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Ouverture de la séance n°21

Séance des questions : M. Alain BERSET, Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:00:16

Thank you very much.

With that, we have to conclude our exchange with the Secretary General.

I want to thank you very much, on behalf of the Assembly, for the answers and information you shared with us.

And I also want to remind you that the ballot for the election of the Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe is still open until 12:00 p.m., just behind here at the podium.

And with that, we make a change and I hand over to my colleague, Ms Kadri TALI.

Débat d'actualité : Le fonctionnement du système judiciaire et la répression de l’opposition en Türkiye

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:01:28

Dear colleagues,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Dear guests,

The next item of business this morning is a current affairs debate with the title “Functioning of the judicial system and crackdown on the opposition in Türkiye”.

The debate will end at 12:00 p.m., so that we may hear an address by Ms Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Co-operation of Monaco and President of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. Speaking time is limited to 3 minutes for spokespersons for the political groups and 2 minutes for other members. The first speaker, chosen by the Bureau, is allowed 7 minutes.

In the debate, I call first Lord BLENCATHRA. You have 7 minutes and, if time allows, 3 minutes at the end to reply to the debate.

 

 

Lord David BLENCATHRA

Royaume-Uni, CEPA

11:02:23

Thank you, Madam President.

Chair,

Colleagues,

Ladies and gentlemen,

I speak to you today in partial despair about yet another development that strikes at the heart of democratic politics in Türkiye.

In late May this year, the Ankara appeals court chamber declared the main opposition party, the Republican People's Party's (CHP) November 2023 leadership contest void and ordered the replacement of the party's elected leadership with a former leader who was widely regarded as a complete failure.

But the court not only replaced the leadership, they cancelled every democratic decision the party made over the last two years. That judicial intervention was followed by a police operation at the CHP headquarters that forcibly removed the dismissed leadership from the building.

These events, colleagues, are not a narrow internal dispute. They are a seismic rupture in the normal functioning of party democracy.

Let's be clear what this means. Political parties are the vehicles through which citizens organise, contest ideas and hold power to account. When a court annuls the outcome of an internal party congress and effectively substitutes one leader for another, it does more than decide a legal question. It alters the balance of political competition and undermines the electorate's ability to choose.

The decision has fractured the main opposition, as it was no doubt intended to do. It provoked mass protests and deepened a climate of political polarisation at a moment when democratic resilience is most needed.

This Assembly and many international observers have long warned about the politicisation of justice in Türkiye. The removal of the CHP leadership is the clearest and most dramatic manifestation yet of that trend. It has been described by many as an absolute nullity crisis, a courtroom intervention that in effect rewrites the internal rules of a major political party. The immediate consequence is not only organisational chaos within the opposition; it is the destruction of the democratic contest that should define a free society.

Colleagues, this is not an abstract legal debate. The European Union and other international bodies have explicitly linked such judicial interventions to broader concerns about democratic backsliding in Türkiye. As one EU text put it, these developments have given rise to serious concerns about the protection of citizens' democratic choices. That phrase is not rhetorical. It signals that the international community sees the CHP leadership removal as a real indicator of the erosion of pluralism and the rule of law.

So what should our response be? First, we must demand that this interim judgement be set aside. The annulment of an internal party congress and the forced replacement of elected leaders that has the effect of changing the political landscape cannot be allowed to stand. Since political judges made the decision, then other political judges can reverse it.

Second, the right to assemble and organise political activity is a cornerstone of democratic life. Heavy-handed policing of party headquarters or peaceful demonstrations only deepens the crisis of confidence.

Third, we should press for the restoration of internal party autonomy. If administrative or court decisions from political judges have removed legitimate elected officials without any transparent legal basis, then the CHP must be permitted to hold another general meeting to elect their own leadership team, completely free of government and court interference.

Fourth, we must step up our calls for depoliticised judicial appointments, which will prevent the judiciary from being used as a political tool of the government. Where there have been large scale judicial appointments and dismissals, those processes must be reviewed to ensure they meet international standards of impartiality.

And fifth, we have to call on our own member governments to speak up and condemn this unprecedented attack on democracy. Whilst many international organisations have heavily criticised the decision, I cannot find a single government amongst our Council of Europe member states which has publicly condemned it.

I apologise if any one of your countries has, but I didn't see it. All countries seem to have taken the same line as my own in the United Kingdom: say nothing to offend Türkiye, since trade and NATO are more important than democratic rights.

Colleagues, the remedy here is not external imposition nor removing Türkiye from this Assembly. But we have to step up our calls for for the re-establishment of legitimate domestic institutions which can command public confidence once again in Türkiye.

That means depoliticising the judiciary, respecting the autonomy of political parties and guaranteeing the rights of assembly and expression. It also requires sustained engagement from all our member states to support monitoring, to encourage compliance with the obligations of the Council of Europe and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and to make clear that the erosion of democracy like this is unacceptable for a member of the Council of Europe.

Our governments need to cease their vows of silence on democratic backsliding in Türkiye.

In closing, let me return to the central point. The court removal of the CHP leadership is not a technicality; it is a turning point. How Türkiye responds in the coming weeks will determine whether democratic pluralism can be preserved or whether the country drifts further from the norms that underpin European democratic societies and the norms of this Assembly.

So this Assembly must speak plainly. We've got to act consistently and we must press for remedies that restore the democratic choices of people in Türkiye and remedies which protect political competition and rebuild trust in thoroughly damaged institutions in Türkiye. Thank you.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:08:14

Thank you.

And now, on behalf of political groups in the debate, I call first on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party, Mr Yuriy KAMELCHUK, please.

M. Yuriy KAMELCHUK

Ukraine, PPE/DC, Porte-parole du groupe

11:08:28

Dear President,

Dear colleagues,

Today, as we discuss the situation in Türkiye, we must look at the broader picture. Türkiye is not just our neighbour. It is a key strategic partner of the European Union and an incredibly important North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) ally.

During the most severe security crisis on the European continent, Türkiye is demonstrating true leadership. We highly value Ankara's unwavering support for Ukraine's territorial integrity and its vital role as a mediator in humanitarian issues, the release of prisoners of war and the return of Ukrainian children. These efforts save lives and deserve our deepest respect.

It is precisely because Türkiye is so important to us that the topic of our discussion today holds such great significance. A strong strategic partnership requires a frank dialogue based on a mutual respect.

The European People's Party has always stood for fundamental principles: the rule of law, an independent judiciary and political pluralism. We firmly believe that these elements are not a sign of state weakness. On the contrary, an independent justice system that protects the rights of all citizens and an open political environment where the voice of the opposition is respected, form the foundation of stability, economic prosperity and national resilience.

When the judicial system functions transparently and without political interference, it builds trust. Trust within society, trust from international partners and, equally important, the trust of foreign investors, which is critically necessary for economic development. We are not here to lecture but to say that those are the values and principles of the council of Europe that Türkiye has committed itself to fulfil. Our goal is to support Türkiye on its path of democratic development and also to say that in democracies the opposition controls the government. When we see what is happening to some members of the opposition, we need to rise our voice. We want Türkiye in the path of democracy not in the list of authoritarian regimes. Europe must remain open to a constructive dialogue with Ankara, seek common ground and work on strengthening our bilateral relations.

We believe in a strong, stable and democratic Türkiye. Because its success is the success of all of Europe and a guarantee of security in our region.

Thank you for your attention.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:11:10

Thank you.

And next speaker on behalf of the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates, Mr Alexander Van HATTEM, please.

M. Alexander Van HATTEM

Pays-Bas, CEPA, Porte-parole du groupe

11:11:18

Thank you, Chair.

And thanks for Lord David BLENCATHRA for his important and very clear remarks on this issue.

The functioning of the judicial system and the crackdown on the opposition in Türkiye: the second part of the title of this debate is a very clear description of the current situation in Türkiye. Unfortunately, the first part isn't. The judicial system isn't functioning. The courts are actually used for this crackdown on the opposition. The interfering of the court in the leadership of the opposition party is a next step in silencing the opposition by President Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN.

Interfering in oppositional parties, arresting and prosecuting oppositional politicians and mayors, these are not the standards of a democracy. These are not the values of this Council. The measures taken against the opposition candidate, the Mayor of Istanbul, Ekrem İMAMOĞLU, is just one of the examples. And this has been going on for years. Next month, on 15 July, it's already 10 years ago when the Erdoğan government made a big crackdown on the opposition, on judges, on civil servants and on teachers. President Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN made this a momentum to become even more authoritarian.

Türkiye has a very rich history, but why? Moving back to the time of brutal sultans, instead of embracing the path of a modern and democratic society, what happened to the legacy of Mr Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK in favour of a secular state with freedom and separation of church and state instead of more Islamism, violence to women and the crackdown on the opposition?

In this Parliamentarian Assembly, we should discuss these issues. Some delegations were expelled from this Assembly because of lack of democratic values in their countries. Before we reach such a point on Türkiye, we should discuss the current situation here instead. What steps could be taken to protest these unacceptable measurements of the Erdoğan government? What about the Committee of Ministers of this Council? Do they accept this unacceptable undemocratic behaviour? What about the values of this Council? Do we speak out and support the rights of the Turkish opposition?

This situation is completely unacceptable and we all should speak out about this.

Thank you very much, Sir.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:13:45

Thank you.

And now I call on behalf of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, Ms Rian VOGELS. Please have the floor.

Mme Rian VOGELS

Pays-Bas, ADLE, Porte-parole du groupe

11:13:57

Madam President,

Dear colleagues,

The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) thanks the Socialists for bringing this important matter before our Assembly, and we are glad to support this debate.

Allow me to start by considering the broader constitutional context. In 2017, Türkiye chose by referendum to move from a parliamentary to a presidential system. While that was a sovereign decision, it significantly altered the balance of power, concentrating executive authority in the hands of the president, including influence over judicial governance.

No institutional system is inherently flawed, but no system under any circumstances should be used, or perceived to be used, to sideline political opposition. The essence of democracy lies not in elections, but in fair competition. It is within this framework that recent developments must be assessed. When judicial processes concern leading opposition figures – especially those positioned to contest future elections –  it is not merely the individual case that matters, but the integrity of the system as a whole.

