of the Council of Europe. It is great that tomorrow this will be signed off. We can be so proud of this. It is crucial in establishing accountability and that it is right in itself, but will also act as a deterrent into the future.

We need a just system of reparations offering redress for victims. The Register of Damage for Ukraine, established under our auspices on foot of Resolution 2573 of 2024 is vital.

I am proud that our actions are real rather than aspirational. The sickening story of Russian aggression against Ukraine is a horror story of attacks on residential areas, on infrastructure, and of systematic torture. Of the 74 000 missing, unaccounted-for Ukrainians, up to 20 000 are children, barbarously abducted for Russification. They can never be let slip from our agenda.

Russia has flagrantly breached the core principles of international law, notably jus cogens norms concerning territorial integrity. Their brutality is unspeakable and it behoves all our countries. Their brutality to prisoners of war and their abductions flout the European Charter of Human Rights. Frozen Russian assets are a legitimate source of reparations. All the members of the Council of Europe must actively support this.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:24:06

Thank you very much.

Our next speaker is Mr Sam RUSHWORTH of the United Kingdom.

M. Sam RUSHWORTH

Royaume-Uni, SOC

17:24:13

Thank you.

We assemble today, parliamentarians from across Europe, in an institution founded in the aftermath of world war, to defend democracy, the rule of law and respect of human rights.

After decades of progress and flourishing, the clouds of war have again descended on Europe, including the most egregious of crimes, and the world has been reordered beneath our feet. Just a year ago, it was unthinkable that we would see the USA adopt a neutral position on Russian aggression against a sovereign nation.

So let us in this Assembly be very clear: it is for the Ukrainian people to decide whether to cede territory as part of a peace agreement and not for Trump or Putin. As long as the people of Ukraine want to fight for their homeland, and for their rights and freedoms, friendly European nations must stand with them.

The crimes of the Russian Federation are too many to list in two minutes, but the horrors we have seen, from the torture of prisoners, to rape, to targeting of civilians and the forced displacement of millions, and kidnapping children, are acts of genocide which are a stain on our collective consciousness and compel us to act.

The call in this motion to establish a special tribunal dedicated to prosecuting crimes of aggression against Ukraine is the very least we can do. Such a tribunal would send an unequivocal message: that those who wage illegal war and commit atrocities will face accountability. It will uphold the principles of international law and reinforce that no power stands above justice.

Colleagues, where the former leaders of the free world have stood aside, let us step up and fulfil our mandate, be a voice for the voiceless, a shield for the vulnerable and the guardians of justice. I commend this motion.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:26:07

Thank you very much.

Our next speaker is Ms Larysa BILOZIR of Ukraine.

Mme Larysa BILOZIR

Ukraine, ADLE

17:26:15

Mr President, honourable colleagues, first, I sincerely thank our rapporteurs Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS and Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO for your moral clarity, deep commitment to truth, and political and personal courage. To you, Yelyzaveta, for your personal courage to become a mum during the war and for your personal courage to work on such an important topic of repatriating and the release of prisoners of war. Eerik, who only in the last two months was twice in Ukraine, working, permanently working under permanent air alerts, being with us in the bomb shelters, not sleeping, and facing and witnessing very severe Russian attacks on our capital.

Colleagues, our voices here now at this debate are the voices of those who cannot speak today. Abducted children, civilians buried under rubble, thousands silenced by bombs and prisoners of war, tortured for defending their own homeland. Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS today updated us on the situation in Ukraine, and I will tell you what is happening just now. Russia bombed the train from Odessa to Zaporizhzhia and there are dead and injured. You should see this photo inside the train that is covered with blood and rubble.

In Dnipro today, 21 schools have been destroyed or damaged just right now. Ten kindergartens, eight medical facilities. This happens daily. Ukrainians are not numbers. We are people praying to survive each night. We cannot do this alone. And the civilised world must act.

A terrorist state, Russia mocks all Geneva Conventions. Ukrainian PoWs are executed and starved. The ICRC is denied access to them. Families have no answers. A week ago, a doctor showed a photo of a released prisoner body burned with glory to Russia and the letter Z, a mark of terror on the body of the prisoner, burned into a human being like property. So, let's remember that behind every number is a face, a family, a friend. This Assembly must at least be their voice. Not later, but now.

Slava Ukraini.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:28:43

 Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS of Lithuania.

M. Emanuelis ZINGERIS

Lituanie, PPE/DC

17:28:53

Thank you dear friends.

Today we are on the eve of the signing tomorrow by Mr ZELENSKYY and other leaders of the establishment of the Special Tribunal. After we spent years and years trying to establish the Register of Damages. And the Register of Damages, which is now working in the Hague, is only in its second stage. Can you imagine? We are only on the second stage of the Register of Damages, which means we have no compensation mechanism at a moment when the Ukrainian authorities donated 105 000 compensations for the bombed people, killed families and their relatives. And we should support Ukrainian victims internally.

Just now we are late in everything about Ukraine and the other events in the world will be delaying the process while Ukraine will never again be on the first page. So Russia is waiting when Ukraine will be on the second page of newspapers and then they will do their work against us in Ukraine.

So, how we are ready to give, I'm sorry to say in this chamber, 2%. I'm just asking southern countries, especially Spain, to prepare to answer in the Hague, there will be a huge NATO meeting, and understand that the war in Ukraine is our war for dignity. We have Belarus now. Do we want to have Belarus in Ukraine? Just Belarusian underground revolutionary people who are with us together today, they're describing Belarus like a gulag. Should we have an additional gulag instead of Ukraine? Or are we ready to not let Russia reestablish a Joseph-Stalin-type regime in the territories that are captive. So from our point of view I'm congratulating. But from the other point of view, I would like to say that we are late in every moment of our support for Ukraine. Slava Ukraini.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:31:11

Thank you.

I now invite Ms Olena KHOMENKO of Ukraine to address us.

Mme Olena KHOMENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

17:31:18

Mister President, distinguished colleagues, dear rapporteurs,

During the recent months, we've observed a meaningful increase in prisoner exchanges – numerous Ukrainian servicemen returning from long-term captivity, including the severely wounded and families receiving the remains of their loved ones.

While it’s indeed important developments, yet, we cannot let relief overshadow reality. Ukrainian prisoners of war continue to endure systematic torture and humiliation. Over 90% of our returned prisoners report similar abuse and maltreatment.

At the same time, Russia’s leader has reaffirmed that ending the war is not their intention. Exchanges happen under the shadow of renewed violence.

Yet prisoners of war are not Russia's only victims facing inhuman and degrading treatment. You all know that almost 20 000 Ukrainian children have been forcibly deported or transferred to Russia and Belarus. At the same time, more than 1.6 million Ukrainian children remain trapped in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. Under Vladimir PUTIN's direct orders, these children are systematically stripped of their identities, placed into forced adoptions, and subjected to intense indoctrination aimed at erasing their Ukrainian identity. Education has become a tool of war, with schools transformed into platforms for military training and propaganda.

Just three weeks ago, we were receiving the delegation of the Network on the situation of the children of Ukraine. And the members of the delegation, our distinguished colleagues, had an opportunity to speak to a boy who was returned from deportation. He was taken to the camp and spent six weeks there. And after that, he was taken to the military academy and was retained there for three months so they could experience and they could see the testimonies of this poor boy.

There are war crimes and crimes against humanity. These are assaults on our very future. Any genuine negotiations towards peace must address these crimes clearly and uncompromisingly, demanding the immediate and unconditional return of all Ukrainian children, prisoners of war and civilian captives.

Thank you, dear colleagues.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:34:03

Thank you indeed.

Our next speaker is Mr Dave ROBERTSON of the United Kingdom.