Recent developments surrounding the Mayor of Istanbul, Ekrem İMAMOĞLU, as well as the broader pattern affecting elected opposition representatives, raise serious and legitimate concerns. Each individual step may be presented as lawful, yet taken together, and in that timing, they create an appearance that judicial power is being used in a way that shapes the political playing field.

And colleagues, this goes to the heart of democratic trust. When the independence of the judiciary is in doubt, when pre-trial detention removes political actors from the democratic arena, and when elected representatives are replaced by appointed trustees, the balance between the powers of the state is called into question.

The Council of Europe stands precisely for safeguarding that balance. Democracy, rule of law and human rights – these commitments require more than formal adherence. They require visible, credible independence of institutions.

And in this spirit, the ALDE group calls for clear and concrete action. We call on the Turkish authorities to immediately release Ekrem İMAMOĞLU and to fully restore his political rights. We also reiterate the call of the European Court of Human Rights for the immediate release of Osman KAVALA. Court judgments are binding. Compliance is not optional. It's a legal obligation for all member states. And the same goes for other political opponents, such as Selahattin DEMIRTAŞ.

More broadly, we urge Türkiye to strengthen judicial independence and restore a genuine balance between the branches of power in line with its commitments under the European Convention of Human Rights. We also call on this Assembly to pursue its monitoring of Türkiye with full vigour and consistency. Our credibility depends on our willingness to act when our shared standards are at stake. And above all, we stand with the citizens of Türkiye, those who participate in elections, who believe in [speaker interrupted].

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:17:30

Thank you. I must interrupt you. I am sorry.

And the next speaker, on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left, Mr George LOUCAIDES, please.

M. George LOUCAIDES

Chypre, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe

11:17:40

Thank you, Madam Chair.

On behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left, I wish to express our deep concern regarding the continuing deterioration of democracy, the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary in Türkiye.

The facts, dear colleagues, are very well known. Türkiye remains the only member state of the Council of Europe that was returned from post-monitoring to a full-monitoring procedure, reflecting the profound democratic regression that has accelerated since 2016.

The imprisonment of elected representatives, the removal of opposition mayors and their replacement by government appointed trustees, restrictions on freedom of expression and media pluralism, increasing pressure on journalists, lawyers, academics and civil society, and the persistent failure to implement binding judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, including those concerning Selahattin DEMIRTAŞ and Osman KAVALA, are incompatible with the obligations arising from Council of Europe membership.

The recent developments targeting the main opposition party, CHP, as well as other opposition forces, including judicial actions against opposition leaders, elected officials and mayors, further illustrate a systematic pattern of judicial actions against political opponents and confirm the continuing politicisation of the judiciary and the erosion of judicial independence.

Dear colleagues, at the same time, we have to recognise a potentially historic opportunity emerging from the ongoing peace process concerning the Kurdish issue. Following our recent visit to Ankara and Diyarbakır, we call on the Turkish authorities to move without delay towards a legislative framework supporting the peace process, regulating disarmament and guaranteeing legal certainty and fundamental rights, while addressing the Council of Europe's long-standing concerns regarding the implementation of European Court of Human Rights Judgments related to Mr Abdullah ÖCALAN, including the principle of the right to hope.

Dear colleagues, a more democratic Türkiye would benefit all its citizens and contribute to regional stability. Progress in the Kurdish peace process could also help create a more favourable political climate for renewed efforts towards a just and viable settlement on the Cyprus problem, in accordance, always, with United Nations resolutions and international law.

Thank you.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:20:31

Thank you.

And on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, Mr Frank SCHWABE. Please.

M. Frank SCHWABE

Allemagne, SOC, Porte-parole du groupe

11:20:39

Madam President,

Dear colleagues,

That we see a deterioration of human rights, of democracy and rule of law in Türkiye, this is nothing new, but what we see now is a very dramatic development in the last months and years.

And for sure those ones who underline the geopolitical role of Türkiye are right and we welcome this geopolitical role and we should work together. But this organisation is about the situation in Türkiye. It's about democracy, the rule of law and the human rights situation there.

And for sure you mention again the non-implementation of the judgements of the European Court of Human Rights. This is our highest power regarding what we can have and what we can do. This is the heart of this organisation, and there has to be an implementation of the judgements in the case of Mr Osman KAVALA, Mr Selahattin DEMİRTAŞ and others.

What we see now is a really organised attack on the main opposition party, the Republican People's Party (CHP), who is ruling and leading in all of the polls. We see a removal from office, indictment and imprisonment of the elected mayor of Istanbul, Mr Ekrem İMAMOĞLU, with fabricated charges.

And this happened to dozens and hundreds of others elected politicians. And we cannot always see all of them. And what we witness now is a direct attack on the CHP as a whole through the replacement of the Chairperson, Mr Özgür ÖZEL, and the full power and financial resources given to the political puppet, Mr Kemal KILIÇDAROĞLU.

As a member of the social democratic family, I really want to say,  Mr Kemal KILIÇDAROĞLU, what on earth possessed you to take this historic guilt upon yourself and tarnish your name?

The one who organised the terrible work of President Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN is the Minister of Justice, Mr Akin GÜRLEK. First he was Chief Public Prosecutor of Istanbul and he acted against Mr Ekrem İMAMOĞLU. Now, he directly acts against the whole CHP and Chairperson Mr Özgür ÖZEL.

I would welcome the discussions around the Minister of Justice in the European Union and the call from the European Parliament to consider restrictive measures under the EU global human rights sanctions regime against Mr Akin GÜRLEK and all other officials responsible for the blatant abuse of the rule of law.

And why are we doing this? Well, sometimes people ask me, why are you criticising Türkiye? Because Türkiye asked to be criticised. It is not just our right to criticise the situation in all our member countries: it is our obligation. We have to do this, colleagues, because we want Türkiye as a member of this organisation, as part of the family, but respecting democracy, human rights and the rule of law, for the good of the people in Türkiye. Thank you very much.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:23:42

Thank you.

And we continue with the speakers. Please note that you have 2 minutes in the debate.

I call next Ms Aysu BANKOĞLU, please.

Mme Aysu BANKOĞLU

Türkiye, SOC

11:23:56

Thank you, Madam Chair.

Dear colleagues,

What we are witnessing in Türkiye today raises serious questions regarding the use of judicial processes in the political sphere. The main opposition party, its leadership and many of our elected representatives are facing an unprecedented and unacceptable level of legal and administrative pressure.

This situation has generated growing concerns, both domestically and internationally, about the health of democratic institutions and the separation of powers.

The case of Istanbul’s elected mayor, Mr Ekrem İMAMOĞLU, has become a particularly significant example. The extensive indictments, the reliance on secret witnesses and changes in judicial assignments have all prompted legitimate debate regarding due process and judicial impartiality. The annulment of his university degree decades after graduation has raised further concerns about legal certainty and political fairness.

However, this discussion is not about a single individual or a single political party. At stake are the fundamental democratic principles: the right to vote and to stand for election and public confidence in the impartial administration of justice.

Recent discussions within the European Parliament and ongoing proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights reflect the seriousness of these developments. Questions have been raised as to whether certain judicial measures have broader implications for political competition and democratic participation.

Dear colleagues,

Democracy is strongest when political differences are resolved through free and fair elections, not through perceptions of selective justice. The rule of law requires not only that justice be done, but that it be seen to be done.

This is a matter that concerns the democratic values, legal standards, and commitments that unite the member states of this Assembly. And our shared responsibility is to ensure that democratic competition remains free, fair and fully... [interrupted]

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:26:04

Sorry. Thank you.

And the next speaker, Ms Carmen LEYTE.

Mme Carmen LEYTE

Espagne, PPE/DC

11:26:12

Thank you, Madam President. 

Distinguished colleagues, 

I'd like to begin by recalling that Türkiye is an historic member of the Council of Europe and an essential partner for regional stability. And it is precisely because of this long-standing relationship that our discussions should be based on mutual respect and co-operation, and a willingness to strengthen the values we share. And in this context, I'm troubled by some recent dynamics, which affect the functioning of the judiciary and the room to operate of the democratic opposition in that country. 

Judicial independence is a fundamental pillar of any democracy. And when doubts emerge regarding whether it is being fully guaranteed, it is our responsibility to address them with serenity, rigour and a constructive spirit.

Judicial decisions which have an impact on the internal life of political parties, as well as procedures that affect locally elected officers, generate a concern for Turkish citizens themselves as well. 

It is not just a matter of questioning the legitimacy of Türkiye's institutions but ensuring that judicial actions are perceived as impartial, predictable and fully aligned with European standards.

As a member of the People's Party, I firmly believe that dialogue is the most effective tool for making headway, and therefore, I propose strengthening co-operation between Türkiye and the specialised bodies of the Council of Europe, especially the Venice Commission and Group of States against Corruption (GRECO), through a voluntary monitoring mechanism, focusing on judicial independence, protection of the elected office and procedural transparency. This mechanism would not be punitive in nature, but would provide technical support, geared to strengthening institutional confidence.

Colleagues,

The defence of the rule of law should not be construed as criticism, but as a commitment to stability, legal certainty and democratic quality.

I am convinced that Türkiye, as a strategic partner and member of this organisation, may benefit from a closer dialogue and strengthened co-operation. 

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:28:22

Thank you.

And the next speaker please, Mr Mehmet AKALIN.

M. Mehmet AKALIN

Türkiye, ADLE

11:28:29

Madam Chair,

Dear colleagues,

The strength of any democracy rests upon the independence of its judiciary system, the vitality of its political opposition and the ability of citizens to express their views freely and without fear. Recent developments in Türkiye have given rise to serious concerns regarding the functioning of the judicial system, the prosecution of opposition figures, restrictions on the freedom of expression and the shrinking space for democratic debate.

These concerns should not be viewed as a challenge to the Turkish nation or its democratic tradition. On the contrary, Türkiye has a long parliamentary history and a vibrant society that has repeatedly demonstrated its commitment to democracy and the rule of law.

However, the concentration of power in a highly centralised presidential system, taken on board since 2017 in Türkiye, has weakened the institutional cheques and balances. No democracy should depend excessively on the authority of a single individual. Strong democracies are built on strong institutions, an independent judiciary, a free press and an effective parliament capable of holding the executive power accountable.

A return back to a strengthened parliamentary system in Türkiye, based on the separation of powers and genuine political pluralism would help restore confidence in democratic institutions and reinforce judicial independence. It will reaffirm that sovereignty belongs not to the office, but to the nation as a whole, exercised through institutions that are transparent, accountable and subject to the rule of law, ensuring the voices of all citizens are represented.

Our common objective should not be division, but the strengthening of democratic institutions for the benefit of all Turkish people, democracy and the rule of law in Türkiye.

Thank you.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:30:39

Thank you.

And the next speaker, Mr Nicos TORNARITIS, please.

M. Nicos TORNARITIS

Chypre, PPE/DC

11:30:48

Madam President,

Dear colleagues,

The continued pressure on the opposition in Türkiye and the growing concerns regarding the independence of the judiciary are developments that should concern all of us.

Democracy is not only about elections. It is about the rule of law, political pluralism, freedom of expression and independent institutions.

These issues are also relevant to Cyprus. A country that seeks to play a constructive role in efforts to resolve the Cyprus problem must demonstrate, through actions, its commitment to democratic principles, international law and its obligations under the Council of Europe.

The credibility of any democratic state is measured not by words, but by deeds.

Thank you all.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:32:12

Thank you.

And the next speaker, Mr Fabian MOLINA.

M. Fabian MOLINA

Suisse, SOC

11:32:17

Thank you, Madame Chair,

Dear colleagues,

The functioning of the judicial system in Türkiye cannot be separated from the crackdown on the opposition and the erosion of democratic safeguards.

What is particularly alarming is the systematic non-implementation of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. A member state of the Council of Europe cannot choose which binding judgments it respects and which it ignores. If judgments are not implemented, the rule of law becomes an empty promise.

We are also witnessing continued repression of political pluralism. Democracy requires a real opposition, free, independent and able to act without intimidation. Özgür ÖZEL must be able to exercise his office freely and fully. An opposition, whose leader is effectively chosen by the government, is not a real opposition.

For many years, the Kurdish people in Türkiye have experienced the consequences of the erosion of the rule of law, and this is directly linked to the question of democratic security and stability in the country as a whole. There can be no democratic stability in Türkiye without a credible peace process with the Kurds, based on dialogue, equal rights and peaceful democratic inclusion. And this, too, is about the judicial system.

As the European Parliament underlined last week, restrictive measures against those responsible for serious human rights violations  in Türkiye could and should be a legitimate step to help uphold the rule of law.

Because democracy, human rights and the rule of law belong together. If one is attacked, the others are weakened as well. We must defend all of them, always.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:34:15

Thank you.

And the next speaker, Ms Gökçe GÖKÇEN. Please have the floor.

Mme Gökçe GÖKÇEN

Türkiye, SOC

11:34:21

Dear Colleagues,

Last month, the police entered the Republican People's Party (CHP) headquarters. Doors were broken down. People inside were exposed to tear gas. Then nine of our MPs were expelled from the party. Leaders of our local organisations, youth and women organisations, were removed from office. We hear that politicians from Mr Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN’s party are telling you that this is an internal party matter.

Colleagues,

Let’s talk about the facts. One month before the ruling, Mr Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN said: "Türkiye will soon have the main opposition that it deserves." One month later, not one, not two, but the last four CHP congresses were annulled. Coincidence? Of course not. Minutes after the ruling, the Minister of Justice, Mr Akın GÜRLEK, shared his satisfaction with the decision. That same Minister of Justice is the former Chief Prosecutor of Istanbul who was responsible for the imprisonment of Mr Ekrem İMAMOĞLU. 10 days ago, he relocated nearly 5 000 judges and prosecutors.

Now, they are preparing investigation files for members of parliament. The facts are that clear. What is being done today is worse than closure of a party. Because they want the party to continue to exist in form: its logo, its buildings, its bank accounts, buses and social media profiles. But in reality, they do not want it to differ from the government on any substantial issue.

In other words, they want it to behave like an opposition party without actually being one. They don’t want it to be able to defeat Mr Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN in an election again, as it did two years ago. The plan is that simple. But they did not anticipate one thing. We , as CHP’s members of parliament, mayors, supporters and huge crowds in cities and villages stand firmly behind our elected leader, Mr Özgür ÖZEL.

Thank you.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:36:15

Thank you.

And next, I call Mr Vasileios-Nikolaos YPSILANTIS, please.

M. Vasileios-Nikolaos YPSILANTIS

Grèce, PPE/DC

11:36:24

Thank you very much.

Madam Chair, ladies and gentlemen, 

Today's discussion on the way the judiciary functions and the suppression that exists in Türkiye goes hand in hand with the respect for the very fundamental values upon which the Council of Europe was built: democracy, rule of law, and the protection of human rights.

Unfortunately, in Türkiye right now, the opposition is confronting this repression and elected officials, public officials, are confronting situations where their very fundamental values are being violated. Individual rights are being trampled upon. The judiciary is being suppressed. A situation which is wonderfully depicted in the report, but also in reports from the European Parliament for 2025.

At the same time, we have the issues that have to be dealt with here, right here, in the Council of Europe. Of course a country cannot make reference to these fundamental values of the Council of Europe, but at the same time violate those values. At the same time, Türkiye is doing the same thing at the international level with its Blue Homeland policy, which completely changes the way that the systems that have been established by international law with internal laws which are a total perversion.

And the same thing is taking place with Cyprus as well. The Council of Europe was established in order to reject these particular new forms of "logic". And that's why respect for democracy, respect for human rights, respect for our fundamental values, this is absolutely key, and this is what is clearly emphasised in this report. 

Thank you very much. 

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:38:36

Thank you.

And the next speaker, I call Ms Meryem GÖKA, please.

Mme Meryem GÖKA

Türkiye, NI

11:38:41

Thank you, dear President and colleagues,

As a founding member of the Council of Europe, Türkiye remains committed to the principles of democracy, pluralism and the rule of law, but we are sick and tired of seeing Türkiye repeatedly judged through the same biased and one-sided narratives.

Once again, Türkiye is being viewed through a remarkably narrow lens. As parliamentarians, it's not our responsibility to pass judgment on cases before the courts or to internationalise the internal disputes of a political party when credible claims are brought before the courts. It is for independent judicial authorities, institutions – not politicians – to apply the law.

Let me ask, in any country governed by the rule of law, what should happen when serious allegations are formally submitted to judicial authorities? When complaints are filed, testimony is provided, and evidence is presented? Should prosecutors ignore such allegations because the individuals concerned hold public office or belong to a particular political party? If similar claims arose in Berlin, Brussels, Paris, wherever, the expectation would be simple that the authorities investigate them, as we have recently seen in France and elsewhere in Europe.

Too often, developments in Türkiye are reduced to a simplistic government versus opposition narrative, while the broader context is overlooked. What concerns us is that judicial proceedings involving opposition figures are often labelled as political before the allegations themselves are even examined.

To those observing these developments from outside Türkiye, it is important to remember the claims came directly from within the opposition itself, through complaints and testimonies provided by its own members. What is celebrated elsewhere as justice is too often portrayed as authoritarianism when it comes to Türkiye, and such double standards are disappointing. Yet reducing Türkiye to these narratives means overlooking the challenges that truly matter.

As a key NATO ally, we believe [speaker interrupted].

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:40:49

Thank you.

Dear colleagues,

Before we continue with the speakers, may I kindly remind you that the ballot for the elections for the Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe is still open and the vote closes at 12 p.m.

And the next speaker, I call Ms Saskia KLUIT, please.

Mme Saskia KLUIT

Pays-Bas, SOC

11:41:14

Thank you very much, Chair.

I live in a community of normal working people, many from Turkish descent. And about approximately twice a year the Turkish flags are raised in my street. And I enjoy living in what we call Little Ankara or Little Gaziantep. The Turkish flags arise when we have a soccer championship, like now, and then we cheer or mourn which way it goes in the championship. And the other time is when there are elections in Türkiye.

Many of my neighbours support President Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN and I am, as you know, a woke green Social Democrat, and one might see many topics that we disagree upon. Yet we always talked about building a home for Türkiye in the European Union. And now I am worried when I see the flags raised in election times, because I worry about what it will mean for so many people in Türkiye.

The growing attacks on civil society, the growing attacks on my party family – the Republican People's Party (CHP) – is extremely worrisome and not in line with our democratic values, I am sorry to say. The competing candidate, Mr Ekrem İMAMOĞLU, is imprisoned and the credentials that are indispensable for his candidacy are taken away. A political party is overtaken by court orders. The concept of political prisoners is a reality and growing. And when the European Parliament feels the need to start calling for sanctions on cabinet members, this goes very far from the future I dream of for Türkiye.

I believe in a strong and free democracy for any people and because I see Türkiye as a future part of the European Union. But I feel very hesitant to continue that plea with the developments that are described in the report, when my political friends and colleagues are being under constant attack. Because what would that mean for the European Union? It would mean weakening democracy for us all. Yet I continue to believe that the heart of the Turkish people on all sides of this aisle is with the European family. So my plea to the ruling party is follow the report, show clear support of the values.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:43:24

Thank you.

And for the next speaker, I call Ms Christiana EROTOKRITOU.

Thank you.

Mme Christiana EROTOKRITOU

Chypre, SOC

11:43:32

Madam Speaker.

Dear colleagues,

We're here once again stating the obvious – stating what should be an undisputable obligation for all of us, the strict observance of the rule of law, of democracy, respect and implementation of all European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) decisions by all states that wish to be members of this esteemed organisation.

And yet here we are, time and time again, reminding the world that Mr Selahattin DEMIRTAŞ is still in jail, that Mr Osman KAVALA is still in jail, that Yuksel YALÇINKAYA, a teacher, is still in jail. All are named objects of both ECHR decisions and of this Chamber's resolutions calling for their immediate release.