M. Dave ROBERTSON

Royaume-Uni, SOC

17:34:12

Thank you, Mr President.

 

There is, quite rightly, a lot spoken about the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine in parliaments, assemblies and debating chambers right across the globe. Putin’s aggression has shattered the post-war consensus and his crimes have challenged the rules-based order that we, here, seek to defend.

 

More than this, though, in 10 or 20 years’ time, when Putin has lost, and he must lose in Ukraine, but when the history of this century is written I know that my nephews and nieces will one day ask me a question. How I will answer that question gives me shivers. And it causes me loss of sleep. Because in 20 years’ time how will I respond to the question “What did you do?”.

 

So, what we can do? From here in Strasbourg and in each of our Member States, we can say loud and clear that Putin must not win, that Ukraine must win. We can and should support Ukraine with words, but we must go further than words, and many of the ways to go beyond words are before us today in the reports that we are debating. Today we can agree to establish a Special Tribunal and updating laws in our Member States to ensure that the perpetrators of crimes are held to account. We can make sure that evidence for those trials is collected and preserved. We can continue to tighten economic sanctions on Russia and close the loopholes that Putin is using to finance his war machine. We can repurpose frozen Russian state assets for reconstruction so that our European values can again win the peace this century just as they did in the last.

 

Let us be very clear today that there can be no backsliding, there can be no equivocation. Despite the efforts of the Kremlin, despite their mouthpieces in other nations, despite the voices of some politicians who are too weak to see right from wrong, let us send a message today that Europe stands against aggression, that our values stand up for human rights and that we stand behind President ZELENSKYY and Ukraine.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:36:20

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Saara-Sofia SIRÉN of Finland.

Mme Saara-Sofia SIRÉN

Finlande, PPE/DC

17:36:29

Thank you, Mister President.

Let me begin by thanking the rapporteurs. These reports are very important and powerful reminders that behind every statistic, there is a human life, a child who is taken away from their parents, a civilian being tortured, a prisoner of war going missing and disappearing.

The violations of human rights documented here are not isolated incidents. They are systemic. Disappearances, unlawful detentions, sexual violence, torture, targeting civilians and civilian infrastructure. These are not only horrors that Ukrainians face every day, they are crimes that violate international law and human rights.

Therefore, we cannot look away, and we cannot get tired. We cannot forget. Justice for Ukraine is about standing up for justice and truth. It is about defending the values and the world order that safeguard us all.

We need to support investigations, enforce international law, we need to protect the ones that are most vulnerable. Ukrainian civilians, children and prisoners of war.

I would like to draw special attention, besides children who have been forcibly taken away from their parents, to women who are in captivity. They have suffered sexual violence and trauma. Many have been cut off from their families and loved ones. Their rights must be upheld, and their voices heard.

Human rights are not optional. They are the foundation of the work that we do here.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:38:43

Thank you.

I now invite Ms Margo GREENWOOD of Canada to address us.

Mme Margo GREENWOOD

Canada

17:38:49

Thank you, Mr President,

Honourable colleagues,

There is no disputing the fact that children have been among the primary victims of Russia’s illegal war of aggression against Ukraine.

Children have suffered wide-scale death and injury. Many have traumatically also witnessed significant harm to others, including family members and friends.

Russia’s war has forced millions of children from their homes, displacing them within Ukraine and abroad. The conflict has led to increased risks of abuse in many ways, including the trafficking and sexual exploitation of displaced children.

Worse of all, Russia has pursued a deliberate policy of child abduction, transferring tens of thousands of children from occupied Ukrainian territory to Russia and Russian-controlled territory and Belarus.

As a result of the conflict, Ukrainian children have frequently been deprived of healthcare and education.

Equally important is children’s loss of cultural identity, especially when their development is interrupted at key times in their lives.

These stolen children, along with others around the world, today, and in generations to come, are our future leaders. An attack on them is an attack on the very existence of our nations.

I am proud that Canada is actively supporting Ukraine in this trying context, including by co-chairing the International Coalition for the Return of Ukrainian Children.

Canada has been active through the 2024 Montréal Pledge, which consists of concrete steps to secure the return of deported children through the support of intermediary states.

In conclusion, I would like to reiterate the recent statement of the Council of Europe’s Commissioner for Human Rights, Mr Michael O'FLAHERTY, on 14 May 2025 “[w]e must insist, if there is to be peace rooted in Human Rights, we must insist on the return of Ukrainian children taken to Russia.”

Thank you. [Spoken in Cree]

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:41:06

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Ms Lesia ZABURANNA of Ukraine.

Mme Lesia ZABURANNA

Ukraine, ADLE

17:41:15

Thank you, Mister President.

First of all, I would like to we will start by thanking our rapporteurs for raising such important and such sensitive topics not only for Ukraine, but I think for all Europe. Since the last time we gathered in this chamber, Ukraine has endured more cruel nights, more missile strikes on homes, schools and hospitals. Even today, when we started our discussion about these reports in Ukraine, in Dnipro city, which is a southern city, we also had an awful missile attack. And now we know that more than 16 people were killed and more than 174 people were injured, at least.

So now, when we are in the process of discussing these very important reports, we have killed people in Ukraine, we have killed children in Ukraine. And Russia will not stop. More names are added to the list of the missing, the tortured, the unlawfully detained. It's no surprise that everything happening around the world today, the growing violence, the suffering of civilians, the attacks on democracy, shows that we should have acted sooner. We missed chances to stop the pain, to protect people, to change the direction. Things were hidden. But even so, we are late. We are not too late. This moment still matters. It may feel dark now, but it's not the end. And we highly appreciate the decision to establish the Special International Tribunal. And we kindly ask you also to be active in the question of confiscating Russian frozen assets. Because peace, justice and democratic values are the most important to save their lives, not only in Ukraine, but in the world.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:43:39

 Thank you. Our next speaker is Ms Miapetra KUMPULA-NATRI of Finland.

Mme Miapetra KUMPULA-NATRI

Finlande, SOC

17:43:48

Thank you, Chair and dear colleagues.

Every Ukrainian needs justice and deserves peace. And this is what this institution is about. We need to work until we get every child returned and reintegrated into Ukrainian society. And I support both of these reports and I very much underline the sentence that Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS has in his report: "This assembly believes that the future peace negotiations should address the situation and define the role of the conditions for return and reintegration of Ukrainian children".

I'm very happy that this Parliamentary Assembly, the network of children and the Finnish delegation had a whole-day conference in Helsinki to talk about the deportation of children. And I'm thankful for Eerik that he has included in his report also more knowledge that we have learned even during that day. We also had a visitor from Yale University research lab who is analysing with his team and setting the conditions to understand the whole strategy of Putin and then locate those children that are missing. Our group on the Ukrainian children works intensively on the issues and we see that so many souls are missed in Russia, but also more than 1 200 returned. And we have to continue to reach those 20 000, which might be difficult, but we see also that in the temporary occupied territories the situation is deteriorating.

Together with Belarus, Putin has plans to militarise those young souls of Ukrainian kids, to educate them to be part of the Russian army. So we have mentioned here before that we want to support the institutions, to support this Special Tribunal and contribute to the work of the Register of Damage for Ukraine and compensation fund. And we have to repeat it until they are true. We have had news from the Council that it's coming soon, but we have to exert pressure until it's very true and functioning.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:46:12

 Thank you very much. Our next speaker is Mr Kacper Maciej PŁAŻYŃSKI of Poland. Not here? Then I call Ms Manuela PERTEGHELLA of the United Kingdom.

Mme Manuela PERTEGHELLA

Royaume-Uni, ADLE

17:46:31

Thank you, Chair. And thank you to the rapporteurs for their important work.