They all have one thing in common. In all three, the European Court of Human Rights decided and adjudged that they should be immediately released. And in all three cases, the ECHR found serious, ongoing breaches of statutory obligations by Türkiye.

Just last week, the European Parliament, in its report on Türkiye, noted that the democratic backsliding of the country was so severe that it made the resumption of accession talks impossible. Actually, the European Parliament Rapporteur, in highlighting this severe democratic backsliding, made special reference to Mr Selahattin DEMIRTAŞ and Mr Osman KAVALA.

And here we are, dear colleagues, debating whether we, the defenders of democracy, of human rights and the rule of law, will do something more than just urge Türkiye to implement ECHR decisions in a well-penned-out resolution. Or will we stand firm on our common values and demand from all member states the absolute honouring of all ECHR decisions, for which respect is not optional?

Those who believe it is should face the consequences, which, in the case of Türkiye, can only be the initiation of a complementary joint procedure. It is the only way to uphold and protect the authority of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as the integrity of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Thank you.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:45:34

Thank you.

And the next speaker, Mr Yunus EMRE, please.

M. Yunus EMRE

Türkiye, SOC

11:45:40

Madam President.

Dear colleagues,

I take the floor today not only as a member of the Turkish opposition, but also as a representative of citizens who continue to believe, with great determination, in democracy, the rule of law and the universal values that this Assembly was created to defend.

In recent months, we have witnessed developments of the gravest political significance. The most recent example is the politically motivated use of the judiciary against my party, the Republican People's Party (CHP). The annulment of our party congress, the removal of our elected leadership and the appointment of a new administration through judicial means cannot be regarded as an ordinary legal dispute.

This is not merely an internal matter of party politics. The real question is much broader and much more serious. Can an opposition party remain a real opposition if its elected leadership can be removed by politically influenced judicial decisions? And if the main opposition is no longer allowed to function freely, can we still speak of a meaningful democratic competition?

Democracy requires a real possibility of political change. It requires that citizens can choose freely between real alternatives. It requires that opposition parties can organise, compete and represent the will of their voters without intimidation and interference.

The citizens of Türkiye demand democracy. They have shown this will many times with courage and dignity. They want a country governed by law, not by arbitrary power. They want justice, freedom and respect for their democratic choices. We are honoured to be part of this struggle. As a result of a politically motivated court decision, our offices, our buildings, our buses, our means of communication, and even our social media accounts may be seized from us, but these are not the sources of our strength. Our strength comes from the democratic will of [speaker interrupted].

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:47:49

Thank you. Thank you. And the next speaker is Ms Azadeh ROJHAN, please.

Mme Azadeh ROJHAN

Suède, SOC

11:47:58

Dear colleagues,

Türkiye's democratic backsliding is not new. What is new is the scale and the confidence with which the instruments of the states are now used against democratic oppositions.

Courts, prosecutors and criminal law should protect democracy. In Türkiye, they are increasingly used to narrow it. Political opponents are no longer only met through democratic competition. They are investigated, detained, removed from office, prosecuted and kept under the constant threat of imprisonment.

The case of Mayor Ekrem İMAMOĞLU has become a symbol of a wider concern. A leading opposition figure, a twice-elected Mayor of Istanbul and a possible presidential challenger is being pushed out of political competition through the judiciary. And he is not alone. Opposition mayors, party officials, Kurdish politicians and many more have all faced similar patterns. The charges may differ, but the pattern is familiar.

This is how crackdown on the opposition is carried out in modern authoritarian systems, not through openly political charges, but through ordinary criminal law used in extraordinary and selective ways.

This Assembly must therefore be clear. Türkiye is a member of the Council of Europe. Membership means obligations, fair trials, judicial independence, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and respect for the judgements of the European Court of Human Rights.

We must continue to demand the release of Mr Osman KAVALA, Mr Selahattin DEMİRTAŞ, Mr Ekrem İMAMOĞLU and all political prisoners. Democratic competition belongs at the ballot box, not in prison cells.

Defending political prisoners in Türkiye is not taking sides in Turkish politics. It is taking sides for democracy, the rule of law and the value of this organisation. Thank you.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:50:04

Thank you.

And the next speaker, Ms Sevilay ÇELENK, please.

Mme Sevilay ÇELENK

Türkiye, GUE

11:50:10

Dear colleagues,

What we are witnessing in Türkiye cannot be described as an ordinary judicial matter, as the ruling party claims. It is a judicial coup against the Republican People's Party (CHP). It's a systematic use of the courts as instruments of political power to reshape the democratic landscape and further suppress the opposition.

The absence of judicial independence is demonstrated by the non-implementation of the European Court of Human Rights' judgments, the disregard of constitutional court rulings and politically motivated persecutions against elected politicians, journalists and civil society actors. We have seen this pattern in the removal of elected Kurdish mayors and their replacement by government trustees and in major political trials such as Kobani and Gezi, based on contested evidence and secret witnesses.

What is now unfolding with the CHP is a continuation of a broader model of lawfare against the opposition. This is also a matter of selective compliance with legal obligations. Judicial decisions, together with binding international standards, such as the United Nations Nelson Mandela Rules and the principle of the right to hope, are recognised by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and considered implementable to Mr Abdullah ÖCALAN should be taken seriously both within the domestic legal order and by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe.

Türkiye must end the instrumentalisation of the judiciary. Here in this Assembly, we should call things by their name and stand clearly for judicial independence, democracy and peace.

Thank you.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:52:10

Thank you.

And now, Mr Max LUCKS. Please have the floor.

M. Max LUCKS

Allemagne, SOC

11:52:21

Thank you, Ms President.

Dear colleagues,

I am very grateful for the analysis here, we share and we are very clear with, and I also thank the rapporteur for his opening remarks.

But I miss one important point in our discussion. I miss the point what the result of our analysis is. And I think that we also have to change the foreign policy of our own national governments towards Türkiye. Because I have the impression that sometimes our national governments mistake what politeness and diplomacy means. They mistake that they assume that politeness and diplomacy means to just be silent on critical questions.

But I think the opposite is the truth. And I can tell you, in the week where the court decided to crack down on the opposition party Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi), the Turkish foreign minister visited my foreign minister here in Germany, and my foreign minister in Germany, just a few days before the court decision took place, found no critical word, openly and honestly, about the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.

So, colleagues, let's change also the policy of our national governments. Of course we want to keep Türkiye here. We love Türkiye as a European country and we want to expand relations. But if we want to see that our relations expand, we have to make sure at home that our national governments act clearly and loudly towards human rights violations in Türkiye.

And let me add one thing, I'm so grateful for our colleagues here from Türkiye, especially from the different democratic oppositional parties. We will not let you down. We will stand by your side, and we will make sure that we will meet here again in Strasbourg in better times, where we will see that our relations between Türkiye and the European Union will expand again.

Thank you.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:54:28

Thank you.

And the next speaker is Ms Seda GÖREN.

Please.

Mme Seda GÖREN

Türkiye, NI

11:54:31

Thank you, Madam Chair,

Dear colleagues,

I would like to reiterate a fundamental principle to which we are all committed: respect for the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary.

The developments concerning Türkiye that have recently been mentioned are currently the subject of ongoing legal proceedings. In a state governed by the rule of law, it is for the competent courts, and not for political leaders, to establish the facts, examine the evidence and deliver their judgements in accordance with the law.

It should also be emphasised that the proceedings in question were not initiated by the government. They stem from complaints and allegations made by members and former leaders of the main opposition party. The police officers who were reportedly dispatched to the party’s headquarters were called in directly by the leaders of the Republican People’s Party (CHP) themselves. The debates concerning the CHP Congress and the legal consequences that may arise from it therefore relate primarily to the internal workings of that party.

This is neither a dispute between the government and the opposition, nor a challenge to democratic pluralism. The issues raised essentially concern compliance with the party’s internal procedures. As in any state governed by the rule of law, it is for the courts to rule on any alleged irregularities.

In this context, it is essential that everyone exercises restraint and respects the course of the judicial proceedings. A legal matter should not be turned into a broader political confrontation, nor should it give rise to premature conclusions.

Respect for the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law must remain our shared guiding principle.

Türkiye remains committed to its international obligations, to the functioning of its democratic institutions and to respect for fundamental safeguards. We must allow the judiciary to carry out its work in accordance with the procedures laid down by law, and we must cease to stigmatise a minister from a member state of our Council.

Thank you very much.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:56:32

Thank you.

And the last speaker, I invite Mr Piero FASSINO, please. It seems he's not here.

So the next speaker is Ms Marietta KARAMANLI.

Oh, no. Yes. Okay. Mr Piero FASSINO, please.

M. Piero FASSINO

Italie, SOC

11:56:59

Thank you, I speak Italian.

I believe we are all deeply concerned by what has been happening in Türkiye over recent weeks.

Türkiye is a great country; we are well aware of the important contribution it makes to the work of the Council of Europe, but at the same time we cannot remain silent in the face of events that cause us concern and which constitute a violation of those fundamental rights that form the basis of our Council.

In particular, the measures taken against mayors and against the leaders of the Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi) party. The constant attempt to undermine the Turkish opposition’s ability to carry out its activities and fulfil its role is a matter which, clearly, causes us concern and which we have a duty to denounce.

I therefore believe that from this forum – which is, after all, the seat of the Council of Europe, where fundamental rights, both human rights and democratic standards, which must govern the life of a country, are defended – we must call on the Turkish authorities to abandon the positions they have taken so far and ensure that political life in Türkiye continues to be characterised by the utmost transparency, effectiveness and respect for the rule of law, starting with allowing opposition parties to carry out their activities, and for mayors to be able to continue their work, and to cease the persecution of those who are not considered allies of the government.

For these reasons, I believe we must take a very clear stance on these issues.

Thank you.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

11:59:04

Thank you. I'm very sorry to say, but I must now interrupt the list of speakers.

The speeches of the members of the speakers list who have been present during the debate but have not been able to speak may be given to the Table Office for publication in their official report.

Speeches must not exceed 400 words. I remind colleagues that the typewritten text can be submitted electronically if possible, no later than 4 hours after the list of speakers is interrupted. Thank you.