Russia's illegal invasion of Ukraine is an assault on the very foundations of international law, human rights and on the principle that borders cannot and must not be redrawn by brute force. Those of us who believe in democracy and the rule of law have a duty to stand with Ukraine and support the Ukrainian resistance against PUTIN's barbarism. We have once again seen Russian attacks on homes and civilian infrastructure and the death of innocent people.

The UK and other European countries have played a meaningful role. The public response to the plight of the Ukrainian people has been extraordinary.

However, goodwill alone is not enough. This is the moment to step up, not slow down. If Washington is hesitating, then Europe must lead against the tyrants on our own continent. We must shut off the financial lifelines that are still propping up PUTIN's war machine. And frozen Russian assets must be seized and used to sustain the war effort and rebuild Ukraine. Their money cannot sit idle while Russian bombs level hospitals, flatten homes and turn schools into mass graves. Every hour frozen Russian assets lie untouched is an hour Ukraine pays the price for our hesitation. Sanctions are only as tough as the efforts we put into enforcing them and must cause real pressure on the Russian regime.

Let us be absolutely clear: there can be no peace without justice. The forced deportation of civilians, the abduction of children, the mass targeting of civilians: these are war crimes. The Special Tribunal must quickly progress and hold accountable all those responsible and complicit in Russian aggression. But above all, it must be effective in delivering international justice.

Colleagues, we must stay the course until Europe is free again.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:48:34

Thank you.

I now invite Ms Alexandra SCHOOS of Luxembourg to address us.

Mme Alexandra SCHOOS

Luxembourg, CEPA

17:48:40

Mister President,

Distinguished colleagues,

We gather today not only to exchange views, but to uphold the principles that define this very institution: the rule of law, human rights and the dignity of all people, even in times of war.

There is a growing and justified recognition that aggression constitutes one of the gravest crimes in international law. The momentum towards establishing special tribunals to prosecute such acts sends a clear message: that the international community will not be silent in the face of unprovoked violence.

In this pursuit of justice, we must remain vigilant. Legal determinations must not be shaped by shifting political winds. It is dangerously easy to label acts as aggression when it serves strategic interests, but justice demands objective criteria, principled reasoning and consistent application. Above all, we must ensure that the law is applied to everyone. Selective justice corrodes legitimacy; it undermines the very values we seek to defend.

Nowhere is this clarity more urgently needed than in the ongoing war in Ukraine. My party in Luxembourg is of the opinion that a negotiated settlement, one that protects Ukraine’s sovereignty and reflects the principles of international law, is the only path to lasting peace. The Council of Europe has a vital role to play in this, not as a partisan actor, but as a defender of human rights, of national minorities and of democratic values.

At the same time, we must not forget the human cost of conflict, especially for prisoners of war. The Geneva Conventions are unambiguous: all combatants must be treated humanely, and civilians must never be arbitrarily detained. The recent exchanges of prisoners between Ukraine and the Russian Federation are a welcome sign of what diplomacy can achieve. But much more is needed. Detaining civilians in violation of international norms is not only illegal, it is morally indefensible.

Furthermore, we must consider the long-term human consequences of conflict. Former prisoners return home with deep psychological scars. They require medical care, social support and reintegration programs. Their reintegration is not a matter of charity; it is a long-term responsibility. If we are willing to invest billions in weapons and military support, let us also invest in the healing of those broken by conflict.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:51:10

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr François BONNEAU of France.

Have you put your badge in? You need to press the button as well.

M. François BONNEAU

France, ADLE

17:51:52

Yes. Thank you, sorry.

Mr President, dear colleagues, I would like to begin by welcoming the report by our colleague Yelyzaveta YASKO, which sheds light on the crimes perpetrated by the Russian Federation against Ukrainian prisoners of war.

The report reveals shocking figures, no doubt largely underestimated, concerning the summary executions, acts of torture, deprivation of medical care and sexual abuse inflicted on prisoners of war by Vladimir PUTIN's regime.

These facts have been widely documented, notably by the United Nations International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. However, it is difficult to grasp the full extent of the situation, as the Russian Federation refuses to give representatives of international organisations access to prisoners of war.

The exact number of Ukrainian POWs and civilians held by Russia also remains unknown. Although 64 prisoner exchanges have taken place since the start of the conflict, Vladimir PUTIN's jails are still believed to hold several tens of thousands of Ukrainian prisoners, both military and civilian. According to the UN, 95% of released prisoners claim to have been victims of torture and ill-treatment. This is a system organised by the Kremlin, not an isolated case.

This situation represents yet another clear violation of international humanitarian law, in particular the Third Geneva Convention, which guarantees humane treatment of prisoners of war.

It is therefore our responsibility to expose the war crimes committed by Russia against Ukrainian prisoners, and to do everything in our power to secure their release. By holding this debate today, it seems to me that we are all making a contribution.

The release of prisoners of war must be a sine qua non for a ceasefire and lasting peace. This requirement, often neglected in discussions, is nonetheless a moral obligation.

Finally, I would like to express my solidarity with the families of Ukrainian POWs, who are enduring unspeakable suffering. May our discussions today rekindle their hope.

I shall therefore vote in favor of this resolution.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:54:08

Thank you.

Our next speaker is Mr Dmytro NATALUKHA of Ukraine.

M. Dmytro NATALUKHA

Ukraine, CEPA

17:54:14

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you.

I would like to start with a quote: "There's an old rule that wherever a Russian soldier sets foot, that's ours".

These are the words of Vladimir PUTIN said on 20 June 2025 – four days ago – at an economic forum in Saint Petersburg.

Another quote, and I draw the attention of one of the rapporteurs, the highly esteemed Mr KROSS, as an Estonian citizen: "Should Russia actually invade Estonia, the alliance clause in Article 5 applies. If it's a relatively small attack and Estonia's overall territorial integrity is not threatened, there's time for consultations. We have to weigh up whether we want to start a war or not".

These are the words of Robert BAUER, a NATO Admiral, Chair of the NATO Military Committee until January 2025. Now, my question to you is: what is a relatively small attack? Is an invasion of a border checkpoint a relatively small attack? Is an invasion of a village near the border a relatively small attack? How can you define that? But moreover, how can you be sure that if a Russian soldier sets foot on a relatively small part of your territory, that it will not be considered theirs, as Vladimir PUTIN puts it?

So my message, ladies and gentlemen, here, is that this is not just about Ukraine. This is about any country where a Russian soldier might put their foot. And unfortunately, today, all of the countries that have borders with Russia are under threat. So we are here establishing a tribunal and taking care of the prisoners of war, not just of the Ukrainian side. We are waiting on not how to start a war, we should consider how to stop this war and to win it for good.

So please support both resolutions. Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:56:22

 Thank you. Our next speaker is Mr Stéphane MAZARS of France.

M. Stéphane MAZARS

France, ADLE

17:56:28

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

Ladies and gentlemen, on 5 June, in the Chernihiv region, Russian missiles killed five civilians, including a child.

On 10 June, Russia deliberately targeted a maternity hospital in Odesa.

On the night of 16–17 June in Kyiv, a series of drones and missiles destroyed apartment buildings, killing 28 people, all civilians.

Yesterday, once again in the Ukrainian capital, attacks left more civilians dead, including an 11-year-old girl called Mariia.

These are just a few examples from the last few days. I could continue to list the countless deaths, the wounded, the missing people, but, my dear colleagues, this macabre list would unfortunately be too long and no doubt incomplete.

What we see here, day after day, are not isolated tragedies, but the fruit of an overall, deliberate strategy. That of an aggressor state, which tramples international law, bombs homes, targets civilians, kills children, organises the deportation of children, tortures prisoners and denies the very existence of a people.