And I call now Lord David BLENCATHRA to reply. You have 3 minutes.

Lord David BLENCATHRA

Royaume-Uni, CEPA

11:59:38

Madam President.

In this Assembly, we usually have many different and divergent views, but we are certainly at our strongest when we are united.

I thank all the 20 colleagues who spoke with almost one voice this morning, including our esteemed colleagues from Türkiye, with just two exceptions, all condemning this unprecedented attack on democracy.

Just after I took up my monitoring post, I said that one of the problems of reporting on Türkiye is that every year there's a new democratic or human rights outrage, which distracts our attention away from the last outrage. As with all things in Türkiye in recent years, it's one step forward and two steps back. We had a great step forward with the peace process, but then we had the political arrest of Mr Ekrem İMAMOĞLU, the Mayor of Istanbul, and 23 other mayors. And most commentators believe that his arrest is bogus to prevent him from running against the president.

And this latest judgement by a politically appointed court to remove the leadership of Türkiye's main opposition party is the most serious assault on democracy we have yet seen. A court with no jurisdiction over party election matters simply erased the result of a democratic congress and installed a leader widely viewed as compliant and ineffective, someone the government clearly preferred because he posed no political challenge to them.

Colleagues, that's not law; it's political engineering carried out through the judiciary. When a court claiming independence overturns an internal party election and replaces the chosen leader with one more favourable to the government, then a fundamental line has been crossed. This is not an internal party quarrel. It's an institutional seizure that strikes at the autonomy of political parties: the right of citizens to choose their representatives and the integrity of democratic competition itself.

And it does not stand alone. We've got the trustee appointments replacing elected mayors, the removal of opposition officials, the politicisation of prosecutors and judges, and now the judicial ousting of an opposition leader, and that forms a clear pattern. Together, they amount to a systematic narrowing of democratic space, a deliberate constriction of political pluralism in Türkiye.

Colleagues, never in the history of Western democracy, since the last World War, has a court interfered in the internal workings of a major political party to remove its leadership and replace it with one more favourable to the government.

Colleagues, I've got a really soft spot for Türkiye. The land that is Türkiye possesses a magnificent history spanning millennia, evolving from those monumental structures of Göbeklitepe of 10 000 years BC and the ancient cities of Troy and Ephesus into the secular, forward-looking democratic republic forged by that great Turkish leader, Mr Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK. It is a profound tragedy that the visionary democratic foundations laid for this historic nation are now under serious threat of erosion and regression.

Colleagues, I conclude we owe Türkiye. We owe Türkiye and the millions of its citizens who still believe in pluralism, the rule of law and democratic contestation. We owe them nothing less than our full attention, our clear voice, and our full support for human and democratic rights and the rule of law.

Thank you.

Mme Kadri TALI

Estonie, ADLE, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:02:50

Thank you, Lord David BLENCATHRA.

The debate is closed.

May I remind you that at the end of a current affairs debate, the Assembly is not asked to decide upon a text, but the matter may be referred by the Bureau to the responsible committee for a report.

Discours : Mme Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ, Conseiller de Gouvernement - Ministre des Relations extérieures et de la Coopération de Monaco, Présidente du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:04:10

Dear colleagues,

The ballot for the election of the Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe is now closed and the tellers can start to tell.

We will now hear an address by Ms Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Monaco, the President of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe.

Madam President, after the very warm welcome that we received in Monaco for the meeting of the Bureau and of the Standing Committee in May, in turn, we now have the pleasure to welcome you in Strasbourg in our Hemicycle. We look forward to the presentation of the Monegasque presidency, as well as of the exchange of views with our Assembly members afterwards.

Dear Madam President, it is my honour to give you the floor.

Mme Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ

Conseiller de Gouvernement - Ministre des Relations extérieures et de la Coopération de Monaco, Présidente du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe

12:05:26

Madam President of the Parliamentary Assembly,

Mr Secretary General of the Council of Europe,

Madam Secretary General of the Parliamentary Assembly,

Your Excellencies,

Honourable Members of Parliament,

Ladies and Gentlemen in your respective capacities,

I am very pleased and honoured to address you for the first time in my capacity as Chair of the Committee of Ministers. This historic responsibility for my country comes at a pivotal moment for Europe.

In many respects, the ideals of peace, the values and the foundations of our organisation are under threat, both globally and even within Europe. Faced with the hybrid challenges it is confronting, our continent must respond with what makes it unique: the rule of law and democratic vitality.

The three pillars of the Council of Europe define our framework for action and embody our aspirations. As Chair of the Committee of Ministers, allow me to reaffirm here their central importance. For the defence of human rights, respect for the rule of law, and the proper functioning of democratic institutions constitute not only a legal requirement for member states, but also a political and moral responsibility towards our fellow citizens, and an essential condition for the stability of our continent.

At a time when the role of the law is being called into question and common rules are tending to erode, the work of the Council of Europe, through its statutory bodies, its conventions and its committees of experts, appears more essential than ever to preserve the foundation of values that unites us.

Ladies and gentlemen,

The 135th Ministerial Session of the Committee of Ministers, held in Chișinău on 15 May, enabled significant progress to be made on several issues of central importance to our common future.

Firstly, regarding Ukraine, the war of aggression waged by the Russian Federation is not merely directed against a country – to which we reaffirm our full support – nor against a population – to whom we express our unwavering solidarity in the face of their suffering. It also constitutes a direct attack on our values.

Since February 2022, the Committee of Ministers has been tirelessly defending Ukraine’s independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Two millennia ago, Cicero was already expressing a vision that remains highly relevant today: peace without justice is merely a truce. We therefore affirm that a just and lasting peace must be based on accountability for the crimes committed. A state must not be allowed to wage a large-scale war of aggression against its neighbour with impunity, leaving a country ravaged, families torn apart and international law flouted.

Through the mechanisms it has developed, the Council of Europe has demonstrated that it is the only international organisation capable of taking concrete action to secure justice and redress for Ukraine. In Chişinău, 36 countries and the European Union adopted the resolution establishing the Enlarged Partial Agreement on the Steering Committee of the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine. This development is to be welcomed and marks a new stage in the construction of the comprehensive accountability framework established for Ukraine, which now comprises: the Register of Damages, which is now fully operational, with over 150,000 claims already filed; and the Convention establishing an International Claims Commission for Ukraine, signed by 39 states and the European Union. Six states, as well as the European Union, have already ratified it. In this regard, I would like to welcome Norway’s very recent ratification.

Let us not forget that behind every claim lie shattered lives, men and women scarred for life, young people deprived of prospects, and children from whom the war has stolen their carefree childhood. Beyond the mechanisms of justice and compensation, the Committee of Ministers is committed to Ukraine’s long-term future, in particular through the ‘Resilience, Recovery and Reconstruction 2023–2026’ action plan.

But modern wars are not fought solely with weapons. They are also waged through the narratives, images and information that shape our perceptions.

As Mr George ORWELL said: “In a world of lies, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act.”

Campaigns to manipulate information and foreign interference thus seek to influence our public debates, sow doubt within our institutions and weaken the cohesion of our democracies. This threat, though less visible, is no less real, and calls for a clear-sighted and collective response. In this regard, on 17 June, the Ministers’ Delegates adopted a decision inviting the Secretary-General to prepare draft terms of reference for a future intergovernmental committee dedicated to this issue. By the end of last week, the Group of Rapporteurs on Legal Co-operation (GR-J) had begun examining these draft terms of reference, demonstrating the Member States’ commitment to taking this work forward. In particular, in order to curb these phenomena, it is essential to ensure reliable access to information, to strengthen media literacy, to foster critical thinking and to support democratic engagement.

To tackle contemporary forms of crime, member states must continue to provide the Council of Europe with appropriate legal instruments. It was in this spirit that the Additional Protocol to the Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime and on the Financing of Terrorism was adopted in Chişinău. It will be opened for signature, under the Monegasque Presidency, at the Conference on Cybercrime on 14 October. I hope that it will enter into force as soon as possible, in order to strengthen international co-operation in the face of transnational criminal networks that exploit increasingly sophisticated technologies, particularly in the field of crypto-assets. The support of parliamentarians will be crucial in this regard.

The external action strategy must, furthermore, serve to strengthen the Council of Europe’s position on the international stage. By extending the scope of the standards established by our organisation and by strengthening dialogue and partnerships beyond the European continent, it will enable us to promote our values and principles on a global scale.

Finally, on the sensitive issue of migration, a particularly timely balance has been struck through the adoption in Chişinău of a consensual political declaration on the European system for the protection of human rights. Member states have reaffirmed their commitment to the European Court of Human Rights, its authority and its independence, whilst taking into account the concerns and challenges currently facing certain governments. The Ministers’ Delegates are now working to define the practical arrangements for following up on this declaration. In this regard, the Monegasque Presidency is fully committed to preserving the spirit of consensus that guided the work under the Presidency of the Republic of Moldova.

Maintaining this working method, based on dialogue and the search for common solutions across all issues to be addressed, is essential to guaranteeing the institutional integrity of our organisation and preserving the unity of its member states within the European convention system.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Crises are no longer merely geopolitical. They feed off one another and have a direct impact on the strength of our democracies, the resilience of our societies and Europe’s ability to preserve the very foundations of its political and legal project.

As the Head of Government, His Excellency Mr Christophe MIRMAND, outlined to you yesterday, the Monegasque Chairmanship of the Committee of Ministers is guided by a clear guiding principle: “Protection for all, through an effective organisation, to meet contemporary challenges.”

The defence of fundamental rights, particularly those of the most vulnerable, must therefore remain at the top of the Council of Europe’s priorities. The protection of the rights of women, girls and children, as well as the fight against all forms of violence, constitute fundamental treaty obligations. Thematic debates organised by the Committee of the Parties to the Istanbul Convention and the Committee of Ministers in early June provided an opportunity for fruitful discussions. The annual conference of the Commission for Gender Equality, which focused on the role of women in peace processes, highlighted not only their essential contribution but also their still insufficient representation in negotiation and decision-making forums.