Yes, the Russian Federation is waging a criminal war of aggression against Ukraine, and what are we doing about it?

This report, by our colleague Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS, whose quality I applaud, not only denounces the appalling crimes committed, but also sets out a path to follow. Firstly, it affirms that impunity cannot be the price of peace, because peace, if it were based on oblivion, on territorially imposed concessions and on the silence of the victims, would be no more than a toxic armistice, a mere truce that would herald tomorrow's aggressions.

And then, dear colleagues, we must finally create the long-awaited Special Tribunal to judge the crime of aggression against Ukraine.

The Tribunal is technically ready, the legal foundations have been laid, and all that's missing is our political will.

At the same time, we must guarantee effective compensation for the victims. The Register of Damages has been set up, and over 20 000 claims have already been registered.

Finally, I want to make it clear that no peace agreement can legitimise the annexation of Ukrainian territories.

Ladies and gentlemen, we are indeed at a crossroads. What we decide today will redefine the future of our international order and of our continent based on law and justice.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

17:58:52

 Thank you. Our next speaker is Ms Mira NIEMINEN of Finland.

Mme Mira NIEMINEN

Finlande, CEPA

17:58:59

Mister President,

Dear colleagues,

Russia has committed serious violations of international law in Ukraine. Among these crimes, the forced deportation of children stands out as particularly cruel. These are not isolated incidents. They are part of a broader, systematic campaign to destroy Ukrainian identity, break national will and inflict lasting harm on the civilian population.

This Assembly has been very clear: all illegally detained Ukrainian civilians must be released. Abducted children must be returned to their homes. This must happen now, not years from now.

Our duty is to keep these children on the agenda. They must not be forgotten, not reduced to statistics at the bottom of a news report. Every child has a name, a family and a future.

We need closer co-operation between judicial authorities, stronger sanctions and diplomatic isolation for those obstructing the return of abducted children.

These crimes must not go unpunished. We must ensure criminal accountability for those involved in the forced deportations of children. We must insist on the immediate return of these children, and above all, we need reparations. State-level and individual compensation are essential.

This will only be achieved with determined and unified international co-operation. The ICC and the European Court of Human Rights have acted, but Russia’s refusal to co-operate makes justice difficult. We must increase the pressure!

Finland’s position is clear: all forcibly deported children must be returned. This is not a matter for negotiation; it is a legal obligation.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:01:21

Thank you.

I now call Ms Maryna BARDINA of Ukraine.

Mme Maryna BARDINA

Ukraine, ADLE

18:01:29

Mister President,

Dear colleagues,

First of all, I would like to say thank you to the rapporteurs for their work in preparing reports on such important and complex matters.

Today's morning started for me with messages from my parliament colleagues, from my parliament assistant. She says she needs to go out of Kyiv to go to her hometown, Dnipro, because in the morning, a Russian missile hit the residential building where her parents live.

A week ago, my former parliament colleague lost her husband. And Ukraine lost a talented actor, Yurii FELIPENKO. He was only 32 years old, and Russia killed him. I can share with you numerous stories about our everyday life in Ukraine, but two minutes unfortunately is not enough.

So, using this time, I want to say one more time that the establishment of a Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine within the framework of the Council of Europe is an extremely important step towards ensuring accountability for Russia and its officials. Equally vital to restoring justice is the use of frozen Russian assets to compensate individuals whose rights have been violated as a result of the Russian Federation’s armed aggression.

Furthermore, I would also like to share with you information about our parliamentary work to support people, to support the special category of victims who have suffered from conflict-related sexual violence. And this year, in June, Ukraine's law “On Legal and Social Protection of Persons Who Suffered from Sexual Violence Related to the Armed Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, and Provision of Urgent Interim Reparations” entered into force.

I want to thank all of you, especially my Committee, Ms Petra BAYR, for help for support and thanks to our joint efforts, Ukraine became the first country to adopt reparation legislation during an ongoing war. So today's resolution is an important step in this direction to support these people and other categories of victims. And I hope that finally the principle of justice will win.

Thank you.

Lord Don TOUHIG

Royaume-Uni, SOC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:03:52

Thank you.

And our final speaker is Ms Kadri TALI of Estonia.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE

18:04:00

Honourable President, dear rapporteurs, ladies and gentlemen.

First of all, I would like to say that there is not enough words to describe the importance of these reports. Most of us in this hall have been living in a democratic world. For many of us, democracy is so essential in everyday life that we might not even understand the concept of lack of it until it is too late.

We Estonians have been there. Our country has been occupied and we have learned it in a hard way. We have missing members in every Estonian family due to aggression of Soviet occupation. We have been forced to study rewritten history at schools. Freedom of our home is our core value. The greatest threat to democracy is war. 

Russia's ongoing aggression against Ukraine, PUTIN's aggressive goals, remain unchanged. He wants all of Ukraine, but not only. Russia's aim in connection to this war is much broader: to push NATO out of Europe and create a buffer zone beyond its borders. The outcome of this war is existential to the whole of Europe.

Everyone in this hall must understand your border is on the Narva River. We Estonians live there on a daily basis. Estonia has pledged 0.25 of its GDP to Ukraine's military aid until 2027. But Estonia has also increased our own defence spending, over 5% of GDP starting next year. Europe needs to move into a higher gear. All the European countries must increase their own defence spending. If not us, then who? 

Ladies and gentlemen, while supporting Ukraine, we must raise the cost of aggression for Russia. In this context, one crucial step is confiscating immobilised Russian Central Bank assets. Not only the interest of these assets, but the assets themselves. Russia has inflicted over 500 billion in damages on Ukraine.

International law is clear: Russia must be held accountable and provide full reparations. The Council of Europe's registration of damages for Ukraine is a key tool in this regard. The international community has both the justification and the means to act. Last year, Estonia was the first country in Europe to set an example by adopting a law allowing confiscation of Russian assets. Currently, over 200 billion euros in Russian assets remain immobilised in the EU. We must now mobilise our political will to use them for Ukraine's benefit.

Dear colleagues, I kindly ask you to support these resolutions. Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:06:21

Thank you.

Dear colleagues, I must now interrupt the list of speakers, the speeches of members on the speakers list who have been present during the debate but have not been able to speak, if there are any. Are there any, or have you all--? So you all have taken the floor. No need to make this announcement.

I will now call Yelyzaveta YASKO, the rapporteur, to reply. You have 3 minutes.

Mme Yelyzaveta YASKO

Ukraine, PPE/DC, Rapporteure

18:06:58

Dear colleagues,

I want to thank you, each and every one of you who raised the numbers, the facts and people's life stories. It matters to us. It matters to many Ukrainians, to different categories in our society: women, men, children, young people, elderly, those who are the frontline, those who are not. All of us, we go through very hellish days in our lives.

And I wish I wouldn't be repeating all of this to you, but I've heard the question raised by one of the colleagues here from Switzerland saying whether it's right that a Ukrainian is actually raising a Ukrainian question and a Ukrainian report. And I want to reply on that, because I would be dreaming not to be raising issues about Ukraine and the crimes that are happening against my country. But if all of us would have taken this position, I'm sure that most of us will not be alive any more. Our soldiers will not be fighting. Our people will not be standing up and protecting our country and our lives, our children.

Russia is really not listening to anyone. We know that. I want to just give you an information about the Third Geneva Convention that says that in the case of prisoners of war, the country, the state should establish a transparent bureau of information of the prisoners of war. But you know what Russia did, they actually don't say that they established something, but they report that in the Ministry of Defence there is something like the information bureau, which is already against the regulations and rules. And they never share this information transparently to the ICRC, and as it should be done.

There are so many things that need to be rethought and redone. And I want to say once again that every member state here and each of you really can facilitate certain discussions to start negotiations to release and bring more people back home, whether it's Ukrainian children, prisoners of war or any other categories of people. Please, let's not lose this time, because next day there might be hundreds and thousands more. I want to thank the Secretariat for this work and everyone who was very supportive and helping on writing this report, because we need this report for justice.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:10:06

Thank you, Yelyzaveta.

I call now Mr Eerik KROSS, rapporteur, to reply. Eerik, you have 3 minutes.

M. Eerik-Niiles KROSS

Estonie, ADLE, Rapporteur

18:10:24

Yes, thank you.

Did I lose 20 seconds? No.

I want to start by thanking all the Ukrainians for their help. And actually they are doing the main job. I mean, we are thanking each other, but it's actually a minute thing that we are doing. Thanks to the Ukrainians we are still here today and talking about it.

So this was a quite depressing debate. We have been debating in a similar manner for the last three years. We repeat, describe what's going on in Ukraine, it's horrific. And then at the same time we are self-congratulatory. We say that we have now established or are about to establish the Tribunal and we have done well. And then we also say that we need to act. That's roughly the summary of all the speeches, that were great. So I do not want you to leave here depressed. I want you to leave here today feeling the urgency. And the first job I suggest is that you actually take the time and read the report and the resolution that we are hopefully going to adopt soon.

There are several assignments in there for all of us. The fact that we are signing, that President Zelenskyy and the Council of Europe will sign the Tribunal Treaty tomorrow doesn't mean that the Tribunal will start to work. All of our governments need to join the treaty. We need to find money. We need to sign a treaty with the Netherlands, the Headquarters Agreement. We need to find people, judges, prosecutors, investigators. That all needs to happen. That's acting. That's what we need to do.

There are other elements of the International Compensation Mechanism for Ukraine that are not done yet. We have the Claims Registry. It's working. Claims are coming in, but we do not have the Claims Commission. For some reason, some of our member states are procrastinating there. So that is a job. We need to talk to our government. We need to push it through.

It has taken us three years to get to the point when the Tribunal is finally being signed on paper. A Ukrainian kid who was 14 three years ago in Russian captivity is now 17, probably brainwashed, indoctrinated, Russified and traumatised. Does it take another three years? Then he's going to be 21 when he maybe finally gets justice on paper. Do we have a process for how we actually return all those Ukrainian children? There is a lot of work to be done, so let's keep going. And Ukraine must win. Slava Ukraini.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:13:40

Thank you, Eerik.

On behalf of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, the Vice-Chair, Pablo HISPÁN, Pablo.

M. Pablo HISPÁN

Vice-Président de la Commission des questions juridiques et des droits de l'homme

18:13:52

Thank you, President.

Colleagues,

Last May, the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights unanimously adopted the draft resolution based on Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS. Today, we present the draft for final adoption by this Assembly. This is the third report on the legal and human rights aspect of the Russian Federation's aggression prepared by the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, following those prepared by Damien COTTIER and our former member, Mr Davor Ivo STIER.

I would like to thank the rapporteur for his excellent and in-depth work. Eerik carried out a fact-finding mission in Kyiv and organised multilateral and bilateral meetings and hearings. The resolution covers many different issues concerning accountability for the war of aggression against Ukraine and all the crimes committed by Russia. But I would like to mention above all the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression.

Our Committee was the one which made the first proposal to establish this Tribunal back in April 2022. More than three years later, we are very close to making this wish a reality with the Council of Europe, an international criminal tribunal created by the Council of Europe for the first time in history. We should be very proud of this achievement. Today, the Committee of Ministers authorised the Secretary General to sign the bilateral agreement with Ukraine to set up the Tribunal. And tomorrow, President ZELENSKYY will sign the agreement here in Strasbourg. The Assembly will continue to support this process and put pressure on our states and national parliaments so that they can complete all the necessary procedures and give the necessary resources and tools to the Tribunal. And we hope to see more developments in the future concerning the compensation mechanism.

A lasting peace cannot exist without justice and reparations to the victims of this criminal aggression.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:15:54

Thank you, Pablo.

Mr BOUYX, would you like to speak on behalf of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy? If so, you have 3 minutes.

M. Bertrand BOUYX

Président de la Commission des questions politiques et de la démocratie

18:16:04

Mister Chairman,

Thank you for giving me the floor.

Dear colleagues,

On behalf of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy, I would like to thank Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO for her excellent work in completing this excellent report, and Ms Rian VOGELS for her opinion. I would also like to thank the colleagues who have just spoken for all the comments they have brought to the debate.

As we have heard today, the situation of Ukrainian prisoners of war is dramatic.

The appalling conditions of detention imposed by the Russian authorities on Ukrainian prisoners of war, as reported by various international monitoring mechanisms, should be a wake-up call to us all.

These flagrant violations of international humanitarian law are an insult to all the principles we hold dear in this organisation.

We have a moral obligation to do everything in our power to ensure that the rights and dignity of Ukrainian prisoners of war are fully respected and upheld, and to facilitate and accelerate their return to Ukraine and to their loved ones.

In particular, we must increase political and diplomatic pressure on the Russian Federation to comply fully with the Third Geneva Convention and to commit itself in good faith to the release and repatriation of all Ukrainian prisoners of war.

The efforts of certain countries involved in facilitating the exchange of prisoners of war between Ukraine and the Russian Federation are also to be commended and seen as an example of the possibilities offered by diplomacy. May these examples be a source of inspiration for our future endeavours.

Indeed, the report calls on all states to take various initiatives, including supporting political negotiations, ensuring that additional resources are made available to the Central Tracing Agency of the International Committee of the Red Cross, to strengthen its capacities and promoting the establishment of a mechanism for the rapid, safe and regular identification, tracing, release and repatriation of all prisoners of war.

Nor should we forget the need to provide, at the same time, all necessary assistance to the families of Ukrainian prisoners of war, as well as to returning prisoners of war, who face various challenges to their full reintegration into Ukrainian society.

Allow me to stress the urgency of taking all these measures, as indicated in the report. I would like once again to congratulate Ms Yelyzaveta YASKO, on behalf of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy, for her excellent work.

Thank you for your attention.

Vote : Questions juridiques et violations des droits de l'homme liées à l’agression de la Fédération de Russie contre l’Ukraine / Favoriser les négociations politiques en vue de l'échange et de la libération des prisonniers de guerre

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:19:03

Thank you, Bertrand.

The debate is closed. Before we proceed, I would like to inform you, you have already heard from me yesterday and today that President  ZELENSKYY is going to be here tomorrow at the Council of Europe. He will arrive at our Assembly at approximately 8:30 p.m. In the evening, 8:30 p.m. So I call on all of you, all colleagues, to be present. He will address the Assembly, and then he will receive questions.

So, the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights has presented a draft resolution. The document was under the number 16193, to which 38 amendments and three sub-amendments have been tabled.

I understand that the second Vice-Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the assembly that Amendments 15, 33, 16, 1, 17, 19, 20, 21, 4, 22, 6, 7, 38, 9, 14, 23, 24, 37, 25, 12, 27 and 34 to the draft resolution, which were unanimously approved by the Committee, be declared as definitely approved. Amendment 36 was also unanimously approved by the Committee, but will need to be taken separately, because if it is agreed, Amendment 8 falls. Is that so, Mr Pablo HISPÁN? Yes.

If there are no objections, I will consider the amendments to be approved.

Is there any objection? No.

So the amendments, as I have announced, are approved.

I understand that the second Vice-Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the assembly that Amendments 3, 29, 35 and 31 to the draft resolution, which were rejected by the Committee with a two-thirds majority, be declared as definitely rejected. Is that so, Mr HISPÁN? Yes.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:21:29

You have the floor.