More broadly, despite their effective contribution to society, women’s role is still undervalued and their voices are often ignored. It is inconceivable to sideline half of humanity; this reality calls for a paradigm shift. Children and young people represent one of the greatest assets of our societies. They embody both the promise of the future and a force for change that is already helping to shape our democracies today. Young people are not merely the heirs to the world we will pass on to them. They are already its principal architects. In a constantly evolving digital, social and political environment, we have a responsibility to protect them and to foster their development.

As such, we must give them the means and the confidence to take action to realise their aspirations. We must also recognise their ability to challenge our choices, to enrich public debate, and to develop, with clear-sightedness and responsibility, their own understanding of the issues of our time.

In the face of emerging risks linked to exposure to social media, a joint thematic dialogue between the the Steering Committee for the Rights of the Child (CDENF) and the Steering Committee for Human Rights in the fields of Biomedicine and Health (CDBIO) has enabled us to take stock of the situation and examine possible responses, so as to always place the protection and mental health of children at the heart of our thinking. Furthermore, an international conference was held on 26 May on the phenomena of radicalisation and the rise of violent extremism amongst young people. On that occasion, the protocol amending the Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism was opened for signature. This text represents a major step forward, as it proposes a modernised and comprehensive legal definition of terrorist offences. We welcome the fact that 10 states and the European Union have signed it.

In the field of anti-money laundering, the Informal Conference of Ministers of Justice, held last week, provided a framework for strategic dialogue to strengthen the effectiveness of the judicial process, share best practice and develop coordinated responses to illicit financial flows. This work illustrates the need to strengthen our common legal framework in a coherent manner.

With this in mind, I would like to reaffirm that the European Convention on Human Rights constitutes the legal foundation of our organisation and the cornerstone of the effective protection of the rights and freedoms of more than 700 million European citizens. The swift enforcement of the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights is both a legal and a moral imperative, and guarantees an effective system that serves the rights of everyone.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Beyond the issues we have discussed, I would like to share with you a simple conviction: that of the relevance of the European model. From the Atlantic Ocean to the Caucasus Mountains, from the Arctic Circle to the shores of the Mediterranean, the diversity of our cultures, traditions and sensibilities is one of our continent’s greatest treasures. Our differences are our strengths. Our unity is our strength. It unites us around a shared heritage of values and a common ambition. The same ambition that inspired the founding fathers of the Council of Europe when they chose to overcome the divisions of the past and the ravages of war to build an area of peace, founded on freedom, human dignity, democracy and the rule of law. Dialogue, cooperation and multilateralism must remain our roadmap. It is this legacy that we must preserve, strengthen and pass on to future generations.

It is also in this spirit that the Principality of Monaco intends to guide its work as Chair of the Committee of Ministers over the coming months.

Thank you.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:21:14

Thank you very much, Ms Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ, for this really very interesting and thoughtful address.

Members of the assembly will now put questions to you. We will first hear the representatives of the political groups.

Everybody has a time limit of 30 seconds and for the political groups you will have the chance to answer after each single question. And we start with Ms Gökçe GÖKÇEN on behalf of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group group.

Mme Gökçe GÖKÇEN

Türkiye, SOC, Porte-parole du groupe

12:21:44

Thank you.

Madam Minister, my question to you will be about the recent developments in Türkiye. Four congresses of the main opposition party, Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi), were annulled. The elected party leader was removed from his position, and a trustee was appointed to the leadership of the party.

My question is, as the President of the Committee of Ministers, what are your thoughts about the crackdown on the opposition in Türkiye?

Thank you.

Mme Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ

Conseiller de Gouvernement - Ministre des Relations extérieures et de la Coopération de Monaco, Présidente du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe

12:22:15

Thank you very much, Madam, for your question.

Just as it does for your Assembly, the situation in Türkiye is a regular source of concern at meetings of the Committee of Ministers.

Türkiye is one of our organisation’s 46 member states, and as such, it must respect the commitments it has undertaken in the areas of human rights, the rule of law and democracy. To help it do so, as it does for other member states, the Council of Europe has developed a range of monitoring, advisory and assistance mechanisms.

I therefore encourage the Turkish authorities to make good use of these instruments, and I am convinced that they will be keen to continue working closely with the Council of Europe’s bodies to overcome the current problems and, above all, to ensure respect for civil and political freedoms in the country, in accordance with, and in particular, the European Convention on Human Rights.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:23:19

Thank you.

The next one is Ms Deborah BERGAMINI, on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party.

Mme Deborah BERGAMINI

Italie, PPE/DC, Porte-parole du groupe

12:23:25

Thank you, Chair.

I shall speak in Italian.

Minister, on behalf of the European People’s Party, I would like to thank you for having repeatedly emphasised, amongst the priorities of the Monegasque Presidency of the Committee of Ministers, the defence of fundamental rights and the fight against all forms of violence.

In this regard, many thousands of Ukrainian civilians are still being held illegally by the Russian Federation, in breach of international humanitarian law.

I would like to ask you what concrete measures the Monegasque Presidency intends to take to help resolve this grave situation.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:24:07

Thank you.

Ms Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ.

Mme Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ

Conseiller de Gouvernement - Ministre des Relations extérieures et de la Coopération de Monaco, Présidente du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe

12:24:12

Thank you, Ms Deborah BERGAMINI, for your question.

As you mentioned, support for Ukraine and holding the Russian Federation to account for the crime of aggression remain not only at the heart of the Council of Europe’s priorities, but also at the heart of the Monegasque Presidency’s priorities.

The Council of Europe continues to demonstrate its unique role in transforming political commitments into institutional and legal frameworks, to ensure accountability and compensation for Ukrainian citizens. As I mentioned earlier, significant progress has been made in recent months towards ensuring this accountability, both with regard to the establishment of the Special Tribunal for Ukraine and the Register of Damages and the International Claims Commission.

Furthermore, preparations for the new action plan for Ukraine are in full swing, and a draft will be presented to the Committee of Ministers in the autumn. I would nevertheless like to thank you for raising the issue of the situation of Ukrainian civilians detained by the Russian authorities.

Indeed, their situation is a matter of grave concern to us, and we regard these detentions as entirely unlawful. This constitutes, I believe, yet another example of the Russian authorities’ disregard for the fundamental rights protected by our Convention.

And so, in this context, I would like to emphasise that, in its decision of March 2025 in the case of Ukraine v. Russia, the Committee of Ministers urged the Russian authorities to immediately release all Ukrainian political prisoners, as well as all other Ukrainians and Tatars who are being unlawfully detained in Crimea.

I shall, moreover, have the opportunity in the coming weeks to discuss with the Ukrainian authorities how the Council of Europe might step up its assistance in this area.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:26:24

Thank you very much.

We will now hear the question of Sir Edward LEIGH from the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates.

Sir Edward LEIGH

Royaume-Uni, CEPA, Porte-parole du groupe

12:26:31

Madam President of the Committee of Ministers, my question to you is this:

Canada is the country most committed to human rights in the entire world. It doesn't need to be a member of the Convention on Human Rights. Why should the United Kingdom stay a member of the Convention on Human Rights, when apparently, it is stopping us from detaining and deporting those who are crossing the Channel in their thousands every year and poisoning our politics?

If we don't need to leave the Convention, what advice has she got for me? How is the Council of Ministers going to help us deal with this problem?

Mme Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ

Conseiller de Gouvernement - Ministre des Relations extérieures et de la Coopération de Monaco, Présidente du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe

12:27:15

Thank you, Sir Edward LEIGH, for your question.

Allow me, first of all, to emphasise that, over recent years, migration issues have consistently taken on increasing importance in the work of the Committee of Ministers, which therefore reflects the concerns expressed by many member states, including the United Kingdom.

At the 4th Reykjavík Summit, the Heads of State and Government once again highlighted the growing challenges posed by migration and expressed their commitment to stepping up efforts to promote and strengthen international co-operation in this field.

Similarly, at the ministerial meeting in Luxembourg, ministers welcomed the progress made in drafting a recommendation aimed at preventing and combatting the smuggling of migrants through legal means and other appropriate measures.

Last December, the informal ministerial conference on justice reaffirmed, once again, the member states’ commitment to the European Convention on Human Rights and to the essential role of the Court, whilst recognising the specific challenges posed by irregular migration and certain complex situations faced by member states. And so, as you are also aware, in line with this, the Chișinău Declaration reaffirmed the fundamental contribution of the Convention system to the protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law, as well as the member states’ commitment to the independence of the European Court of Human Rights.

However, it also recognises that several member states are facing complex migration challenges, particularly in the context of mass arrivals, and emphasised the possibility of continuing to explore new approaches that allow for more effective management of irregular migration whilst respecting the obligations arising from the Convention.

Consequently, the Committee of Ministers also welcomed the work of the Network of Focal Points on Migration and instructed the Secretary General to put forward proposals aimed at strengthening and adapting its mandate in order to facilitate exchanges between national authorities and the Council of Europe. Discussions are currently ongoing within the Committee of Ministers on the follow-up to the decisions adopted in Chișinău, including in the field of migration.

I would therefore like to emphasise that these migration issues remain, and will continue to remain, on the Council of Europe’s agenda. Discussions will continue within the organisation to examine the various responses that could help address the growing and complex challenges facing member states, whilst respecting the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:30:23

Thank you. Now, Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK has 30 seconds on behalf of Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.

Mme Yevheniia KRAVCHUK

Ukraine, ADLE, Porte-parole du groupe

12:30:29

Thank you very much, Madam Minister [in French].

You put the protection of human rights, especially for women, young people and children, at the heart of your presidency. What further actions should the Council of Europe take? How could the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe be involved?

By the way, we have youth rapporteurs in all of the committees, and particularly, what could the Committee of Ministers do to make sure that we return the abducted Ukrainian children from the Russian Federation and the legal consequences for those who committed war crimes?

Thank you.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:31:03

Thank you, Madam Minister.

Mme Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ

Conseiller de Gouvernement - Ministre des Relations extérieures et de la Coopération de Monaco, Présidente du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe

12:31:06

Thank you very much, Ms Yevheniia KRAVCHUK, for your question.