Mme Sophia CHIKIROU

France, GUE

18:21:31

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

I'm speaking because these are amendments I tabled and defended in Committee, which were indeed rejected by a two-thirds majority.

However, I'm prepared to withdraw the amendments I tabled and which were rejected by the Committee, but I'd like to make a statement, if I may, about the amendments that were rejected, Amendments 29, 31, and I believe 30, which were rejected by the Committee.

I want to make a statement because these amendments were important from my point of view, because I'm fighting so that political opponents in Russia, who are hunted down and imprisoned, can be recognised as part of the resistance movement.

I think it's very important that these Russian political opponents who are now in exile, imprisoned or risking their lives, should be recognised. I would also like to draw the attention of this Assembly to the situation in Ukraine, where martial law, and in particular Article 111.1, poses problems that have been denounced by the European Court of Human Rights and the United Nations. And this article on martial law poses problems for political and trade union opponents in Ukraine.

I therefore withdraw my amendments on these issues, but I would still like to draw everyone's attention to the fact that fundamental freedoms in Russia, first and foremost, of course, but also under martial law, are being called into question.

Thank you for your attention.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:23:05

Okay, thank you. So the statement has been heard.

If no objection, we'll consider the amendments to be rejected. Any objections? No.

So Amendments 3, 29, 35 and 31 to the draft resolution are therefore rejected and will not be called.

Amendment 18 has a sub-amendment from the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights. I call Olena KHOMENKO to support Amendment 18. Olena, you have 30 seconds.

Mme Olena KHOMENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:23:56

Yes. This amendment notes that the Russian colonisers will complicate the occupation and peace, as they are part of the Russian strategy to legalise the consequences of the aggression in the form of redrawing borders.

And Russian authorities are involved in numerous human rights violations as described in the introductory memorandum. Teachers are eradicating children's identity, cultural workers are destroying cultural and religious heritage, and judges are facilitating politically motivated criminal prosecutions.

Please support this amendment.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:24:39

Thank you, Elena.

I call now Eerik KROSS to support the sub-amendment.

M. Eerik-Niiles KROSS

Estonie, ADLE, Rapporteur

18:24:47

Yes, thank you.

I'm, in general, in favour of this amendment with the following sub-amendment... I want to leave out the names of the federal programmes and use a phrase: "to encourage to relocate to occupied territories through federal programmes."

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:25:12

Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-amendment?

What is the opinion of the mover of the main amendment?

Ms Olena KHOMENKO, you said that you agree with the rapporteur. Okay.

The Committee is obviously in favour. I shall now put the sub-amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed. I call for the result to be displayed.

The sub-amendment is agreed. Now we come to the main amendment 18 as amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment as amended?

No.

What is the opinion of the Committee on the amendment? The opinion of the Committee?

M. Pablo HISPÁN

Vice-Président de la Commission des questions juridiques et des droits de l'homme

18:26:19

The amendment was rejected.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:26:23

I shall now put the amendment as amended to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment 18 is rejected.

Amendment 28 has a sub-amendment from the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights. I call Sophia CHIKIROU to support Amendment 28. 30 seconds.

Mme Sophia CHIKIROU

France, GUE

18:27:25

Thank you, Mr President.

The purpose of this amendment is to point out that the Russian authorities also repress their domestic opponents. They have been sanctioned in this respect by judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, notably on 14 September 2023 for the torture suffered by Mr Azat MIFTAKHOV.

This amendment also emphasises that the aggression against Ukraine is part of a broader context of human rights violations. And so I support this amendment in its current wording. I know that there was a sub-amendment adopted in committee and I'd like to comment on this sub-amendment, but I don't know if this is the right time to do so or if I do that later.

 

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:28:05

 I call Mr KROSS to support the sub-amendment.

M. Eerik-Niiles KROSS

Estonie, ADLE, Rapporteur

18:28:12

Thank you. 

I agree with the amendment in spirit, but I would like to replace the last phrase instead of saying particular names with a general phrase. "Who challenged the war of aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine?"

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:28:32

Thank you.

Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-amendment?

What is the opinion of the mover of the main amendment?

Now is the time.

Mme Sophia CHIKIROU

France, GUE

18:28:44

Thank you, Mr President.

So, regarding this sub-amendment, I can understand why you don't mention the name of a particular person. That's the argument that was put to me in committee.

However, I'm a little bothered by the removal of the word "resist" for Russian opponents of the Russian regime, because they also contribute through their acts of resistance and their rejection of war. They also help to sway Russian opinion not to support Vladimir PUTIN.

And today, according to the latest surveys, 50% of Russians do not support the invasion of Ukraine.

So I believe that the role of resistance fighters and the word "resistance" should be included in this text.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:29:21

Thank you.

The Committee is obviously in favour.

I shall now put the sub-amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

The sub-amendment is agreed.

Now we come to the main amendment, Amendment 28, as amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment as amended? Against.

What is the opinion of the Committee on the amendment?

M. Pablo HISPÁN

Vice-Président de la Commission des questions juridiques et des droits de l'homme

18:30:15

Against.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:30:17

Against.

I shall now put the amendment as amended to the vote.

The vote is open.

Yes.

M. Pablo HISPÁN

Vice-Président de la Commission des questions juridiques et des droits de l'homme

18:30:49

The Committee was in favour. 

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:30:51

You cannot have the floor during the vote.

The vote is closed.

The amendment is rejected.

Amendment 2 has a sub-amendment from the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights...

Point of order? Yes, sir.

M. Emmanuel FERNANDES

France, GUE

18:31:21

Yes, I'm sorry, but I don't think the vote that has just taken place was carried out in conditions where the Assembly was properly informed, since the Committee's opinion, which was given by mistake, does not correspond to the Committee's actual opinion, which was in favour of the previous amendment.

So I think the result of the vote could have been different. The amendment was rejected. It should be put to the vote again with a favourable opinion from the Committee.

Thank you very much.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:31:54

I shouldn't permit one vote again, and I want to ask the Assembly if it is agreed to vote again since the message transmitted by the Committee was the wrong message.

Does anyone object to this?

Okay, so we will vote again.

I would like to listen clearly to the Committee. What is the position of the Committee?

M. Pablo HISPÁN

Vice-Président de la Commission des questions juridiques et des droits de l'homme

18:32:28

In favour.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:32:32

Okay, the previous vote was cancelled. We will vote again.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

And what a surprise; it was unanimously agreed.

Amendment 2 has a sub-amendment from the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights. 

I call Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO to support Amendment 2. Oleksii, 30 seconds.

M. Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:33:38

Dear colleagues,

This is an important amendment. And I think we should support it all together. So I ask for your support.

Thank you very much.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:33:47

I call Eerik-Niiles KROSS to support the sub-amendment. 30 seconds.

M. Eerik-Niiles KROSS

Estonie, ADLE, Rapporteur

18:33:53

Thank you.

The sub-amendment says that the visits we are talking about in occupied territories should be in support of the Russian war of aggression, and should have legal consequences. Which means not every visit, but the visit that supports the war.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:34:14

Thank you, Eerik.

Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-amendment?

Against?

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:34:20

Because you spoke for this Amendment, so what is the opinion of the mover, Oleksii?

M. Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:34:26

I support the oral sub-amendment of the rapporteur.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:34:31

Okay, the Committee is obviously in favour.

I now put the sub-amendment to the vote.

Let the vote begin.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

The sub-amendment is agreed.

Now we come to the main Amendment 2 as amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment as amended?

What is the opinion of the Committee on the amendment?

M. Pablo HISPÁN

Vice-Président de la Commission des questions juridiques et des droits de l'homme

18:35:18

 In favour.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:35:20

In favour, I repeat. I shall now put the amendment as amended to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment 2, as amended, is agreed.

I will finish my Presidency, but I still will never learn all this stuff.

So, I understand. "I understand". This is a word. There's an oral sub-amendment proposed to Amendment 32. I call Ms Sofia CHIKIROU. Do I pronounce it right, Sophia?

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:36:21

I call Sophia to support Amendment 32.

You have 30 seconds.

Mme Sophia CHIKIROU

France, GUE

18:36:25

Thank you, Mr President.

So, this is still an amendment aimed at reaffirming the solidarity of our Assembly with Russian citizens who are being persecuted because they have spoken out against the war in Ukraine.

Above all, we call for the release of all political prisoners imprisoned in the Russian Federation for their opposition to the war. Let me mention the brilliant mathematician Mr Azat MIFTAKHOV, the socialist activist Mr Boris KAGARLITSKY, the young Ms Daria KOZYREVA, the resistance fighter Mr Ruslan SIDICKI and the artists BERKOVICH and PETRICHUK.

All these people are imprisoned.

I ask you to support them and fight for their release.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:37:06

I have been informed by the Committee of the following oral sub-amendment. In Amendment 32, insert at the end: "as well as prisoners of war, political prisoners and civilians captured by the Russian Federation in the occupied Ukrainian territories and in Russia."

In my opinion, the oral sub-amendment is in order under our rules. However, do 10 or more members object to the oral sub-amendment?

That is not the case.

I call again, Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS, to support the sub-amendment on behalf of the Committee.

M. Eerik-Niiles KROSS

Estonie, ADLE, Rapporteur

18:37:57

Yes. Thank you.

The sub-amendment is self-evident, as the President just read it, and we support the amendment itself, just add this phrase.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:38:16

Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-amendment?

No. Okay.

The opinion of the mover of the main amendment. Sophia?

You support. Okay.

The Committee is obviously in favour of the sub-amendment. I shall now put the sub-amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

The sub-amendment is agreed.

Now we come to the main Amendment 32 as sub-amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment as sub-amended?

No.

What is the opinion of the Committee?

M. Pablo HISPÁN

Vice-Président de la Commission des questions juridiques et des droits de l'homme

18:39:06

In favour.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:39:10

Okay.

I shall now put the amendment as sub-amended to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment 32 as sub-amended is agreed.

I call now Olena KHOMENKO to support Amendment 36. Olena.

Mme Olena KHOMENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:39:54

Mister President, Amendment 36 was adopted by the Committee.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:40:09

 It is necessary to move this amendment because another one will come.

Mme Olena KHOMENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:40:15

Okay. This is about figures, of the number of deported and forcibly transferred children and how many of them were returned. There are 1 366 children who have been returned, and 19 546 children are still in the Russian Federation or occupied territories.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:40:47

Thank you.

Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment? The Committee is obviously in favour.

I shall now put the amendment to a vote. The vote is open.

The vote is closed. I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment 36 is agreed. 

I understand that Mr Oleksii GONCHARENKO would like to withdraw Amendment 10 in favour of an oral amendment of conciliation. Is that so, Oleksii?

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:41:42

Thank you.

Amendment 10 is therefore withdrawn.

I call now Mr GONCHARENKO to move his amendment.

Which one? Your alternative amendment, Oleksii. 

M. Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:41:59

What amendment number?

Amendment 10 is about the Ukrainian national human rights institution. That's a very important body. And we need to say that it should be consulted for the prevention of torture. So this is very important, and I ask for your support for this amendment and the Ukrainian national human rights institution.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:42:29

So, I should have earlier read the draft. No problem. I've been informed by the Committee of an oral amendment as follows.

In the draft resolution paragraph 12.7 following ICRC, insert "and the National Human Rights Institution, NHRI". In my opinion, the oral amendment meets the criteria for 34.7.a. Any opposition to the amendment being debated? Oleksii has already talked about this. Is there any opposition? No.

Eerik, will you support this?

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:43:17

Does anyone wish to speak against?

Yes, Ms Sophia CHIKIROU?

Mme Sophia CHIKIROU

France, GUE

18:43:26

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

It's not that I want to speak out against it, but I find it strange to claim to be imposing prisoner control on the Russian Federation...

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:43:38

Sophia, if you don't want to speak against, you cannot have the floor. If you want to speak in general, you cannot have the floor.

Mme Sophia CHIKIROU

France, GUE

18:43:42

Yes, yes, I'm speaking against it.

But when I say, how can you impose on the Russian Federation the control of prisoners of war by an institute under Ukrainian jurisdiction, when we're already managing to impose international organisations? So I think it would be...

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:43:55

Sophia, in ancient Greek, means wisdom. Please, Sophia, show wisdom

If you don't want to speak against, then you cannot have the floor.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:44:04

You said that you don't want to speak against? Either you speak against it, and you have the floor or not. So you speak against, and you have the floor. Okay, you have your 30 seconds.

Mme Sophia CHIKIROU

France, GUE

18:44:10

Would you like me to start again and speak against, Mister Chairman?

So, I'll start again with the reasons why I don't think this amendment is a good idea.

I don't think this amendment reflects reality. The Russian Federation will never accept a Ukrainian organisation visiting Ukrainian prisoners in Russia, let's face it.

So if we want to get international organisations like the Red Cross or other UN bodies to intervene, that's a battle worth fighting for.

But this is not reasonable, it doesn't correspond to reality, that's all.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:44:43

Thank you. Thank you, Sophia.

The Committee is obviously in favour.

I shall now put the oral amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

The oral amendment is agreed.

I call again for Mr GONCHARENKO to support Amendment 11, Oleksii, you have 30 seconds.

M. Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:45:24

Thank you very much.

We are speaking again about the national human rights institution, and once again, it is a very important institution. And this amendment proposes to insert the following paragraph: "invites relevant international accountability mechanisms to establish a standing consultation mechanism with the national human rights institution".

So this is very important. I ask you to support it.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:45:50

Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?

What is the Committee's view?

M. Pablo HISPÁN

Vice-Président de la Commission des questions juridiques et des droits de l'homme

18:45:59

In favour.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:46:01

In favour.

I shall now put the amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed. I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment 11 is agreed.

I understand there's an oral sub-amendment proposed to Amendment 13.

Mr GONCHARENKO, will you support Amendment 13?

M. Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:46:40

Definitely. Amendment 13 speaks about the important theme, to insert the following paragraph:

"calls on member and observer states to impose appropriate sanctions or legal consequences on individuals who have entered the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine in violation of Ukrainian law and international norms."

We already spoke about this today. This is part of the sovereignty of Ukraine, and it is very important to defend it. 

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:47:09

Thank you.

I've been informed by the Committee of the following oral sub-amendment in Amendment 13: replace "and international norms" with "to support the Russian war of aggression".

In my opinion, the oral sub-amendment is in order under our rules. However, do 10 or more members object to the oral sub-amendment being debated?

No, that is not the case.

I call Mr KROSS to support the sub-amendment on behalf of the Committee.

M. Eerik-Niiles KROSS

Estonie, ADLE, Rapporteur

18:47:40

Thank you.

Yes, we already voted for one similar sub-amendment.

It's the same: we replace "and international norms" with "to support the Russian war of aggression", to make it clear what visits we're talking about.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:47:57

Thank you, Eerik.

Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-amendment?

Yes, Sophia.

Mme Sophia CHIKIROU

France, GUE

18:48:06

Thank you, Mister Chairman.

I'm sounding the alarm on this type of amendment because it's an amendment that, once again, is "unreal politics".

The reality of borders today, including territories illegally occupied by Russia with Russia; the reality of these territories is that people trade on both sides of the border, that people visit each other, because there are family ties, there are human ties that unite people on both sides of the border.