Thank you for drawing attention to the situation of vulnerable people who, as I said earlier in my speech, are indeed a key priority for the Principality of Monaco. Without attempting to be exhaustive, I would first like to mention violence against women, including domestic violence. This is a form of violence that is a scourge affecting all our Member States, and it constitutes a serious violation of human rights. We already have a key instrument, the Istanbul Convention, which sets out a human rights-based approach to combating violence against women. As you know, this convention has now been ratified by 39 states, including the European Union. And I urge all remaining member states, as well as non-member states of the Council of Europe, to accede to this important convention. As parliamentarians, you can also play a part in facilitating the final ratifications and ensuring the convention is implemented in your respective countries.

The Committee of Ministers has also adopted other important instruments, including, most recently, the recommendation on accountability for technology-facilitated violence against women and girls.

With regard more specifically to Russia and Ukrainian children, every year the Committee of Ministers organises an informal exchange of views with representatives of the United Nations and civil society concerning the enforcement of judgments handed down against Russia. Clearly, monitoring these cases poses a particular challenge for the Committee of Ministers, given Russia’s complete lack of co-operation.

At its recent Human Rights meeting in June 2026, the Committee of Ministers examined the issue of the abduction and transfer to Russia of Ukrainian children, which forms part of the case of Ukraine and the Netherlands v. Russia. The Committee condemned in the strongest possible terms the systematic practice by the Russian authorities of illegally transferring Ukrainian children, without any consent from their parents or legal guardians, from the temporarily occupied territories to Russia and, in many cases, the on-the-spot adoption of Ukrainian children, with the aim of integrating them, potentially indefinitely, into families or institutions in Russia. The Committee also urged Russia to comply with its international obligations and to ensure the immediate cessation of the unlawful transfers of Ukrainian children to Russia.

At the same time, the Committee of Ministers is also seeking to further strengthen political and legal pressure on the Russian Federation, notably through support for the International Coalition for the Return of Ukrainian Children, independent monitoring of violations, and ensuring an appropriate response to the children’s needs for return, reintegration and psychological support. It is, of course, essential to ensure that this issue remains at the centre of the European debate. In this context, the mandate of the Special Envoy on the Situation of Children in Ukraine, which is guided by the Reykjavík Declaration, is fundamental: it raises awareness of the dire situation facing Ukrainian children, encourages initiatives by the Council of Europe, and ensures close co-ordination with all relevant bodies, including the Consultative Group on Children in Ukraine (CGU) and the Register of Damages.

The Special Envoy promotes international co-operation, notably with the Coalition for the Return of Children, and proposes concrete ways to strengthen the Council of Europe’s action for the benefit of Ukrainian children, building on synergies with international partners.

So, as I said, this is an issue that remains at the heart of the Council of Europe’s work and that of the Monegasque Presidency.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:35:33

Thank you very much.

And the last speaker on behalf of political groups is Mr Berdan ÖZTÜRK on behalf of the Group of the Unified European Left.

M. Berdan ÖZTÜRK

Türkiye, GUE, Porte-parole du groupe

12:35:41

Madam Minister,

Although the European Court of Human Rights ruled in favour of Mr Abdullah ÖCALAN's right to hope in 2014, the Committee first discussed the case late in 2021 and has addressed it only intermittently. Despite giving Türkiye a deadline of June 2026, the topic hasn't appeared on the Committee meeting agenda for this year. As violations are allowed to continue, why are this case and many similar cases not being addressed consistently by the Committee? Why are other available procedures not being used to support the implementation of judgments regarding Türkiye?

Thank you.

Mme Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ

Conseiller de Gouvernement - Ministre des Relations extérieures et de la Coopération de Monaco, Présidente du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe

12:36:26

I shall now answer Mr Berdan ÖZTÜRK’s question.

You are here.

The Committee of Ministers has been monitoring the implementation of the ÖCALAN case (No. 2) since 2014. This case is being examined as part of the Gurban group of cases concerning violations of Article 3 of the Convention. The issue raised in this group concerns the imposition of an aggravated life sentence without the possibility of parole. The applicants, including Mr Abdullah ÖCALAN, continue to serve their aggravated life sentences without any mechanism for review.

The Committee of Ministers examined this group of cases at its Human Rights meeting in September 2024. In its decision, it reiterated that the implementation of these judgments requires the adoption of legislative measures aimed at establishing a mechanism that would allow for the review of any aggravated life sentence after a certain minimum period, with the possibility of release, unless, of course, the requirements of punishment and deterrence have not yet been fully met or the person still poses a danger to society.

In September 2025, in view of the lack of progress in the implementation of these cases, the Committee expressed its deep regret that the legislative or other appropriate measures necessary to bring Turkish legislation into line with the requirements of the Convention had not been adopted. The Committee once again urged the authorities to take the necessary measures without further delay.

In the context of examining other cases against Türkiye, the Committee of Ministers took note of the adoption of the report by the "National Solidarity, Brotherhood, and Democracy Commission”, established as part of the “Terror-Free Türkiye" initiative. According to the authorities, this initiative could lead to progress in the implementation of the Court’s judgments.

I very much hope that this will be the case and, more generally, that an agreement will be reached swiftly between all the parties concerned.

And I would add, to conclude on this matter, that the Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT) is continuing a confidential dialogue with the Turkish authorities on this issue.

Thank you.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:39:05

Thank you.

I will give the floor now to other speakers and they will group them in three, and after the three give the floor to Madam Minister to answer the questions.

And the first one on my list is Ms Seda GÖREN from Türkiye.

Mme Seda GÖREN

Türkiye, NI

12:39:26

Thank you, Madam President, Madam Minister.

We note with regret that the Council of Europe, the continent’s oldest and most inclusive European institution, sometimes sees its decision-making processes overshadowed by narrow and exclusive approaches centred on Brussels.

Yet the Committee of Ministers is the supreme decision-making body responsible for shaping the framework for political dialogue within the Council.

Under the Monegasque Presidency, how do you intend to mobilise the institutional will of the Committee of Ministers in order to strengthen the institutional autonomy of the Council of Europe and promote an inclusive pan-European vision that is not limited to the borders of the European Union, fully reflecting the role of all member states, and in particular Türkiye?

Thank you.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:40:09

Thank you. Now Ms Bisera KOSTADINOVSKA-STOJCHEVSKA.

Mme Bisera KOSTADINOVSKA-STOJCHEVSKA

Macédoine du Nord, SOC

12:40:14

Thank you so much.

Madam Minister, women's rights, children and young people are equally susceptible to disinformation and declining participation in public life. How do you plan, under your presidency, to ensure that this will be the last of the breaking of the fundamental rights? And what do you plan to do with both member states and candidate states that decline to enforce certain measures?

Thank you.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:40:41

Thank you. And now Ms Cristina Gabriella DUMITRESCU.

Mme Cristina Gabriella DUMITRESCU

Roumanie, CEPA

12:40:46

Thank you.

Madam President.

"Madam Minister" [in French].

Concerning the cultural and linguistic situation of the Aromanians in the Hellenic Republic, if you could please inform me, how does the Committee of Ministers assess the Hellenic Republic's current level of compliance since 1997, with Recommendation 1333?

And what concrete measures has the government of the Hellenic Republic taken in response to the requirements facilitating access of Aromanians to education, publication, media programmes, religious services and cultural activities, preserving and promoting the Aromanian dialect and culture to the younger generation?

Thank you.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:41:38

Thank you. And Madam Minister, please.

Mme Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ

Conseiller de Gouvernement - Ministre des Relations extérieures et de la Coopération de Monaco, Présidente du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe

12:41:41

Right, I shall begin by answering Ms Seda GÖREN’s question.

Ms Seda GÖREN, your question raises fundamental issues that concern not only the European institutional architecture, but also multilateralism.

Please note, first of all, that I am speaking as a representative of a Council of Europe member state that is not part of the European Union. And so, for me – and particularly in this building – when you say ‘Europe’, I think of the number 46, not the number 27.

The process of European integration began with the Council of Europe and Türkiye, which is regarded as a founding member, and this process has played a very important role throughout its history. The Council of Europe is a major player in multilateral cooperation across all its areas of expertise: human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

I would like to highlight in particular the system for the protection of human rights based on the European Court of Human Rights and the fundamental role – as I mentioned earlier – of the European Court of Human Rights. We must all safeguard the Convention’s valuable system, its effectiveness and its independence. And the best way to do this is to comply with the judgments handed down by the Court.

Although the Council of Europe operates within a complex international institutional context, it must preserve its comparative advantages and distinctive features for the benefit of its member states, whose number exceeds that of the European Union. We clearly need dialogue with our primary institutional partner, a strategic vision and also determination. Furthermore, if we want a Council of Europe that is as effective as the one envisaged by the founding fathers, we must also ensure that our institutions are strong and functional.

Turning to the question raised by Ms Bisera KOSTADINOVSKA-STOJCHEVSKA on youth participation and the role of young people.

As I said in my speech, young people are a real driving force in our societies and it is therefore absolutely essential to support those who are actively engaged in promoting democratic processes, in order to help reinforce the Council of Europe’s values amongst young people. At the 4th Reykjavík Summit in 2023, the Heads of State and Government called for the youth perspective to be integrated into all intergovernmental deliberations, recognising that youth participation strengthens democratic institutions and makes policies more effective.

It is therefore in this spirit that the Monegasque Presidency has made young people’s autonomy and meaningful participation in decision-making processes one of its key priorities, and we are dedicating – and will continue to dedicate – a series of events to young people. I would like to mention, for example, the Convention to be held on 9 and 10 November, which will aim, in particular, to raise young people’s awareness of the fight against disinformation.

Our Presidency has also supported the work of the second Hackathon, which took place last week as part of the New Democratic Pact for Europe. Its aim was to mobilise young people across Europe to devise technological solutions and practical tools to promote civic participation and the defence of human rights, and I believe I can say that this event was a real success.