By adopting this type of amendment, we are endangering people who, in the end, move around, sometimes with nothing and risk, under the pretext of Article 111.1 of martial law, being subject to repression and sanctions and being accused of collaboration when this is not necessarily the case.

So I'm sounding the alarm on this type of amendment, which calls into question human rights and the fundamental rights of civilians.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:48:55

What is the opinion of the mover of the main amendment, Oleksii?

M. Oleksii GONCHARENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:49:00

I support the rapporteur.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:49:03

The Committee is obviously in favour of the sub-amendment.

I shall now put the sub-amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed. I call for the result to be displayed.

The sub-amendment is agreed.

Now we come to the main Amendment 13 as sub-amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment as sub-amended? The Committee agreed this amendment as sub-amended. I shall now put the amendment as sub-amended to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed. I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment 13 is sub-amended as agreed.

I understand now that there is an oral sub-amendment proposed to Amendment 26.

I call Ms Olena KHOMENKO to support Amendment 16. 30 seconds.

Mme Olena KHOMENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:50:22

Dear colleagues, this amendment calls for targeted sanctions on individuals and entities involved in crimes against Ukrainian children and for harmonising the sanctions policy among jurisdictions.

Please support this amendment. Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:50:38

I've been informed by the Committee of the following oral sub-amendment: in Amendment 26, replace "including through the establishment of a mechanism for countering crimes against Ukrainian children" with "including through the establishment of an international mechanism for countering crimes against Ukrainian children".

In my opinion, the oral sub-amendment is in order under our rules. However, do 10 or more members object to the oral sub-amendment being debated?

This is not the case.

I call Mr KROSS to support the sub-amendment on behalf of the Committee. Eerik.

M. Eerik-Niiles KROSS

Estonie, ADLE, Rapporteur

18:51:17

Thank you.

It's a rather technical sub-amendment. We are using small letters instead of capital letters in the phrase so that it would be clear that this mechanism doesn't exist as of yet. But it's a proposal to establish one.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:51:36

Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-amendment?

What is the opinion of the mover of the main amendment? Olena?

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:51:48

The Committee is obviously in favour and I shall put the sub-amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed. I call for the result to be displayed.

The sub-amendment is agreed.

Now we come to the main Amendment 26 as sub-amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment as sub-amended?

The Committee agreed this amendment as sub-amended. I shall now put the amendment as sub-amended to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed. I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment 26 as sub-amended is agreed.

I understand that there is an oral sub-amendment proposed to Amendment 35. I call Ms Olena KHOMENKO to support Amendment 35.

Mme Olena KHOMENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:53:09

This amendment emphasises that the sanctions regime must remain in place until the Russian Federation fulfils its obligation to cease their intentionally wrongful acts and to remedy their consequences.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:53:23

Thank you, Elena.

I've been informed by the Committee of the following oral sub-amendment in Amendment 35. Remove "brutal".

In my opinion, the oral sub-amendment is in order under our rules. However, do 10 or more members object to the oral sub-amendment being debated?

That is not the case. I call Mr Eerik-Niiles KROSS to support the sub-amendment on behalf of the Committee.

M. Eerik-Niiles KROSS

Estonie, ADLE, Rapporteur

18:53:45

Yes.

It's not quite technical, but it's a small sub-amendment.

We want to remove the word "brutal" because we are against all violations of international law. Not just brutal violations.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:54:00

Does anyone wish to speak against the sub-amendment?

What is the opinion of the mover? Olena.

Mme Olena KHOMENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:54:10

Violations by the Russian Federation are brutal by default. So we can omit this word in the amendment.

I agree with the rapporteur.

Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:54:19

The Committee is obviously in favour of the sub-amendment.

I shall now put the sub-amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The rules are being followed, dear Pablo, don't worry.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

The sub-amendment is agreed.

Now we come to the main Amendment 35 as sub-amended. Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment as sub-amended?

No.

The Committee agreed that this amendment as sub-amended. I shall now put the amendment as sub-amended to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result.

Yes. Amendment 35 as sub-amended is agreed.

Dear colleagues, we shall now proceed to vote on the draft resolution as amended contained in Document 16193. A simple majority is required.

The vote is open now.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

The draft resolution in Document 16193 is adopted.

The Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy has presented a draft resolution to which 30 amendments have been tabled.

I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that all amendments to the draft resolution, except Amendment 10 be declared as definitely approved, as they were unanimously approved by the Committee. Amendments 15 and 11 were also unanimously approved by the Committee, but this will need to be taken separately, because if Amendment 15 is agreed, Amendment 11 falls. Is that so, Mr BOUYX? Yes.

Yes. I see that you said yes.

If no one objects, I will consider all amendments except Amendments 10, 15 and 11 to be approved.

Is there any objection? It is 10, 15 and 11.

Any objections?

No. All amendments to the draft resolution except Amendments 10, 15 and 11 are therefore approved and will not be called.

I understand that the Chairperson of the Committee wishes to propose to the Assembly that Amendment 10 to the draft resolution, which was rejected by the Committee with a two-thirds majority, be declared as definitely rejected. Is that so, Mr BOUYX?

M. Bertrand BOUYX

Président de la Commission des questions politiques et de la démocratie

18:57:35

That's right, Mister President.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:57:37

 Thank you, Bertrand.

If no one objects, I will consider the amendment to be rejected.

Is there any objection? Sophia, you have the floor. 

Mme Sophia CHIKIROU

France, GUE

18:57:46

I'm against it, Mister Chairman.

It's an amendment I've tabled and I'd like to defend it, because it's a very important amendment, aimed in particular at incorporating the idea of an exchange of political prisoners, as was the case on 1 August  2024, which led to the release of several thousand Russian political prisoners.

Today, for many Russian political prisoners, this is the only hope they have of regaining their freedom, and some are in mortal danger, I assure you, in the colonies.

And so I think it's very important that our Council, our Assembly, incorporates this amendment to give them hope, at least of being able to be exchanged and released.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:58:26

Okay. According to the rules, we need 10 members to stand up. So, to object. Meaning nine more to support what Sophia just said. 

You have to stand up, Sophia, first of all, you. You and those who object. Mr Pierre-Alain FRIDEZ, as I see. 

We need 10 – you need 10. 

Four, five. [The President speaks in Greek]. It's a Greek proverb. Six, seven.

So, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight. We need 10. 

So we don't have 10.

Amendment 10 to the draft resolution is therefore rejected and will not be called. You are very close, I have to say.

I call Ms Olena KHOMENKO to support Amendment 15. 30 seconds, Olena.

Mme Olena KHOMENKO

Ukraine, CEPA

18:59:32

 Dear Mr President, the paragraph speaks of itself. We have updated it. Thank you.

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

18:59:44

Does anyone wish to speak against the amendment?

What is the opinion of the Committee on the amendment?

M. Bertrand BOUYX

Président de la Commission des questions politiques et de la démocratie

18:59:54

The amendment was passed unanimously, Mr President. 

M. Theodoros ROUSOPOULOS

Grèce, PPE/DC, Président de l'Assemblée

19:00:03

OK, I shall now put the amendment to the vote.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

Amendment 15 is agreed.

As Amendment 15 has been agreed, Amendment 11 falls.

We will now proceed to the vote on the draft resolution as amended, contained in Document 16197, a simple majority is required.

The vote is open.

The vote is closed.

I call for the result to be displayed.

So, the draft resolution is unanimously adopted.

Dear colleagues, the Assembly will hold its next public sitting tomorrow at 10 a.m., with the Agenda approved on Monday and now earlier today.

The sitting is adjourned.

La séance est levée à 19h.