I would also like to recall that at the Conference of Ministers responsible for Youth of the Council of Europe, held in Malta on 8 and 9 October 2025, the ministers adopted a final declaration and a resolution on the youth perspective, which commits to placing young people at the heart of democratic renewal. The resolution contains a Council of Europe reference framework on mainstreaming a youth perspective, which I believe is an essential tool for strengthening European youth policy and young people’s participation in policy-making within the organisation and in the member states.

Furthermore, I would like to mention the Council of Europe’s 2020–2030 strategy for the youth sector, which supports efforts to empower young people and involve them in the democratic process, and pays particular attention to young people’s access to rights, including social rights and youth employment.

Finally, in response to the last question from Ms Cristina Gabriella DUMITRESCU, I would point out that your question concerns a recommendation from the Parliamentary Assembly and not from the Committee of Ministers; therefore, this matter must be addressed within that context.

The Council of Europe’s work in the field of national minorities includes standard-setting, intergovernmental co-operation, activities to develop and consolidate democratic stability, and measures to build trust within civil society.

The Council of Europe’s most important instrument in this field is the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM). I would emphasise that this convention is the first legally binding multilateral instrument dedicated to the protection of national minorities in Europe, and its implementation is monitored by the only international committee devoted exclusively to minority rights, the Advisory Committee, which is a recognised and highly respected body in the international sphere of minority protection. The Framework Convention has been ratified by 38 member states of the Council of Europe.

The Council of Europe also has another relevant instrument in this area, namely the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which provides effective protection for the languages spoken by traditional minorities.

That is the answer to the last question.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:48:30

Thank you very much. The next 30 seconds go to Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS.

M. Emanuelis ZINGERIS

Lituanie, PPE/DC

12:48:41

Dear colleagues from Monaco,

I would like to say thank you. It was two brilliant meetings in Monaco for the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and your leadership is fantastic.

My question to you is very simple. It has two parts, A and B.

Question A is about how to speed up the process of the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine, which was created by us after Reykjavík, how to strengthen, speed up and implement it. 

And second, very simply, by Russian law enforcement agencies, probably the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB), Russian artists were killed just a few days ago in Poland.

How can we stop the enemy's activities on our territory, killing opponents of Mr Vladimir PUTIN's regime one by one and actually even our targets, European targets are under way?

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:49:45

Thank you very much.

The next one on my list is Mr Armağan CANDAN from Cyprus.

M. Armağan CANDAN

Cyprus* [Resolution 1376 (2004)]

12:49:55

The ongoing conflicts and growing instability and humanitarian need in the Middle East: are you concerned about the potential spillover effects on the Eastern Mediterranean? And what role do you envisage for the Council of Europe in supporting regional stability, co-operation and rapprochement, including my country, Cyprus?

Thank you.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:50:22

Thank you very much.

And next is Mr Ardian GOLA from Kosovo.

It looks like he is not here. Oh, he is. Okay.

You need to put the card into the slot and press once.

M. Ardian GOLA

Assemblée du Kosovo*

12:50:56

Dear Madam President,

In April 2024, this Assembly overwhelmingly recommended Kosovo's membership in the Council of Europe, with more than 80% of members voting in favour. Yet, more than two years later, the Committee of Ministers has still not taken a final decision. Given that membership would strengthen the protection of human rights for all citizens and communities living in Kosovo through access to the European Convention on Human Rights and other Council of Europe mechanisms, what is preventing the Committee of Ministers from holding a final vote and what steps can be taken to move the process forward?

Thank you very much.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

12:51:36

 Thank you very much, Madam Minister.

Mme Isabelle BERRO-AMADEÏ

Conseiller de Gouvernement - Ministre des Relations extérieures et de la Coopération de Monaco, Présidente du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe

12:51:42

Thank you, Madam Chair.

In response to Mr Emanuelis ZINGERIS’s question: one of the key elements in establishing a comprehensive framework of accountability for Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine is the creation of the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine.

As I mentioned earlier in my speech, in Chișinău, 36 European Union countries adopted the resolution establishing the Enlarged Partial Agreement on Management Committee of the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine. I believe this is truly a crucial step in the practical implementation of the tribunal, which is tasked – and will continue to be tasked – with investigating those who bear the greatest responsibility for the crimes that have been committed. The tribunal will also be responsible for prosecuting and trying them.

It also remains essential to continue awareness-raising efforts in order to increase the number of countries supporting the Special Tribunal and, at the same time, to make progress towards ensuring its financial sustainability. Once this is secured, the Enlarged Partial Agreement will enter into force. The preparatory team has begun to lay the legal, operational and institutional foundations necessary for the functioning of the Tribunal’s first phase, thanks to the financial support of the European Union, for which we are grateful. The Special Tribunal is, I believe, the most appropriate solution for determining the criminal liability of those who bear the greatest responsibility for the crime of aggression against Ukraine, and also for avoiding double jeopardy at national level against those same individuals.

I would just like to add, perhaps looking beyond the Special Tribunal and beyond the compensation and accountability mechanism, that the Committee of Ministers, as I said earlier, remains committed to Ukraine’s long-term future through democratic reconstruction, particularly within the framework of the ‘Resilience, Recovery and Reconstruction’ action plan. And I believe that this action plan contributes substantially to Ukraine’s reform programme by supporting the country on its path towards accession to the European Union. I believe this is also a parallel that deserves to be supported and highlighted.

On the question raised by Mr Armağan CANDAN, the Middle East is currently facing a deeply worrying crisis, characterised by the intertwining of several conflicts and a regional escalation over the past several months, the consequences of which are dramatic for the civilian population. Monaco naturally expresses its deep concern at the deterioration of the situation and calls on all parties to continue to prioritise negotiation and peaceful solutions, to protect the civilian population and to fully respect international law, in particular international humanitarian law.

The protection of civilians must remain an absolute priority. Indiscriminate attacks targeting civilian areas or essential infrastructure are clearly unacceptable. The repercussions of this crisis affect the entire international community. The tensions are affecting trade routes, supply chains, energy markets and, of course, global economic stability. They are also being felt within our societies, with a worrying resurgence of antisemitic and Islamophobic acts and, more broadly, hate speech. Preserving social cohesion, dialogue and mutual respect is a major challenge in our societies.

In this context, it is essential to reaffirm respect for international law, and this respect remains the indispensable foundation of stability, security and trust between states. Whilst the Council of Europe is not mandated to intervene on the security aspects of these crises, it nevertheless plays a vital role in upholding the values that form the foundations of lasting peace: human rights, the rule of law and democracy. And in the face of the current challenge, it is more necessary than ever to strengthen multilateralism and the institutions that foster dialogue, cooperation and respect for international standards. It is by prioritising dialogue – to which we are all deeply committed – rather than confrontation that we can contribute to peace and international stability.

Finally, Monaco wishes to express its solidarity with all civilian populations affected by the conflicts currently ravaging the Middle East and its neighbouring regions, including in several member states of the Council of Europe, such as Türkiye, Azerbaijan and Cyprus.

Thank you.

Finally, Mr Ardian GOLA’s question on Kosovo. The Principality of Monaco recognised Kosovo’s independence in 2008 and we have maintained diplomatic relations with Kosovo since 2012. In its capacity as Chair of the Committee of Ministers, Monaco will address this issue impartially, in full compliance with the Council of Europe’s procedures and in keeping with its role as a facilitator of dialogue between member states. The issue of Kosovo’s accession is a special one, given that there is currently no consensus on it amongst the organisation’s member states. Since the opinion issued by the Parliamentary Assembly in April 2024, the political and institutional context has not allowed the conditions to be created for progress on this issue. The snap parliamentary elections on 7 June 2026 confirmed the absence of an absolute majority.

Consultations aimed at forming a governing majority are currently under way, and their successful conclusion will, I hope, mark an important step towards stabilising the political and institutional situation in Kosovo. We once again call for the continuation of political dialogue and the strengthening of institutional stability in Kosovo. Stable governance is a key element for any sustainable progress on this issue.

Monaco considers that any process of accession to the Council of Europe must be conducted in an inclusive manner, in a spirit of dialogue and collective responsibility, and with due regard for the institutional balances that underpin the functioning of the Council of Europe. The Monegasque Chairmanship does not seek to prejudge the outcome of this matter. Its role is to foster dialogue between member states and to conduct the work of the Committee of Ministers in an impartial, transparent and consensual manner. Should the conditions be met for a resumption of discussions, Monaco will fully exercise its role as Chair to facilitate consultations between the delegations.

Throughout our Presidency, we will continue to give this issue the full attention it deserves, with the aim of preserving the unity of the Council of Europe and the effectiveness of our work in the service of human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

Thank you.

Mme Petra BAYR

Autriche, SOC, Présidente de l'Assemblée

13:00:01

I thank you very much for this exchange which we have to conclude now, and I want to thank you very warmly for your very concise answers to our questions.

I can now announce the result of the voting for the election of the Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

The total number of members voting was 198, the number of blank ballot papers was 4, the number of spoilt ballot papers was 0 and the number of votes cast was 194. An absolute majority of votes cast was reached with 96 votes. 

The votes were cast as follows:

Ms Tanja GONGGRIJP - 135 votes

Ms Marja RUOTANEN-BOURDAGES - 59 votes

That means that Ms Tanja GONGGRIJP, having obtained a majority of the votes cast, is elected Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe for the term of office of five years, which shall commence on 1 September 2026.

[Applause]

Allow me to thank both of the candidates for their readiness to run, for their long-standing commitment to the Council of Europe. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe has taken a decision today, but we will continue, of course, to co-operate with both of them, because Ms Marja RUOTANEN-BOURDAGES will continue, I assume, her engagement with the Council of Europe. So I am looking forward to our collaboration with both of you, in a new role and in the same role as before. And congratulations to Ms Tanja GONGGRIJP. Thank you.

Our next business is to consider the changes proposed to the membership of the Special Committee on the New Democratic Pact. These are set out in document Commissions (2026) 09 Add.

Are there any proposed changes in the membership of the Committee or can it be agreed?

It can be agreed to. 

The Assembly will hold its next public sitting later today at 4.30 p.m. with the agenda approved yesterday.

The sitting is adjourned.

 

La séance est levée à 13h05.

Prochaine séance à 16h30.